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\3«l"1 ~"4 ~ ~3lT ~ jCfilcilc>l ~tOd'< ~ \3«lI<;'1 af'l(fT, \3W1 ~ fiElcCfi, >lQTl1
~ ctt \:ffi TI2IT ~ 3i d 'm t I \3 '1 Cfi I "'1T'i' "Cfi""'<UT m (~ I'< q I'< Cfi '<
X 51C'flel'1 1>/l1ft1<1'1) ~"Cfi""'<UT ff<rn (*1ltO"lClIC'l X ~1\3'1 ff<rn) t I
~ ~f<p<11 -i'i 'r'f ~ ~ ctt TJT<lT ~ '4"m ~ 3!ljci~ICfi Tif <liT Wf"R fcl>m
\JlTdT t I ~3lT ~ 3!ljci~ICfi TT VM ~ \3«lI<;'1, >lQTl1 ~ ~, ~ 3id'<lC'l
~ ,<11 Fa ~ 3mTR <R 'iC"l1 iCfi '1 CBT<f; 'R TI2IT >n<:T ~ <liT ~ \Jj '1 '1 "§g "iI<l'1 fcl>m \JlTdT
t ~ >IT,{pr'iit"4 ~ 3!ljci~ICfi TT mI
3! q tufd '1 'fclf Q)f \3 "1 fa if) i( 0 I
~ ~ fm \JlTdT t I
~ ~f<p<11 "4 TJT<lT ctt W ~ '1W VM *1ltO"lClIC'l, ~1,<ql'<Cfi'<. ~ ~, fi'R ~<'<1IFa
TI2IT '4"m ctt ~ \JRt "j<f, ~ "'("]Cj'r, ~ ~ <'<11 Fa ~ -mit <liT ~ 41 'I fcl>m \JlTdT t I
~ \Jj '1 '1
"§g ~ <11 'I m
Cfl""R -mit <liT "iI<l'1 \3 '1 Cf>"l "'iTdT ctt ~ \3 «l I <; '1 af'l(fT (2000 Fcn C1l
>!ft'r ~ <IT 3!iWP) ~ 3mTR <R fcl>m \JlTdT t I 5-6 q)[~ 4\ ~ 6fT"<;" 3! CI filfd ~ ~
~~~ *1'iI'1 m~t I
15
~mt ~3lT <PI "ill!,,!
~ \3 c<1 I <; 'i cf; ~ ~ '!51 {) <; d "fl11IT \3 fl $ <nT'f -ij i)-g-c;- ~ m \iIT'1T ill f% ~ I
~ clFlfl l<1 c#i ~3ffi1 ~ xl ~ 4'!!4 1<'1Cl?l 'liT i) '<jPl~il\1 Cl?,'il 'il l f%~
c#i \3""ft
m ~ cf; ~ llT1T ,'!5I 'i I ~ <IT iffl" "flTfip cIT "fj"[(>f "IX ~ \3 c<1 I <; 'i <g "flCf; TIm \3""ft
'&'l "Cl?T 3fi'.m ~ 'lit f'1c;f "flCf; I 4 ,!!4 I W!i ~ ~w 'liT ~ af?IT xl 3l~ ~
itC'fT xl '!51{)<; flCl?d ~ I ~ ~3IT"Cl?T <nT'f \3'iCf>~ ~ fcl~l ~\1 I W, iFi1'i'i Wf\1T TIm
~ \3 c<1 I <; 'i lR 3nmftn~1'1T 'il l f% ~ I
~ ~ 'liT <nT'f ~"fl11IT 4 'g4 I <'1 i'fi 'liT PI "1 fc;j f& \1 <n<TI "Cl?T M I<'1 ,'!5I 'i I 'il l f% ~ I
• ~"Cl?T <nT'f \3,1$ l1T<1l, fi'tm,GTCfr '0i ~ cf; ~ \3c<1 I<;'i Wf\1T cf; Ri'fi'iJ
~ cf; orrc; fuRrr VlT'iT 'il l f% ~
• ~ i)-g-c;- ~ ~ "Cl?T iI'iT 'il l f% ~ TIm "\3"fj ~ -ij \3 fl <iii ~ cf; xm 'JOT ~
b1 ~ fl <iii gf&: 4 '!!4 1<'1 i'fi 'liT ~ i'fi,..fI 'il l f% ~ I
L_ _ ._._ _ _ _ _ _ _______._.J
~
• ~ 'TIT iI'iT 'ill f% ~ I 4 '!!4 I <'1 i'fi 'liT g ~ ~II 4 g Jl <IT ~ GI:!iTI q\1 llT1T iffl" 'liT
'!5I{)<;'i 1 'il l f%~ "flTfip cIT 3J1'Tc'! ~ 1:Jffl GI:!iTI -ij ,,<11<;1 xl "<1 1<; 1 c;;q \3c<1 I<;'i
cR I 4,!!4 1<'1i'fi m
cf; ~ fi'1'ii'fi' 3l~ <:To ~'!5Ii'fi' ~ q\1 \311 "Cl?T trill C11TI
fl i'fid ~ I 2 crt c#i \311 cf; orrc; m
lR >ffi'r crt 10!i \J <"<"I I 'f'i' \iIT\11 ~ I
16
~ ~ 3f'l< ~ cf; "ff\";r ~ ~ m'3 f1 $1 '31! 5 "f1T('[ qjt ~ I ~ ~ ~ cf;
~ GTffi <liT q 6 C'i I \IItsr 2 "ft 2.5 "f1T('[ qjt '31! l'i f.'l Cf> C'i (11 ~ 3itx '3 f1 cil <rR >® <rf
'fCI> ~ ~ \iffilT ~ I q ~q IC'i Cf> 3-4 <rf cf; ~ <liT ~ CfR f1 Cf>d ~ I
• ~ <liT m'R 3WT "ft q (1 C'i I (1m q')U "ft >iIcT 6'RT 'ill rg t:( I ~ <liT m ~. ~
'iI '"1 $1 c1l . ~ ~ 'fCi q (1 <11.q f1 fc1 <1 i ~ 3ltf 'i'I C'i ICf> I< (1m 1:fto ~ "ft xfufi
~ 'ill rg t:( I '3 f1 C!>l Ci'fC!T q (1 c1l 3itx 'iI '"1 $1 c1l ~ 'ill rg t:( I
• ~ cf; WR 3Tmt ~ Fc1 Cf> R1 (1 (1m WR cf; "iI'ffi '1J1T iN I I< l'i ~ 3itx C'i -41 C'i I 6'RT 'ill rg t:( (1m \R"i ~ ~ I< Iq~ ~ ~ 'ill rg t:( I
• ~ cf; :2.f'1 ~. ~ l'i 3!1f11"1 (1m <1<1<1< C'iRlI~ cf; 5R 'illrgt:( I "iI'ffi :2.f'1 Tffi:
3fC'ilT 3fC'ilT 5R 'ill rg t:( (1m ~ qjt 1m "iI'ffi ~ qjt 'fCI> f11 '"11 "I ~ 'ill rg t:( I
• ~ <liT "'" "ft "'" "ff\";r 'IT< ~ f.'l Cf> IC'i Cf> < ~ ~ 'ill rg t:( (1m f.'l '"1 fc1 RSl (1 'iff<'IT tf{
'CZIR ~ 'ill rg t:(
• l'ff C'i "!6T ~ 'lIT "ltf
• ~ cf; fit;n ~ ~ ~ ~ 'lIT "ltf
• ~ <";16 d 'f1l1[! 'ifi1ft 'C'il(f m"ltf '"11< d1 ~
• q~qlC'iCf> em ~ cf; fi'lt§<'1 >I\i1"1"1 l'l<";~\"1 cf; <rR l'i \i11"1Cf>I~ ~ 'illrgt:( (1m ~
~ <liT ~ Cf>< "II 'ill rg t:( ~ f1 $1 >I \i1 "I "I IWmf 3Tmt mI
• ~ qjt "iIl'<T m ~ 3itx '"1 \i1 'i(1 ~ 'ill rg t:( I q ~q IC'i Cf>1 em ~ em 'iI C'i ICf>< 'lfr
~'!!l"ll 'illrgt:( I
• ~ fi iii I'"1 Cf> ",l '"11 fNi "ft 1'I R1 (1 ~ m. f11 '"11 "ll ~ 3fC.m m3itx f.'l <1 ~ (1 'Wl "ft
'3f1Cf>1 e1Cf>ICf><ol 'S3lT mI
•••
17
• W <111 0i!1 1:[~ :3!fE,R
• ~ 1:[~.m cP[ :3!fE,R "IIOiElGf

• R <IR cP[ -m1ftUT
• ~ <IR cP[ ~<OII 3qill~
tt I '"II ""'ll "!fllfUT fsp III
~ '!l IM'1 cnr ~ 'u,<'<!,!"\ ~ ~ cnr q)qui /3l]l:R ~
~ '3<'1 1<;'1 cmlf¢
cffr cgc;T ('11' 1<1 cnr 60-70 >lR1~ I <1 "&'4 3l]l:R 'R 6Till ~ I ~ m
3l]l:R cnr eft >lif)I~ it
~ «1 %'1 if) ~ <1 1 ~ I q!" C'll ,,«1 '11 C'l \3"it m
-mR <fiT -.r'1T\'~, ~ II ~ Rif) affi1 <fiT 'I'T
m l0i 3R< fi\Rrr31T <fiT m if crm s;m l ~"4'1 1 C'l m '3<'1 1<;'1 <fiT -.r'1T\' ~ ci>
~ if)~<1 1 ~ I
• ~ ~31T cffr it fcI~lq<11 N<fi ~ q\T cIT ~ 3l]l:R 'W'T m ci> <!R m ~
if <'I ~ ~, \3"it 1fif)?[ m ~ ~ \3"it 'II q '(i m ~ if <'I \ill if) ~ \3"it i1 ~ 18 t.
~ I~ if) m cIT q Ii1 '1 ~ if 311 fll..fl it fur "Wf; 3iR iNll'i it 4~ ~ if) mcIT
~ "<11fc!>
cnr 31C1~I'iq UI (abso rption) l?t"Wf; I""" >I fiplll <fiT '1'11<:11 if)~'11 ~ ~ I
• ~31T ci> 3l]l:R m cnr cprif ~ it ~ 6Till ~ I '3 ~1 cB <!R 'iI ~ I '11 , f.1' 1C'l '1 1,
'1'IIc11 if)~'1 1 crm 1:fiI S'i ~ ci> 31C1~ I'iqu l q\T fipll l ~ N<fi ~ I
• q I'iI '1 ci?r if m crrc;ft ~ fip III ~ Rn '1 cB &ffi i!gXl if) 31 'I ~ nqUI <itTIl N<fi ~, q I'iI '1
if)!"C'l1C11 ~ I
• x'r+iclT 312m '1'IIc11 m crrc't ~31T cnr 311'11~ 1 1l ~ '1T'll it R1C'lif)~ -.pf(fj ~ I
~ '1T'll if \J11Cl I'j31T q\T MIl<11 it ~1'iC'l'i\il 3iR ~ \lffi qc;rm
<fiT oft G"'iIT
fu<:rr "\J1T<1T ~ I
• "'i"'f ~31T cnr ql'il'1 ci?r ~ '1T'll it 'AT 6Till ~ ']6, ~1fl'1 <,\1, m/>f~
31 1'11 ~11l, ~~'!), C'l'1 / F& C111l 311 '11 ~ 1 1l, 3i'i ~ W1j ~ 311 '11 ~ 1 1l, ~~I ~\il '1 / '<'ITIti
31 1'11~11l , mtr 3Ii<f, ~ 3Ii<f 3iR '1C'lI~11l /:JGl I
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19
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~ <liT il~Iif)~ ~ l0i 41il'i ~ ~'illil ~ I
• '11 fl 'i <:1'1 "Cf)PlJTlf 31TN'[ <liT m (!Cf) 4 Sill 'i I itctT t I
• ~ 311'11 ~ I<l <liT ~ 'RIT rg'Rll itctT t
I ~ 31TN'[ <liT 1fCf) "flT2l" 'l$ll if) ~ ~ i!
Vf'lT~ctHTIm"ifT"G i! '1'11<:1'1 &ffi~~ 41il'i ~<ATCH I ~i! ~
\if)ClI'j *' >llC:l\iflClI 1:JT!i "\iITCf t "\ill ~~l(m -qc;-rci, mtl'i <f%TI 'i1~S;1\if'i l0i ~
FclClfi'1'i ~ fi~c'lqol i! ~if)1 f.'rmf t I <rr?f fcpoCl'i (Fermentation) c#r >lfW<l1 >fi
m-<fr t I
• ~ Fe cg &I '1 ~ ~ ;fril q ;mit tfT<lT \i!T\1l t I ~ fl CfiJ <;'1 Cl I< ~ it ~ ~ -ml c#r
~m-<frt I
