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CÓDIGO: 151.2903.833
HUARAZ – PERÚ
2018
INDICE
RESUMEN ......................................................................................................................................... 3
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCCION............................................................................................................................. 4
I. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (FRASES CONDICIONALES) ......................................... 5
II. CONDITIONAL TYPES (TIPOS DE LOS CONDICIONALES) .................................... 5
2.1. ZERO CONDITIONAL (TIPO 0) ................................................................................... 5
2.2. FIRST CONDITIONAL (TIPO 1)................................................................................... 6
2.3. SECOND CONDITIONAL (TIPO 2) .............................................................................. 8
2.4. THIRD CONDITIONAL (TIPO 3) ............................................................................... 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................... 12
RESUMEN
La presente monografía busca mostrar un breve panorama histórico respecto (a las oraciones
condicionales) conditional sentences, a su vez establecer las ventajas y desventajas que tiene
esta modalidad educativa y mostraremos como se ha entendido y vivido la conditional
sentences, con el fin de establecer unas conclusiones que inciten a la reflexión y a la crítica
y mejora de léxico. También quiero aclarar cómo funcionan las condicionales. Las
estructuras condicionales, o if clauses, son mucho más utilizadas de lo que parece en el día a
día. Se usan para expresar algo que podría ocurrir (en presente y futuro) o que podría haber
ocurrido (en pasado). Además de una explicación de la gramática, también proponer
algunos ejemplos y ejercicios para practicar el condicional en inglés.
PALABRAS CLAVE: condicional, crítica, inglés.
ABSTRACT
This monograph seeks to show a brief historical overview of conditional sentences, in turn
to establish the advantages and disadvantages of this educational modality and show how
conditional sentences are understood and lived, in order to establish conclusions that
encourage the reflection and criticism and improvement of lexicon. I also want to clarify how
conditionals work. The conditional structures, or if the clauses, are much more used than it
seems on a day-to-day basis. They have been used to express something that could happen
(in the present and future) or that could have happened (in the past). In addition to an
explanation of the grammar, they also propose some examples and exercises for the exercise
in English.
Condition Result
Ejemplos:
a) Play
If you heat water to 100° C, it boils. / Water boils if you heat it to
100° C. (Si calientas agua a 100 ° C hierve.)
If I don't practice the piano everyday I play poorly.
b) Play
If I don't practice the piano everyday I play poorly. / I play the
piano poorly if I don't practice everyday. (Si no practico el piano
cada día toco mal.)
Does your mom get mad if you don't call her?
c) Play
Does your mom get mad if you don't call her? / If you don't call
your mom, does she get mad? (¿Si no llamas a tu madre, se enoja?)
Este tipo de condicional se utiliza para el futuro y en los casos en que es muy
probable que la condición pasará.
IF Condition Result
Ejemplos:
a) Play
If Bill studies, he will pass the exam. / Bill will pass the exam if he
studies. (Si Bill estudia, aprobará el examen.)
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach.
b) Play
If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach. / We will go to the beach
if it doesn't rain. (Si no llueve, iremos a la playa.)
Will you take the train if you miss the bus?
c) Play
Will you take the train if you miss the bus? / If you miss the bus,
will you take the train? (¿Cogerás el tren si pierdes el bus?)
Nota: Se pueden usar algunos verbos modales en vez de "will" para
cambiar la probabilidad o expresar una opinión. Para más información,
ver la lección sobre los verbos modales.
Ejemplos:
If it doesn't rain, we may go to the beach.
a) Play
If it doesn't rain, we may go to the beach. [*Con el uso de "may",
el significado de esta frase cambia. Ahora, el hablante reconoce
que puede ir a la playa pero no esta tan seguro de si irá.]
If it doesn't rain we should go to the beach.
b) Play
If it doesn't rain we should go to the beach. [*En este caso, el uso
de "should" expresa la opinión del hablante.]
c) Play
If it doesn't rain we can go to the beach.["Can" significa que es
posible ir a la playa, pero no indica la probabilidad.]
Ejemplos:
a) Play
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. / I would
travel around the world if I won the lottery. (Si ganara la lotería,
viajaría alrededor del mundo.)
If Rachel had more time, she would learn to play the guitar.
b) Play
If Rachel had more time, she would learn to play the guitar. / Rachel would
learn to play the guitar if she had more time. (Si Rachel tuviera más tiempo,
aprendería a tocar la guitarra.)
Would you be happy if you were to get married?
c) Play
Would you be happy if you were to get married? / If you were to get married,
would you be happy? (¿Estarías feliz si te casaras?)
Nota: Como en el tipo 1, se pueden usar otros verbos modales en vez de "would"
para cambiar el significado y la posibilidad.
2.4.THIRD CONDITIONAL (TIPO 3)
A diferencia a los tipos 1 y 2, se utiliza el tercer tipo de condicional cuando
hablamos de una condición en el pasado que no ha sucedido.
Utilizamos la Third Conditonal para:
Expresar como imaginamos que algo hubiera sido si las cosas hubieran
ocurrido de forma diferente. If he had left on time, he wouldn’t have missed
his flight. (Si hubiera salido a tiempo, no habría perdido su vuelo.) I would
have gone on holiday if I hadn’t been ill. (Habría ido de vacaciones si no
hubiera estado enfermo.)
Expresar nuestro pesar por algo que hemos o no hemos hecho o para ser
críticos con las acciones de alguien. If I had been more careful, I wouldn’t
have broken the glass. (Si hubiera tenido más cuidado, no habría roto el vaso.)
If he had followed the instructions, he wouldn’t have damaged the CD player.
(Si hubiera seguido las instrucciones, no habría estropeado el reproductor de
CD.)
En la main clause también podemos utilizar un verbo modal (could, might,
should, ought to, etc.) + have + participio en lugar del Conditional Perfect.
If I had been more careful, I might not have broken the glass.
IF Condition Result
Ejemplos:
If I had known then what I know now, I would have done things differently.
a) Play
If I had known then what I know now, I would have done things
differently. / I would have done things differently if I had known then
what I know now. (Si hubiera sabido en el pasado lo que sé ahora,
hubiera hecho las cosas de manera diferente.)
Suzanne wouldn't have had the heart attack if she had gone on a diet
as her doctor recommended.
b) Play
Suzanne wouldn't have had the heart attack if she had gone on a diet
as her doctor recommended. / If Suzanne had gone on a diet as her
doctor recommended she wouldn't have had the heart attack.
(Suzanne no hubiera tenido el infarto si hubiera hecho dieta como su
médico le recomendó.)
A. J. Thomson and A.V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,
1986
V. Evans, Round-Up (English Grammar Practice), Longman, 1995
M. Carling and S. Jervis, Grammar Time 4, Longman, 2003
S. Jervis, Grammar Time 5, Longman, 2003 - M. Carling, Grammar Time 6, Longman,
2003