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Morning report Desember 4th 2017 A.

Tumor paru sekunder (metastasis)


Tipe metastase paru :
Reporting : Female patient, 54 years old
Referred from : Internal department
With clinical information :Thyroidcarcinoma and Hemangioma
Asked for : Chest x-ray PA projection

The patient was an out patient, so we were unable to do the history


taking.

Chest X-Ray PA Projection :


The chest X-ray seems asymmetrical
- The heart is enlarged with CTR 60%
- Lung : there are multiple nodules with various sizes in both
lung
- Trachea position seems normal
- Right and left costophrenic angles are sharp
- Right and left hemidiafragma seems good
- There is no osteolitik/osteoblastik process
- Soft tissue seems normal

Conclusion :
- Multiple nodules with various sizes in both lung could be a
metastatic process (Coarse nodular type)
- Cardiomegaly
B. Jenis metastase paru berdasarkan pola penyebarannya :
1. Hematogenous (most common)
Pemeriksaan FNAB 10/08/2017 : Metastasis Follicular Ca
Pemeriksaan CT-Thorax 28/07/2017 :  Arrive via the bloodstream 
and usually produce two or more nodules in the lungs.
 Multiple nodul di kedua lapang paru dpt merupakan proses metastase  Multiple metastatic nodules are usually of slightly differing sizes indicating tumor
 Multiple KGB di supraclavicula kanan kiri dan parathrachea sub centimeter embolization that occurred at different times.
 Fatty liver  Frequently sharply marginated, varying in size from micronodular to “cannonball”
 Destruksi 1/3 proksimal os humerus kanan disertai soft tissue mass
masses.
Pemeriksaan MRI shoulder kanan 22/06/2017 :
 Destruksi di 1/3 proximal epi-metadiafisis os humerus kanan disertai soft tissue  Primary tumor sites that classically produce nodular metastases to the lung
bulging mass ukuran =/- 8,4x10,5x10 cm disertai bone marrow replacment di include breast, colorectal, renal cell, bladder and testicular, cervical or
1/3 distal humerus kanan jarak =/- 15 cm dari regio acromioclavicula joint endometrial, head and neck carcinomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and malignant
kanan, menginfiltrasi m. supraspniatus,mengencase a.circumflexa humeri kanan melanoma.
 Incidental finding : multiple nodul di paru yang tervisualisasi
appearance must be differentiated from that of a primary bronchogenic
carcinoma.

2. Lymphangitic spread
 The pathogenesis involves (1) blood-borne spread to the pulmonary capillaries and
then invasion of adjacent lymphatics, (2) obstruction of central lymphatics usually 4. Direct extension
in the hila with retrograde dissemination through the lymphatics in the lung.  The least common form of tumor spread to the lungs because the pleura is
• Tends to resemble pulmonary interstitial edema from congestive heart failure, surprisingly resistant to the spread of malignancy through direct violation of its
except, unlike congestive heart failure, it tends to be localized to a segment or layers.
involve only one lung.  Most likely produce a localized subpleural mass in the lung, frequently with
• Primary tumor sites that classically produce the lymphangitic pattern of adjacent rib destruction.
metastases to the lung include breast, lung, stomach, pancreatic, and,
infrequently, prostate carcinoma.
• Findings include: Kerley B lines, fluid in the fissures, and pleural effusions.

Notes :
- Miliary type : 1-5 mm
- Coarse nodular type : 5 mm – 3 cm
- Golf ball type : > 3 cm
3. Endobronchial
 Occurs rarely
 Common sites of primary tumors include the kidney, skin (i.e., melanoma), thyroid,
breast, and colon.
 Patients often present with cough and hemoptysis. The radiographic findings
consist of lobar, segmental, or subsegmental atelectasis sometimes associated
with post-obstructive pneumonitis. A hilar or central mass may be present. This
Penyebaran limfatik terjadi ke paru-paru, pleura, atau mediastinum.
Penyebaran limfatik terjadi baik secara antegrade melalui invasi limfatik
diafragma dan atau permukaan pleura atau secara retrograde dari nodul jaringan
limfatik yang mengalami metastasis. Penyebaran limphangitis tergantung pada
pertumbuhan tumor pada saluran limfatik, yang terlihat pada interstitium aksial (
peribronchovascular dan centrilobular interstitium ) dan interstitium perifer ( septa
interlobular dan subpleural

1. Hematogen (paling umum) • Tiba melalui aliran darah dan biasanya menghasilkan dua atau lebih
nodul di paru-paru. • Beberapa nodul metastatik biasanya berukuran sedikit berbeda yang
mengindikasikan embolisasi tumor yang terjadi pada waktu yang berbeda. • Sering dijejali dengan
tajam, bervariasi dari ukuran mikronodular hingga massa "cannonball". • Situs tumor primer yang
secara klasik menghasilkan metastase nodular ke paru-paru meliputi selaput dada, kolorektal, ginjal,
kandung kemih dan testis, serviks atau endometrium, karsinoma kepala dan leher, sarkoma jaringan
lunak, dan melanoma ganas.

2. Lymphangitic menyebar • Patogenesis melibatkan (1) penyebaran darah ke kapiler paru dan
kemudian menyerang limfatik yang berdekatan, (2) penyumbatan limfatik sentral biasanya di hila
dengan diseminasi retrograde melalui limfatik di paru-paru. • Cenderung menyerupai edema interstisial
paru akibat gagal jantung kongestif, kecuali, tidak seperti gagal jantung kongestif, cenderung
terlokalisir ke segmen atau hanya melibatkan satu paru. • Situs tumor primer yang secara klasik
menghasilkan pola metastase lymphangitis ke paru-paru meliputi payudara, paru-paru, perut, pankreas,
dan jarang karsinoma prostat. • Temuan meliputi: garis Kerley B, cairan dalam fisura, dan efusi pleura.

3. Endobronkial • jarang terjadi • Situs umum tumor primer meliputi ginjal, kulit (yaitu melanoma),
tiroid, payudara, dan usus besar. • Pasien sering hadir dengan batuk dan hemoptisis. Temuan radiografi
terdiri dari atelektasis lobar, segmental, atau subsegmental yang kadang dikaitkan dengan pneumonitis
pasca-obstruktif. Sebuah massa hilar atau pusat mungkin ada. Penampilan ini harus dibedakan dari
karsinoma bronkogenik primer.

4. Perpanjangan langsung • Bentuk tumor yang paling umum menyebar ke paru-paru karena pleura
secara mengejutkan resisten terhadap penyebaran keganasan melalui pelanggaran langsung terhadap
lapisannya. Kemungkinan besar menghasilkan massa subpleural lokal di paru-paru, seringkali dengan
penghancuran tulang rusuk yang berdekatan.

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