• <)Cfm 311 '11 ~ I<l 311 >1 \if '1 <liT "Cf)ll'f 31TN'[ <liT 4'1 fl 'i I itctT t I
• ~~1i1\if'1 it 4Iilif)"ffi ~IFclIi -mt t"\ill 31TN'[ <liT ~Ifll<l~if) 41il'i ~ ~ I
• ~"ifT"G 31TN'[ mtt 3TiTI i! 4 sil iii t I <rr?f 31TN'[ 4 Iil if) "ffi l0i ~ "'ll ~'1 it
fJ1&1lil ~ TIm 41il'i fWm it \3«1"1 41qif) -qc;-rci ~11f~1i 151if)'( m i! 4§illil ~ I
• ~ 3TiTI i! "4T'fi <liT ~ nq 0 I itctT t I
• 31 4 IUl -qc;-rci "'JGT "irR it "iff"tR ~ if) &I "\iITCf ~ I
•••
20
til Jj I ""101 lP{! 311 t: I 'I
~31T q;l 24 tiif <'i ftl &II ~ ~ en ~ ¢
m<IT qlt '1T?IT q;l ~ 3lT"m"
cnc'\ 1RTm /
"¢"5T \ilTill t I ~ 1 'W:If.1¢ fi~iI'1l cf; 311"1R qx ~ 3lT"m" q;l c:T C1l1T, GAT 3fR"iIRT, <'i
'IicT \ilTill t I 3lT"m" <'i ''IT'lt ~ ~ ~ qlt '1T?IT ~ II' ff¢ ~ 0 I cnr ~ 311"1R t I c:R
<'i ffiT 18 ~ ~ ~ I(1 x'l "¢11 TIm "iI"R <'i tm 18 ~ ~ ~ I(1 x'l ~ lOtrr t I "iIRT c:T ~ ¢ I~ cnr
mm t - W"T "iIRT (f21l ~ "iIRT I ~ "iI"R <'i 10-20 ~~~ I (1 1:fr'ft lOtrr t ~ ~
g3lR'f, fU&I¢ 1 ~,I1 I R I ~ "iI"R <'i 75-80 ~~~I(1 1:fr'ft lOtrr t ~ ~~xf1'1, ~,
&I) fill1 l, ~1\i1~I, '1CfC1')I ~("I1IR
~ "'i'l"NT
• ~ "iIRT ~31T cf; ~ ~ '3 q /I)·n 3lT"m" t I

• ~ ~ q;l q 11\ l{1 '1T?IT <'i >fI e1 '1, ~ I ~", Fci c I ~ '1 TIm i(£l f.1 \i1 C'fC!UT ~ &I i\ t
~ 31 &II II I <1 ~ cf; 'tc ~ 3fR ~ WTI ~ cf; 1ft cnT'1 31T(1T t I
• ~ "iI"R c:T ~¢ I ~ cf; mt l:f¢ <;&ltO..fJ 4>fl&l cnr "iIRT TIm s;m l ffi c:TC'fi ~
(31 <; &I to -i1) 4> fl &I cnr"iIRT I
• <; &I to '1"1 "iI"R <'i i(£l ~ 4> cf; I{) fl '1 <'i ~, ct'J fill1 l , TC[j"{' 10i «ft <'i ~ ~ xf1 '1 (f21l ~
'3 'II ~ \ilT"fft I ~ ~M'1 15 ~~~ I (1 x'l~lOtrrt I
21
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t: ~ 1& ~ ~ 1I\D~~~~ fi'
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fU f' ,¥ ~ ttr ~ ~ 1&
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"lID
• ~ 3lTm -q ~ ctr '1ft Ii 15('Cl 'r'\ ~ I mt t I
• <) ~ cf; tic cnT ~ -q +115111111 ~ t 3lR Qlil'1 fWm cf; 'ligC'l'1 -q '1ft +1iOll1<1>
e:mrt I
• ~ ~ cnT 4-5 fcl>C'l1 llili (1Cf) ~ C'l1111 \iJT1T illrg~ I

• l]l""l/ W cnT 3A- >I I ~ "T 'iW ~M t1 ~ "T 'iW, <"; C'l iO 4'1 lfl +1 C'l1 "T 'iW
li,l1l~ ~C'l1111 urr +1<1>t11 t I
GAT
• ~ 'qRT 10i 'iW ~C'll<l>~ ~;lIT ctr X'fR't 3I1ClNt1I~ 'tt "'lti it +1<1>11'1 t 3[(1":
\3'1 <1>1 CIT1l ~ C'll '"II it5c;- 3WHI1 t I
• CIT1l 3RTUI, cpfit 3Tltllft1 \341«11<"; , ~, <SIf.'l\i1 C'fCI'UT (f2IT '1lJCIi "T fq.lJ{U[ e:mr
tl
• ~;lIT cnT iO 4~ II 'Ii g~ t1 CIT1l ~ \iJT1T ill rg ~ f\J1 +1 ij 3l1Cl ~ 11 t11 31 j+11< >11 tH,
<l>liI1iOlli~C:, <rm, C'fCI'UT li,l1l~ +1~Rlt1 ~ -q \3QC'l&:1 it I
• ~ cnT 'Ii g~ t1 CIT1l ~ cf; ~ f.19 >I I~ "T fq.lJ{U[ WrR cR
1) 3RTUI (liifI , V<!R, ~) - 25 x't 35 >lR1~It1
2) cpfit 3Tltllft1 \341«11<"; (~ ,m<l>,- ~lli+1 41f<:1~1 li,I1I~) - 15 x't 40 >lR1~It1
3) ~ 15 x't 30 >lR1~It1 (+1<+11 ctr ~ Wfl1lT 15 >lR1~It1 m'"ll illrg~ , ~ 'i'llflc1'1

<iT 3R1' -.fuiT ~ "T >1111' I ~ '"II ill rg ~)
4) <SI f.'l \J1 C'fCI'UT fq.lJ{U[- 2 >I R1 ~ It1
5) '1lJCIi-1 >lR1~It1
• -c;-R ctr ~ ~ ctr \31l10i \3 «11 <"; '1 "'R f.f>R ~ 11'1 t I fcIfi'p;f \31l cf; ~;lIT cf; ~
-c;-R ctr ~ 3l'rc't 3I'UWl cf; +11< 0\1 1 3lR +11< 0\1 2 -q tt 'l""Ifi t I
"IfT'fi
• ~ cf; "4T'fr ~ ctr 311 Cj ~ 11 <l>t11 ~ cf; "'fR, 3lTm ctr fcl> f'i , Cj It11 Cj ~ aI "T t11 QIi I'"I,
"4T'fr ctr \3 QC'l &ft1T, ~ ctr ~ li fill ~ "'R f.f>R ~ 11'1 t I
23
• 1f[<:l <Pl >Ifi1 \«lJ f¢ c>fJ ~ I '1 ~ ~ ai cHit; u I <11 <f; 31 jf11 ~ 3.5 <l 4 C'ik:~ qr;ft
fq6i1'il i11f%~ I ~ 31jf1" \«lJ 400 fcl;c;it <#t 1f[<:l Rnf1Cf>"J ~ 1fC:l~ aimfg u l<11
10 f¢ c>fJ !11 '1 ~ i3il 35-40 ~ qr;ft fq C'li '11 q <l \ '<i xgcrr ~ I
• ~ <ffi ij Wfl1'T 80-85 ~fc1~I<1, c:-A ij 10 ~fc1~I<1, ~ ~ ~ ~ ij 10-20 ~fc1~I<1

(j~ f11~c'l""l ij 70 ~fc1~I<1 qr;ft iIm ~ I
• ?:1ft 3lT5R ij c:-A ?:IT ~ ~ <#t lIT?IT 3Ifucr; irf\ CiT ~ 3Ifucr; qr;ft fq I'l' II I
• ~3lT <Pl g ~ ~ II W'1' ~ ~ qr;ft '3 q C'I &:[ ~ 1'1 I f% ~ I ~3lT ij 6JSCi ~ fi ill I'1 
~1'iIR<l'j <f; tf5C'1o'l 'liT W ~ ~
28-30 c1"Jc~ qr;ft ~ <#t 311C1~1l<11 iIcfi ~ I ~ 31fc1R'ft) >Ifi1 0.5 c41c~ ~ <f;
~ 1 <l1.5 ~ qr;ft <#t 311C1~<l<11 iIcfi ~ I
•••
24
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• '1 eM I(j ~ C!>T ~ cf; 4 f0r "iIT<:" ~ R1 ('II '11 ill f% ~
cm'ifil> it ~ ct\ q~ ~ if> ~
ct\ \i1x>~(j C!>T ~ if>~(jl t I ~ ~ 1R "Cf>"N ~ cTI ~ ~ iSl\J~ <n if>d
if>c,g) cf; ~ 101' ~ 3lmX t I
• f0r C'fCf> \3i1 ~ 'l'fR "Cf>T 10 crt 'l'fllT C'fCf> ~ ct\ l'fT':fr ~ ill [M I
5 ,'1"60
• it 3lj'iIf.'!(j t ct\ 101' '1C1\i1I(j ~ C!>T 4- 5 ~il{115 cf; ~ ~ cf; 3l('liClI 110
c;fl c ~"<&tf R1 ('II '11 illf%~ I
• ~ cf; 30 f0r cf; "iIT<:" ~ ffl ~ C!>T b"XT "ilRT (ftJ (j '11 m ~) 1ft ;S I ('I '11 ill f% ~
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• 5 f0r ct\ 3lT"g ~ dl if> ~ 6 'i 51 ~ C'fCf> ct\ 3lT"g cf; <I\J '$1 ct\ ~ eft <pft ~i I ~ oj) 1 cf;
3lj~l~ ftl('ll~ R1('1I~ ~ illf%~ I
~ct\\TII -mR "Cf>T "CI"\i1"'1 ~ ct\ ljf';ff ~ 'Rk~ c#t ljf';ff b"XT"ilRTc#tljf';ff
(Fcn C'1l '" I'i ) (Fcn C'1l '" I'i ) ("!IT'i) (Fcn ('11 ill 'i)
5f01~4 25 2.5 - -
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4 6 ~'<115 30 2.5 50 100 ftJ (j '11 m trcB

6-8 ~'<115 35 2.5 100-250 ftJ (j '11 m trcB
8-10 xi'<115 40 2.0 250-350 ftJ (j '11 m trcB
10 12 ~1'<115 45 1.5 350 500 0.5 1.0
12 16 ~'<115 55 500 750 1.0 2.0
16-20 ~'<115 65 - 750- 1000 2.0-3.0
20 24 ~'<115 75 1000 1500 3.0 5.0
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• ~ ,,[(j[~ ~ "ifiT"q) x'C Ib C!>T 45 f0r cf; "iIT<:" ~ fG<:rr "\i1T ~ if>(j I t I
26
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'1.' I4><11 q\T ffi'I 28 11 .20 9.80 21 .00
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~ c£T ~('q "'Y 20 03 .20 2.00 12.00
(51 f.I u1 fi'r~ 03
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<lIT~ '3 (1'11 ftl <'I I'll illf%~ I
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5f;ft ill f%~ I
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Cf\il'l (Fcl> C'il ~ I'1 ) (Fcl> C'il !OIl '1)
(Fcl> <11 !OIl '1)

6-9 '1g)~ 75-100 1.50-1 .75 5-10
9- 14 '1g)~ 100-150 1.75-2.25 10- 15
14-20 ~ 150-200 2.25-2.50 15- 20
20-24 '1g)~ 200- 300 2.50- 2.75 15-20
27
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t"r q\T \Jj",\1 Mil
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q\T "\iIT(fi i I
