Philippine History Reviewer
Restrictive economic policies
Chapter 6 – Challenges to Spain Authority
Reasons for Revolution
Spanish imposed policies
 Bankaw Revolt – intolerance against the
friars
 Dagohoy – forced labor (his brother was
not given a Christian burial)
 Andres Malong – Return to his old
Religion
 Juan Dela Cruz Palaris – tribute
 Juan Ponce Sumuroy – forced labor
 Diego & Gabriela Silang – tribute, polo,
& wanted to engage in Galleon Trade
 Magalat – tribute collection
 Apolinario Dela Cruz – Religion
Reasons for Defeat:
1. Pockets of Revolt
2. No unity
3. Inferior weapons
Chapter 8 – beginnings of Filipino nationalism
Archbishop Manuel Rojo – acting gov.gen
when british bombarded intramuros, malate,
ermita and luneta on Sept. 22, 1762
Diego Silang – an Ilocano who rose in revolt. He
was able to expel Spaniards and declared himself
“King of Ilocos”
Gabriela Silang – wife of diego that carried her
husband’s fight but later captured and hanged.
Juan Dela Cruz Palaris – 1762 led a revolt in
pangasinan.
Reasons why economy developed slowly:
1. Incompetence of Spanish officials
2. Graft and greed
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3.
4. Constant quarrels bet. Civil and
ecclesiastical authorities
Jose Basco y Vargas – appointed gov.gen of
phil. In 1778 he encouraged the cultivation of
crops for export. (Indigo, coffee, cocoa, sugar,
hemp, mulberry, trees, spices and cotton)
Economic Society of Friends of the Country in
1781 and Royal Company in 1785
Basi revolt – one of the bloodiest uprisings ever
recorded during this period.
Laissez – faire or “Let – alone policy” – gave
full freedom to private individuals and firms to
engage in economic activities w/o much
interference from the govt.
Nicholas Loney – introduced the 1st modern
machinery that converted sugar cane into refined
sugar.
Factors that affect Filipino Nationalism
1. Rise of the Filipino Middle Class
2. Educations of some Filipinos
3. Opening of suez canal
4. Liberalism
5. Secularization
6. Cavite Mutiny
7. Execution of Gomburza
Inquilinos or the tenants – increase in
agriculture exports they began to accumulate
wealth.
Middle class – group below the aristocrat
Spanish officials, families and religious orders but
higher than the masses
Ilustrados – wealthy and highly educated
Filipinos
Insulares – Spaniards born in the Phil.
Peninsulares / Espanoles – Spaniards born in
spain, working and residing in our country.
Mestizos / indios – the rest / natives
2 events foreshadowed the developing He is the best governor general the
consciousness of the masses: Philippines has ever had.

1. Tagalong publication of Florante and Rafael de Izquierdo – appointed gov.gen in

Laura by Francisco Baltazar/ Balagtas.
– There was reference for the 1 st time to
the country as oppressed and in need of
freedom.
2. Revolt by Apolinario dela Cruz or
“Hermano Pule” in tayabas in 1841.
1871. “With a cross in one hand and a sword in
the other”
Regular priests – belonged to the religious
orders like Dominican, recollects, Augustinians
and Franciscans.

Confradia – disguised as aimed to revive the Secular priests – not members of any religious
ancient catalonan teachings w/in the Catholic order
Church. Friar – curates – member of religious orders that
Hermano Pule – so popular they called him the occupied parishes.
kings of the Tagalogs. Secularization / Filipinization – denying the
native clergy the right to administer the parishes
Schools:
occupied by the regulars
1. San juan de letran
Father Pedro Pablo Pelaez – leader of the
2. San jose
3. San felipe Filipino campaign to secularize the parishes.
4. University of santo tomas Father Jose A. Burgos – the one who succeeded
5. Others the leadership.
Schools of women: 1. Father Jacinto Zamora
1. Collge of santa potenciana 2. Mariano Gomez
2. Santa Isabel college 3. Toribio Del Pilar
3. Santa rosa college 4. Mariano Sevilla
5. Pedro Dandan
4. Others
6. Jose Guevara
Suez Canal in 1869
Cavite Mutiny on Jan. 20, 1872 – revocation of
 Shorter route and travel time bet. Spain the privilege of shipyard workers to be
and Philippines exempted from forced labor and from tribute by
 influx of progressive books and gov.gen izquierdo
periodicals
 liberal ideas Criollos – Spaniards born in Mexico and exiled
 Encourage many Filipinos to go to Europe. in Cavite.

