DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR

7th Semester Mechanical Engineering

VIBRATION LAB (ME 1730)

LABORATORY RECORD

NAME: ___________________ PHOTO

BATCH: __________________

ROLL NO: _______________

REGISTER NUMBER: ______________________

MUJ/ME1730

1
 INDEX PAGE

Section________

Record Viva-voce Total

Sl. Page Marks Marks Signature of
Name of the experiment Marks
No. No. (3) Faculty
(7)
1 Oscillations of simple pendulum 3-4

2 Oscillations of compound pendulum 5-6

Un-damped torsional vibrations of single

3 7-8
rotor system

Damped torsional vibration of single rotor

4 9-10
system

5 Torsional vibration of two rotor system 11-12

6 Undamped free vibrations of spring 13-14

7 Whirling speed of shaft 15-16

8 Bi-filler suspension 17-18

9 Natural vibrations of a spring mass system 19-20

Forced damped vibrations of spring mass

10 21
system

11 Dunker ley’s rule for transverse vibrations 22-23

Forced damped vibrations of simply

12 24
supported beam

13 Static balancing of rotating mass system 25-27

Dynamic balancing of rotating mass

14 28-30
system

TOTAL MARKS

Final internal marks awarded (out of 60)

2
 EXPERIMENT NO. 1

AIM: - To study the oscillations of simple pendulum.

INTRODUCTION: A simple pendulum consists of a mass m hanging from a string of length L

and fixed at a pivot point P. When displaced to an initial angle and released, the pendulum will
swing back and forth with periodic motion

PROCUDURE:

Fix the balls with nylon ropes into the gripping chucks provided at the top beam of the
frame and adjust the balls to a suitable length. Measure the length of pendulum as shown in
fig.1. Oscillate the pendulum and measure the time required for 10 oscillations. Repeat the
procedure by changing the ball and changing the length.

Fig. 1
OBSRVATIONS:-

Sr. Ball Length of Time for 10 oscillations

no. Diameter string 'm'
(mm)

CALCULATIONS:

For simple pendulum, natural frequency of oscillations.

1 g
f n  Hz
2 L

3
 1

T

Where,
T = Time period (sec./cycle)

Therefore,
L
T  2 
g

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 10 𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

And Experimentally, T=
10

Compare the values obtained practically and theoretically.

RESULT: Tth = Texp =

CONCLUSIONS:

Plot a graph: 't2 ' v/s ‘L’

PRECATUTIONS:

4
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2

AIM: - To determine radius of gyration of compound pendulum.

INTRODUCTION: A rigid body when allowed to oscillate in vertical plane about the axis of
suspension under the action of gravitational force is called as a compound pendulum.

PROCEDURE:
Mount the pendulum over the suspension shaft, fitted at top beam of frame.
Oscillate the pendulum and measure the time required for 10 oscillations. Repeat the
procedure by mounting the shaft in different holes.

OBSERVATIONS:

Length of rod (L) = cm

Sr. No. h (cm) Time for 10 oscillations.(Sec.)

1.

2.

CG

Fig: Compound Pendulum

5
CALCULATIONS:-
,
We have,
m = mass of compound pendulum = 1.610 Kg
k= Radius of gyration about an axis through c.g. perpendicular to plane of
oscillation (kth=𝐿/√12)
h = distance between suspension hole and c.g.

Experimentally,
Time for 10 oscillations
Period, 𝑇=
10

Now, for compound pendulum

𝑘 2 +ℎ2
T = 2√
𝑔.ℎ

Where T = Time period (sec./cycle)

RESULTS: - Compare the theoretical and experimental value of radius of gyration of

compound pendulum

CONCLUSION:-.

PRECAUTIONS:-

6
 EXPERIMENT NO: 3

AIM: To study the undamped torsional vibrations of single rotor system.

