Technology Bulletin

No.: SMA-03-007-E
Date: 06/08/2017
SUBJECT: Guidon AGSSM Acid Guidance System

Table 1—Product Summary

Product SAP No. Package
101335854 55-gal Drum
HPT-1 polymer
101428952 Tote tank

System Components Specifications

Table 2—HPT-1 Polymer Physical Properties
Freeze point 18°F*
Specific gravity 1.0127
Density 8.44 lb/gal
pH 8.7
Odor Amine
Color Colorless to slightly amber
Physical state Liquid
Viscosity 12-25 cp at 75°F
Chemical activity 3% w/w
*Material can undergo multiple freeze/thaw cycles without damage.

Process Description
The Guidon AGSSM acid guidance system is the basis of a new service that complements virtually
any acid treatment to help ensure targeted hydrocarbon-producing zones are selectively acidized
relative to water-producing zones. This service uses chemical technology developed exclusively by
Halliburton.
The Guidon AGS system is placed in alternating stages with the acid throughout the entire treatment.
The system changes the effective permeability of the zones where it is adsorbed; the subsequent acid
stage is diverted to other zones. It is a solids-free diverter (as opposed to the plugging mechanism of
typical particulate diverters). The new system can be used for sandstone and carbonate formations.
The Guidon AGS acid guidance system offers the following advantages:
 Rig-less bullhead treatment; alternating stages of acid and diverter.
 Non-damaging to hydrocarbon-bearing zones.
 Helps to place acid where it is needed by selectively diverting acid away from water-bearing
zones.

NOTICE: This document is confidential, proprietary property of Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. It is supplied for use by
Halliburton employees only and shall not be copied, published, or disclosed in whole or in part without the prior written consent of
Halliburton.
© 2017 Halliburton

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 Does not require viscosity to aid in diversion.

 Solids-free.

Candidate Wells
Wells having the following conditions are possible good candidates for Guidon AGS treatments:
 Temperature: 80°F (27°C) to 350°F (177°C). (Note that 350°F is the highest temperature at
which lab testing has been conducted, it is highly likely that the material will function at
higher temperatures. Also note that at temperatures above 325°F, Guidon AGS treatments
should be used for temporary diversion only; long term reduction in water permeability
cannot be expected).
 Lithology: sandstone or carbonate lithology.
 Permeability: up to 6 darcy.

Treatment Design
Formulation Design
Temperature and permeability are used to differentiate the recommended treating concentration of
Guidon AGS Service treatments.
For permeability greater than 10 md:
 325°F and below—67 gal of HPT-1 component per 1,000 gal
 Above 325°F—100 gal of HPT-1 component per 1,000 gal
For permeability less than 10 md:
 For all temperatures—33 gal of HPT-1 component per 1,000 gal
Volume Design
The original recommendation for treatment size was to pump a volume of Guidon AGS Service
treatment equal to the volume of acid planned. After a significant number of Guidon AGS treatment
jobs were pumped it became apparent that in most cases this amount of Guidon AGS treatment is not
required. Based on job results/experience, two potential methods for determining treatment volumes
have evolved:
1. Calculate the Guidon AGS treatment volume based on 0.85 feet of penetration into the rock
matrix. For example, for a formation with 20% porosity and a 9 inch hole ID, 0.85 foot
penetration would be 6.4 gal/ft of Guidon AGS treatment. This volume would be based on
the entire interval length, and would be broken into stages as discussed below.
2. Use a Guidon AGS treatment volume equal to 50% of the acid volume for permeabilities
greater than 500 md. Use a Guidon AGS treatment volume equal to 30% of the acid volume
for permeabilities less than 500 md.

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However, for the first Guidon AGS treatment job pumped in a particular area, the best idea still may
be to start with a volume of Guidon AGS treatment equal to the acid volume, and adjust this quantity
in subsequent jobs, using one of the two methods above. In all cases it is recommended to pump
Guidon AGS treatment in stages. The volume of total fluid used in each stage should depend on the
number of stages. Since the first fluid pumped will enter the most permeable zone, less acid should
be used in this stage. Most of the acid should be used in subsequent stages to treat the lower
permeability zones (see Table 3).