Governor general Carlos Maria De la Torre in La Madrid – military sergeant who led it.
1869 – put into practice the liberal principles of Execution of GomBurZa: Feb. 17, 1872 marched
revolutionists in Spain. from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan Field.
1. Abolished censorship of press 1. Zamora
2. Abolished flogging as punishment 2. Gomez
3. Solved agrarian unrest 3. Burgos

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Chapter 9 – campaign for reforms 6. Education
7. Reforms in the jails
Propaganda Movement in 1882 to 1892 8. Abolition of diezmos pediales – tithe
consisting if one-tenth of the produce of
Cortes – Spanish law making body the land.
Assimilation – the move to make the Philippines JOSE RIZAL
a province of Spain and granting of Spanish
citizenship to Filipinos.  Born June 19,1861
 Studied in Ateneo Municipal and UST
Important Filipino Reformists:  Age of 26 wrote: Noli me Tangere or
1. Graciano Lopez Jaena – great orator Touch me not – exposed the defects of the
2. Jose Rizal – great thinker and writer Spanish administration
3. Marcelo H. Del Pilar – great political  El Filibsterismo or the Rebel – expressed
his political ideas and the coming of
analyst and journalists
revolution
GRACIANO LOPEZ JEANA  Founded La Liga Filipina – a patriotic
society
 Born December 18, 1856  Died December 30, 1986
 Placid Lopez & Maria Jacobo Jaena
 Seminary of Jaro to be a priest MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
 Later be a physician’
 Fray Botod – friar who is greedy, immoral  “the greatest journalist produced by the
and cruel purely Filipino race”
 Born August 30, 1850
 Founded newspaper: La Solidaridad
 Its 1st editor  Studied: College of San Jose and UST
 1882 founded tagalong Spanish
 Died January 20, 1896
newspaper Diariong Tagalog
 Become editor of La Solidaridad
 La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas
Aims of the newspaper: (Monastic Sovereignity in the Philippines)
 La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in the
1. Fight reaction
2. Stop all efforts that keep the Philippines a Philippines)
backward country  Died July 4, 1896
3. Extol liberal ideas Circulo Hispano Filipino (The Spanish Filipino
4. Defend progress Circle) – Revista Del Circulo Hispano – Filipino
(Journal of the Spanish – Filipino Circle)
Cruel Spanish writers:
Asociacion Hispano – Filipina in 1889 –
1. Pablo Feced
composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who
2. Wenceslao E. Petena
sympathized w/ the Filipino cause.
Demands of the Filipino Reformists:
Freemasonry – has an anti-friar character
1. Representation in Spanish cortes
Revolucion – a Filipino Masonic lodge in
2. Right to vote
3. Freedom of speech, assembly and press Barcelona in 1889
4. Freedom of commerce
5. Removal of friars in the Phil.
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La Solidaridad – another Masonic lodge founded
in Madrid
Nilad – a Masonic lodge in Manila in 1891
Aims of the organization:
1. Freedom and prosperity
2. Good government
3. Representation
4. Establish Philippines as a province of
Spain
35 Masonic Lodges in the Philippines
Walana – Women Masonic lodge
LA LIGA FILIPINA
Aims of la liga Filipina:
1. Unite the whole archipelago
2. Give mutual protection to all members
3. Encourage agriculture, Commerce and
education
4. Defend members against violence
5. Study and apply reforms
 Supreme council
 Provincial council
 Popular council
Monthly due of ten centavos
Cuerpo de Compromisarios (Body
Compromisers
Why the reform movement failed:
1. Officials in Spain were too busy with their
own problems to listen
2. Did not have necessary financial means w/
w/c to make their campaign effective
3. Reformists themselves are not united
4. Friars in the Philippines had influential
friends and supporters in Spain
Chapter 10 – Bonifacio and the Katipunan
KKK – Kataastaasan kagalanggalang na
katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan (supreme and
venerable association of the sons of the people) –
July 7, 1892
Triangle method – method of recruiting
members in the society
Enlisting of Members – change in recruiting
members based on masonry
3 primary objectives of the Katipunan:
1. Civic – self-help and defense of the weak
and the poor
2. Political – separation of Philippines from
Spain
3. Moral – teaching of good manners,
hygiene, and good moral character
The Katipunan Government
3 Governing Bodies:
1. Supreme Council / Kataastaasang
Sanggunian
2. Provincial Council / Sangguniang Bayan
3. Popular Council / Sangguniang Balangay
Judicial Council / Sangguniang Hukuman –
the one that passed judgment on members who
violated the rules of the society
of Katipunan Assembly – composed of the
members of the supreme council and the
presidents of the municipal and popular councils.
Secret chamber
- Composed of Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and
Pio Valenzuela
- Sentenced the members who exposed the
secrets of the Katipunan
Katipunan Elections:
1st president/supremo – Deodato Arellano
2nd president/supremo – Roman Basa
3rd president/supremo – Andres Bonifacio
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Membership: Laan
Mariano Ponce Tikbalang, Naning &
3 kinds: Kalipulako
Antonio Luna Taga-Ilog
1. 1st grade – katipon – “Anak ng Bayan” Marcelo Del Pilar Plaridel
2. 2nd grade – kawal – “Gom-Bur-Za” Jose Ma. Panganiban Jomapa
3. 3rd grade – bayani – “Rizal”

The Katipunan Flags: The revolution of 1896 / katipunan revolution

Benita Rodriguez – the one requested to make Bonifacio – a leading thinker of the revolution of
the flag for the Katipunan. 1896

Gregoria De Jesus – bonifacio’s wife who helped

Chapter 11 – the revolution of 1896
Benita to make the flag.