PROCEDURE:
Fix the rotor at the threaded spindle fitted in bearing over the upright of the frame.
Fix the gripping chuck over the spindle. Fix the stationery spindle bracket at suitable
length from the rotor and fix another gripping chuck to stationary spindle. Thread the
shaft through the spindle and tighten the chucks. Oscillate the rotor by hand and measure
the time required for 10 oscillations Repeat by changing shaft length.

Figure : Torsional Vibration of Single rotor system

OBSERVATIONS:

Sr. no. Shaft Length (m) Time for 5 oscillations (sec.)

1.

2.

CALCULATIONS:

Time for 5 oscillations

Experimentally, 𝑇=
5

Theoretically,

1 CJ
fn  
2 L I

Where,

7
 C = Modulus of rigidity of shaft = 8.5 × 1010 N/m2
J = Polar moment of inertia of shaft = (π/32) x d4 = 9.91 × 10-12 m4
d = Diameter of shaft = 3 × 10-3 m
L = Length of shaft (m)
I = Mass moment of inertia of disc (Kg.m2)

D2
I  m
8
Where,
m = mass of disc. (In Kg) and
D = Diameter of disc (m)

We have,
Disc -  225 x 8 mm thick; mass = Kg; I = kg.m2

RESULT:-

CONCLUSION:-

PRECATUIONS:-

8
 EXPERIMENT NO. 4

AIM: To study damped torsional vibration of single rotor system.

PROCEDURE:
Fix the shaft at bracket fitted near the top beam of the frame. Attach the rotor and
damping drum to the bottom of the shaft. Attach the descender to the frame. (Normally
these are already attached). Put the damping liquid into the damping reservoir. (This may
be water or oil). Set the pen holder at suitable position. Fix the paper over the recording
drum. Fix the guide bush at suitable position. Oscillate the rotor carefully so that lateral
oscillation do not appear. Lift the descender and gently press the pen over the paper.
Repeat the procedure by changing the depth of immersion and damping fluid.

OBSERVATIONS:-
Damping fluid –

Sr. No. Low water level High water level (Low (High
amplitudes(cm) amplitudes(cm) water water
level) level)

CALCULATIONS:
Let x1 and x2, be amplitudes at successive time intervals t1 and t2
Then, logarithmic decrement,
 = Log (x1 /x2)
Let, damping factor = ζ
2𝜋𝜁
Then  =
√1−𝜁 2
Low water level High water level
1 = ; ζ1 = 1 = ; ζ1 =

2 = ; ζ2 = 2 = ; ζ2 =

3 = ; ζ3 = 3 = ; ζ3 =

9
RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:-

PRECAUTIONS:

10
 EXPERIMENT NO. 5

AIM: Study the torsional vibration of two rotor system.

PROCEDURE:
Fix the two rotors over the spindles over the frame uprights. Thread the shaft into the
chucks and fix the shaft by tightening the chucks. Hold one rotor firm by hand and twist the
shaft by gently pulling another rotor. Release the hands simultaneously. Let the system
oscillate. Record the time required for ten oscillations of system.
Repeat the experiment by adding different weights over the cross arm of the system
(Add the weights symmetrically).

Figure: Torsional Vibration of Two rotor system

OBSERVATIONS :

Sr. no. Shaft length i.e. tip to tip of chuck. Time for 10 oscillations.
(m) (sec.)

CALCULATIONS :
Now, mass moment of inertial of small rotor,
D2
I a  ma . a
8

To locate the node point,

Let distance of small rotor from node point be La and hence distance of bigger rotor is
(L-La)

11
Therefore, Ia. La = Ib. (L- La)

𝐼𝑏 .𝐿
La =
𝐼𝑎 +𝐼𝑏

Frequency is given as
1 C .J
f  .
2 I a .La

1 I .L
Therefore, T  2 a a
f C.J

where ,
C = Modulus of rigidity = 8.5 x 1010 N/m2
J = Polar moment of inertia of shaft
 4
.d = 1  10-11 m4
32
d = shaft dia. = 3.17  10-3 m

RESULT:-

CONCLUSION:-

PRECATUTIONS:-

12
 EXPERIMENT NO. 6

AIM:-To study undamped free vibrations of spring.

