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REFRIGERANT RECOVERY UNIT involved. Many nations hold the final custodian of
the appliance responsible for extracting the
A refrigerant recovery machine is a device which
refrigerant, requiring scrap yards and appliance
can be used to remove refrigerant from a cooling
recyclers to maintain records which indicate that
system such as a freezer, refrigerator, or air
they are handling refrigerant responsibly.
conditioning system. Refrigerant recovery and there
are a number of applications for these devices. Due Refrigerant recycling is environmentally important
to concerns about environmental pollution caused by because it reduces the need to produce more
the release of refrigerants into the environment, and refrigerants. Processing facilities are also slowly
ozone layer depletion due to choro-for a carbons removing and disposing of harmful refrigerants like
present in the refrigerant gas. So, every central AC Freon by taking the refrigerant out of old appliances.
plants and every refrigeration technician, and every Proper disposal is critical for older refrigerants
industry to need this recovery unit. To protect our which have been linked with damage to the Earth's
nation and our environment. atmosphere, and for modern refrigerants which are
considered safe, recycling still saves money and
Refrigerant recovery system is used when a system
reduces stress on the environment.
that leaks may be topped-up or repaired. Topping-up
may have a lower immediate cost, whereas repairing 2.1 Working Principe
the leak takes more time and therefore costs more.
Refrigerant Recovery unit based on working
However, in the long-term, the repaired system is
principle of vapour compression cycle.
less likely to leak thus the costs cease, whereas
repeatedly topping-up a system over months and
years results in a very high accumulated cost.
Obviously, preventing leakage and thus fewer
journeys to the equipment and better resulting
efficiency is much more desirable from an
environmental perspective. It is very useful in
industrial applications.
reduced sufficiently to allow the vaporization of the condenser and helically disposed around the
liquid at low temperature of about -100.C separator may be used to heat the separator. In
addition to the gaseous refrigerant recovery line, a
Vaporization:
liquid refrigerant line in series between the unit and
The low pressure refrigerant vapour after expansion
the storage tank drains liquid refrigerant from the
in the expansion valve enters the evaporator or
unit into the storage tank prior to operation of the
refrigerated space. Where a considerable amount of
gaseous refrigerant recovery line.
heat is absorbed by it and refrigeration is furnished
2.4 The Refrigerant Recovery System is When The
2.2. Components of Refrigerant Recovery Unit:
System is:
The components of refrigerant recovery unit are:
Repair:
1. COMPRESSOR Whether to repair and refill with the same
2. CONDENSER refrigerant.
3. FILTER
Retrofitting:
4. DRIER
Whether to repair and retrofit with a new refrigerant,
5. RECOVERY CYLINDER
and if so, which refrigerant to use.
6. PRESSURE GUAGES
7. WEIGHTER Redesign:
Whether to repair, and add refrigerant, but also carry
2.3 Operation of Refigerant Recovery Unit:
out other improvements to improve the reliability
A circuit for recovering refrigerant from a disabled and efficiency.
refrigeration unit consists a compressor in series
Replacement:
with a compressor for drawing gaseous refrigerant
Whether to replace the entire system with a new one,
from the disabled unit. The series arrangement of the
and if so, which system and which refrigerant.
vacuum source and the compressor provides
approximately -29 inches of mercury at the suction Type of refrigerant and its availability:
side of the vacuum source. If a system uses a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) then it
is likely to be difficult to obtain, or even prohibited.
A condenser in series with the compressor converts
The same will apply to hydro chlorofluorocarbons
the gaseous refrigerant into a liquid refrigerant and a
(HCFCs) in the future.
storage tank in series with the condenser receives
liquid refrigerant from the condenser. In one Severity of leakage:
preferred arrangement a valve system connected in For systems that have a history of high leakage,
series between the condenser and the storage tank perhaps due to poor manufacture or construction, or
allows the storage tank to be disconnected from the being positioned in a vulnerable location,
circuit without release of refrigerant from the tank to consideration should be given to replacing them, or
the atmosphere. The circuit may also include a coil redesigning/reinstalling the susceptible parts.
in parallel with the condenser and the compressor
Charge of refrigerant:
and helically disposed around the storage tank for
If a system has a small charge of controlled or less
cooling the storage tank.
available refrigerant, then it may not be so
problematic to retain it, whereas if the charge is
large then it would be sensible to replace it.