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~ Fc1 ~ I<1 TIC!>"{6"\ilRfr ~ I
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q) <'II Cfl< ~ ij ~X!l1 <11 \ilTi1T ~ I
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~ em- 1lC'IC ~ ill f% \! I '3 <'I c 4 q <'I c 4 Cf>T"Cfil<f ~ ~ >lTd" tt ill x'i I ill f% \! I
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"ilffi T'f ~ ~ Wll \JIT\! I
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1<'1 'i I ij 3fim ~ ~ TIm "if§<l 3lfuC!l "4CIiT 4> xi <'I ~ t ~ ill x'i I 3fim '1tT ~
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cf; ~ TIm q I'iI '1 fil><:rr cf; ~ q 11\ l{1 x:r:r<l '4't f?rc>t iJlTdT t
• ~ 3lf6T'{ -q "T" ~ ~ "'iI"R c#t "'IT''!T 3fCfV1l" "&jT'il1fil ~ I
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<fCf;1
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• '<:rr cpT Rl' 11;<; tl '" d I t I
• ~ q '1 q IC'l '" ~ ~3lT cpT ~ "¢11 "'IT''!T -q ~ ~ ft! C'll c1 t I Sl ,11 '" ll'r
qlC'l'" cpT 3!lRt l"lT[[ cpT"¢11 ~"¢11 20-25 Fcl>c>tl ~~, 4-5 Fcl>C'l1 ~ 3itx 3
FcI> c>tl GAT Sl R1 R '1 ft! C'll '11 'ill fil ~ I
•••
35
• ~iI Jil Oi!l Ihit<il 01 ~
• Cl28!Ji ilnmmor qft ~lJi'l""lIl1' l!ci PolClFlul
• ~ 'q~3it qft ~ Ih'l 01 01 'll Ji 'l""l1l1' l!ci 301 Cl>1 Pol Cl Flul
• ilTafmft 1'[ otCliiJli1 'q~ qft ~3ffi'f l!ci ~E!Cf

'fll '" I ~ -g \11""1'1 fsp ~ I
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~ C!J~ctl ~ I
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1IlGT \iI "I '" j'l <Pl ~ '>11'1)' -q EficT 1"I<lT t I
1) ~ \iI"'''Ij'l -310;S1~1<1 (ovaries)
2) \i("'''Iq:>,f - f%'<I<llfiHl ",fc;(C!J1 (oviduct), ~ ~ (uterine horns),
~ ~ (body of uterus), ~ 1.ftcrr (cervix) <lm mf.1 (vagina)
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3) "ifIijJ
f%'<I~:i~ / 3i;sI~I<1 (Ovaries)
• tr cIT qft fiMI "# ·~tH 13i;sI~I<1 qi- ~ 1R t< X1R lfllfll<'1 "d\m fi~iI"Il~ r;;<!ll~
q>$ctl ~ ~ ~ / lfl~ fc;( C!J (1 cpgr \iITc1T ~ I
• ~qi-~~m~tmr~ 1~qi-~1R~m~~3TI
\iITc1T ~ Ji'R f% 't ~ ~ x'r fq'ctfC\;s (Corpus
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• ~ qi- cIT ~ q;pt ~ '0fi ~ / ~ CfiT \3 <GI C; '" C!J~ '" 1Ji'R '!;fN I fWT
37
t;1,<>i1'1 ~~lJl'1/>l1Jl~1'1 C!iT '3<'11<;'1 <!>'<'11 I
~ <l1[g;ft '1~<!>1 (OviductlFaliopiantube)
• <t 2 q\'\ fi M I >i' '0P c:l<l <Rtf) 3TR '0P <in; <Rtf) ~ ~ I
• f%Rl" If% 41 '1 Fc1 <!> I >i' 'g<IJ I'1 3fR ~ cf; <ft'q ~ ~ i1 '1 ~ ~ I
• <l5 'g<IJ I'1W 3fR ~ cf; q R" t; '1 >i' '<W 11 <'11 >fGT'1 <!>'< <'11 ~ I
11'lf'tll1 (Uterus)
• ~ cIT "IT'lT C!iT <r'1T ~ ~-~ m'R ~ ~ ~ I

• ~ m'R cIT "IT'lT >i' ~ \ilT<1T ~ ~ ~ ~ CIi5T \ilT<1T ~ I
• '1m ~ cf; ~ ~ Fc1~1~ "Wl ~ Fc1<!>~<'1 ~ ~ cm'ifih ~ ~w i'i 'flf C!iT
Fc1 <!> I{"11ft ~ ~ I
• ~ ~ >i' cgt9 ~ i3"lR ~ "ffit ~ ~ '11f11 '<g'< CIi5T \ilT<1T ~ I ~ '1 $1

fiMI 75-120 WI> M ~ I {l1'11"'l<'1: ~'1<!>1 mrn 1 '<1>i141c,< ~ ~ "'1"'"R
'T'lfcrx<m cf; c;~ ' I mrn 10 <H ot) <11 c,< WI> m\ilT<1T ~ I
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i'i
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Tf'lf'tll1 >1hfT (Cervix)
• ~ "lftcrr mf.'r 3fR ~ m'R cf; <ft'q C!iT 'lWf ~ I <t 3M '1 <; <!> I C'l ~ ~ cf;
31 Rl R1tl 3RT "ff'fIl <iG ~ ~ I <t >I '" '1 '1 3iTfT i'i "ffiffi ~ 3M ~ I
"lIlf.r (Vagina)
• mf.'r \il'l'PT~ C!iT ~,.., <'1 '1 'lWf ~ I
• <t "IlGT cf; l!2f13M C!iT <Wi <!>'<<'11 ~ I
• >II if Rl <!> ~ >i' m meM cit mf.'r cf; 3f!r 'lWf i'i '51 C'l <'11 ~ cr.m ~ cf;
c;l, I'1 <nft 3M ¢<;r "CfR ~ cit ~ 3lR cf; fu"1; lJTlf ~ ~ I
<m;J '" '1 '1 " I

<mu "''1'1i'l >1'11"1 (vestibule), "pnfO (Labia) TIm 'li'I~I~'1<!>1 (Clitoris) cf; <H
~ ~ I '1m >i' >I'll" I C'ITf'll1l 10 ,'lot) 41 c,< <'i<rr ~ ~ cr.m ~ TIC'l >i' <mu 'f'I
&R WIT \ilT<1T ~ I
38
fll 'II "'II II W i '1 fs» 'II
• \ifiI "l'fI<n G1l ct; \i1 '1 '1 i'I ffiJ 'I I ~ft C1 it "\i1f!Z 31'R "l'fI<n G1l 5' 21 ~ ct; :oj d ~ I C1 -.'i
1f11f -.'i 31R <'flT, \ffi ~ <fiT elll f<IJ d l ~ ~ I
• l:fCi ~ 5' 21 ~ ct; :oj d" C1 -.'i '1G <iT 1f11f -.'i 3m\t ~ I ~ 21
elll f<lJd l ct; <nG 'lT11"
~ ct; ~ \3 '1 cB ~ -.'i <rS<l ~ q RCl ct '1 iRt ~ Rn'1 Cfl I 10fJ "'<IW ct; ~ -.'i "iffi"
"iffi" <:1 iN ICl TI<rr ~ ~ I ~ "'<IW <fiT '1 <: il if) <iT ~ "'<IW (Estrous Cycle) "C/JTI
\i1TC1T~ 1
• ITcn "T"" ct; ~ ~ <iT ~ TI<rr ~ I 'r'f ~ ~ RI Cfl ffid "T"" q Rq Clil ~
1R 11 I fit 11 '1 "T"" ( Graafian Folli cle) Cfli5C1 ld l ~ I
• III fit WI "T"" ct; ~ 1R ~ <iT ~ ~ 3lT \i1TC1l ~ 31'R f% ~ Cl Irg..fl '1 ~ Cfl I
-.'i fi'R \i1TC1l ~ I ~ l'!ffiJl1 l <fiT ~eRUf (Ovulation) ~ ~ I ~ i51~'l1'1 Rnfl$1
cr;:;rro ~ ~eRUf TI<rr ~ ciT <it1'i111Ri1' 1 i51~'l1'i (LH) ~ I
• 'lT11" >hiT -.'i ~eRUf q\T l'! ffiJ 11 1 '1 <: Cfl IC1 <iT 1f11f q\T Xi '1 1fi<f ct; 10- 12 tR <nG TIc1t
~ I fll'1 I"11d 'lT11" >hiT ct; :oj'5I~ 1 11 ~ 10fJ ~ ~ f.'ICflC1d l ~ I
f.'lil Tl 'i (Fertilization)
• l'! lpfi1Cfl t)~ -.'i"fits <TIf.'r ct; 31!l" 'IT'T 1R ~if)I'131T <fiT ,P'I'5dl ~ I ~ ~
ctiT ~ -.'i ~if) I'131T <fiT ~ ~ -.'i $ \i1TC1l ~ I
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~ ~ I t)~ ct; "fl11<l" "fits Cfl~l<;l ~if) I '131T <fiT <TIf.'r -.'i '51C1d l ~ Rnfl~ ~ ~
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~ ct; c;~" 'i "" "fl<'t ~ I f.'I ~ il 'i ct; xe.TT'i 1R ~ ~if) I '131T -.'i ~ 10fJ
~if) I '1 ~ ct;"flT'2l 'li111\i1'i (Fusion) Cfl~dl ~ I
• f.'I ~ il Of ctiT l'! ffiJ 111 -.'i "'lX ct; ~if) I'1 31'R "l'fI<n ct; ~ "CflT 'Ii 111 \i1 Of TI<rr ~ 31'R 10fJ
~ CfllFi1Cfl I g''1Of\i1 (Zygote) "CflT f.'I'1ju l TI<rr ~ I
• "fl'lfr G1l31T -.'i f.'I~ilOf f%~ClIf@'1l Of~Cfl I ct; 10fJ 'IT'T ~"jC1;f) ~ \JiCRiOf -.'i TI<rr
~ I
• ~if)f'130-4 8 <iiT TIm ~ 18- 24 <iiT (lCf) ~ f.'I~ilOf <iT><! ~ ~ I
• ~ ~ ~ 'll pt1 <fi<f (Frozen Semen) 20- 24 tiel (f<I) 1ft f.'lilil'i '1)''1
i(i5m t I
• cB Cl C1 10fJ ~if) I'1 ~ f.'I ~ il Of ctiT filRrr -.'i 'IT'T <trn ~ I
"l'fI<n ct; ~ ~ ~ JR1CI (lCf) ct; "fl11<l" <fiT 'f'lCfl I C1 ~ ~ I~ 3lClfu -.'i 1t"T
39
cnr ~ ,3l'ffi f.'l'i\01 (lm ~ cnr RlCfilfi ~,111 r;; 'it5«1');'\ fThl1l~ M t I
• 'pj Cfi IC1 <!iT ~ 3lCIfu<ii if 'licr \iffiTI t I
1) ~<IT i(1lfSC11 cnTC1 (Period of ovum orblaslula)
2) ~ cnTC1 <IT 3M" RlCfilfi cnTC1 (Period of embry 0 I organ ogenesis)
3) lPl RlCfiIfi cnTC1 (Period offoelus / felal growlh)