APPARATUS: - Spring, Attachment to hold masses (weight holder), masses (1 Kg, 2

Kg, 3 Kg), stop watch, scale for measurement

PROCEDURE:
Fix the spring to the stud. Attach the weight holder to the spring. Fix the scale for
the measurement of elongation of spring at suitable position. Note initial reading. Attach
different weights to spring and note down the deflection. Find out stiffness 'k' of spring.
Repeat the experiment with different springs.
Now, with the weight attached to spring, set the spring vibrating by slightly stretching
the spring and note down the time for 10 oscillations. Repeat the experiment with
different springs at different weights.

OBSERVATIONS: Initial deflection of spring due to weight holder=

Mass of weight holder=0.832 Kg

Sr. Attachment mass Deflection Stiffness(k) Time for 10

no. ‘m’ Kg.  (m) N/m oscillations

0.832+added
mass

CALCULATIONS:

W
Stiffness of spring, k = N/m

Where W = weight of mass placed on weight holder
 = Total deflection of spring – initial deflection

Time period of oscillation (Theoretically)

m
T  2
k
Where m= 0.832+added mass

13
 Time for 10 oscillations
Experimentally, 𝑇=
10

RESULT:-

CONCLUSION:-

PRECAUTIONS:-

14
 Experiment No. 7

AIM: - To determine whirling speed of shaft theoretically and experimentally

THEORY:-
At certain speed, a rotating shaft or rotor has been found to exhibit excessive
lateral vibrations (transverse vibrations). The angular velocity of the shaft at which this
occurs is called a critical speed or whirling speed or whipping speed. At a critical speed, the
shaft deflection becomes excessive and may cause permanent deformation or structural
damage. Therefore it is important to note that the machine should never be operated for any
length of time at a speed close to a critical speed.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Fix the required shaft at the driving end.

2. Fix the bearing block at tail end (either for fixed end condition or free end
condition) and tighten the shaft.
3. Start the motor and slowly increase the speed. At a certain speed, disc will vibrate
violently. Note down speed with the help of tachimeter.
4. Increase the speed. Now shaft will operate above critical speed without vibrations.
5. Repeat the procedure by changing the end conditions.
6. Repeat the procedure by changing shaft.

SPECIFICATIONS:-
Mass of disc =
Mass of shaft =

OBSERVATIONS:-

S. No. Shaft size(mm) End conditions Whirling

speed(rpm)

Calculations:-

1) Considering own weight of shaft

Deflection of shaft under own weight,
5.m1 .g.l 4
 s1  ……………………..ends fixed
384.E.I
m .g.l 4
 s2  1 ………............... one end fixed and one end free
185 .E.I
2) Considering mass of disc only
m .g.l 3
 d1  2 ………………….both ends fixed
192 .E.I

15
 7.m2 .g.l 3
d2  ……………….one end fixed and one end free
768.E.I
3) Frequency for own weight of shaft

0.5623
f ns 
s
4) Frequency for disc weight only
0.4987
f ns 
d
5) Resultant frequency of shaft be f n , then can be calculated as-
1 1 1
2
 2  2
fn f ns f nd

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

PRECATUTIONS:

16
 EXPERIMENT NO. 8

AIM: To determine the radius of gyration of a body using bi-filar suspension.

PROCEDURE:
Attach the bi-filar suspension strings to the hooks mounted at top beam of the
frame. Adjust the strings to equal lengths. Fix the weights required over the beam of bi-
filler. Oscillate the system about vertical axis passing through the center of beam.
Measure the time required for 10 oscillations.
Repeat the procedure by changing the length of suspension.

