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Adaptación de modelos para estimar la viscosidad de mezclas

multicomponentes de algunos crudos pesados colombianos

Article · January 2012

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2 authors, including:

Rolando Barrera
University of Antioquia
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 Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Surcolombiana

Adaptación de Modelos para Estimar la Viscosidad de Mezclas

Multicomponentes de algunos Crudos Pesados Colombianos

Adaptation of Models for Estimating Viscosity in Multicomponent

Mixtures with Colombian Heavy Crude
/LQD0DUtD2UR]FR&KLQRPH1, Rolando Barrera Zapata2*

Resumen
Se presentan dos nuevas correlaciones para el cálculo de la viscosidad de mezclas de crudos pesados colombianos con
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GLIHUHQWHVSURSLHGDGHVGHLQWHUpVHQPH]FODVGHFUXGRVFRORPELDQRVFRQGLOX\HQWHVDSDUWLUGHGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHVHQFDPSR

Palabras clave: crudos pesados, viscosidad, mezclas, análisis multivariado

Abstract:
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7KH ¿UVW RQH UHSUHVHQWV D PRGL¿HG 3DUNDVK PRGHO DQG SUHGLFWV ZLWK HUURUV ORZHU WKDQ  WKH YLVFRVLW\ PHDVXUHG IRU
PL[WXUHVLQFOXGLQJFUXGHVEHWZHHQDQG$3,DQGGLOXHQWVZLWKDIUDFWLRQLQWKHPL[WXUHEHWZHHQDQGZZ
RI$3,JUDYLW\EHWZHHQDQG7KHVHFRQGFRUUHODWLRQLVREWDLQHGIURPDOLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQRIYDULDEOHVVXFKDV$3,LQGH[
DQGYROXPHRIWKHPL[WXUHDQGUHSUHVHQWVWKH¿HOGGDWDZLWKDFRUUHODWLRQFRHI¿FLHQW52) of 0.95. Both correlations were
YDOLGDWHGZLWK¿HOGGDWDGLIIHUHQWWRWKRVHXVHGLQWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIWKHPRGHOV,QDGGLWLRQWKHSURSRVHGPRGHOVFDQEHHDVLO\
LPSOHPHQWHGIRU¿HOGFDOFXODWLRQVDQGHVWLPDWHWKHYLVFRVLW\RIPL[WXUHVZLWKHTXDORUKLJKHUDFFXUDF\WKDQRWKHUH[LVWLQJ
FRUUHODWLRQV7KHPHWKRGRORJ\XVHGWRHVWDEOLVKWKHQHZPRGHOVFDQEHHDVLO\LPSOHPHQWHGWRGHULYHRUDGDSWFRUUHODWLRQVWR
HVWLPDWHGLIIHUHQWSURSHUWLHVRILQWHUHVWLQ&RORPELDQFUXGHPL[WXUHVZLWKGLOXHQWV

Keywords: heavy crudes, viscosity, mixtures, multivariate analyses

1
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Revista Ingeniería y Región No. 9 Año 2012

1. Introducción

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FRQGLFLRQHVItVLFRTXtPLFDVGHFUXGRVSHVDGRVDXPHQWRGHYLVFRVLGDG\GLVPLQXFLyQGHODFDOLGDG$3,VHKDFHGLItFLOVX
UHFROHFFLyQHQSR]RVGHSURGXFFLyQDVtFRPRVXWUDWDPLHQWR\WUDQVSRUWHKDFLDUH¿QHUtDV\H[SRUWDFLyQ(QFRQVHFXHQFLDORV
HVWXGLRVVHFHQWUDQHQODFUHDFLyQHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDV\DOWHUQDWLYDVTXHSHUPLWDQIDFLOLWDUORVSURFHVRV
GHWUDQVSRUWHSRUROHRGXFWRVEXVFDQGRPHMRUDUODUHODFLyQFRVWREHQH¿FLRSDUDDSURYHFKDUODUHQWDELOLGDGTXHRIUHFHQORV
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SDUDHODMXVWHGHPRGHORVPDWHPiWLFRVSDUDHOFiOFXORGHODYLVFRVLGDGHQPH]FODVPXOWLFRPSRQHQWHVGHFUXGRVSHVDGRV
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posteriormente se adaptan nuevos modelos utilizando técnicas de análisis multivariado. Finalmente los modelos se validan
FRQGDWRVDGLFLRQDOHVVXPLQLVWUDGRVSRUODHVWDFLyQGHERPEHR