• i(11'(-SC11 cnTC1 qlt ~ 10-12 ~ qlt M t I BI ~ if f.'l~Rld ~
fct>i1ft1d !!1Cfi'( 16- 32 q;1~1<B111 {j'(iFIl if <rGC1" \iffiTI t ~ >{1,()C11 <!i5T \iffiTI t I
'11 '() C11 5if ~ lJ'l1bm ~ if ~ \iffiTI t I
• 3M" RlCfilfi cnTC112-45 ~ cnr iRrr t I BI ~ if ~11~RCfi WIT (lm ~ cnr
f.'l'i\01iRrr t (lm ~ qlt ~"11 R'I <!iT qt5il111 \iTT flCfidl t I
• lPl RlCfilfi cnTC1 45 ~ it >ffICI (fCf> cnr iRrr t I BI ~ if ~, cigw'0i
-,mn- <f';ff cnr Rl Cfi IfI (lm fcti1 ~') Cfi '( 0I iRrr t I
• ~ cnr qIC11 q'J ~ 01 f.'l {J q 0I it ~ lJ'l1bm ~ it (lm 6I"T"G if 3l'ffi &RT iRrr t I
3l'ffi ~ qlt wm Cfi'(cf1 t, \3f1CfiI q'J~01 Cfi'(c11 t, ~ it \3«F1 Cfil41
~311<Ril~;S <!iT ~nfqd ~ "iITt5X f.'lCfiIC1cf1 t (lm ~ >fiI)"J< ct g"'i11 '0i
~ "11 ~'i \3 «F1 Cfi '( cf1 t vit lPlCfi IC1 <!iT ~ m ct fc:n:i 311 CJ ~ 11 Cfi ~ "\ifT(f t I
· ~ ~w ct fllf) C1 ~ "111 >rii£R ct fc:n:i it 311 CJ ~ 11 Cfi t qlt lJ'lifuR ct «)l1 it «)l1
60 ~ ct 6I"T"G ~ cnr f.'l <; 11 <IT maJUT m~ I .n C1 ill C1 qlt '1T'!T if ~
lTl"1'f \JIffl Cfi,(11 <!i5T \iffiTI t I ~m cnr f.'l <;11 t5~~11 1[Cf> ~ RlRl>ctlCfi 31~
~ CI1fl'p ct &RT tT Cfi'(l11 ill f% ~ I
• lPl cnTC1 qlt ~ TT m ct q~illd ~ <!iT iJf"l ~ qlt fip-m <!iT >ffICI ~ t I
q'1qlC1Cfi ct fc:n:i it f.'ldjd 31ICJ~l1Cfi t qlt cit ~ ~ ~w qlt qt5ill1 CR ~
(!jfcp ~ ~w <!iT ~ it 3fC1lT finm \iTT ~ I ~ ~ ~w qlt qt5ill1
f.'l "1 ftI ftI d C'lA ct 3mTR 1R qlt \iTT fI Cfic11 t : -
• >ffICI ct ~ xtJIT ~I ~ R'I Cfi ftI'li i'j c: ~ 61 Cfi'( ~ m "\ifT(f t ft1 ml ~
ct ~ ~ t)o "\ifT(f t 3Ih" ~ cnr ~ 'IiT'T \WR "\30 \iffiTI t I BI ~ fTh 111
ct 24-48 tR ct 3RX >ffICI m\iffiTI t I
• 3flT1' 'r'f RlCfiffl<1, ~ (lm ~nlf)g"(f) (Oedemalous) m"\ifT(f t
• >rfICf ct cgt9 ~ 3flT1' cnr "ffiCI ~ W5G "Wf) it <fu;rr 31 q" dCfi
"ffiCI if q RCJ Rfd m\iffiTI t ~ -&rn ~ t I
40
1>'
jg
.&<
10
~ ~~
~ """
i ~ $' ~ 4Y ~§'0
fij'1iV&::1iVi&
~ ~
1 15~
Vg
$~
~
l """ ~~~ !~t10! 1 ~_
$ '1+ 5' """ hY :;
"""l
1W ~ <tt; - ~ , . ~~ ~.. E is: ~ """ 5' fC
'€ ~ ,;; ~ ~ ,g; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
1W1w
h!>.
1&10 1 ~~1>' - S;~!>itrfC
8> """
i": ~
05
~
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& ~ ~ i'l+~1§~ [_
~ ~ ~ .~]; ~ ! ~1 . ~ ~
~ .. ~~~~ ::!~'"~i';~,! i ! eq ~ :;
1W 1& 4- f(; ,- 1W
~"'~ ~~! ~'f§"""~~ ~""" ~""" ~ ~ ~
"'h!~d~!~dhiH!: U{'1&";~~
1& 1&15''1+ -f:
h.... '-- t--
1& 1>' l fij' . ~
~! ~ ~"""'~~ ~
IlY """ .,. 1& 1& i;';; """ 1&
.
t:::
I~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ - ~ 1>' t't§!l ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~
'l+i&1>'i '1+ '1+] 'I I[; I":
~~I: ~11 iBii!4~~~iil H~i: U
1>' 1& 0 &: '1+
• • • • •
qJl161 m ~ 41<'tif> <til ll\iFFI qft ~I'il""l 3l<W!IT *m -q ftR \ij'{i;ft ill\ij)"
<til \ij 1'1'11 if I 1% 1/ cIT f.1 "'1 ~ ~ <1 t :-
• "I'flCIT ~ # \i1'I ~ "if"iP ~ m~ \1iI ~ Cl1«!> %T \i1T<1T 6 1 \i1'I ~
\ij '1"1 i' I Fil> <mT1 C'l m~ cmT \Rl'i rrT \JR"'l !R'1ill ;m~, \NI 3me.TI <!iT ,WI if>
qRqifClC11 ~ 61 f11'i1''l.j(j: ~ 'lTif 18-24 ~ TIm ~
'lTif 25-30
~ q\') 3W1 # qRqifCI 6'rcfi 6 1 ~ 30-36 ~ # qRqifCI m\iTTift 6 1
• ih1T # IT't ~ q\') ~ Wfl1'T 18-30 <R q\') 6'rcfi 6 1 <gt9 ih1T # i\ 12-18
<R q\') tr 6'rcfi 6 1 TWIT # 'i c; I C'l q\') ~ 18-24 <R q\') 6'rcfi 6 1 ih1T
'i c; C'l q\') ~;mo 3Tf~q)ffnrff # 6'rcfi 6
1 1
*
• i\ ~ 1"fI1T 6 q\') ~ 1hl 3l'T"ffi "fI \ij '1 Cf;f) ~ cf; <fIiI 'flfuRur <1>;: \1') 6
TIm "l"f'ff cf; >f1f1'i # 'i'1¢') ll\i1'1'1 !R'1ill ~ qJl1 6'rcfi 6 \i1~FcP 'lTif Wfl1'T ~
"f1TC'1'flfuRur <1>,\1') 6 1
• TWIT <liT IT'f <PTC'l270-285 ~ <liT 6'r<rr 6 cmT ih1T cf; IT'f<l>IC'l q\') ~ 305-315
~ q\') 6'rcfi 6 1
• 'TT<T <!iT qSC'l1 ~ 2.5-3 "f1TC'1 q\') \31! # cmT ~ <!iT qSC'l1 ~ 3-3.5 "f1TC'1 q\')
\31! # '\iRil< m'\i1T'1T if I rg 1/ 1
• TWIT # GI1ic'! 31'<1"C'l Wfl1'T 360-425 ~ <liT 6'r<rr 6 TIm ih1T # i\ 450-500
~ <liT 6'r<rr 6
• *11'1 I'Xl C1: 'lTif ~ cf; 60-90 ~ cf; me; :fl: "l"f'ff # 3ll \iTTift 6 TIm ih1T # i\
3i C1" C'l 90-150 ~ (j<f) cf; <lTiI ~ 1"fI1T 6 1
•••
42
'l' PI Sf 7f1lf1:.fA ~ '8 Sf ·flH IT ~ f.'I em 0 I
• cpf'lrl ~(Artificiallnsemination) eft fcI1U" ~ ft1{j~ &RT ~ ~ ~ >IT'(f cft4
+fIGT ~ cf; \J1'"1 'i 41Q" "f \3 4 CIJ ~ 0 1'\ &RT f.1alfiKr fcI>m \ilTIlT ~ I
• illpf"d CIJ ~ "f m -m 'ifm m cft4 CBT fWT &RT <ful l'fRT qlt mf.1 "f
'R!l ~(1 CIJ~(11 ~ ~ ~ ~ "f ~ mf.1 &RT cft4 ~CIJ~(1 C!R fR"m \ilTIlT
~ TIl!.TT cft4 cf; :rrIT cf; 'iC"<1iCIJ'i, (1jCIJ~ol (Dilution) ~ rg'1"iCIJ~OI (Freezing) cf;
'IlG" \3 4 CIJ ~ 0 11 &RT l'fRT ~ cf; ~ ~ "f ;src;rr \ilTIlT ~ I
~ 1fIlftrR cf; (iITll
• cpf'lrl ~ &RT ~ ~ cf; -mit"CIJT ~ \3411'1'1 CIJ~~ ~ ~3IT qlt

~ \3(G 1<; 'i !ffl1(1T CBT ~ it> 1111 \ilT {j CIJ(11 ~ I ~ ~ fcI1U" &RT ~ ~ qx
"'ffC'! WTR fcI>m \ilT {j CIJ (11 ~ I
• ~3IT cf; ~ ~ xt>T ~ \i1t ~ ~ cf; fWT &RT illpf"dCIJ ~ ~ q}C'1<1 ~ I
\i1'i'ii'rl cf;~*ITqlt-&cn~"f~~qlt Fcl~~ ~ClJI ~ I
• ~ 3lljcj~ICIJ TT ~ -mit cf; rg'1"ip(1 cft4 CBT ~ ~ xm \ilT {jCIJ(11 ~
om m cf; ~ cf; <!TG 'ljT ~ ~ cf; &RT il111' 1 fcI>m \ilT {j CIJ(11 ~ I
• cpf'lrl ~ "f m "CIJT 3lT<!iR ~ "IR ~ ~ 3TJ(f[ ~ ~ fll fc;f ~ -mit, 31 4 1rg \i1
TIl!.TT ;S~41CIJ ~3IT CBT 'ljT ~ ~ &RT 'lfitl CIJ~1111 \ilT {jCIJ(11 ~ I
43
~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ t i .~ _r& ; i til:
~" ~ ~.~
~5 1& $ ~
t 1'[ t ~!
~ _~ ~ 10'
if
~
t
'i
~~ ~
1& ~
f1fr~lP'~1& ~~ ~f
N
¥ 'i<d_¥ 15w
1& ~ P:~ ~i 1& 1& 1& _Itr'g 1m
~ d2 ~ ~ ~ r& ~
A-.
.,
~i~~ 1 ~$:;;tr.r&!o=f~
I@ <fiT 'v '
~~~~
"' "
r ~ ~ ~ ,; Il t ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~! ~
~ dd ~llH tLU!i !j;lOl
1& 1&
~
~
1&
tv "'?;
~ 1&
f>' 1>'
'1& ~ ~
-!W' @
;
i(; ~~ ~
1m.-f&,1& 1&
~
r& ~ ~f
f t f r&
1& fft ~
~; ~
i ,~¥ ~ ~ ~ '1& ~ ~ '~ ~ ~ ~ I~] ~ Jr; !~t ~~
~~ui
'i<
~ _ r& ~ ~
¥ ~~ ¥"" ~ _
1R;
{ [ ~ :~ ~
1rf)= l1r
t ~: ~~~: ~~
~ ~ ~ ~ ;
ITo
~ w ~'V
~f ~i
~'
~ ~QR Q>T \'l Rl tI '(PllI
• ~ 'lTIl ~ Tfl1f 1'i 3WlT ~ <IT \3""ft mq q;'r ~ Cf)~ CJ I'11 'ill rg C! <!2ff ~
mq /mf q;'r Tfl1f 1'i 3WlT ~ <IT ~ f0 ~ ~ Cf)N I'11 'ill rgC! I c'1 f4>"1
~ ~ 1'i ~ cF Tfl1f cF ~ m Cf>T crCJt1 3fR q'1 qIC'I Cf) Cf>T \3""ft qi3 'ill '14
Cf>T crCJt1 3R'I'T 3R'I'T"i3Tt1T ~ I ~~ ~ -q q,{!qIC'lCf) ~ ~ \i["if '4t TJ1ff-q
~ ~ ~ ~ Q>T ~QR Cf)'II'11 'il11%C! om 12 -q~ 'ITG <;)<lI~1
~QR qm ~'TI 'ilII%'I I
• ~~~ -w:m CR ~ (,W1~Cf) &NT 'fCf) ~ '0i ~ Rhl~$I ~

