FORESTRY WORK EXPERIENCE/HANDS- ON - TRAINING

ON
1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY-VILLAGE ATTACHMENT
2. INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT
AND
3. ATTACHMENT WITH STATE FOREST DEPARTMENT

Submitted to UTU Uttarakhand Technical University

For the partial fulfilment of the requirement of degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY

SUBMITTED

BY

MISHA HANGMA SUBBA

B.Sc. FORESTRY (7th SEM)

(2014-2018)

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

DR. M OHD MAQBOOL RATHER

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/HOD FORESTRY

DOON (PG) COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CAMP ROAD SELAQUI, DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND.
 REPORT ON
HANDS-ON-TRAINING
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY-VILLAGE ATTACHMENT
(SOMBARIA, SIKTAM, DARAMDIN) WEST SIKKIM

Submitted to UTU Uttarakhand Technical University

For the partial fulfilment of the requirement of degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN FORESTRY

Submitted by

MISHA HANGMA SUBBA

B.Sc. FORESTRY (7th SEM)

(2014-2018)

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

DR.MOHD MAQBOOL RATHER

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR/HOD FORESTRY

DOON (PG) COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,

CAMP ROAD SELAQUI, DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank Almighty God for blessing me with good health and wisdom to do this project
properly and smoothly.

I wish to express my sense of gratitude to Dr.Mohd Maqbool Rather, assistant

professor/HOD forestry, D.C.A.S.T. without whose suggestion and help this project work
would not have been a success. His valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragements will
always be remembered by me and I will be forever being thankful towards him.

I thank the Forestry staff members, Dr Vishaka Saxena, Dr Arti Khanduri and Mrs
Kalpana kukreja for teaching and guided us in every step of study and in social life and for
giving us such a wonderful four year.

I am also highly thankful to Doon (PG) College of Agriculture Science and

Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun for constant inspiration, encouragement for my partial
fulfilment of my B.Sc. Forestry course.

I also appreciate the help of Mr D.S Chaudhary (Chairman), Dr. Sanjay Chaudhary
(Director), Dr. R.R. Trivedi (Principal) and Dr Manzoor Ahmed (Dean Academics).

I also extend my indebtedness to my family and friends for their help guidance and
support without which completion of work would never have possible
With Sincere Thanks

Misha hangma subba

B.Sc Forestry 7thSem

 CONTENTS

Chapter Content Page No

Introduction 1
1.
Review of Literature 2
2.
Material and Methodology 3-5
3.
Result and Discussion 6-
4.
Conclusion
5.
References
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

The word SURVEY is derived from sur + vey;sur means ‘look’, vey means ‘over’
meaning by ‘lookover’.

Socio-economic is an organised attempt to analyse, interpreted the present status of a

particular village. The socio-economic status is depending upon the livelihood (daily living
status) of a person in its society. For a society in a village where the conditions of the people
are not suitable beyond expectation, it is very important to know there socio-economic status
and based upon that is required to organize various types of livelihood enhancement
programmed for their developments.(N.K Tripathi)

Socio-economic survey is an important part of education to know the status of the

people of various societies. The sole name of the economic planning of our country is to
transform the socio-economic condition of the people living in the rural areas. Since from the
independence of our country more than 45% of the population have settled in rural areas,
Where the problem of poverty, employment and improper living condition prevail and have
persisted for long these problem have not attain the adequate importance in policy made by
the government. Though there is some progress seen in the economic conditions of the people,
but the progress in the educational field is in very deplorable condition. (N. K Tripathi)

OBJECTIVES

1. To Study about the demographics of the village like total population, sex ratio
2. To study about literacy rate and educational status etc.
3. To study about,economic status, occupation, House condition.
4. To study about Livestock, and dependency on forest resources
5. To study the problems and needs of the villager.
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OFLITERATURE

Bwalya(2011) reviewed the contribution of forests and woodland resources to the

incomes of households living. The analysis showed that in addition to the subsistence use of
forest resources, rural household earns 30% of their cash income from harvesting and selling
forest products. The amount of forest income that households earn varies significantly across
study sites and was influenced by market and household level factors as well as the occurrence
and abundance of forest products.