Availability of alternative refrigerant:
The choice of alternative refrigerant should ideally
be a substance with zero ozone depleting potential
(ODP) i.e. not a CFC or HCFC or a blend that
contains either. It should have as low a GWP as
possible.
Physical size of the system:
If a system is very large, replacing it with a new
system may require considerable cost.
Availability of expertise associated with the type of
system:
A separator may be connected in series between the Involved types of work or replacing parts or the
vacuum source and the compressor for removing entire system should only be done provided that
impurities from the gaseous refrigerant and another sufficient expertise is available.
coil connected in series between the compressor and
of the refrigerant at atmospheric pressure reduces refrigerant are well above the temperature occurring
the capacity of the system and lowers the operating within the condenser except CO2.
cost.
The air cannot be used as cooling medium in
FREEZING POINT: condenser for CO2 refrigeration system because the
Low freezing point of the refrigerant is necessary critical pressure of CO2 at critical is slightly above
because the refrigerant should not freeze under the required condenser pressure of normally
required evaporator temperature. The refrigerant operated system. The condensation of CO2 using air
must have a freezing point well below the operating as cooling medium is more or less impossible during
evaporator temperature. summer when the temperature of atmospheric air is
above the critical temperature of CO2.
The freezing point of most of the refrigerant are
below -30.C so that this property is not seriously LATENT HEAT OF REFRIGERANT:
considered for normal refrigeration systems. This High latent heat of refrigerant at evaporator
requirement is taken into consideration for selecting temperature is desirable because the refrigerating
the refrigerant when used for cryogenic applications. effect per kg of refrigerant will be high. The weight
of refrigerant required to be circulated in the system
EVAPORATOR CONDENSER PRESSURE:
per ton of refrigeration will be low if the latent heat
It is always desirable to have positive pressures in
of refrigerant is high. Thus also reduces the initial
evaporator and condenser for the required
cost of the refrigerant used in the system. The
temperatures, but the pressures should not be too
refrigerants with low latent heats can be used by
high above atmosphere. Too high pressures require
increasing the size, number and speed of the
the robust construction of the refrigeration system
cylinder if other properties are satisfactory.
which requires high initial cost and high operating
cost also. Positive pressures in a evaporator are B) SAFE WORKING PROPERTIES:
necessary to prevent the leakage of air and moisture In the section of the refrigerant, the safe working
into refrigeration system. The operating pressure properties of the refrigerant are the prime
range is one the major considerations in the selection considerations. There are few refrigerants which are
of refrigerant for the economical working of the highly desirable from thermodynamic point of view
refrigeration system. but they find limited use due to unsafe properties.
Ammonia is one of them which is used for limited
The selection of compressor for a refrigeration
applications.
system depends upon the selection of the
refrigerants for a particular job (required evaporator The safe properties of the refrigerant include the
temperature). followings:
Reciprocating compressors are commonly used with It should be chemically inert.
refrigerant having low specific volumes, high
It should be non-flammable, non-explosive and
operating pressures and high operating pressures
non-toxic both in pure state and when mixed
differences. The reciprocating compressors are used
with air in any proportion.
for the refrigerant given below:
It should not react with lubricating oil and with
NH3, CO2, F-12, F-22 and CH3Cl
materials used in construction of refrigeration
Centrifugal compressors are preferred for system.
refrigerants operating under low evaporator and
It should of the refrigerant in condenser should
condenser pressures and low pressure differentials.
be above the temperature of the coolant used in
High difference between evaporator and condenser condenser for positive heat transfer.
pressure results in high compression ratio. The
Few safe working properties are given below:
power required to run the compressor increases with
increasing pressure ratio and that is because of high TOXICITY:
compression ratio which requires more power and The effect of refrigerant on the human body is one
gives low volumetric efficiency. of the major considerations in the selection of the
refrigerant and that is because of the possibility of
CRITICAL TEMPARATIRES AND PRESSURES:
the leakage of refrigerant from refrigeration system.
