You are on page 1of 292

*

* ** * * * *
-
v. v. -- , ,
*
*
* * *
*
*
*
*
* *
*
* *
C ( C f : ').
II. ; : . -, *

&lassic Inteilinear Cranslations


* *

- Select
Orations of Cicero

The original text reduced to the natural English order

WITH A LITERAL

Interlinear Translation ... "

CopyRIGHT, 1895, by ARTHUR HINDs & Co.

HINDS, NOBLE & ELDREDGE, Publishers,


31–33–55 WEST FIFTEENTH STREET, NEw York CITY
N=
tBeos
CAEsAR,
PARsep
oomplkT
of
page
first
- .ephalf ELY
rspecimen
--
-
- ve's.-H..r-
--- Harkness
Gilderslee
-
-G=
-
BGrammar.
Latin
&reenough's
Allen
..."
G4.Gingham's.

Le
[CHAP.
WAR C
GALLIR'S
CAESA
L]
500K
*

* * - -

partös
in
divisa
omnis
est
Gallia
1|aas
Gaul, *****
#,. *
into
divided
divided
isparts
whole,
all
is
Gaul
parts:
three
into

Belgae
incolu
,nt 2. -
ünam m •
quâru
trés,
inhab-
Belgae
the
three,
these;
whichBelgae,
inhabit
ofof
oneOne
itthe
an-
-
Aquitan
the
•-
-
-
*

*•
i
tertia
Aquitä
psoru
qul aliamni, {
mm s",
those|
and
other;
themsel
of
who
(those)
third
the
Aquitan ves
i,
other
the
own
their
in
who
term
generic
the
est);
(divisa
divisa
est
of
subj.
f.,
sing.
nom.
-ae,
Gallia,
1.
LINE
taas
– otality
cAquitan
and iad
onceivens—Belg
Celtica
divisio ica,
three
the
for
irr
the
of
ind
pres.
sing
pers.
3d
est,
Taxatia
is
equival
Greek
The .
ent
il
est
éart;
GK.
ist,
GER.
is,
A.S.
compar
supine; e
,
no
futurus
fui,
esse,
sum,
verb
peri
est,
divisa
compou
the
of
pas
aorart nd...
copula,
the
taken -*.
be
may
text
the
paraphr ast
Greek
the
Thus
3.
-visum,
-visi,
-ere,
dividó,
of
sing.
pers. Ti
-->
end
two 3d
pass., ~
. ~
of
adj.
an
-e,
omnis,
61%ipmrat
by
divisa
est .
ed
translat
and
it,
regarde
and
adv.,
an d ".
."
of
force
the
here
have
to
seems
but
Gallia,
with
agrees
i-stem; -*--
£,CCM
an
ings,
divisa,
443.
H.
6;
325, *-Q,
***
G.
Io;
REM.
128,
B.
191;
G
A.
Consult
w&
a
a* .
hole.
s SJ
=
motion
of
verbs
after
iacc.
with
abl.;
or
prep. nto, ,CIW
in,
above.
est,
see of
plur.
acc.
or
on,
= artés,
ppars,
-
among
n,
rest
of
verbs
after
with
ii.abl.
435,
H.
1,2; 18, –
G
1-2,3;
120,
4B.
15*.*.*
&
A.
GIn.
See
an .
after
aco,
3.;
tis.
*a ;
|
LINEthe lkiequârum,
regularly
declined
i-stem,
an
arta,
adj.
numeral
of
plur.
acc.
trés,
2. *-as,
only
centum,
to
up Hease
pron.
rel,
quod,
quae,
qui,
of
f.
pur.
gen,
cardinals
Of
partãs.
with
agrees
levis;
of
plur declinable. it
are
trés
and
duo antecedent;
partās
to
refers
text
the
in
adj.;
and
subst,
as
both
might adj. 76,
one
-um
-a,
inus,
that
Note
incolunt.
of
obj.
direct
the
is
which G.-ărum,
wi.
-ere,
incoló,
of
act.
ind,
Pres.
plur.
pers.
3d
incolunt,
151.
H.
2;
1, Belgae,race,
-
3.
-cultum,
gender
the
Note
incolunt.
of
subj.
m.,
plur.
nom. other,i.e.
nliefnicsaitoino.n LINE
siegcixei
dfrom
the
than
mrather
a
were
Belgae
The =
lit.
-iud;
-ia,
alius,
adj.
of
r.
sing.
acc. alteram, -um,
=
text
in
but
“nother,
be
would
supplied
if
(partem
second
the
partem;
supply
aliam,
3. ter?us,-um
adj.
ordinal
the
of
f.
sing.
acc.
partem;
supply
tertiam, pndtelrcsaetndoteundrt,;is
rel,
a
antecedent
The
supplied.
be
to
incolunt,
of
subj.
latter
owhich
r n.or ndefinite,more
lheit.
;
-i
dat.
-ius,
gen.
-sum,
-sa
ipse,
pron.
the
m.
tplur.
of
emphatic
mselves; REM.
partitiveacc.
a
is
it
supplied;
to
partium,
modifying
as
taken
be
also
#24s.
after
gen, Gnam,
&
uA.
-
2.
397,
H.
37o;
G.
134;
B.
2;
a,
216,
am,
pan
supply
f.;
sing.
. -a,