Nichol and Brown(2003) studied that the social enquiry has been challenged in recent
years through increasing income inequality. The widening gap between the rich and poor
contributes to economic segregation among regions and neighbourhoods and has a direct
impact on public service delivery. This article examined the declining mobility, economic
segregation and education to demonstrate the relevance of socio class and socioeconomic
status to field of public administration.

Dlamini and Geldenhuys(2009) reviewed that a wide spectrum of non-timber forest

products (NTFPs) generally had a remarkable contribution to the household economy in rural
areas. Most communities make a living either through their domestic or commercial use. The
objective of the study was to review the current status of the NTFP sector and further compile
an up-to-date list of major use categories of NTFPs.

Tiwari and Kumar(2005) reported that there have been significant Changes in the
socio-economic matrix of the country over the past five year, which necessitated modification
and updation of the scale to make it use worthy. A provision for such updation every five year
has been kept in the scale.

Sharma and Goirala(2009) studied the forest resources use pattern to understand
villager’s dependency on forest in four temperate villages situated in two foresters sites
Garhwal Himalaya: Madal and Khaila in Mandal area, Chamoli District, and Chaundiyar and
Dikholi in the Chaurangikhal area.

Sambrani(1975) made a comparative study on the socio-economic conditions of the

tribal and non tribal’s of Gujarat. The study revealed that even 90% of the tribal’s belonged to
the category of poor whose resources yielded low income. The tribal’s were found worse off
than their non tribal counterparts in terms of education, skills and assets.
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL AND METHODS

Study Area:
Area selected for the extensive survey to determine the economic-status and living
standard of villages, are Sombaria, Siktam and Daramdin.

Location:

Figure1.map of Sombaria, Siktam and Daramdin.

Name : Sombaria, Siktam and Daramdin.

District: West Sikkim

Soil and Climate: The type of soil is acidic and rich in humus . Good for the crops grown
in this region. They occur in association with moderately shallow,
somewhat excessively drained, coarse-loamy soils which are classified
as Typic Udorthents.
METHODOLOGY:

Selection of study area: - The socio-economic survey was done on three villages
under Gram Prashasan Kendra Upper Thambong.

Selection of the Sample: -Mainly two forms of data were used i.e. Primary and
Secondary source. In Primary source, the data was collected from households, Gram
Panchayat and other concerned employees, while as, secondary data was collected from
census 2011, Gram Panchayat records etc

Data collection method:The members of the 66 families and their family head were
specially the main source for the collection of data.A questionnaire survey was conducted as
household level which includes general socio economic level, education status, and
employment status, dependency on village for fodder, fuel and firewood

Questionnaire Survey:I used the questionnaire method to assess the level of

dependence of the local population on the natural resources in the village located in the
designated area. Simultaneously an assessment was also carried out on the impact of
harvesting on plant structure and diversity in all of the villages. Using the questionnaire, data
was collected on socio economic parameters such as household size, occupation and the
harvesting and use of forests resources. This information was cross checked with local
resources. After collecting data from the respondent survey, necessary and relevant data
information was set aside for analysis of the data and to avoid the unnecessary information.

Questionnaire format
Name of the village Depicts the name of the village from which the family belongs
Head of the family Depicts the name of the head of the family being talked with
Total family members Depicts the total number of family members of the family
No. of males Depicts the number of males in the family
No. of females Depicts the number of females in the family
Total literates in the Depicts the total number of literate members of the family
family

No. of male literates Depicts the number of literate males in the family
No. of female literates Depicts the number of literate females in the family
Economic status Depicts the economic status of the family
It was divided into 2 main categories, APL & BPL

Occupation Denotes the main occupation carried out by the head of the
family
 House condition Depicts the condition of the house whether it is kacha or pakka
Domestic animal status Depicts the number of cow, chicken, goat raised by the family.
Dependency Source of Depicts the source of fodder used by the livestock of the
on fodder family It is being categorised into 3 categories: Forest, Market,
Forest Others
Source of Depicts the source of fuel used by the family. It is being
fuel categorised into 3 main categorises: Forest, Market, Others
Type of Depicts the type of fuel used by the family. It is being
fuel categorised into 3 main categorises: firewood, LPG&firewood,
Others
Demands of the village Depicts the need of the village people
people

Data Analysis: The collected raw data was put in the MS Excel to get the desired
values like percentage and different charts, diagrams etc. for comparison.
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Socio economic data plays a significant role in decision making & planning of various
developmental projects. The implementation & execution of development projects is mainly
dependent on the available information provided through socio economic surveys.