The critical temperature of the vapour is defined as
Toxic nature of the refrigerant may cause the injury
the temperature above which the vapour cannot be
to the human body or death depending upon its
condensed irrespective of any high pressure. The
percentage in air. It increases and poisons the air
critical temperature of the refrigerant used should be
used for breathing.
higher than the temperature occurring within the
condenser for easy condensation of the refrigerant This is one of the major considerations in selecting a
vapour. The critical temperatures of all widely used refrigerant when the refrigeration system is used for
liquid and high specific heat of vapour helps in construction. The tendency of leakage is more
decreasing the superheating of vapour. A refrigerant predominant in high pressure side.
having both properties gives considerably high
A dense fluid has less tendency to leak than lower
refrigerating effect per kg of refrigerant.
density fluid. The possibility of leakage is more with
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: high discharge pressure side.
The thermal conductivities of liquids and gaseous
The leak of ammonia can be easily detected by its
refrigerants are required for finding the heat transfer
odour. The entire Freon charge may leak unnoticed
coefficients in evaporators and condensers. This data
because all refrigerants of Freon group are
is necessary for designing evaporators and
odourless. To overcome this difficulty, electronic
condensers. High conductivities of refrigerant in
leak detector is generally used in big refrigerating
both states are desirable.
plants.
VISCOSITY:
REFRIGERANT AND OIL RELATIONSHIP:
This property of refrigerant in both states carries
The lubrication of piston and cylinder, bearings and
importance for calculating heat transfer coefficients
valves is essential to reduce the friction and increase
in evaporators and condensers. This also helps in
the life of the unit. The refrigerant should not act
designing the pumping units of the system. Low
with lubricating oils the refrigerant. This property is
viscosities of refrigerant in both states are desirable
also important for the smooth running of the system.
for better heat transfer and low pumping power.
The miscibility of the oil and refrigerant (ability of
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH:
refrigerant to mix with oil) is an important
The electric resistance of the refrigerant becomes an
characteristic in the selection of the refrigerant. This
important factor when it is used in hermetically
Property is also important for the smooth running of
sealed unit where the motor is exposed to the
the system.
refrigerant.
The refrigerant NH3, CO2 and SO2 are immiscible
The dielectric strengths of different refrigerants
refrigerants. All freons, CH3CL, CH2CL2 and most
vapours are compared with dielectric strength of
refrigerants from hydrocarbon group are miscible.
nitrogen therefore, the relative dielectric strengths of
High viscous lubricating oils must be used with
refrigerant vapour are given by a ratio of:
miscible refrigerants as the effect of miscibility is to
Dielectric strength of refrigerant vapour reduce the viscosity.
Dielectric strength of nitrogen The relative merits and demerits of both refrigerants
are discussed below in the light of these effects on
D) OTHER PROPERTIES: the working of the system.
ODOUR: When the lubricating oil is carried by the refrigerant
Odour may be an average or a disadvantage to a of immiscible type, it forms a coating over the heat
refrigerant. Distinct odour of the refrigerant helps in transfer surfaces of the evaporator and there by
detecting the leak of the refrigerant. Some reduces the heat transfer capacity of the evaporator
refrigerants having specific odours spoil the which in turn decreases the load capacity of the
refrigerated products when they come in contact system. Some means must be provided to remove
with them. Refrigerants having irritating odours the lubricating oil before entering into the
cause panic and headache to the people. Some evaporator and leaving the compressor.
eatables as meat and butter which are highly
sensitive to odours lose their taste when exposed to The lubrication is provided with a mixture of
ammonia and sulphur-dioxide. lubricating oil and refrigerant in case of miscible
refrigerants. It is not necessary to provide oil returns
In small concentrations, ammonia has a pleasant lines and oil separating devices in case of miscible
odour but it becomes irritating with an increase in refrigerants.
concentration. Sulphur-dioxide has heavy irritating
and obnoxious odour even with very small C.O.P AND POWER REQUIREMENT:
concentrations. Methyl and methylene chlorides The requirement of power per ton refrigeration is
have sweet odour and it is non-irritating. The most important consideration from the economic
Freon’s 11, 12, 22 and 113 are more or less unit of view. Low power consumption per ton of
odourless. refrigeration is always desirable.