OBSERVATIONS:-

SR. TOTAL LENGTH AVERAGE FREE DISTANCE BETWEEN TIME FOR 10

NO. OF SUSPENDED LENGTH OF SUSPENSIONS OSC. (SEC.)
ROD (L) SUSPENSION STRINGS (a)
(l )
1
.
2
.
3
.

CALCULATIONS :

For bi-filar suspension,

a *T g
k
4 l

Where,

T = Time period.(sec)
L = Total length of suspended rod.(m)
l = Average free length of suspension strings.(m)
a = Distance between suspension strings.(m)

ANALYTIC APPROACH:-
For a solid object with a rectangular cross-section, moment of inertia about it’s of center of mass G
is expressed as
𝑀 𝐿2
𝐼𝑠 =
12
Since rectangular bar has bored holes within it, therefore its moment of inertia is:-
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑠 − I𝑜 (𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠)
17
Where
1
I𝑜 = 𝑛 ∗ ( 𝑀𝑜 𝑅𝑜2 ) + 2 ∗ 𝑀𝑜 ⅀𝑋 2
2
Where n is the bored holes, MO is the mass of bored holes, RO is the radius of bored holes
and X is the distance from each hole (on either side) to the center of rectangular bar.
However,
𝑀𝑜 = 𝜌𝜋𝑅𝑜2 𝑡
Where 𝜌 density of rectangular bar and t is is the thickness of rectangular bar.

GRAPHICAL METHOD:-
𝑙∗𝐼
𝑇 2 = 16𝜋 2 ( )
𝑚𝑔𝑎2
Invariably, T2 can be plotted against l, whereby the slope can be used to determine the
𝐼
moment of inertia, I, i.e. the slope =16𝜋 2 (𝑚𝑔𝑎2 ). Since m and a are known, I can be
determined accordingly.

S.No. T(sec) T2 l (m)

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

PRECATUTIONS:

18
 EXPERIMENT NO. 9

AIM: To study natural vibrations of a spring mass system.

PROCEDURE:

Attach thicker beam of mass ‘m’ at suitable length after attaching the spring and
stud at other end. Set the system vibrating by a gentle jerk and record the time required for
10 oscillations.

Figure: Natural vibration of spring mass

OBSERVATIONS:-

Sr. no. Spring stiffness Time for 10 Oscillations (Sec.)

(N/m)

CALCULATIONS:-

Mass of beam (m) = 1.95 Kg

Length of beam (L) = 0.925 m.
Moment of Inertia of beam Io = mL2/3

Governing Equation of the system:-

Io θ̈+ k L2 θ = 0

19
 1 3k
fn  Hz
2 m

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 10 𝑂𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

Texp =
10
Stiffness Calculation:-
From equilibrium under static condition
𝐿
𝑚𝑔 = 𝑘 δst L
2
𝑚𝑔
k=
2 δst

RESULT:

Tth = Texp=

CONCLUSION:

PRECATUIONS:

20
 EXPERIMENT NO. 10

AIM: To study forced damped vibration of a spring mass system.

PROCEDURE:-

Attach the vibration recorder at suitable position, so that pen attached at pen holder
is lightly pressing over the paper. Attach the damper unit to stud. Set the damper at
minimum damping position. Start the vibration recorder. Start the exciter motor and set
it at a required speed. Vibrations are recorded over vibration recorder. Increase the speed
and again let the vibrations be noted. At a resonance speed, the vibration may be
disturbed as the whole from vibrates in a irregular manner.
Increase the damping and again repeat the experiment. As damping is increased,
amplitude of vibrations are reduced.
Plot the graph between amplitude vs frequency for each damping condition.

OBSERVATION:-

Frequency (Hz) Amplitude(mm)

CONCLUSION:-

PRECATUITIONS:

21
 EXPERIMENT NO. 11

AIM:-To Verify Dunkerley’s rule for transverse vibrations.

PROCEDURE:
Fix the flat with stud at center between the two trunion brackets. Fix the required weight
to the stud and tighten with the help of nut. Set the beam vibrating by a gentle stroke and
measure the time required for 10 oscillations.
Repeat the experiment with different weights.

