GIS is widely being used to identify and solve problems like crime, transportation, health

and others. GIS incorporates spatial data with attribute data in order to map, analyze, and assess
real-world problems. Organization that corresponded to the problem can use GIS data to help solve
the problem.
For health problem we can use of GIS tools include understanding and mapping the spread
of diseases. Epidemiologists often need to make predictions about the behavior of disease and use
GIS technology to help visualize trends and inform decision makers about prevention strategies,
as well as help first responders during an outbreak. GIS tools are even used in architecture, where
they can be utilized to identify line of sight during a building project, to make predictions about
crowds and pedestrian traffic or to optimize space utilization when designing a project. By using
GIS, architects can design buildings that are more efficient in structure and fit more effectively
within existing landscapes.
For transportation, in China there are e-Bus system integrates advanced technologies and
devices (OBU, GPS, wireless communications, and etc.) to collect real-time bus location updates
and other data. After the data are processed by the control center, an estimated time of arrival is
announced. By recording every cars going in and out to the parking lots, the parking lot guidance
system calculate the remainder space. Citizens can look up locations of parking lots in advance via
internet. They can also check the locations and number of spaces while on their way by reading
the parking information guidance billboards alongside the roads. GIS also can help to solve urban
traffic problems where with popularization of smartphones, providing real-time traffic
information by using Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a solution for urban
traffic problems. An urban GIS integrated with Location Based Services (LBS) can provide real-
time local traffic information for users. Combination of Global Positioning System, Geographic
Information System and wireless data transmission can determine the location of the user and
provide the corresponding traffic information. These can help people to manage their time and
planning well.
For crime, it is a human phenomenon, therefore its distribution in space is not random.
Crime analysis methods are important because they help to identify the different geographic
patterns in criminal behavior. There are many conventional tools that allow crime data analysis,
but GIS software can create a single visual output that combines multiple data layers into a
meaningful output. The analysis between crime and other factors, for example, demography,
housing, income, or social conditions, can lead to the understanding of the place and crime
relationship based on the conditions compared. Information management has always been a main
concern for Law enforcement authorities, especially the location information. Traditional law
enforcement approaches confidential information through informers, street investigations, and
undercover operations are effective ways of data collection. However, data collection without data
analysis is of no use, GIS allow effective integration and analysis of data to identify, apprehend,
and prosecute suspects, it also helps the law enforcing agency to provide against crime through
effective allocation of resources. The fundamental strength of GIS over traditional crime analytical
tools and methods is the ability to visualize, analyze and explain the criminal activity in a spatial
context.
Bitfocus,2016. Using GIS to solve 3 common problems in helping homeless.
[https://bitfocus.com/data-analysis/gis-technology-helping-homeless/]. Accessed July,7,2018.
Geospatial World,2013. GIS as a solution for urban traffic problems.
[https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/gis-as-solutions-for-urban-transit-problems/]. Accessed
July,7,2018.
Geospatial World,2010. Effective crime control using GIS.
[https://www.geospatialworld.net/article/effective-crime-control-using-gis/]. Accessed
July,7,2018.