LEAK-TENDENCY: COST AND AVAILABILITY:
The leakage of refrigerant outside the system or The refrigerant must be available readily and with
leakage of the air inside the system is due to the lesser price. The cost of the refrigerant is not too
openings in the joints or flaws in material used for important in small amount of refrigerant is required
for make up in the event of leaks. The cost of
refrigerant is very important in high capacity Low side equipment can be readily added to or
refrigerating systems like industrial and commercial. taken away with no operating problems.
Different forms of refrigerant-circulating can be
The relative cost of the three commonly used
used incorporated into the main system, e.g.,
refrigerants are given below:
dry expansion, flooded, overfeed or
AMMONIA recirculation.
CHEAPEST Easier maintenance with no evacuation and
drying.
F-12 more
largest latent heat per unit mass combined with
expensive the smallest liquid density and low viscosity
F-22 most allows smaller liquid pumps and liquid supply
expensive lines in overfeed system.
The possibility of fire hazard with NH3 is
3.3: IMPORTANT REFRIGERANTS: minimum.
AMMONIA: The major engineering disadvantage of NH3 is
It is the only refrigerant from inorganic group which its high discharge temperature which requires
was used universally for many applications and still more efficient separators and can cause oil
used to great extent at the present time. It possesses carbonisation problems when it is single staged
many properties required for ideal refrigerant. It has with high compression ratios. However, this is
wide applications because of its low volumetric not a problem with oil injected screw
displacement. Low cost, low weight of liquid compressors which can operate successfully
refrigerant per ton of refrigeration and high with compression ratio of 25 down to suction
efficiency. Presently it is widely used in cold temperature of -45.c and condensing at 35.c. h
storages. Ice manufacturing plants and skating rinks toxic nature of NH3 is the another disadvantage
due to its low production and maintenance cost. as pigs were killed when exposed to
concentrations (5000 ppm) for half an hour.
FEW PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA ARE This can be avoided by making the system leak-
LISTED BELOW: tight.
It is toxic, flammable, irritating and food
destroying. CARBON DIOXIDE:
Anhydrous ammonia has no effect on CO2 is odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable, non-
lubricating oil but in presence of moisture, explosive and non-corrosive. It has all excellent
ammonia forms an emulsion with oil that causes properties therefore it was widely used for air-
operating difficulties. The formed emulsion conditioning hospitals, theatres, hotels and marine
becomes effective when the percentage of services where safety was the prime considerations.
Water exceeds 0.01%. It is not oil miscible Now days, it is replaced by Freon group and there is
therefore it will not dilute the oil in the crank hardly any installation except considerably old one.
case of the compressor. Presently its use as refrigerant is limited only for the
It is highly volatile and becomes explosive production of dry-ice.
when mixed with air and compressed therefore FEW PROPERTIES OF CO2 ARE LISTED
air leaks must be avoided in ammonia BELOW:
refrigeration systems. It is non-toxic, non-poisonous and non-
Ammonia attacks on non-ferrous metals in the flammable but causes death due to suffocation
mixed with air and compressed therefore air when present in large quantities.
leaks must be avoided in ammonia refrigeration It is chemically stable under all pressure and
systems. temperature conditions occurring in the system.
Ammonia can be used economically for -70.c It remains unaffected either with metals or oil in
evaporator temperature and its applications for the pressure of air and water, therefore, any
further low temperature becomes highly metal can be used with is refrigerant.
uneconomical and difficult to maintain low It is immiscible in oil and therefore will not
vacuum required in the evaporator. dilute the oil in the crankcase of the compressor.
Ammonia is commonly used in ice factories and
breweries without exception. The reasons for The major drawbacks of carbon-dioxide are bad
this have been well documented as follows: thermodynamic properties.