2. Metodología

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HVWDSURSLHGDGHQODVPH]FODVHVWXGLDGDVFRQHOPHQRUHUURUHQFXDQWRDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHORVGDWRVGHFDPSR\OD
PHMRUDSUR[LPDFLyQDOYDORUSURPHGLRHVWiQGDUGHYLVFRVLGDGF6W3RVWHULRUPHQWHVHSURSXVRXQDMXVWHHVWDGtVWLFRSDUD
UHSUHVHQWDUHQPD\RUPHGLGDORVGDWRVGHFDPSR

8
 Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Surcolombiana

Tabla 10pWRGRVPiVFRPXQHVSDUDODSUHGLFFLyQGHYLVFRVLGDGGHPH]FODV
Método
Entrada Modelo Parámetros o anotaciones
(año de publicación)

1 Arrhenius (1887) n.a.

2 Bingham (1906) n.a.

.HQGDOO 0RQURH
3 n.a.
(1917)

a = 1000
4 Cragoe (1933) b = 20
c = 0,0005

a = 14,534
5HIXWDV%OHQG,QGH[
5 b = 0,8
(1947)
c = 10,975

a = -21,8373
0D[ZHOO%OHQG,QGH[
6 b = 0,8
(1950)
c = 59,58959

a= 0,1749
b = 0,2681
7 Chevron (1) (1971) c = 0,0261
d = 0,4027
e = 0,0164

Chevron Método II
8 a = 1000
(1971)

Mezclas binarias
a = 17,04
b = 0,5237
9 Shu (1984) c = 3,2745
d = 1,6316

10 :DOODFH +HQU\ a = 0,01

Mezclas binarias
a = 0,35242695
%DUUXIHW 6HWLDGDUPD
11 b = -0,71154
(2003)
[ IUDFFLyQPRODUGHO
componente más liviano

a = 376,38
12 3DUNDVK b = 0,93425
c = -157,43

9
Revista Ingeniería y Región No. 9 Año 2012

Con µi = viscosidad del componente i

µm = viscosidad de la mezcla
XL IUDFFLyQPRODUGHOFRPSRQHQWHL
Vi = volumen del componente i
 ,&U,5,0,&,:+,3 tQGLFHVGH&UDJRH5HIXWDV0D[ZHOO&KHYURQ:DOODFH+HQU\\3DUNDVKUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
Ui = densidad del componente i
WL IUDFFLyQPiVLFDGHOFRPSRQHQWHL
a, b, c, d, e = constantes propias (parámetros) particulares de cada modelo
n.a. no aplica.

2.1. Selección de modelos

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6XWWRQ %HUJPDQ/RVPRGHORVHYDOXDGRVHQHVWHHVWXGLRIXHURQ&UDJRH5HIXWDV0D[ZHOO&KHYURQ,,:DOODFHDQG
+HQU\\3DUNDVK7DEOD

2.2. Ajuste de Modelos a partir de análisis estadístico

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VHDMXVWDURQXVDQGRWpFQLFDVGHUHJUHVLyQOLQHDO\QROLQHDOFRQHOVRIWZDUH0LFURVRIW([FHO3URSRQLpQGRVHPRGHORVDMXVWDGRV
TXHSUHGLFHQFRQPD\RUSUHFLVLyQORVGDWRVGHODVHVWDFLRQHVGHERPEHR