tT Cf)'I"11 'ill rg C! I
• ~~ cF fRC! C'Il"it "l"J\; ~3lT q;'r "'T"\ CJ Itil CJ ~ 0 I 1'i '1 ~ ~ Cf) ~ \91111 c; I~ x"lR
CR tT <ffq;n 'ill rg C! I
• <gt9"'lTl1l 1'i 3i'SI~11I ~ ~ Cf>T R1fl\il"1 (ovulation) ~ ~ "i3Tt1T ~ I ~
Rlf4>ctiCf) ~ \J!i'q Cf)'I4 cF "i!T"<";" ~ ~3lT q;'r Tfl1f q\'t 3lCI"X~ 1'i en <rR "'lfit!
Cf)NI"1I'i1lrgC! I
45
• q ~q I(1 CjJ em- "ti ill fil ~ ~ CjJ~ 14 cf; 2 ~ ~ cIT ~ RI Fcl>cti CjJ ~ Tflf \IIi"i!
\.iRiX CjJ ~ I~ I
• '1'11'11"<1 >mer rn cf; 40 ~~~ -B Tflff cf; C'faruT >fCR mcf t I q ~q I(1 CjJ ~
Tflff em- l!4~1 1 $ ~ 11m wrc;fi Tflff em- ~ 'IT iPl'$<1 ~ ~"CjJ[ ~ ~
~ CjJ<I~ I
• 3f'R >mer rn cf; 90 ~ cf; ~ 'lft ~ Tflff -B ~ 31T1IT t en gx'c1 q ~RI Fcl>cti CjJ ~
tiq~ CjJ~'i1 illfil~ I
•••
46
~~ ~31T qft- 1J;~ M\JI"'F'I W'I 'flI1 ~ ~ \3 "1 if) I f.'I <II 'I! U I
• <15 crrm 1"]<lT ~ ctt ~ ~31T
ctt 60- 70 ~Rl~I<1 x:<!R~ fl'i«1I~ ~"F"1'1
fl 'i «11 ~ mcf\ ~ I llTl1 W ctt fclfii"1 ~ ,,"1'1'1 fl 'i «1131T am ~ ¥. ~ i$I q '1 ~
q~q I<'1 cp) cnT -.mt ~ !fffc'r mcf\ ~ I
· m ~ cnT llTl1 W cf; l"fIff if "'1l 3lR (f~ 'IR 'IR rq, '< 4 ctt fl 'i «11 ctt ~ ~
~"fIT('[ 20-30 fi1~<1'1 C'1" ~ (f~ 50-50000 Cp~l;S ~ cpr jcpfll'1 m"'<"8T ~ I
3lj'iIf.'!<1 ~ ctt 11ffif if ~\i1'1'1 fl'i«1I4l ctt ~ ~ 20- 40 ~Rl~I<1 ~31T fu; ~
crrt uc: '1" "" eft "\ilT(fi ~ I
• 3flT'<" q ~q I<'1 cp ~ \i1 '1 '1 fl 'i «1131T cpr \3 RI <1 ~ ~ 3ft< <l X1l1T ~ 'll"1'l m~
"<iT ~ cpr ~ \3<'1IC;'1 Wflf'T 13 fi1~<1'1 C'1" ~ flcp<11 ~ I
~ II;ft ~aIT -.T 'I C; tn '1 (II m "lflff -.T "'1T 3lR qlt fl 'I t<ll
• ~ ~ 1"]<lT ~ ctt ~ "fICIT ~ 3-4 "fIT('[ ctt \3tI CfCI) '>ft 'I C; Cf) I<'1 if ~ ::melt ~ I
• ~?It<! if (f~ 6!IR cf; q~i1I<1 '>ft ~ 'iC;Cf)I<'1 3lR if 3Tft-emrr ~ ll<fr ~ I
• ~31T ctt ~ \i1 '1 '1 Iff11t1T cnT "Cf>11 ~ CfTC'f'r <l ~ fl 'i «11 ~ I ~ fuTfc1 if ~ IT'lf
cf; <'!!ffUT ~C;~i<1 ~ cp,<ci1 ~ I
• <l fl 'I «11 jM <1 ~ 3fCI"X{1;[T if 3ft< J1flC[ cf; \3 q'< hi ~ "\ilT(fi ~ I
• ~ cf; 'i C; Cf) I<'1 if "'1l 3lR cf; f.'! "'1 ~ f(sj <1 Cf) I'< Cf) mfl Cf)Ii ~ I
• 3lfitl~<1 311ffi (Nutritional Imbalance)
• -mR if '1$lf.'!\i1 <'1<1 oj'j ctt"Cf)l\'t (Mineral deficiency)
• Ji;SI~I<1 cpr"Cf>11 ruCf)R1<1 ~ (small smooth ovary)
• <11<11<1,<01 cpr ~ (fTC[ (High environmental temperature)
• "fl"(1"(1 fi'l<1fi'l;s (Persistent corpus luteum)
• 1J'l1f"cR{1;[T cf; c;~ '"fr "fr ~ ~31T if \Jf"l" ~ Ji;SI~I<1 ~ ~ ~ ~ (Ovarian agenesis) <IT