(a)Lowest running cost, FEW OF THEM ARE LISTED BELOW:
(b) smallest pipe lines The chief disadvantage of CO2 is its high
(c) Cheapest refrigerant, operating pressures under standard temperature
(d) leaks easy to detect. conditions. This requires heavy piping and
robust condenser and evaporator.
Another major disadvantage of CO2 is high different chemical structure [Butane C4H10 and
power requirement. The KW-power required isobutane has more advantages over butane as a
per ton of refrigeration using CO2 as refrigerant refrigerant.it has low boiling point and high vapour
is nearly twice than other commonly used density at atmospheric pressure compared with
refrigerant. butane. The compression ratio is low compared with
CO2 does not exist in liquid state at butane for the required temperature range.
atmospheric pressure as its boiling temperature
It is flammable in the presence of air. It is highly
(-78.6.c) at atmospheric pressure is far below its
miscible with oil. It has slight sweetish odour does
freezing temperature (-56.6.c) another major
not affect metals but does affect the rubber. It is
disadvantage of this refrigerant is the
popular with trade name freezol.
requirement of low temperature coolant in the
condenser because of its low critical The refrigerants of chlorine group of halogenated
temperature (31.c) hydrocarbons are better in thermodynamic
properties than the straight hydrocarbons.
SULPHUR-DIOXIDE:
SO2 was widely used for domestic refrigerator METHYL CHLORIDE (CH3Cl):
during the period 1920 to 1930. It is replaced almost It has many good thermodynamic and physical
by Freon refrigerants. It is colourless and suffocating properties which are required for an ideal
fluid. refrigerant. It has widely used for domestic and
commercial purposes in past.
SO2 has many disadvantage irrespective of its better
thermodynamic properties. Few of them are listed It is flammable and explosive when mixed with
below: air in concentrations between 8 to 17.5%.
It is corrosive to zinc, aluminium and
It forms sulphurous acid in the presence of
magnesium and it forms the explosive
water and sulphuric acid in the presence of
compounds with the action on these metals,
water and air which are highly corrosive to most
therefore these metals should not be used with
of the metals.
this refrigerant.
It has low refrigerating effect and high specific
It forms weak HCL in the presence of moisture
volume per kg of refrigerant compared with
which is corrosive to both ferrous and non-
other refrigerants therefore, large compressors
ferrous metals. Natural and synthetic rubber are
with higher speed are required with is
soluble in liquid methyl chloride. So these
refrigerant for same refrigerating capacity. Its
cannot be used as gasket materials with methyl
piston displacement is 2.3 times greater than
chloride system.
NH3 and 8.5 times greater than CO2.
It is oil miscible so oil return in methyl chloride
Its heavy irritating and high toxic nature even
system is simplified.
with small concentrations eliminate its use for
refrigeration used for human comfort METTHYLENE CHLORIDE (carren.1):
conditions. It is non-flammable and non-toxic. It is also non-
corrosive to metals in the presence of the moisture.
Sulphur dioxide is not oil miscible. Liquid SO2 is
This refrigerant was extensively used for air-
heavier than oil therefore oil floats on the top
conditioning theatres. Auditoriums and office
surface of liquid sulphur-dioxide which simplifies
buildings because of its safety properties. The
the problem of oil removal and return.
volume of vapour handled is considerably large
All hydrocarbon refrigerants are made from two (2.02 cu. m/min/Ton at -15.c) as evaporator and
elements, carbon and hydrogen. The refrigerants of condenser pressures are both below atmospheric
this group are highly explosive and flammable in the pressure. The centrifugal compressors are adopted to
presence of air. Most of them do not absorb moisture handle large volume of vapour at low pressure. Oil
and they do not attack the metals used. All of them miscibility of methylene chloride carries less
are extremely miscible with oil. The main importance. Oil and refrigerants do not come in
refrigerants of this group which are in use for contact with each other due to the use of centrifugal
different purposes are methane, ethane, butane, compressors.
propane, ethylene, and isobutene, ethane, methane
The refrigerants from fluorinated hydrocarbon group
and ethylene are used in low temperature
meet all demands of an ideal refrigerant. These used
applications, isobutene was used for domestic
for ultralow to high temperature ranges. The
purposes and now it is widely used in water
refrigerants of this group are normally non-toxic,
desalting plants.
non-irritating, non-flammable and non-corrosive in
ISOBUTANE: the absence of moisture. They do not act chemically
Butane and isobutane are made from same number with lubricating oil and maintain the required
of hydrogen and carbon atoms but they have
properties. The properties of few refrigerants of this gives 60% more refrigerating effect with F-22
group are described below. then F-12. This property reduces the size of the
pipe line required with F-22 compared with F-
FREON -11 (CCL3F):
12.