SPECIFICATIONS:
1. E = 27 x 1010 N/m2
1
2. I  .b.d 3 =2.6 × 10-10 m4
12

OBSERVATIONS:-

Sr. no. Length of beam Weight Time for 10 oscillations

m. Kg.

CALCULATIONS:-

Time for 10 oscillatio ns

Texp  Sec.
10

1 1 1 1
2
 2  2  ............  2
fn f n1 f n 2 f ns

1
Where, fn = Frequency of transverse vibrations of system =
T

fn1,fn2=Frequency of vibrations with m1, m2, etc. weights

fns =Frequency of transverse vibrations of beam under its own weight.

0.4987
f n1  (where δ1 is in m)
1

Where, δ1 = deflection due to weight m1

22
 m.g.a 2 .b 2
= m.
3.E.I .L

Where, m = weight in Kg.

And a+b =L

0.5614
f ns  (where s is in m)
s
Where, s = deflection due to weight of beam
5.w.L4
s 
384.E.I

Where, w = uniformly distributed load (beam weight)

= 11.4 N/m

RESULT:

Texp= Tth=

CONCLUSION:

PRECAUTIONS:

23
 EXPERIMENT NO. 12

AIM: - To study the forced damped vibrations of simply supported beam.

PROCEDURE:
Attach the thicker beam between the trunnion on brackets. Fix the exciter over the
beam at the center position. Attach the damper to the system. Set the damper at required
damping. Fix the vibration recorder. Start the exciter and set it at a specific speed. Record
the vibrations at different speeds. At resonance speed, the amplitude of vibrations may be
disturbed as the whole frame vibrates in a irregular manner. Repeat the procedure by
changing the damping.
From recorded vibrations, complete observation table as follows:

Damper position -

Sr. no. Frequency Amplitude

Note: Speed of paper roller is 550 mm / 10 Sec. (500 mm over the paper roll corresponds
to 10 sec.)
Plot the graph of Amplitude V/s Frequency at various damping.

CONCLUSION:

PRECATUITIONS:

24
 EXPERIMENT NO. 13

AIM: To experimentally perform the method of static balancing of rotating mass system

INTRODUCTION: A shaft is said to be statically balanced if the shaft can rest, without
turning, at any angular position in its bearings. Whenever a certain mass attached to a
rotating shaft, it exerts some centrifugal force, whose effect is to bend the shaft and to
produce vibrations in it. In order to prevent the effect of centrifugal force, another mass is
attached to the opposite side of shaft. The process of providing second mass in order to
counteract the effect of centrifugal force of the first mass, is called balancing of rotating
masses. So for a shaft to statically balanced,
∑𝒊 𝑾𝒊 𝒓𝒊 = 0

where, Wi = weight of unbalanced mass; ri= distance between axis of center of rotation to
center of gravity of unbalanced mass

APPARATUS: The apparatus basically consist of a steel shaft mounted in ball bearing in
a stuff rectangular main frame. A set of six blocks of different weights is provided and may
be clamped in any position on the shaft, and also be easily detached from shaft. A disc
carrying a circular protractor scale is fitted to one side of the rectangular frame. Shaft
carries a disc and rim of this disc is grooved to take a light cord provided with two
cylindrical metal containers of exactly the same weight. A scale is fitted to the lower
member frame and when used in conjunction with the circular protractor scale, allows the
exact longitudinal and angular position of each adjustable block to be determined. The shaft
is driven by a motor mounted under the main frame, through a belt.
For static balancing of individual weights, the main frame is suspended to
the
support frame by chains and in this position the motor driving belt is removed.
For dynamic balancing of the rotating mass system the main frame is
suspended from the support frame by the two short links such that the main frame and the
supporting frame are in the same plane.

