Paper N° 4314 Registration Code: S-U1462348405

SEISMIC PERFORMANCES OF MRF-EBF DUAL SYSTEMS:

INFLUENCE OF BRACE GEOMETRY
(1) (2) (3)
R. Montuori , E. Nastri , V. Piluso
(1)
Assistant Professor, University of Salerno, Italy, r.montuori@unisa.it
(2)
Research Assistant, University of Salerno, Italy, enastri@unisa.it
(3)
Full Professor, University of Salerno, Italy, v.piluso@unisa.it

Abstract
The work herein presented is devoted to the evaluation of the influence of the brace geometry on the seismic
performances of Moment Resisting Frames-Eccentrically Braced Frames (MRF-EBF) dual systems designed
by means of the Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control (TPMC). Even though TPMC design approach is still
not introduced in modern seismic code, it has earned the reputation of being a very robust method, based on
kinematic theorem of plastic collapse, able to assure collapse mechanism of global type. Conversely, the design
approach proposed by Eurocode 8 (EC8), following the rules given by the other modern seismic codes,
promotes the application of the so-called beam-column hierarchy criterion which is able to avoid soft-storey
mechanisms, but is not able to assure the yielding of all the dissipative zones, because a collapse mechanism of
global type is usually not attained. The main purpose of the present work is to compare, given the design
approach, the different performances affecting structures with four different brace geometry of the eccentrically
braced part of the seismic resistant scheme. For this reason, 5 bays structures with 4, 6 and 8 storeys have been
considered for the four link configurations for a total number of 12 structural schemes. The seismic
performances have been evaluated by means of both push-over and Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA)
carried out until the achievement of the structural collapse.
Keywords: Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control, MRF-EBF dual systems, Seismic Design, Steel, IDA analyses

Paper N° 4629
Registration Code: S-M1464744619

NCh2369 vs ASCE7 - STRENGTH vs DUCTILITY?

INDUSTRIAL STEEL MOMENT FRAMES

(1) (2) (3),(4) (5)
M. Medalla , C. Peña , D. Lopez-Garcia , R. Illanes
(1)
Civil Engineer, M. Eng., P&M Structural/Seismic Engineering, miguel.medalla@pymse.com
(2)
Civil Engineer, M. Eng., P&M Structural/Seismic Engineering, carlos.pena@pymse.com
(3)
Associate Professor, Department of Structural & Geotechnical Engineering, Pontificia
Universidad Catolica de Chile, dlg@ing.puc.cl
(4)
Researcher, National Research Center for Integrated Natural Disaster Management CONICYT
FONDAP 15110017, dlg@ing.puc.cl
(5)
Civil Engineer, rodrigo.illanes.s@gmail.com

Abstract
Earthquake-resistant design philosophies behind ASCE7-10/AISC341-10 and NCh2369.Of2003 are different.
The differences make very difficult the task of satisfying simultaneously both design criteria, both from the
conceptual and the practical points of view.
This paper presents the comparison of the inelastic seismic response of a moment frames of an industrial
structure. The structure was designed to meet independently with both American and Chilean Codes provisions.
The comparison of the seismic response is made at three levels of earthquake excitations: for a standard
earthquake demand, (10% of exceedance in a 50-year period), for a maximum credible demand, (2% of
exceedance in 50-year period), and for an operational level earthquake, (50% of exceedance in a 30-year
period). Each of these earthquake levels is represented by a set of artificial ground motions compatibles with
the corresponding design spectra. Additionally, some design aspects showing the differences among the design
philosophies are presented.
The results obtained after the analysis show a similar behavior for the both operant and standard level design.
Relative to maximum credible design the results show a best performance in the Chilean design, with interstory
displacement and base shear reduction about 30%. In this way and considering the target of the industrial
Chilean code (limited shutdown period after the earthquake) it can be seen that codes responses are according
with their own philosophies. Finally, the measure responses modification factors after nonlinear analysis show
a best assessment from the ASCE7-10/AISC341-10 design.
Keywords: Industrial structures; Steel moment frames.

Paper N° 422 (Abstract 422) Registration Code: S-S1462185156

EFFECTS OF FIRE-DAMAGE ON THE NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF

R.C. BASE-ISOLATED BUILDINGS UNDER NEAR-FAULT
EARTHQUAKES
(1) (2)
F. Mazza , F. Alesina
(1)
Researcher, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Università della Calabria, Rende (Cosenza),
Italy, fabio.mazza@unical.it
(2)
Ph.D., Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Università della Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy,
fabioalesina@yahoo.it

Abstract
The increase in the deformability of a fire-damaged base-isolated building may lead to an amplification in the
structural response under the long-duration horizontal pulses of near-fault earthquakes. Moreover, high values
of the peak acceleration ratio, defined as the ratio between the peak value of the vertical acceleration and the
analogous value of the horizontal acceleration, can become critical once the strength level of a fire-weakened
base-isolated structure is reduced. To study the nonlinear seismic response following fire, a numerical
investigation is carried out on six-storey r.c. base-isolated structures, composed of a basement and five storeys
above the ground level, designed in line with the Italian seismic code. The base-isolation system is constituted
of High-Damping-Laminated-Rubber Bearings (HDLRBs). Different values of fire resistance and opening
factor representing the amount of ventilation are considered, in line with the parametric temperature-time fire
curve proposed by Eurocode 1. Three fire scenarios are examined, with the fire compartment confined to the
area of the base-isolated level (i.e. F0) and first (i.e. F1) and fifth (i.e. F5) levels of the superstructure. A
numerical investigation is carried out by means of thermal-mechanical mapping analysis, with reduced
mechanical properties of both r.c. cross-sections, in line with the 500°C isotherm method proposed by Eurocode
2, and HDLRBs, in line with a proposed 200°C isotherm method. A nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis
considers the horizontal and vertical components of near-fault earthquakes. Plastic conditions are assessed at
the potential critical sections of the beams (i.e. end sections of the sub-elements in which a beam is discretized)
and columns (i.e. end sections). The response of a HDLRB is simulated with a viscoelastic model with variable
stiffness properties in the horizontal and vertical directions, depending on the axial force and lateral
deformation.
Keywords: Base-isolated framed structures; Fire damaged r.c. members; Fire damaged HDLRBs; Near-fault
earthquakes