It is a fluorocarbon methane series. Due to the low
The pressures in the evaporator are above
operating pressures, centrifugal compressors are
atmosphere for the evaporator temperatures
used to handle the large volume at low pressure. It is
between -30 to 10.C with F-22 where the
non-corrosive, non-toxic and non-flammable.it is
evaporator pressure with F-12 are below
mainly used for air-conditioning office buildings,
atmosphere for this temperatures range.
factories, department stores theatres.
Toxicity of F-22 is about same as that of CO2
FREON– 12(CCl2F2): which we breathe all the time. The safe
This is most widely used and popular refrigerant of concentrations of F-22 is 10.0 ppm, where the
this group. It is commonly used for all refrigeration highest number for any substance except CO2 is
purposes (low, medium and high temperatures). It is 500 ppm.
colourless and odourless liquid. It is non-toxic, non-
F-22 can be used with all types of condensing
flammable, non-explosive and non-corrosive. It
units, water cooled, air-cooled, and evaporative type.
condenses at moderate pressure under normal
Normally the water cooled and evaporative type
atmospheric conditions and boils at -29.5.C at
condensers are designed for a condensing
atmospheric pressure. This property makes it
temperatures of 38.C corresponding to the pressure
suitable refrigerant for all-purpose refrigeration and
of 13.5 bar where as air-cooled installations are
it can be used with all three types of compressors. It
designed for a condensing temperature of 49.C
simplifies the problem of oil return as it has good oil
corresponding to the pressure of 18 bar.
miscibility. This refrigerant is commercially
available in different cylinders sizes. Generally 0.7 The major disadvantage with F-22 compared with F-
kg of refrigerant is required in refrigeration system 12is the high discharge temperature which requires
per cubic metre of air-conditioned space’ the water-cooling of the compressors head and
cylinder.
F-22 can be used with all types of condensing units,
water-cooled, air-cooled and evaporative type. The Freon family of refrigerants is one of the major
Normally the design of water cooled and factors responsible for the tremendous growth of the
evaporative type condensers will range between refrigeration and the air-conditioning industries. The
temperatures of 40.5.C to 43.5.C corresponding to properties of these refrigerant have permitted their
pressures of 8.65 to 9.25 bar whereas air –cooled use under flammable conditions as in petroleum
installations are designed for a condensing industries. A brief survey of fields of applications
temperatures of 54.5.C corresponding to the pressure served by this group of refrigerants is given in the
of 12.3 bar. table.
FREON -22 (CHClF2): Compressor
Refrigerant Applications
This refrigerant is also successfully used in air- Type
conditioning units and commercial purposes. It is
Freon -11 Centrifugal Air-
commonly used in fast freezing units where the
temperature requirement is -40.C. Now days it is conditioning
systems
commonly adopted for industrial low temperature
ranging from
refrigeration, as low as -90.C
200 to 2000
Freon-22 is miscible with oil at condenser tons in
temperature but rises to separate at evaporator capacity.
temperatures when the system is used for low Cooling
temperatures applications. Under these industrial
circumstances, oil separators should be used to process-water
insure to return of oil from the evaporator. The or brine. It is
solubility in water is three times greater than freon- used where low
12, therefore special dries must be used to remove freezing point
the water. and non-
corrosive
FREON-22 HAS SOME OUTSTANDING
properties are
ADVANTAGES OVER FREON-12 WHICH ARE
important.