PROCUDURE: Remove the drive belt. The value of ‘Wr’ for each block is determined by
clamping each block in turn on the shaft and with the cord and container system suspended
over the protractor disc, the number of steel balls, which are of equal weight, are placed
into one of the containers to exactly balance the blocks on the shaft. When the blocks
becomes horizontal, number of balls ‘N’ will give the value of ‘Wr’ for the block.

For Finding out ‘Wr’ during static balancing proceed as follows:

1. Remove the drive belt
2. Screw the combined hook to the pulley with groove. This pulley is different than the
belt pulley.
3. Attach the cord- ends of the pans to the above combined hook.
4. Attach the block No. 1 to the shaft at any convenient position and in vertical
downward direction.
5. Put steel balls in one of the pans till the block starts moving up. (Up to horizontal
position)
6. Number of balls give the ‘Wr’ value of block 1.

25
 7. Repeat the procedure for the other blocks
8. Now after finding out the values of Wr for each block, clamps blocks 1 and 2 on to
the shaft at given (known) angular positions. The shaft becomes statically
unbalanced. See figure below :

9. .To balance the shaft, blocks 3 and 4 are to be clamped at some angular positions
which will satisfy the following equations for static balancing:
∑ 𝑊𝑖 𝑟𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 = 0

∑ 𝑊𝑖 𝑟𝑖 cos 𝜃𝑖 = 0

10. The angular positions of blocks 3 and 4 can be found from the above equations.
Knowing the Wr-values of the four blocks, one should be able to find the unknown
angles with the help of the force polygon
11. Clamp blocks 3 and 4 on the shaft at the determined angles.
12. They should be statically balanced. Verify that the shaft rests in its bearings at any angular
positions

OBSRVATIONS:

Block No. Wr value

26
CALCULATIONS:

RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

PRECATUTIONS:

27
 EXPERIMENT NO. 14

AIM: - To experimentally perform the method of dynamic balancing of rotating mass system

INTRODUCTION: When several masses rotate in different planes, the centrifugal force, in
addition to being out of balance, also forms couples. A system of rotating masses is in dynamic
balance when there does not exist any resultant centrifugal force as well as resultant couple.

APPARATUS: The apparatus basically consist of a steel shaft mounted in ball bearing in
a stuff rectangular main frame. A set of six blocks of different weights is provided and may
be clamped in any position on the shaft, and also be easily detached from shaft. A disc
carrying a circular protractor scale is fitted to one side of the rectangular frame. Shaft
carries a disc and rim of this disc is grooved to take a light cord provided with two
cylindrical metal containers of exactly the same weight. A scale is fitted to the lower
member frame and when used in conjunction with the circular protractor scale, allows the
exact longitudinal and angular position of each adjustable block to be determined. The shaft
is driven by a motor mounted under the main frame, through a belt.
For dynamic balancing of the rotating mass system the main frame is suspended
from the support frame by the two short links such that the main frame and the supporting frame
are in the same plane

PROCUDURE:

1. Put on the dive belt on motor.

2. Take the main frame off from its rigid support and suspend it parallel to the support
frame with the help of links.
3. Place blocks 1 and 2 at given axial and radial positions
4. Radial positions being calculated earlier (in static balancing experiment), axial positions
of blocks 3 and 4 have to be determined for dynamic balancing analytically be using the
following equations or graphically by using the couple polygon

∑ 𝑊𝑖 𝑟𝑖 sin 𝜃𝑖 𝑙𝑖 = 0

∑ 𝑊𝑖 𝑟𝑖 cos 𝜃𝑖 𝑙𝑖 = 0

Let the axial position be indicated by l3 and l4 required for dynamic balancing as shown
in figure below.

5. Clamp locks 3 and 4 at the calculated angular and axial positions

6. Switch on the motor to run the shaft and verify that the shaft does not vibrate.

28
OBSRVATIONS:

CALCULATIONS:

29
RESULT:

CONCLUSIONS:

PRECATUTIONS:

30