Paper N° 514 Registration Code: S-I1461959765

COMPARISON OF THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF TWO

INDUSTRIAL STEEL STRUCTURES DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH CHILEAN PRACTICES AND AISC REQUIREMENTS
C. Urzúa(1), R. Herrera(2)
(1) Structural Engineer, JRI Ingeniería, Chile, curzua@jri.cl
(2) Assistant Professor, University of Chile, riherrer@ing.uchile.cl

Abstract
In Chile, earthquake-resistant design of industrial structures and facilities is regulated by Chilean code
NCh2369. Even when NCh2369 refers to seismic provisions of AISC as a complementary source of
information, both codes present conceptual differences regarding the preferred source of energy dissipation.
AISC seismic provisions enforce energy dissipation only through inelastic deformation of specific elements in
the structure, which requires a widely distributed inelastic incursion in order to maximize energy dissipation.
In an industrial context, providing structural detailing that allows a widely distributed plastification is not
simple, given the usual irregularities of mass, stiffness, and geometry that structures exhibit. Considering this,
NCh2369 allows dissipation additionally in the structure anchorage to the foundation. The advantage to this
approach is that it limits in some way the seismic energy entering the structure, thereby reducing damage
during strong earthquakes.
In order to study the impact on seismic behavior when either practice is used for design, in this paper two
typical structures of mining industry are designed in parallel according to NCh2369 and AISC341 Seismic
Provisions requirements. Seismic behavior is characterized through performance factors and methodology as
indicated in FEMA P695. Furthermore, seismic energy distribution of the different dissipation mechanisms is
studied for each practice. It is observed that utilization of ductile anchorage improves the structural behavior,
reducing the seismic demand on resistant elements and increasing the overall ductility.
Keywords: Industrial structures, dynamic nonlinear analysis, plastic anchorage modeling.

Paper N° 3589(Abstract ID) Registration Code: S-U1464330269

Volumetric Loss Estimation for Collapsed Buildings during Earthquakes

A Iida(1), S. Okada(2), T. Nakashima(3) , M. Kitahara(4)
(1) Graduate Student, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, akito_iida@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
(2) Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, okd@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
(3) Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, nakashima@eng.hokudai.ac.jp
(4) Graduate Student, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, kingindou@eis.hokudai.ac.jp

Abstract
The severity of seismic damage to buildings is usually defined by assigning a damage degree to the main
structural elements, such as columns, beams or load-bearing walls. Nevertheless, past examples of earthquake
disasters have suggested that the probability of casualty occurrence strongly depends on the loss of indoor
space in affected buildings. From the previous point of view, the purpose of this paper is to define the
deterioration of survival space of a collapsed building as volumetric loss and to propose a new numerical
function of volumetric loss for the wooden frame structure building type, which is the most common type in
Asia. In addition, this paper discusses the relation between volumetric loss and casualties. Using the results of
this study, we have constructed a numeric relation between the volumetric loss index and the damage index,
representing the structural damage of a building as the W-Function of a wood frame structure. As the study
progressed, methods were developed to promote the strengthening of vulnerable building structure, reduce
casualties in collapsed buildings, and to support search and rescue activities.
Keywords: human casualty; wood frame building; volumetric loss of building; Beta distribution function

Paper N° 4048 S-Q1461773014

Development of a Rapid Safety Inspection System for Damaged Buildings

after Earthquake for Non-experts
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Yosuke Nakajima , Ryo Wakabayashi , Hiroshi Mori and Kaoru Mizukoshi
(1) Chief Engineer, Engineering and Risk Services (ERS), nakajima@ers-co.jp
(2) Division manager, Engineering and Risk Services (ERS), wakabayashi@ers-co.jp
(3) Senior Engineer, Engineering and Risk Services (ERS), mori@ers-co.jp
(4) Technical Adviser, Engineering and Risk Services (ERS), mizukoshi@ers-co.jp

Abstract
After the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in March 2011, Tokyo metropolitan government
established an ordinance in 2013 to require the business operators to prevent the employee to return
home at the same time and keep them in the office when the office building maintains its safety from
aftershocks. The main aim of this ordinance is to prevent the blockage of rescue and fire-fighting
activities by the traffic jam induced by the commuters heading their homes at the same time.
It has been said that probability of occurrence of Tokyo metropolitan earthquake within 30 years is
about 70% in Tokyo metropolitan area. The damage of buildings by the earthquake is predicted to be
more than several million. However, there are not enough building experts who are capable of
confirming the building’s structural safety after the earthquake. For the purpose of resolving the
problem, we have developed the rapid safety inspection system of buildings for non-experts. The
system supports building manager with no expertise on structural safety to judge the structural safety
of a building just after earthquake occurrence. This system consists of the “judgment of the extent of
damage with measurement”, which is to measure the seismic intensity and the amount of story drift
of a building with the measuring instruments, that is seismometer and simple story drift recorder
KEGAKI, installed to a building, and the “judgment of the extent of damage by visual inspection”,
which is for the non-expert to check damages after the earthquake using the inspection list created by
the experts in advance.
Rapid Safety Inspection, Measuring of building damage, KEGAKI system, Visual inspection, Non-experts