Katungkulang gagawin ng mga anak ng bayan Department of war – Php 6,500,000

/ Duties of the sons of the people – guide of the For Public Works – Php 628,752.46
katipuneros in leading a highly moral life that
bonifacio prepared. Father Mariano Gil – parish curate of tondo and
was the one who had earlier warned Spanish
Kartilla – 13 teachings by Emilio Jacinto officials about the existence of a secret society.
Women members of katipunan: Teodoro Patino – the whistle blower of the
katipunan and told it to her sister, the latter told
1. Josefa Rizal
the madre portera of the orphanage that advise
2. Gregoria De Jesus
teodoro to tell it to father marinano gil
3. Marina Dizon
4. Angelica Lopez Rizal Diario de Manila printing shop – where they
5. Gregoria De jesus found receipts and evidence pointing to the
Candido Iban & Francisco del Castillo – who existence of a secret society
won Php 1,000 in a lottery and gave katipunan the Francisco L. Roxas – an insulares was asked to
money to buy the printing press. support the society but resisted to help them.
Printing press was purchased for Php 400 Sitio Pugadlawin – a huge meeting was held at
Ulpiano Fernandez & Faustino Duque – 2 the yard of Juan A. Ramos, son of Melchora
Aquino / Tandang Sora the “Mother of the
experienced printers managed the press.
Katipunan”.
Kalayaan – name of the newspaper suggested
Cry of the Pugadlawin – Aug. 23 – where they
by Dr. Pio Valenzuela
tear they cedulas and shouted “long live the
Yokohama – as guise place of publication Philippines! Long live the Katipunan”.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar – editor First 8 provinces rose in arms: (gov.gen Ramon
Blanco issued a decree – under martial law)
Real name Pen name
Jacinto Pingkian & Dimas - ilaw 1. Cavite
Bonifacio Agapito Bagumbayan 2. Manila
Valenzuela Madlang - away 3. Laguna
Rizal Dimas Alang & Laong 4. Batangas
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 5. Bulacan Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja – succeeded
6. Pampanga Gov. Gen Ramon Blanco grew tired of fighting
7. Tarlac and asked to be relieved.
8. Nueva Ecija
Gov. Gen. Fernando Primo de Rivera – the
Those who would surrender w/in 48 hours will successor of Camilo de polavieja and took
not be tried by military court. personal charge at the military campaign

Rizal’s Execution – Dec. 30, 1896 Biak na Bato Republic – established by

Emilio Aguinaldo – young mayor of the town of
Kawit (“Heneral Miong”) and defeated general
Ernesto de Aguirre on Sept. 5, 1896
2 factions of Katipunan in Cavite:
1. Magdiwang – Mariano Alvarez – favored
the retention of katipunan
2. Magdalo – Baldomero Aguinaldo –
favored a change in the katipunan
structure.
Aguinaldo
Felix Ferrer & Isabelo Artacho – copied word
for word the Cuban Constitution of Jimaguaya
except one article.
Pedro A. Paterno – offered himself as mediator
to gov. gen primo de rivera.
Truce of Biak na Bato:
1st document – November 18, 1897

The Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897) –
agreed to form a new government.
Daniel Tirona – member of Madgalo and sain
that Jose del Rosario was more qualified than
bonifacio.
The result of the election in the tejeros
convention is null and void.
Acto de Tejeros (Minutes of Tejeros) / Tejeros
Resolution – it indicated the reasons for ejecting
the result mainly the fraud committed by the
magdalo people
Naik Military Agreement – another government
would be established
2nd document – December 14, 1897
3rd document – December 15, 1897
1. Aguinaldo and his men would go into
voluntary exile
2. Primo would pay Aguinaldo Php800,000 in
3 installments
3. Additional Php 900,000 to the families of
non-combatant Filipinos suffered.
General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac – who
was suspicious of Spanish motives organize an
independent government and a constitution –
Makabulos Constitution.

Colonel Agapito Bonzon – headed the party to

contact bonifacio.

General Pio del Pilar & General Mariano

Noriel – persuaded Aguinaldo to withdraw the
commutation letter for the reason that can’t be
divided at such time of war.

May 10, 1897 – major lazaro macapagal broght

them to Mount Tala and executed

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