"SC1 -gt mer
Ji;S1 ~I <1 (Ovarian hypoplasia) ~ ~ I ~ ~ "fr l"fIff if ~
47
3lT<f ~ <fffi i/'1 if> I ~ i/(1I\J1 "'1tf ~ I ~ ~3li q\') tPc..fl CfiX"0t illF6~ I
• '[i9 ftem'r3li # ~ # t9'rt \!Ci Rlif>~ 3i'5I~111 M ~ I 'i(1I~II11:fftan # ~"'f TIt

!:II rq, 11 '1 ~ CIil ~ 8 {l m iI<rr ~ "'fT tT R1 \1 R\ '5 CIil I ~ 3fCI"X<m q;l- {l =ii
3l'i'i,if>1c1"i11 ftem'r (True anestrus) Cf)t;T iJIT<fT ~ I it jM\1: ~
ciJ 31l1Ol< # q'j~if>
~ q\') ~ xl iI<rr ~ I ~ ~3li ciJ 'i'i,ilifi \!Ci '1c;qm;f # 3lR ciJ ~ figr~1\1
31l1Ol< q\') ~ 'i 8 «I ,£0\ '!P1 if> I ~ I ~ q;l- ~ ~ itc ciJ q\'\it q\') <IT
'l'r'H I~ I if> <;c[T "0t ill F6 ~ I ~ q;l- xT\J1" fi g~ \1 31l1Ol< FGi (l ij <iR <fffi ~ "il"R q\')
~ ,!!~Iif> m <fffi 50 lJT'l «If.'l\J1 "(1CI"'1 fi'r'>M ~ illF6~ I ~ 7]"<lT ~ q\') Gl
~ ciJ ~ ~ >l'itr'"l" xl 70-80 qR1~I\1 ~ 'T"'1f # 3lT ~ ~ I ~ ft~ ciJ
>I'itr'"l" ciJ ~ $I Fc1 ~1 ~ «I f.'l \J1 C1CfUT CIil wrp I ~ ~ {l I Rl \1 ~3lT ~ I ~
3l(1IClI ~3li;f {lci1131'i'i,if>Ic4111 ftem'r ciJ \3qill~ ciJ ~ ~ 81~'il'1 ~
PMSG, mJlf'S;l'1 i/c-I1Ifi: <fffi '[i9 ~ \3«11C;1 CIil \3iq 'Til I '4T fc!?<:rr ~ <fffi 3f(1"lT
3f(1"lT '(i l!J(1\11 ~ trr<ft ~ I '[i9 81~'11'1 ~GnRH, (Buserelin) 20 'i1i/ifi1!11'i 1M
i/;Jl <Rl '1 q;l- (1'11 ~ xl '4T ~ 'T"'1f # 3ffilT ~ I
• ~ ~ 7]"<lT ~ q\') 81 ~ >fl'"l ~ ftem'r # "('f6[ >l"Wfi M ~ "WI ~ q;l- fi g~ \1 31l1Ol<
fi1c;rWm<fffi \3{lCJ\'l ~11~Rif> cfr.&~ 400- 500 lJT'l qRlfi:'1 m I
• >rfIC[ ciJ ~ ~ ~ iJIT<fT ~ q\') '1 if> IX I("Ii if> \lWIf fig<1'i (Negative energy
balance) \!Ci X1\1"\1 R1\1R\'5 (Persistent corpus luteum) q\') ~ xl ~ 7Jl'\ "'1tf
m 1:fI<1T ~ I ~ ~3li q;l- '1\J11'11 fig~\1 31l1Ol< FGi{lij <iR <fffi ~"il"R q\') ~
,!!<lif> m <fffi 50 lJT'l «If.'l\J1 "(1CI"'1 fi'r'>M ~ illF6~ I Rlf¢~11 >l'itr'"l" ciJ ~ #
X1\1"\1 R1\1R\'5 ciJ \3qill~ ciJ ~ 25 fi'rOlJTO PGF2a CIil ~Jl<Rl'1 (1'11'11 illF6~ I ~
~ Jl CRi '1 ciJ (1'11 ~ ciJ 60-72 tR ~ ~ 'i C; if> I (1 # 3lT iJIT<fT ~ I
• ~q;l-~'3!l:g# ClI\1ICl~ul q\')'T"'1fxl ~ill'"1l illF6~ I
~"lliT 'P{I;3lT ..y 'IN 'IN ~'io'l (Repeat breeding) <1ft 'i1'l'f<l1
• '1RT ~ CIil <lR <lR 21R'"ll ciJ 3i\1~I(1 # 7Jl'\ ~ <fffi ~ \!Ci "\3"CR (Fertile)
m ciJ cft<f xl 3 <IT ~ ~ <lR ~ if> 1m:
{l l'i I"<1 3fCI"X<m # iI<rr ~ I
• 'llcj~\'I11 ~3li # Rq"ic §I"iR;'1 q~ql(1q;l q;l- f.'l'<I~1 ~ CiT<'Tt ~ <rt\ {l'i«ll ~ I
48
• R4~C: if)1\S'1 cf; c:T ~ CllI~"1 t
1) f.'1~·tFl cCr 3l'HlJ)C1dl (Failure of Fertilization)
2) ~ 'lj;'T ~ (Early Embryonic Death)
PI ~ iI'1 q:t 31 'H lJ) <it dl PI kj ~ ft.t d ~ -q IIT<fi t :