2.3. Nuevos modelos para predecir viscosidad en términos de variables medibles.

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DFHSWDEOHVTXHVHDQ~WLOHVSDUDHVWLPDUODYLVFRVLGDGGHODVPH]FODVHQWpUPLQRVGHYDULDEOHVPHGLEOHVTXHODVUHODFLRQDQ
GLUHFWDPHQWH$XQTXHVHXWLOL]DURQGLIHUHQWHVJUXSRVGHYDULDEOHVGHDFXHUGRDORVGDWRVGHFDPSRGLVSRQLEOHVODVPHMRUHV
FRUUHODFLRQHVVHREWXYLHURQFRQODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOYROXPHQGHODPH]FODODYLVFRVLGDGHO$3,GHODPH]FOD\HOtQGLFHGH
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UHJUHVLRQHVVHUHDOL]DURQVLPXOWiQHDPHQWHFRQHOVRIWZDUH0LFURVRIW([FHO\FRQHO6RIWZDUH6WDWJUDSKLFV

3. Resultados y Discusión

3.1. Comparación y ajuste de modelos de viscosidad

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medida en campo.

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Tabla 2.3RUFHQWDMHGHHUURUHVWLPDGRSDUDODVSUHGLFFLRQHVGHORVPRGHORVGHYLVFRVLGDGFRQUHODFLyQDODYLVFRVLGDG
medida en campo.

Modelo 3RUFHQWDMHGHHUURU
Cragoe 
Refutas 
0D[ZHOO 
Chevron II 
:DOODFHDQG+HQU\ 
3DUNDVK 

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HVHOPRGHORGH3DUNDVKSRUORWDQWRHVWHPRGHORVHVHOHFFLRQy\SRVWHULRUPHQWHVHDGDSWySDUDPHMRUDUHODMXVWHHQHOFiOFXOR
GHODYLVFRVLGDGHQPH]FODVVHJ~QORVGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHVGHFDPSR(ODMXVWHVHUHDOL]yFRQODKHUUDPLHQWD6ROYHUGH([FHO
WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDORVFULWHULRVLSUHFLVLyQGHOPpWRGRPtQLPRYDORUGHODVXPDGHORVHUURUHVDOFXDGUDGRLLFRQGLFLRQHV
GHIURQWHUD\LLLQRH[LVWHQFLDGHPi[LPRVQLPtQLPRVORFDOHV

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SDUiPHWURV RULJLQDOHV \ GDWRV GH FDPSR LL FiOFXOR GH OD VXPD GH ORV FXDGUDGRV GH ORV HUURUHV LLL PRGL¿FDFLyQ GH ORV
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GHOPRGHOR\GDWRVGHFDPSR\LYYHUL¿FDFLyQGHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVFULWDVHQHOSiUUDIRDQWHULRU

(OPHMRUPRGHORREWHQLGRFRUUHVSRQGHDXQPRGHORGH3DUNDVKPRGL¿FDGR(FXDFLyQGRQGHVHHOLPLQyXQRGHORV
SDUiPHWURVGHODHFXDFLyQRULJLQDOHQWUDGD7DEOD\TXHPHMRUDVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHODFDSDFLGDGSUHGLFWLYDGHODHFXDFLyQ
RULJLQDOGH3DUNDVKSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUORVGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHVGHFDPSRVHJ~QODFRPSDUDFLyQGHOFXDGUDGRGHORVHUURUHV7DEOD

(1)
&RQD E 

Tabla 3&RPSDUDFLyQGHODVXPDGHORVFXDGUDGRVGHORVHUURUHVSDUDOD(FXDFLyQGH3DUNDVK
HQWUDGD7DEOD\ODHFXDFLyQGH3DUNDVKPRGL¿FDGD(FXDFLyQ