Population status:
Table 1:Population data according to census 2011.

Village Total Population Male Female

Sombaria 744 429 315

Siktam 940 570 370
Daramdin 580 155 135

Fig 2.Population chart according to census 2011.

1000

900

800

700

600
Total Population
500
Male
400 Female
300

200

100

0
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Fig 2.Population chart according to census 2011.

According to census 2011 ,Siktam, village has the highest population of 940 with
570 males and 370 females followed by Sombaria which has 744 population with 429 male
and 315 female and finally Daramdin which has 580 population with 155 male and 135
female.
 Table 2: Population data according to current study.

Village Total Population Male Female

Sombaria 130 67 63
Siktam 156 81 75
Daramdin 104 60 44

180

160

140

120

100 Total Population

Male
80
Female
60

40

20

0
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Fig 3. Population chart according to current study.

According to current survey, Siktam village maintains the highest population with 156 which
has 81 males and 75 females followed by Sombaria which has 130 population with 67 male
and 63female and finally Daramdin which has 104 population with 60 male and 44 female.
Literacy:

Table 3. Literacy data according to census 2011.

Village Literate Rate Illiterate Rate

Sombaria 73.76% 26.24%

Siktam 79.25% 20.75%

Daramdin 75.27% 29.73%

Fig 4. Literacy charts according to census 2011.

90.00%

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%
Literate Rate
40.00% Illiterate Rate

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

According to census 2011, Siktam village records the highest literacy with 79.25%
and Illiteracy with 20.75% followed by Daramdin village with 75.27% Literacy and 24.73%
Illiteracy, finally Sombaria with 73.76% Literacy and 26.24% Illiteracy.
 Table 4.Literacy data according to the current study.

Name of village Literacy Illiteracy

Sombaria 47.76% 50.73%

Siktam 53.25% 46.75%

Daramdin 49.27% 52.24%

54.00%

52.00%

50.00%

48.00% Literacy
Illiteracy
46.00%

44.00%

42.00%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Fig 5: Education status of the village according to study

 .
Education: - A well-developed Govt. higher secondary school is established in the
village in 2007, which is the reason for increase in literacy rate from 2011 census to the
current study.

Figure 5 village school.

Economic status:

APL BPL
VILLAGE
Sombaria 15(57.69%) 11(42.30%)
Siktam 20(76.92%) 6(23.07%)
Daramdin 17(65.38%) 9(34.61%)

Fig 6.Economic status chart.

30

25

20

15 BPL
APL
10

0
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Fig 7: Economic Status of Village

In village Siktam the Economic Status is high with 20 no. of APL and 6 BPL. In
Daramdin village the number of APL is 17 and BPL with 9 and in Sombaria village
the no. of APL is 15 following with BPL 11.
Occupation:
Table 6 Occupation data.
Village Govt job Private job Business Agriculture
Sombaria 44% 31% 15% 10%
Siktam 45% 30% 18% 7%
Daramdin 42% 33% 20% 5%

Fig 7.Occupation chart.

50%

45%

40%

35%

30% Govt Job

25% Private Job

Business
20%
Agriculture
15%

10%

5%

0%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

The number of people working in govt. sector is high in villages as compared to

business . The Sombaria village working in govt. job are 44%, 31% in Private 15% in business
and 10% in Agriculture. Daramdin village working in Govt sector is 42, in private 33%
,20% in Business and 5% in Agriculture which shows that the Siktam village has highest no of
people working in Govt. sector with 45% in Private 30% , 18% in business and 7% in Agri.
House condition
Majority of the houses located at the road side were multistoried concrete buildings,
due to its proximity with roads these houses were used mostly for commercial sources
such as shops, rents etc. Daramdin village has 50% kucha house and 50% pukka house
and in Siktam village 10% kucha and 90% pukka house and the Daramdin has 15%
Kucha house and 85% pukka house.

Table 7: House conditions of the village

Village Kacha Pakka

Sombaria 50% 50%

Siktam 10% 90%

Daramdin 15% 85%

Fig 8. House condition chart

 100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50% Kacha
Pakka
40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Majority of the houses were Pakka (Building) and minimum were made of Kacha(mud).

Domestic animal status:

Table 8.Domestic animal data.