• ~aRUT C!lT"'ll ~ (Anovulation)
• Rli'ifild ~aRUT (Delayed ovulation)
• ~~cllrM1 '1~CllI ii 3ICR'm (Obstruction in oviduct)

• jFe'iu\ g"lCll 4RCI'1 (Defective zygote transport)
• jFe'iu\ ~ml'1"C[Ci ~ (Defective sperm & ovum)
• cfn:i cCr jFe'iu\ ~'5~'I(Defective handling of sperm )

• lfC1Cf"fl11<l" 1:fPf'ntTA (Insemination at wrong time)
• c;l~'i"i"Wit! (poor management)
~ ~Uf,!("Ij Plkj~ft.td ~ -q!IT '('j(f,tft t:

• 61~lil'1 cCr"Cpljt 31~ 31 tigC1 '1 (Hormonal deficiency or imbalance)
• ~ C!lT 6"""1 tim"l"1 (Mild infection of uterus)
• ~~Cllfil41 '1~CllI ii 3ICR'm (Obstruction in oviduct)

• ClldICl~"1 C!lT ~ dI4"11'1 (High environmental temperature)
• jFe'i"\ ~ (Defective ovum)
• Rli'ifild ~aRUT (Delayed ovulation)
• c;l~'iui "Wit! (Poor management)
Rlflbctflll ~EA
Rt1k if)1\S'1 ~ .mT ~ cCr ~ ~m 'HClld~ t I ~'H~~ ~'Hcb1 ~ ~
~I"I~I"I ~"#T t I fJrfI CllI~Cll ~ R4~C: ~~I\S'I m<tt t i3"ir \jj1'1Cll~ \3'HCllI \34"i1lX
Cll~'11 tt Wn'd"l >J6itf'l" t I
49
i!
~mur qft 31 tt 1'I HldI
• f%1:<!ffi"UT ~ ~ 'l'[ 5Frr 'il 1f% ~ \'lTfiP '1<15 1'1 "Q<i ~ qJ[ f%1:<! ell f%..fI '1 R:r Cf) 1
"I'i ~ ~ 'l'[ f.'1 ~ 'il '1 ~ x:r$ I {j 1'I 1"'1 d: f%1:<!ffi"UT ~ cf; 'I c; Cf) 1C'I {j 'I 1l{j ~ cf;
10-12tR'IT"<;"~~ I
• f%1:<!ffi"UT qJ[ "'11 5Frr <n Fci C'I ~ x't 5Frr ~ {j <$l GT 31 Wi 1"'1 d 1~ ~ I Fci ('j Pol d
f%1:<!ffi"UT <tt f{~ "I'i ~ cf; "l"flff "I'i ~ <tt 3ICIfu 'fG; \ilT<fi ~ I
• ~ c:Rt ~ cf; \3q'ill~ cf; ~ ~ cf;"CfCRl 1500 31;J~1~4 <f-'rc hCG
(Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin) 3IQ:fCIT 10 'l1~<I5i!1I'l GnRH, (Gonado
Trophin Releasing Hormone) qJ[ ~Ji~I'1 C'I'II41 iJlTdT ~ I ~ ~Ji~I'1 x't
f%1:<!ffi"UT ~ ~ 'l'[ ~ iJlTdT ~ 3itx f.'1 ~ 'il '1 {llll C'I X8lT ~ I
ll'>l h 14 <PT !; ('if) 1 ~ <15 'I 0 1
• "\iI6I'Jft 7flWr4 "I'i 13 C'<Il 1 fi <15 'I 0 ~ ~ <IT 13 1'" i q)) ~ cf; 'i '" 'il <15 "I'i ~ 31 {j 1'i 1"'1 d
1 1
~ m 3itx "'11 ~ \iI '1 '1 i' x't ~ 7fGT ~ f.'1 Cf) '" d ~ &l fin '1 7flWr4 qJ[
1 1
Cl 1d 1Cl ~ 0 1<rc;C'! iJlTdT ~ fV1 ml ~ 'If''T ~ ~ \ilT<fi ~ I
• 7flWr4 fi <15 'i 0 1qJ[ ~ '" 1\iI ~ ~ 1[J'I RCf), ~ f1 fie Cf) ~ , 4 1R x't fcn<:rr iJlTdT ~ I
• 7flWr4 cf; ~ fi <I5'i 0 1 <tt ~ "I'i 7flWr4 '1T'f x't cfI'1" 'IR 1 fi:l R:r 4 '1 W"rc >li cb '1
qf.'1 R1 R:r '1 ~ cf;"CfCRl, 8 "QiI'1 qft q;;ft- 31~ 31tt't.!C'I'1
'If''T -"-Fci cp 1C'1~ >n' Ji ~l'1

cpCf)I{, -"-F>-rn ' v , ~ ~ fq
... v
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, ~
Luteum ) x't 'llIFcid ~ ~ I 3J1l"X <?i'<1fq,,; ~ ~ ~ <r'l X1CIlT ~ <n ~ ~"CfiTIf ~

CflX 'TT <6T ~ <IT >li Ji ~i '1 131 ~ 'f'r '1 <tt C!>4T x't ~ 31 {j If) C'I ~ iJlTdT ~ I ~ tt Cf) 1 f.'1 c; 1'1
'iC'l1~14 Gftw x't 3Rfl:rcr ~ !';1C'lifin ~ 3lQ:fCIT ~"I'i Sl'IJi~i'1 qJ[ X'(R -.:rrq CflX 4'i'<1fq,,;
<tt "CfiTIf!ff'fd1 qJ[ 3i C; I\ill "" II 41 \iIT {j Cf) d I ~ I ~ -.rcrrcr cf; ~ ~ cf; 2- 3 ~
'IT"<;" 1500 3l;J~1'i14 <f-'rc hCG <n 10 'i1~<I5i lJT+l GnRH qJ[ ~Ji~I'1 "C'I'lT ~ x't ~
'If''T ~ <tt c:x "I'i C!>4T "IT"<ft ll<fr ~ I <gt9 ~31T ~ ~ cf; 8- 18 ~ 'IT"<;"
Sli Ji ~l '1 qJ[ ~ Ji ~ I'1 "C'I'lT ~ ~ c:x "I'i ~ di d {I "IT"<ft ~ I
f.'t ~*1 "CfifflllPT-mm"'l'

· m TfTlif "Qr c;f~\d ~ Ncf '& ~ 3!"ifffi'
50
"ft ¥ it "\ilJ{fi ~ I 1R<f ~ lR 1J'l1fuR ~ "ft ~ RY'I c ill ~ 'I "C!JT
4 '14 I c.>! ClJ
~IClJI'I itffi ~ I ~ RlFcP~<1 >!'itA <f; ~ -q PGF2a"C!JT ~Ji~I'i c.>!'IIClJ'I 101'
Pl~"ii(1 CICI'\llR 1J'l1fuR ~ ~ \iffifT ~ 1"1) ~Ji~I'i '"1c.>!I~I<1 "'1ftW'["ft qRqCfCl
[q(1fC\'-5 <tt ~~ -q '"1<;"iiill <f; 5-it "ft 16-it ~ <f; ~ c.>!'II<11 \iffifT ~ I ftR
,,1' I~ lR '"1 c.>! I~ I<1 "'1ftW'[ <tt ~ \3 q c.>! &:f ~ ~, qgl 11 R'iT <f; 3i (1 'II c.>! lR 2
~Ji~I'i c.>!'IIQ \Jlffi ~ I PGF2a <f; ~Ji~I'i c.>!'114 <f; Pl~"ii(1 72 "QCi 96 "Eft <f; "fTC';
1J'l1fuR m "ft 'T'f t:fRUT ~ -q ¢& 5tfi ~ I
~ flil~ 31c.>!I<l1 PlhlR>lf&(1 \341<1 oft 314'i1~ "ii1f%1I I
• ~ cnT ''11 ClJ it I
• 3I'R q '1 q I c.>! ClJ cnT ~ <f; Tflff -q 3IA "C!JT ~ CICI'\l "C!JT 1:f(11 ~ ~ ill i.3X'r "'" ~
Tflff -q ~ i.3X'r 1J'l1fuR ClJ 'II 'i I "ii If6 Q "(1"m ftR 12 "Eft "fTC'; <;1 <11'1 I 1J'l1fuR ClJ'II 'i I
"iilf6Q I
• ~ 1J'l1fuR ClJ I<1ClJ (1 i cnT F6Ij~ p(1 cfr4 <tt ~ '-5 f2;j 'I <!£Cf ~ "ft ClJ'I41 "ii If6 Q I
ifm -q ~~ '"1<;<liIc.>! (Silent heat) ~ fl'"1'f1l1

• ~ <f; cgc;r ~q \3 «"II <; 'i -q ih1 <f; ~ <tt "11' h<; I{I 56 >I Fc'I ~ I(1 t ~ <II cF1<;
'l1ffif -q ~ <tt >I \JI 'i 'i !H11dT ~ <!>'l ~ \ill q '1 q Ic.>! ClJl <f; ~ 3Ilf2fcp ffiTI "C!JT
<Ii I\! UI <A\fi ~ I ~ '"1 <; ClJ I C1 <IT ~ Tflff ih1 <tt ~ >I \JI 'i 'i f1 '"1 «II ~ \ill \3 'i c61
\3 «"II <; 'i 3tR ~'i ,,«"II <; 'i !H11dTlR >I Fc'I <Ii~C1 wrrcr '-51 C1 ci) ~ I
• <rl 'iff! ~ >I \JI 'i ClJ 5tfi ~ I '"1 <; <Ii IC1 -q ~ <f; <II cF1<; ~ '"1 <; ClJ IC1 <IT Tflff <f;
"C'l"W'[ ~ ~ "ft >I <; ~i(1 ~ m ~ I ~ <tt ~ 31CI"X{21T cnT ~ '"1 <; ClJ IC1 <IT ~
Tflff ~ \iffifT ~ I
• m"ft <:ffi Wff ~3lT ~ <tt ~ 3i'-5I~I<1 <f; lllfll><1'i 'lJ1f21<1iC1 "C!JT R1ClJlxi "QCi
~ffiUT f.l C1 cg C1 f11 '"11 "'"I itffi ~ cOl FcP'i ftR oft '1<; <f; "C'l"muTI eM ~ ~
<!>'l 5tfi ~ I
• ~ -q <:ffi f1 '"1 «II ~ ~ -q 3Ifuq;- ~ "l"f<fi ~ I ih1 -q <II (11''1'1 UI "C!JT (11 q '"11 'i "QCi
311 s; (11 eM ¢& <f; 31 jM m <tt !H11dT ~ <!>'l 5tfi ~ I
311 q ClJl d I c.>! 4
• 3Ifuq;- (11 q '"11 'i <tt "C[\Jfg "ft ~ ?IDl -q 'iff! ~ Tflff <tt "C[\Jfg "ft q ~ ~ II 'i <5Cft
~ 3tR 3l"CR'R ~ '"1 <; ClJ IC1 <IT ill ~ "\!5dT ~ <IT \3f1 q\) ~ ~ "CI5"'l
5tfi~ I
51
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I~ i ~ I·; i ~ it ~ t i i ~ i
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;g~! ~'~i ~~~~ ~ g~~ ~ tIl ~
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~ ft"~ - ~iiw~1& i l _
~Up!hLil!'H!
w
H~~~ ~ Ut d Hh" I", ~ ~ t E~ ,!;Ii
. .~ . .. .....
• ~ xTtr if ~3IT if ~<m q\') 3ffi'r>:I fil '116"1 if ~ ~ \iffilT t I
• ~3IT if ~ <!iT {jCf""1 ~ ~ q\') fl'.,jl'l ~ "R ~3IT if 3i'SCPI~ q\') fl'."l'i ~
xTtr cf; ~ C'f1ffUT t I tRT cf; ~ 'R (j"l'i 3lT i:ilT<fr t ji'Jffi i5 I" m'11 m t I
• ~ q;'r ~ xTtr if <fG! 'J>t!ll'l 3ffilT t \J1l 'IR 'IR '3m<""l1 Ji'R ild<""ll ~ t om
\i1T;sT Ji'R CJ)"If'Iif Gi'f 'BT Nill ~ t I
• ~cf;'Il"C;~~~
• xTr\r ~ cf; mf.1 ~ / ~ /"'Im q\') "i:iIffl
• xTr\r '1 jlS11 cf; cfr<f q\') "i:iIffl
• ~3IT if i{'{~dfflXi q\') ~ Xi'!><1 >I'1lfUl<""I RlRP<'(il"'1tt t I
• X'<R{Q" 'TTl< >tm cf; ~ (~ / 61u<t1m ~ Cfid / Cfic<t13IT) if 3-6"'lT5 q\') 3lT<J
if i{'{~ <'<'11 S- 19 ~Cf'lfH <'t e) Cfi ICfi'l"1 CfiN I'i I ill f6 ~ I
• "'1l:!" '1ll;fl~ 1J1; ~3IT q;'r i{'I1 <'<'11 xi<lJ'lOI q\') "i:iIffl fmiI fiAT 3R1 X'<R{Q" ~3IT cf;
'/W.l "Cfi'l1T "'i ffi I
• ~ <'t '3 ('tJ "i 1j(l 'i <I "ll <""I ~ ~ q;'r ~ cf; "'I1T2.T f11 <11 Cfi 'I m "l'fl'i cf; 3R'
c:orr ~ ill f6 ~ ft1 Xi '11 (ij' I J1 ~ ~ qaft \3X't ~ "'i ~ I
• 3T1R ~ <!iT ~ "§3lT t \R[ X'QlR q;'r rq, 'i I" <1 GRT fc) xi if) f11 <""I Cfi'l 'i I ill f6 ~ I
• xl<ft 11l<:T ~ cf; ~ ~ q;'r X'<R{Q" 'i I"'I1CI cf; Wl11'T 3-4 Xi'<1Ii5 '34'11'<1 ~<lluJ 61fr1C:I4'I q;'r Ul'\lCfi"! 2.T'i cf; ~R'J'i1'S if
f.'! <II Xi Cfi,,! <""II t \J1l ~ cf; '/W.l 3ffilT ~ t I 3l(f: ~ q;'r wU >I Cfi 1'1 <'t '3611 <1 'Ii<
tfIrrr ill f6 ~ I
• TTfitl ~3IT q;'r i{'I1 <'<'11 ffl Xi <!iT tt"CIiT"'1tt <1' I <II 'i I ill f6 ~ I
54
:t<lift ~3IT 1)' ~ ,(;",4 (Retained Placenta) ~ 'fl'l'f<ll
tll'1I"'1C1: lTTlR ~31T l'i ~ cf; 3-6 tR cf; 3RX ~~: ~ f.'1Cf)('1 3ffi9T~, ~
3i1R ~ cf; 8-12 tR cf; <IT<; '>fr ~ '1tf f.'1Cf)('11 ~ TIl iRI ft-eITff cnT ~ "CflT '(;Cf) '1 I
~~ «'l '!lei <Pm \ilTC1T ~ I
ftA" 31'"1 '11 <'<l ~ 1)' ~ 3lCif> \JI1C11 t <IT f.'t hj ~ Rl:! C1 t
• 1fIfqm
• 'Ii ill I'1 Cf) ~ x'rT ~ ~<'"<'il ffl Xi, ciJ A11" 01l ~ Cf) eR3I'i ffl Xi ",111 R
• 41 ~ Cf) m<i'i "CflT 31 fi j('1 '1