Suma del cuadrado de los errores (FXDFLyQGH3DUNDVK (FXDFLyQ3DUNDVKPRGL¿FDGD

(UURUPtQLPR 0,4 0,2
(UURUPi[LPR 3,58 0,38
3URPHGLRHUURUHV 1,41 0,14

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GDWRVGHFDPSRHVLPSRUWDQWHFRQVLGHUDUTXHHOGRPLQLRGHDSOLFDFLyQGHODHFXDFLyQGH3DUNDVKPRGL¿FDGDDTXtSURSXHVWD
se restringe a la naturaleza de datos utilizados. En la Tabla 4 se muestran las condiciones generales dentro de las cuales toma
YDOLGH]DHFXDFLyQSURSXHVWD(FXDFLyQ

Tabla 4&RQGLFLRQHVSDUDODVFXDOHVSXHGHVHUXWLOL]DGDODDGDSWDFLyQGHOPRGHORGH3DUNDVK(FXDFLyQ

&RQGLFLyQ Rango de valores

$3,GLOX\HQWH 40-64
API de crudo 15-18
3RUFHQWDMHGHGLOX\HQWH 1,8 -8,8

11
Revista Ingeniería y Región No. 9 Año 2012

3.2. Modelo propuesto para el cálculo de la viscosidad:

3DUDHIHFWRVSUiFWLFRVHQ&DPSRHVGHVHDEOHXQDH[SUHVLyQTXHUHODFLRQHDGHFXDGDPHQWHODYLVFRVLGDGGHODPH]FOD
FRQSDUiPHWURVGLVSRQLEOHVSRUHMHPSORYROXPHQ$3,\HOtQGLFHGHODPH]FODUHSUHVHQWDQGRHVWHODUHODFLyQDGLPHQVLRQDO
TXHPLGHODYDULDFLyQGHXQFUXGRFRQODWHPSHUDWXUD(UQR&RQORVGDWRVGHOD7DEODH[FHSWRVX~OWLPDHQWUDGDTXH
VHPXHVWUDFRPRHMHPSORGHORVGDWRVXWLOL]DGRVHQODYDOLGDFLyQGHPRGHORVVHUHDOL]yXQDMXVWHPXOWLYDULDGRHQHOVRIWZDUH
6WDW*UDSKLFVSDUDSURSRQHUXQDH[SUHVLyQTXHUHODFLRQHHVWDVYDULDEOHVORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODQiOLVLVVHPXHVWUDQHQOD7DEOD

Tabla 5.(MHPSORGHGDWRVGHFDPSRXWLOL]DGRVHQHODQiOLVLVPXOWLYDULDGR2UR]FR

Viscosidad Volumen API ËQGLFHGHPH]FOD
254 1.080.256 18,3 166
289 1.042.321 17,8 172
265 1.068.058 18,4 158
253 1.096.074 18,5 164
234 1.149.614 18,6 166
249 1.169.631 18,4 165
258 1.192.126 18,2 177
218 1.219.352 18,7 170
252 1.068.589 18,4 168

Tabla 6.5HVXOWDGRVGHODMXVWHOLQHDOP~OWLSOH
Parámetro (VWtPDGR Error (VWDGtVWLFR P-Value
Constante 1726 273 6,32 0,0015
API -70,12 13,236 -5,299 0,0032
ËQGLFH -0,805 0,575717 -1,398 0,2209
Volumen [ [ -0,85 0,4337
R2 = 0,95
R2DMXVWDGR 
Error estándar de estimaciones = 5,52
Error medio absoluto = 3,37
(VWDGtVWLFR'XUELQ:DWVRQ 3 

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12
 Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Surcolombiana