Table 3—Guidon AGS Service Suggested Treatment Volumes

Treatment Process Stage % of Total Volume
st
1 30
Two-stage nd
2 70
st
1 15
nd
Three-stage 2 35
rd
3 50
st
1 5
nd
2 15
Four-stage rd
3 30
th
4 50

Mix Water
Guidon AGS treatment can be mixed in a variety of brines, with 2% KCl being preferred. The
performance of HPT-1 polymer is essentially the same regardless of the salt used. In all cases the
mix water must have a pH of 7.0 or higher before addition of the HPT-1 component. The approved
mix waters are:
 KCl up to 21% (9.5 lb/gal)
 NaCl up to 20% (9.6 lb/gal)
 NaBr up to 26% (10.3 lb/gal)
 CaBr2 up to 43% (12.0 lb/gal)
 CaCl2 up to 21% (9.9 lb/gal)
 NH4Cl up to 5%
The order of mixing for various brines is shown below:

For salt concentration up to 7%, or Seawater

1. While rolling the vessel containing the brine, add the appropriate quantity of HPT-1 polymer
(33 gal/1,000 gal, 67 gal/1,000 gal, or 100 gal/1,000 gal, depending on the BHST and
permeability of the well to be treated). A centrifugal pump can be used to roll the tanks if
desired.
2. Add 1-2 gal BA-20™ buffer/1,000 gal. The final pH should be in the range of 5.0 to 6.5.

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3. Check the pH and add more BA-20 buffer if necessary to lower the pH to the 5.0 to 6.5
range.

Note The final target pH range for all mix waters is 5.0 to 6.5. The pH must be lowered to at least
6.5, but a pH lower than 5.0 can be tolerated. However, using BA-20 buffer, it is unlikely
that the pH will ever fall lower than 4.5.

NH4Cl up to 5%
The HPT-1™ polymer should be added to the water first, followed by the dry salt, with adequate
circulation. After dissolution of the salt, the BA-20 buffer should be added to reach the target pH of
5.0 to 6.5. Alternatively, a high concentration solution of NH4Cl can be used and mixed as described
below.

CaCl2 up to 21%, NaBr up to 26%, CaBr2 up to 51%, NH4Cl greater than 5%

When mixing Guidon AGS treatment in these brines, it is necessary to start with a higher
concentration of brine and mix this with a diluted solution of HPT-1 polymer. Start with a brine
solution that is at least 1 lb/gal heavier than the target density. The density of 21% CaCl2 brine is 9.9
lb/gal, 26% NaBr brine is 10.3 lb/gal, and 43% CaBr2 is 12.0 lb/gal. Calculate the amount of water
and HPT-1 polymer necessary to reach the target density and HPT-1 concentration, and mix these
two together. Slowly add the brine to this HPT-1 polymer/water mixture, with circulation, followed
by BA-20 to reach a pH of 5.0 to 6.5. Following is an example with CaCl2.

Example
100 bbl of 67 gal/1,000 gal HPT-1 polymer in 9.5 lb/gal CaCl2, starting with 11.6 lb/gal CaCl2
1. In an appropriate container, mix 281 gal of HPT-1 polymer and 2,418 gallons of fresh water.
Mix until homogeneous.
2. Slowly add, with circulation, 1,500 gal of 11.6 lb/gal CaCl2 to the HPT-1/water mixture. Mix
until homogeneous.
3. Add 4 gal of BA-20 buffer. The final pH should be in the range of 5.0 to 6.5.
Mixing with Acid
Acid can be directly mixed into the HPT-1 solution if desired. At this point, only HCl (up to final
HCl concentration of 15%) and acetic acid (up to final acetic acid concentration of 10%) have been
tested, but it is anticipated that there will not be any problems with the other blends. Mixing is
similar to that for heavy brines mentioned above, in that the HPT-1 polymer must be prediluted with
water, followed by addition of concentrated acid. Below is an example for mixing 37% HCl with
HPT-1 solution, to obtain a final HCl concentration of 15%.

Example
100 bbl of 67 gal/1,000 gal HPT-1 polymer in 15% HCl, starting with 37% HCl
1. In an appropriate container, mix 281 gal of HPT-1™ polymer and 2,216 gal of fresh water.
Mix until homogeneous.