Village No. of cow No. of Goat No. of chicken

Sombaria 12 10 55

Siktam 10 8 20

Daramdin 15 9 33

Fig 10.Domestic animal chart.

. In Sombaria nos. of cow is 12, 10 nos. of goat, 55 nos. of chicken. In Siktam village
the nos. of cow is 10, 8 nos. of goat, 20 nos of chicken. In Daramdin village the nos.
of cow is 15, 9 nos. of goat, nos. of chicken 33.
Dependency on Fodder:

Table 9.Source of fodder for livestock.

Village Forest Market
Sombaria 80% 20%
Siktam 10% 90%
Daramdin 25% 75%

Fig 11.Fodder source chart.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50% Forest
Market
40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Plate 4: Dependency on forest

In Sombaria village the Dependency on Forest for Fodder is 80% from Forest 20%
from market . In Siktam village the dependency on forest for fodder is 10% from
Forest 90% from market . In Daramdin village the dependency on Forest for fodder is
25% from forest 75% .
Dependency on fuel:
Table 10. Source of fuel
Village Forest Market
Sombaria 73% 27%
Siktam 0% 100%
Daramdin 68% 32%

Fig 12. Source of fuel chart

80%

70%

60%

50%

40% Forest
Market
30%

20%

10%

0%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

Sombaria village people has 73% dependency on forest for their daily fuelwood and
27% on market, followed by Daramdin with 68% dependent on forest and 32% on market and
finally Siktam which is fully dependent on market.

FUEL TYPE

Table10. Table showing types of fuel being used by the villagers.

Village Firewood LPG Others

Sombaria 75% 10 15%
Siktam 25% 70% 5%
Daramdin 35% 45% 20%

80%

70%

60%

50%
Firewood
40%
LPG

30% Others

20%

10%

0%
Sombaria Siktam Daramdin

MAJOR PROBLEMS:

After survey and analysis of the data collected, the surveying team found some major
problems being faced by the residents of the village which is ultimately hampering their
growth and progress. Some major problems are being discussed

(A) Proper road connectivity to every houses and farms are not available, which leads
to the poor economic growth of the village..
(B) Wild animals i.e.monkeys often attack their agriculture crop and hamper their
annual production as many villagers are dependent on their crop production and
on organic farming for their income as well as their livelihood.
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
According to the survey and the analysis of the information collected from the
villagers it is cleared that:

 The house condition of the villages were maximum Pakka house 90%.
 The Siktam has the highest population which is 156 total population than the other
villages.
 Literacy Rate is higher in Siktam village with 79.25%.
 The Siktam has the highest Occupation i.e govt job 45% as compared to other village.
 In Siktam the Economic status of the village are mostlty APL 76.92%.
 LPG is used highly in Siktam village.
 The livestock population of chicken is higher in Sombaria village with 55 nos and 35
nos. of cow which is highest in Daramdin village as compred to other animals.
 The source of fodder is generally derived from market 35% and others 40%.
 The source of fuel is mostly LPG 70% in Siktam village. The use of firewood is 75%
in all the villages.
REFRENCES

 Aggarwal O.P. (2005), A New Instrument (Scale) for Measuring the

Socioeconomic Status of a Family. 30 pp 65
 Baker, E.H. 2014. Socioeconomic Status, Definition. The Wiley Blackwell
Encyclopedia of Health, Illnes, Behavior, and Society.
 Bhavannarayana (2012). Dependency and usage pattern of forest dwellers on
Non- timber Forest products. Erudite Journal of Ecology and Environment
Research (EJEER), October( 2012)
 Bwalya, Samuel m, (2011). Household dependence on forest income in
selected rural communities. Inzambia United Nations Development
Programmes, Addis Ababa, Ethopia. Zambia social science Journal vol.2
number 1 (May 2011) article 6
 Gupta, D.( 2005) ‘whither the Indian Village –Culture and Agriculture in
“Rural India”,. pp(751-758)
 Oakes and Rossi (2003). The measurement of Socio economic status health.
 Rajan, K.R, (1980) “ Industralisation of Kerala, Problems and Prospects”
Aspects of Kerala Admimistration, (pp 93-98)
 Spilerman, Seymour. (2000). "Wealth and Stratification Processes." Annual
Review of Sociology 26:497-524.
 Van Leeuwen, M.H.D., and I. Maas. 2010. "Historical Studies of Social