(3)
FRQD E F 

3.3. Validación de los modelos

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PXOWLYDULDGRSRUHMHPSOROD~OWLPDHQWUDGDGHOD7DEODVHHVWLPyHOYDORUGHODYLVFRVLGDGFRQODVHFXDFLRQHVSURSXHVWDV\
VHHYDOXyHOHUURUPHGLRHQODFRPSDUDFLyQGHORVGDWRVHVWLPDGRV\ORVGDWRVGHFDPSR$PDQHUDGHLOXVWUDFLyQVXVWLWX\HQGR
ORVGDWRVGHYROXPHQtQGLFH\$3,GHPH]FODGHOD~OWLPDHQWUDGDGHOD7DEODHQOD(FXDFLyQVHWLHQH

Viscosidad=1726,78 - 70,1262 * 18,43 - 0,805072 * 167,8 - 0,000046 * 1068589 = 249,449

&X\R UHVXOWDGR PXHVWUD XQ HUURU SRUFHQWXDO GHO  DO FRPSDUDUOR FRQ HO GDWR GH YLVFRVLGDG PHGLGD HQ FDPSR
(252), es decir, el modelo es apto para el uso en la industria petrolera en el cálculo de la viscosidad en mezclas de crudos
PXOWLFRPSRQHQWHV\ELHQSRGUtDLPSOHPHQWDUVHHQHOFDPSRGRQGHVHWRPDURQORVGDWRVRHQRWURVTXHSURGX]FDQFUXGRVR
utilicen mezclas de propiedades similares.

4. Conclusiones

Se propusieron dos nuevos modelos para el cálculo de la densidad durante el proceso de mezcla de crudos pesados
FRORPELDQRVFRQGLOX\HQWHVFRQEDVHHQOLQHDPLHQWRVWHyULFRSUiFWLFRVVRSRUWDGRVFRQGDWRVGHFDPSRH[SHULPHQWDOGHOD
HVWDFLyQGHERPEHRGH$SLD\(%$\DSRUWHVGHORVPRGHORVPRVWUDGRVHQODOLWHUDWXUDSDUDHOFiOFXORGHHVWDVYDULDEOHV(O
PRGHORGH3DUNDVKUHVXOWyPiVDGHFXDGRSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUODYLVFRVLGDGGHORVGDWRVGLVSRQLEOHV

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UHFXUUHQWHPHQWHHQHOPLVPRFDPSRRHQRWURVTXHSURGX]FDQFUXGRVRXWLOLFHQPH]FODVGHSURSLHGDGHVVLPLODUHV

Agradecimientos:

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DFRPSDxDPLHQWRD/0&HQVXWUDEDMRGHJUDGR

5HIHUHQFLDV%LEOLRJUi¿FDV

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$O%HVKDUDK&B-DVHPB0BSGIFRQVXOWDGRIHEUHURGH

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+\GURFDUERQ-RXUQDORI,QVWLWXWHRI(QHUJ\9ROSS

 &XELGHV/13HxD3-6HQVLELOLGDGGHODV9DULDEOHV2SHUDFLRQDOHVHQHO7UDQVSRUWHGH&UXGR3HVDGRWUDEDMR

de grado), Bucaramanga, Colombia. Universidad Industrial de Santander.

 (FRSHWURO  6LWLR HQ LQWHUQHW GLVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSZZZHFRSHWUROFRPFRGHIDXOWDVS[ FRQVXOWDGR IHEUHUR GH
2012.

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0L[WXUHV,QGXVWULDO (QJLQHHULQJ&KHPLVWU\5HVHDUFK9R1RSS

13
 Revista Ingeniería y Región No. 9 Año 2012

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p.p. 53-67.

2UR]FR/0$GDSWDFLyQGH0RGHORVGH0H]FODV0XOWLFRPSRQHQWHVGH&UXGRV3HVDGRV&RORPELDQRVWUDEDMR
de grado), Bucaramanga, Colombia. Universidad Industrial de Santander.

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5HYLVWD*HVWLyQ\$PELHQWH81$/%RJRWi9RO1RSS

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Vol. 76, No. 11, p.p. 1049-1056.

14

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