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2. Slowly add, with circulation, 1,703 gal of 37% HCl to the HPT-1 polymer/water mixture.
Mix until homogeneous.
Corrosion inhibition testing has been done in HCl and acetic acid, with MSA-III™ and HAI-404™
inhibitors on N80 and 13Cr metal, at 200° and 300°F. HPT-1 polymer did not significantly alter the
corrosion inhibition in any of the tests. For questions regarding other acids, inhibitors, or metals,
contact Duncan Technology Center (DTC).

Other Fluids
For any fluids other than those mentioned above, contact DTC.
Compatible/Incompatible Additives
Various additive compatibilities are listed in Table 4. These evaluations were made by adding the
additive to HPT-1 solutions and checking for haze/precipitation. This same check should be carried
out with the mix water and HPT-1 polymer to be used on the job. If excess haze and/or precipitation
occurs, do not use, and/or contact DTC (see contact information at end of bulletin). For the use of
any additives not listed in Table 4, contact DTC for recommendations.

Table 4―Additive Compatibilities at 6000 ppm HPT-1 Polymer Concentration in 2% KCl at pH of 5.6

200 gal/1,000 gal HPT-1

Additive Ionic Character
1% Additive 0.5% Additive 0.1% Additive

17N™ additive Cationic No No No

19N™ additive Cationic Yes Yes Yes
AQF-2™ agent Anionic No No No
A-Sperse™ dispersing aid Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
a
BE-3 biocide N/A — — Yes
a
BE-6 bactericide N/A — — Yes
Clayfix II™ additive (up to 5 gal/1,000 gal) Cationic Yes Yes Yes
b
GasPerm 1000™ additive N/A Yes Ye Yes
G-SPERSE™ additive Anionic No No No
HC-2™ additive Amphoteric Yes Yes Yes
Howco-Suds™ agent Anionic No No No
®
Hyflo IV M™ agent Anionic No No No
Losurf-259™ non-emulsifier Nonionic No No No
Losurf-300™ surfactant Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
Losurf-396™ surfactant Nonionic No No No
Losurf-400™ surfactant Cationic Yes Yes Yes
Losurf-2000™ additive Anionic No No No

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Table 4―Additive Compatibilities at 6000 ppm HPT-1 Polymer Concentration in 2% KCl at pH of 5.6

200 gal/1,000 gal HPT-1

Additive Ionic Character
1% Additive 0.5% Additive 0.1% Additive
®
Morflo III™ surfactant Anionic No No No
®
Musol solvent N/A No No No
®
Musol A™ solvent N/A Yes Yes Yes
®
Musol E™ solvent N/A Yes Yes Yes
NEA-96M™ surfactant Anionic No No No
Pen-5M™ agent Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
Pen-88M™ surfactant Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
Pen-88 HT™ surfactant Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
SEM-7™ emulsifier Anionic No No No
SEM-8™ emulsifier Anionic No No No
Sperse-All M™ agent Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
SSO 21-M™ additive Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
b
Stabilizer 434C™ stabilizer Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
SuperFlo III™ surfactant Nonionic Yes Yes Yes
a
Transcend-425 enhancer Nonionic — — Yes
a
Tested at 30 gal/1,000 gal HPT-1 additive.
b
Tested at 67 gal/1,000 gal HPT-1 polymer.

Treatment Considerations
There are no special treatment considerations for Guidon AGS. As mentioned previously, Guidon
AGS treatment should be pumped alternately with acid stages. There are no needs for preflushes,
overflushes, or shut-in times.

Field Mixing Procedures

Cleaning and Neutralizing Equipment
Equipment used for storing and pumping Guidon AGS service solutions must be clean. It must be
free of acid, crude oil, and particulate solids, such as cement or mud. This requirement applies to
storage tanks, measuring tanks, manifolding, suction hoses, and transfer pumps.