• "fllfI1 <l ~ J:rflCI
<!I'efUT
• ~ ~ CfCf) ('1 eq)'J ~ ~

• ~ cf; mf.'r GN <l iii <; ~<; InITer f.'1 Cf) ('1 (41 ~ ~
• (414 '11 '1 ~ "fl"ffi qjt 'Tft'r l'i cf.& 51 \iIlCfr ~

• ~ \'l (til <; '1 l'i <Plfr
• ~qjt<Plfr
~ cf; "ffifr "fllfI11R "'f f.'1 Cf) ('1 ~ <l q ~q I('1 Cf) cnT ~ m 5lcft ~ I m<:r: ~ cf; ~
l'i 'liill'1 0 I 51 \ilTC1T ~ 3fR ~ m$1.T qjt fuTft'r \'l (tI '"'i m\iIlCfr ~ I ~ cf; Wli "'1
~ l'i 3TR l'i ~ 51 \iIlCfr t J:rflCI \'l q '< I"t1 'l<; 31' (4 '< I('1 'I""G \ilTC1T ~ 3fR ~ <!Ji[ <!Ji[
fll> '< ~ "/.IT Rq) e ~ ~ 'I "CflT ~ ICf) I'< m\ilTC1T ~ I
RI Fa> ctfl C'<1111 wi<R l'i ~f.'1111 ,,1 <'!a'l:! <1fT ~ ~ qjt 'lTGT ~ cf;
\JI '1 '1 i'I iJl"C'G <l iJl"C'G 3J1:R\ Xii '11 "'1 fuTft'r l'i 'II q Xi 3lT"\J1l"1Z I
• 3fCCf; ~ ~ cnT mf.'r '1T'f l'i WI" '51 ('1 Cf) '< tlrt tlrt ~l"q Cf) '< f.'! Cf) I('1 ~ "CflT (4 ~ Cf) I ~
"ffTC'f'i <l wi]> I fcI><rr \ilTC1T m ~ &l Fcl>'1 ~ m <l ~ ~ "S3lT ~ qjt ~ ~
55
c#t 'i1'1if) 'ffif <PT ~ jif){ll'i q§iI<11 t I ~ <rR ~ -!i 'ij\il'i 10i tiil>'i°l m
\iIT<1T t I
• Fcl ~~I) -!i \iR <iJ 31 cif)o1 "<liT ~ {l'llC'f \3qill, t -~ \3Qill'l 'IT if),'il I \iR <PT
<l~ ~ ~ \iIT<1T t \ilT 'IT"G" -!i ~ <iJ ti cg iI '1 10i 'J'(icq Iif) ~ 01 f i it
3l1A 3jfq ~ f.1 if) C'f 3lT<1T t I ~ <1 if) -11 if) <PT "lR(l <iJ 'T'f ell <11 q, 01 -!i 31 Q'1 I'1 I
\3R1<1 'ltf t I
· W <iJ ql<1lq,OI -!i ~ ~i!<1' \3QIIl <nft t c#t mf.'r <iJ ~ -.rr<if 5T~ :S1C'fif),
'11 {l I"h' 10i c;c;IT <PT <g,:s 1111 \iIT1:!" TIm crrfi ~ it \iR "<liT f\'n <1 '1 I f% 'Hi I 311 {l 1-11 it
f.1 if) C'f <11t i3X'! ~ ~ f.1 if) IC'f I \iIT1:!" I 3fTR ~ em; \iR 'ltf f.1 if) C'f 'IT X5T mill
<!II iI <11 '1 'ltf if)'..fi iI If% ~ I
• \iR <PT f.1 if) IC'f 01 <iJ 'IT"G" 3-5 ft.1 (fill ~ ~ -!i 2- 4 1fb ~ 141 Fe if) <iJ ~'I C'f {l
ffi ~ illf%~ ~ 'i1~~l'hXl\ill'i 10i ~ <iJ ~1C'f{l 3l~ R=m'ilfC'flCMIf{j'i <IT
2:~I{lI~crc.f1'i <iJ 'IlC'f{l l;c-IlIR I
• tiil>'i°l <PT ~lif)o1 <iJ ~ 3-5 ft.1 (fill 3i<1q~~lllWf (1M) it ~Qc'lqf.1f{j~'i <IT
2:s;ml~cro11'i 1fb ~1"llFeif) <nT l;~c&I'i C'flll'il illf%~ I
56
• CffiR ~'1I~lfi!I'1 4~<lc: em ~J1~I'1 0.5 fi'ro mo >ffi'r f4>(>j~ ~11~RCj) Cf\if'1 cf;
31j'!1l~ 5 ~(fCj) ('1'11'11 tllf@« I
• i2lR ~ 1-211TPj~ CIT'1T fi'r~ cf; W~ Wfll1T 150- 250 m11 {N'!11 31~ 1'Ilj) c·i~
em ~ ~~\ijI'11 ~ tllf@« I ~ \it< cf; ~ ~ ~ f.'lCj)('1;'j if {H,I <1 (1 I >IGT'1 Cj)~(11
tl
• i2lR cf; ~ ~ ~ <PT wl ~ 1 f4>(>jl ~ q ~ em C;~<11 ~ tllf@«, ~ \it<
cf; f.'l Cj) ('1;'j if l'fG"G fi!I ('1 d'I t I
• >rf!C[ cf; ~ 30-50 31'ffXl~<1 ~ 31ICRflclfu'1 31(1(hft<1 'Wf (1M) ~ WlT ~

tll f@« I ~ \it< 31 c: Cj);'j ctt ~ if <PlfT 3!ffi\ ~ I
• '<l '!IT<lT l'f<1T t ctt ~ cf; 311 ftl ~ if 3T'R ~ <PT ft c'i f.'l <1 '"1 3ffi Fck Ifi!I '1
'"161;'j
E ~ ~ 3ffi to (><Ii I ell I<11 '"1 Cj) M I ~ ill \it< fil ('1 cg ('1 ~ ~ ~ f.'l Cj) ('1
\iITdT t
•••
57
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~ "'le'1l
\iii! ~ if» ~ 3M I'Ii if "ffiT \i!Tffi ~ "ill 15-20 ~ qft 3lT<! if '3 '1 cB m->T C!ilC ~
illltq I ~ ~ 3l']"q"'H if C'I '$CIJ~ rn crrcft m xl N 111 \ilT 'Ii CIJ <11 ~ I ~ Cfil'l
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lfC'I" ~ \i!Tffi ~ I
• ~ ~l;) 4~ ~ ~ r:si514~ em- ClJfti4'i "QX ~ clT \Jl"I(fi ~ Rim) m->T <f; ~
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qft Cfjl~ICfjI~ ~ \Jl"I(fi ~ I
• ...-q mt <tlt ~ ~ "lJlt ~ qft ~ em- CIJ fti <1l "QX GEIT ~ \i!Tffi ~ I
•••
61
'8ig 4-gll~ tf~ 81Fl-e?l
• tr~3IT cSt all J1IR'1T T!l:i 3GRl "1SIllIQ
•
• %<:Rt tr~3IT cf; ~ Rl~I~ ut\"citct it<JT T!l:i 30fCbl -go[lTof
• %<:Rt tr~3IT cf; ~ 1i'l21 \,;1 ell ut \"cit ct it<JT T!l:i 30f Cbl Qai El Of
• %<:Rt tr~3IT cf; ~ 3lciSl>IJ1Cb it<JT T!l:i 30fCbl -go[lTof
• ~ ~ ~ ~. cf; Q~i!iI it<JT T!l:i 30fCbl QaiElOf

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• ~ ctT '3 cq I c; '1 Wf\1T ~ tIC \jf["(fi ~ I
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