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Define disaster.
Meteorological disasters
Topological disasters Natural Disaster
Technical disasters
Industrial disasters Man made Disaster
Warfare disasters
Meteorological disasters
• Storms
Hurricanes, Cyclones
• Cold spells
• Heat waves
• Drought
• Smog
Topological disasters
• Floods
• Avalanches
• Landslides
Telluric and Tectonic disasters
• Earthquakes
• Volcanic eruptions
Bioterrorism
Deliberate use of infectious agents to cause harm
• Anthrax Attack
• Radio-nuclear attack
Accidents
• Emotional stress
• Epidemic of disease
• Increase in indigenous diseases
Pre-disaster Administration
• Know the age and sex distribution
• First aid and emergency care services plan
Disaster Planning Activities
• Pre-Disaster Planning Activities
For environment
Sanitation, improvement of physical and biological environment,
waste disposal
For people
Pre disaster organization
Staffing, public education, training
• During Disaster Planning Activities
• For people
• Medical Treatment, patient referral, transportation of victims to places
outside the disaster area
POSDCORB
• Planning
• Organization
• Staffing
• Directing
• Coordination
• Reporting
• Budgeting
Planning Disaster Management
6 major Steps:
1. Regulations
2. Information of area and population
3. Personnel
4. Materials
5. Information of health services
6. Information on previous disaster
Organization
• Lacking in developing countries
Disaster management
Prevention
Mitigation
Response
Vector control
Mosquito and Rodents
Ecological Changes
Altered ecology
Vector borne and water borne diseases
Stray animals and wild animal displacement- rabies.
Population Movements:
Introduction of new disease or vector.
In settlements - diarrheal diseases , measles, viral hepatitis,
whooping cough, malaria etc.
Interruption in Public Health Services:
Disruption of curative and preventive services.
Interrupted vector control - malaria, dengue
Interrupted immunization - measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria.
Altered Individual Resistance to diseases:
Malnutrition increases susceptibility to diseases
Rehabilitation
Restoration of basic social functions.
Providing temporary shelters,
Stress debriefing for responders and victims,
Economic Rehabilitation,
Psycho-social Rehabilitation,
Scientific Damage Assessment
Environment recovery
Infrastructure recovery (services and lifelines).
Reconstruction
• Rebuilding homes.
• Permanently repairing and rebuilding infrastructures
• Elements - Owner Driven Reconstruction.
• Speedy Reconstruction.
• Linking Reconstruction with Safe Development.
Disaster Continuum Model
Pakistan and Disasters
Pakistan
Administrative Structure
Pakistan consists of
1. Four provinces (Balochistan,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab &
Sindh),
2. One Federal Capital Territory
(Islamabad),
3. Two autonomous and disputed
territories (Gilgit Baltistan and
Azad Jammu & Kashmir)
4. Seven Federally Administered
Tribal Areas (FATA)
Pakistan has strategic location; sharing its border with China, Afghanistan,
RAPID Fund presentation for Effective Development Conference, Bangkok
Iran, and India
Country Context
Disasters in Pakistan
Geo-Physical Factors Major Factors
1. Heterogeneous physical features; (Mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, coastal belt)
2. Seismic belt; tectonic movements, leading to earthquakes and tsunamis;
3. 8th out of 197 countries with highest exposure to natural hazards
Hydro-Climatic Factors
1. Climatic changes; Continuous dry conditions leading to prolonged droughts,
2. Unexpected heavy rains, and excessive snowfalls, floods, landslides, and avalanches
Politico-Religious Factors
1. Insecurity and political instability; Conflict induced displacement
2. Religious diversity and fundamentalism;
Country Context
Disasters in Pakistan
Major Factors
Socio-Economic Factors
1. Uneven population density; Unplanned development in hazard prone areas; Poor
construction practices, Poor communication infrastructure.
2. High poverty; high rate of illiteracy & lack of awareness regarding disaster preparedness
and DRR measures;
3. 146th out of 186 countries on 2013 HDI; 22% of population lives on less than US$1.25
per day
Institutional infancy
1. Disaster Management Structure established after 2005
2. Lack of Early warning systems; Lack of preparedness and Planning; Limited institutional
and organizational capacity for disaster management
Pakistan
Hazard-prone Areas
IDPs off-camps
Total Individuals
1.1 152,515
IDPs
million
(@ 7 persons per HH)
IDP Population reflects the total number of displaced families verified
by NADRA
Stop Disasters
http://www.stopdisastersgame.org/en/home.html
Further Resources
National Disaster Management
Framework Pakistan
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/plans/National%20
Disaster%20Risk%20Management%20Fram
ework-2007.pdf
Disaster Risk Reduction Policy
DRR Policy - National Disaster Management
Authority(NDMA)
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/drrpolicy2013
.pdf
National Disaster Management Authority
Pakistan
(NDMA)
http://www.ndma.gov.pk/
Thank you