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HPT-1™ Polymer Concentrate Transfer Methods

HPT-1 polymer concentrate transfer methods include the following:
 Gravity feed
 Roper® pump (progressive cavity, rotor and stator)
 Moyno® pump (progressive cavity, rotor and stator)
 Lincoln® pump (piston pump)
 Sandpiper® pump (diaphram pump)
Transfer of HPT-1™ chemical concentrate from the drums could be a problem when the weather is
cold. Although the concentrate "appears" thin (approximately 16 cp), it is shear-thickening. For
example, a chemical transfer gear pump can render the polymer concentrate virtually immobile in
the pump and lines until the shear energy caused by the gear pump is removed. When the shear
energy is removed, the material reverts back to its normal viscosity.
If the temperature is below 50°F, it is recommended that the Guidon AGS treatment be mixed at the
yard in a transport and taken to the location the next day, to avoid long transfer times on location.
Mixing Methods
The Guidon AGS system can be batch mixed using the HPT-1 concentrate (see Table 2 for a list of
physical properties), or metered into the flow stream during the job, provided the proper equipment
is used (see the previous section "HPT-1 Polymer Concentrate Transfer Methods"). Note that a
separate metering pump must be used for the BA-20™ buffer, and the BA-20 buffer must be added
after the HPT-1 polymer. This method is only recommended for KCl and NaCl up to 7% and
seawater.

Quality Control Testing

For quality control testing of HPT-1 concentrate, verify the appearance and viscosity as follows:
 Appearance—The HPT-1 concentrate should be homogeneous, transparent to slightly hazy,
clear or slight amber in color, with a slight amine odor.
 Viscosity—Measure the viscosity of HPT-1 concentrate using a Fann-35 (or Chan-35)
viscometer and a #1 bob and spindle at 300 rpm. The dial reading should give a minimum of
10 cp at 72°F. For some samples the dial reading may be off scale; this is normal and is no
cause for concern.
Prejob Testing and Evaluation
If emulsion tests with produced crude are performed on the acid blend, also perform an emulsion test
using the diluted HPT-1 treating solution (prepared using the same water and materials that will be
used for the treatment) and the produced crude oil. Use the procedure outlined in the HES Best
Practices document "Emulsion Break Test," Procedure No.: WM-GL-HES-QM-311.040.

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Note Additive compatibility at lower concentrations of HPT-1 polymer may vary from the
information found in Table 4. HPT-1 polymer is primarily cationic at pH below 7, and
anionic at pH above 7. As a rule of thumb, compatibility can be predicted based on the
surfactant additive charge.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About HPT-1™ Polymer in

Guidon AGS Applications
Are there any special considerations regarding preparation of the polymer dilution?
When preparing the polymer dilution, follow these guidelines:
1. When transferring HPT-1 polymer concentrate into tanks, blenders, etc. for mixing,
progressive cavity pumps (such as Roper®, Moyno®, Sandpiper®, etc.) are
recommended, rather than gear pumps. The use of gear pumps (such as many chemical
transfer pumps) can input high amounts of shear, which causes the HPT-1 concentrate to
become extremely viscous (almost axle grease consistency). When the shear is removed,
the HPT-1 polymer concentrate returns to very low viscosity.
2. Verify that the pH of the mixing water into which the HPT-1 polymer is to be diluted is at
least 7.0. If the pH of the dilution water is below 7.0, HPT-1 concentrate will not tolerate
salt concentrations much higher than 2% KCl, and solubility issues can develop.
3. Add the HPT-1 concentrate, with adequate circulation to mix the polymer, followed by
BA-20™ pH buffer.
4. Verify that the treating solution pH is below 7.0 (preferably in the 5.0 to 6.5 range)
before the solution is used.
Can the Guidon AGS Service be mixed using an air wand?
No. It is recommended that air bubbling not be used to mix the HPT-1 polymer. The surfactant in
the HPT-1 polymer produces significant foaming when circulating with a booster pump and
flowing back into a transport. Using air as a mixing aid can cause a greater foaming problem.
If foaming is a problem during fluid preparation, what can be done?
Use water spray from a freshwater hose to keep the foam under control. If water spray does not
control the foam, add a small quantity of diesel or D-air™ agent to help reduce and/or eliminate
the foaming.
Is the HPT-1 polymer technology applicable in horizontal wells?
If the horizontal well contains abundant natural fractures, additional degradable particulate
diverters designed to bridge open natural fractures should be considered in conjunction with
HPT-1 polymer, if performing multiple acid-stage jobs intended to achieve maximum zonal
coverage.

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What is the effect of pH on mixing and pumping HPT-1 solution?