LISTED BELOW:
The compressors displacement is 60% less with Freon -12 Reciprocating It is used for
F-12 compared with F-22 for the same Centrifugal the most of the
refrigerating effect, therefore, a compressors applications.
live from the surface of the ocean down to several potential emissions. Banks of HCFCs and HFCs are
metres below the surface could well be sensitive to being established as use increases. The management
increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Increased of CFC and HCFC banks is not controlled by the
exposure results in reduced productivity, which Montreal Protocol or taken into account under the
means less plant life and fewer fish harvested from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
the seas. Change (UNFCCC). The emission of these banks
could give a significant contribution to global
The Global Solar UV Index, developed by the
warming in the future.
World Health Organization in collaboration with
UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization, ADVANTAGES
is a tool to describe the level of UV radiation at the
It is use to store the refrigerants, because
Earth’s surface. It uses a range of values from zero
refrigerants are high cost.
upwards, taking into account all the factors to
we reuse the stored refrigerants.
indicate the potential for adverse health effects due
It is very useful to protect ozone layer from
to UV radiation. The higher the value, the greater
harmful choro-fora carbons present in
the amount of dangerous UV rays.
refrigerants.
3.6 Direct global warming of refrigerants: It is useful to protect our atmosphere from
global warming
The halocarbons, and among them the main
It is very low cost.
refrigerants, absorb the infrared radiation in a
spectral range where energy is not removed by CO2 DIS-ADVANTAGES
or water vapour, thus causing a warming of the
It is not suitable to small applications
atmosphere. In fact these halocarbons are strong
GHGs since their molecules can be thousands of APPICATIONS
times more efficient at absorbing infrared radiation
It is very useful in large industrial applications.
than a molecule of CO2. CFCs and HCFCs have
It is very useful to ‘AC’ technicians.
also a significant indirect cooling effect, since they
we reuse the stored refrigerants.
contribute to the depletion of stratospheric ozone
that is a strong UV radiation absorber, but this effect It is very useful in future to recover the banned
is less certain and should vanish with the reduction refrigerants.
It is very useful to protect our atmosphere.
of the ozone hole. The direct warming potential of a
molecule is proportional to its radiative effect and CONCLUSION
increases with its atmospheric lifetime. The direct
global warming effect of a given mass of substance This project is made with preplanning, that it
is the product of the GWP and the amount of the provides flexibility in operation.
emissions: this explains why CO2 has a much This innovation has made the more desirable and
greater overall contribution to global warming than economical. This project “REFRIGERANT
halocarbons, since the total mass of CO2 emitted RECOVERY UNIT SYSTEM” is designed with the
around the world is considerably more massive than hope that it is very much economical to recover the
the mass of emitted halocarbons. refrigerants and useful to small and large industrial
Direct emissions of GHGs may occur during the applications.
manufacture of the GHG, during their use in With the use of refrigerant recovery unit we can
products and processes and at the end of their life. recover the refrigerant from Any Repair or service
Thus, the evaluation of their emissions over all their or leakage systems (central AC systems).It is very
life, cycle is necessary. It is noteworthy that at cost but we fabricate it as very low cost.
present a large amount of halogenated refrigerants is
in banks (i.e. CFC, HCFC and HFC that have It is very useful to recover the refrigerants in central
already been manufactured but have not yet been ‘AC’ Plants because in that they use 50-3000 tons.
released into the atmosphere such as contained in By the using of refrigerant recovery unit, we protect
existing equipment, products and stockpiles, etc.) It the ozone layer from the
is estimated that in 2002, the total amount of choro-fora carbons present in the refrigerants when
refrigerants (CFC and HFC) banked in domestic they exposed to atmosphere. We can also protect
refrigeration, i.e. the sum of refrigerant charge the atmosphere from global warming temperature.
contained in all refrigerators in operation or wasted,
amounted to 160,000 tonnes. Despite the fall in the These systems are used for most of air conditioning
production of CFCs, the existing bank of CFCs, as and refrigeration applications such as comfort air
refrigerant in all RAC applications and including the conditioning industrial applications. It is very useful
amount contained in foams, is over 1.1 million in future to recover the banned refrigerants. It is very
tonnes and is therefore a significant source of useful in every house.