 During dilution of the HPT-1 polymer concentrate, if the mixing water pH is acidic, the
solubility of the polymer is greatly diminished.
 During job placement, if the pH of the treating solution is not acidic, the treatment will likely
not perform as desired.
 After adsorption on the rock (which is immediate), pH has little or no effect, regardless of
whether the fluid is an acid flush or a pH 10 frac fluid.
Can the HPT-1™ polymer technology be used in a CO2 environment?
Yes.
What is the upper temperature limitation for Guidon AGS applications?
There is no upper temperature limit imposed on Guidon AGS applications.
Does the lithology of the formation make a difference? Can HPT-1 polymer be used on
sandstone and carbonate/dolomitic formations?
The HPT-1 polymer in the Guidon AGS system is effective as an acid diverter regardless of
lithology.
In sandstone formations, HPT-1 polymer has an added benefit of reduced permeability to water
flow into the wellbore without hindering the hydrocarbon.
In carbonates, the primary benefit is diversion. The water reduction impact in carbonate
formations is a function of how "dirty" (i.e. amount of sandstone/clay) the carbonate rock is. In
lab tests using 100% carbonate, there has been little long-lasting reduction in water permeability.
In sandstone, when the BHST is lower than 325°F, reduction of water permeability can be
considered long-term.
How does Guidon AGS system work as a diverter?
With the Guidon AGS system, fluid enters predominantly the most permeable section of the
interval (usually the water-bearing strata). The presence of the Guidon AGS polymer reduces the
effective permeability of the interval to aqueous-based fluids (such as acids) significantly.
How does the HPT-1 technology act as an RPM?
It is theorized that water flow paths and hydrocarbon flow paths are separate (even in the same
capillary/flow channel), that water flow is close to the rock, and hydrocarbon flow is in the
middle of the capillary/flow channel, surrounded by the water layers against the rock surface.
The polymer attaches to the rock and diminishes the flow path of the water without significantly
changing the flow path of the oil or gas.
Does the HPT-1 polymer degrade with shear?
No.
Can the HPT-1 polymer be removed if desired?
Yes, because the interval will still take fluid, HPT-1 polymer can be removed using a solution
containing a strong oxidizer. In other words, its effect can be reversed if desired.

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Does the Guidon AGS system technology require shut-in time?

No, reaction to the rock is immediate.
Are emulsions a concern?
A surfactant present in the HPT-1 polymer concentrate should significantly reduce emulsion
problems. However, emulsion tests should be run using standard laboratory best practices. The
procedure and approved surfactants (if needed) are described in this field technical bulletin.

Health, Safety, and Environmental Information

HPT-1™ polymer is not considered a hazardous chemical, but standard PPE (gloves and eye
protection) should always be using during field mixing or laboratory testing. BA-20™ buffer, used
to lower the pH of HPT-1 solutions, contains acetic acid and may cause eye and skin burns.
Ensure that all personnel handling the product read, understand, and follow the precautions in the
MSDS for each chemical. Summaries of the relevant points and information on first-aid measures by
different exposure routes are contained in each product’s MSDS.
The MSDS for components of this service can be found at the following URL address:
http://msds.corp.halliburton.com

Table 5—HazMat Numbers

Product Hazardous Material Number
BA-20 buffer HM000095
HPT-1 polymer HM005121

Environmental Information

Important Some of the chemical components described in this bulletin have not been
environmentally evaluated according to OSPAR regulations and are not intended for use
in the North Sea area. Contact your country chemical portfolio manager to determine
which are available in your area.

Pricing
Guidon AGS treatment is priced per gallon pumped, for US pricing visit this link:
http://halworld.corp.halliburton.com/HES/HESBD/HESBDGA/HESBDGA_content/PriceBook/050
102_matl.pdf

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Technical Data Sheet

The Technical Data Sheets for many products can be found at the following link:
http://halworld.corp.halliburton.com/ps/Default.aspx?navid=90&pageid=196&folderid=MSE%3a%
3a1039614541679204

Contact Information
For additional information, contact:
PE Tech Services at: 580-251-2000 or FHOUPETECHSVCS@Halliburton.com
For a list of PE Tech Services contacts, visit:
http://halworld.corp.halliburton.com/internal/PS/pe/contents/Contacts/TechSvs_ProdEnh.html

Revisions
Bulletin Originally Issued: 2003
Approved By: DD
Revision
Revision Date Revised
Approved By
A Jan-2004 LE
B Dec-2005 LE
C Jan-2006 LE
D Feb 2008 LE
E June 2017 LE

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