151.
AH.
adj.
the
of
m.
plur.
nom.
sub
use’
gquitäni,
uitanus,of Gaul.
western
usnthdaenbrtistvaoenltdys.; 'a,
incolunt
subj.
ias
the
were
They
sout:-- m.is
plus
nom.
qui, subj.
quod;
quae,
Qui,
pron.
rel.
aof
incolunt).
of
obj.
direct
be
would
supplied
if
(partem uits
ei iipsoral..,
omitted
often
context.
the
from
implied
naturally
if
gem. supplied,text
ellipses
With
452.
3,
398,
H.
2;
321,
311,
G.
REM.8;
128,
and
2, the
alian
Belgae,
incolunt
partem
imam
partium:
qudrum
here:
read
would
G.
&
A.
see
decl.,
For
incolunt).
of
obj.
direct
4;
76
G.
1;
REM.
and
56
B.
83;
G.
&
A.
latter.
the
with
connection
in
used
sometimes
and
sud,
than
85,
B,
e;
197,
Gaul.
northern
inhabited
they
origin
in
Celtic
partly
and
Germanic
:Partly
G.
&
A.
see
these,
of
list
For
-i.
dat.
and
-ius,
in
gen.
the
thave
4;
3,
56,
B.
83;

etc.
quâ,
incolunt
ei
part:m
terliam
incolunt,
Aguitäni
£artem

half
**n
Instantaneous Arbitrato... &owe's Parliamentary Usage.
In this book, by an ingenious visualarrangement, the
chairman, the speaker, the member who next has the
floor, or any one else, has before his eyes a complete
view of every rule needed in the conduct of any meet
ing. All rules, all exceptions, every procedure instantly
accessible. Everything in sight. Does not have to be
carried in the hand to and from meeting, but slips easily
into and out of the pocket. Exactly suited to women's
clubs too, being used and recommended by officers
of the General Federation, a "d the W. C. T. U. 50c.

New Parliamenta: y Manual. By Edmond Palmer, A. B.,


member of the Chicago Bar. Improves upon
other parliamentary works by determining the
reasons the logic, of the rules; and by accompanying
the rules with the reasons for them, thus easily and
lastingly fixing them in the memory. Again by cloth
ing the rules in simple lucid English, and by arrang
ing them according to their importance in simple
lucid sequence, any man or woman of ordinary intel
ligence, any boy or girl, is enabled to master them and
actually to conduct a meeting without uproar, without
delays, without confusion, or even friction. 75 cents.
This Manual (75 cents), giving the reasons, along with
Howe's Handbook (50 cents), giving all the rules at a glance
by means of a clever bird's-eye device, together provide an
£ complete and perfect equipment. The two books
for onE. Dollar if ordered at one time.

.iew to Organize and Conduct a Meeting. 75 cents.


Character: A Moral Text Book. By Henry Varnum,
$1.50. For the use of teachers and parents in train
ing youth in the principles of conduct. An aid to
self culture. Not an essay, not an elaborated treatise
by the authcr, but a systematic grouping of the accu
mulated teachings of all times, assembled from manv
sources in many lands, and formulating those precepts
which experience has rightly designated as the wisdom
of the ages—a mirror wherein one may compare his
own character with what the wisdom of the world de.
clares is a perfect man. A book for both the young
and the old. Over 4oo pages, with complete index to
page and paragraph of every character-trait, precept.
epigram, topic, and text. Says Dr. Marden, editor
of “SUCCEss”: “You have certainly covered about
Ahe whole field of ethics and morals,”
*
ORATIONS OF CICERO.

CATILINE —I.

1 Quo usque tandem abutere nostra patientia,


How far at length will you abu8e our patience,
Catilina? Quam diu etiam iste tuus furor eludet
0 Catílíme ? Homo long also will that your fury mock

nos? ad quem finem effrenata audacia


ws ? to what end ' (will your) unbridled audacity
iactabit sese ? Nihil ne nocturnum praesidium
boo8t £tself? Ha8 neither - the mightly guard
Palati te ? vigiliae urbis
of the Palatine (moved) you ? (have) the watche8 of the city
nihil, timor populi nihil,
(moved you) mot at all, the fear of the people m0t at all,
cOncurSUIS omnium bonorum nihil, hic
the as8emblage qf all the good not at all, thís

munitissimus locus senatus habendi


^most fortified place of a 8enate to be held (of holding a
nihil, ora que vultus horum,
senate) not at all, the face8 and looks of the8e (8enator8),
moverunt, nihil ? non sentis
have (these) moved you ín mo wise ? Do yow not perceive
(1)
\
2 CICERO.

tua consilia patere? non vides


your plans are open (exposed) ? IDo you not 8e«

tuam coniurationem iam teneri constrictam


that your conspiracy already is held bound

conscientia omnium horum ? Quem


by the knowledge of all these (senators) ? Whom

nostrum arbitraris ignorare quid egeris proxima,


of us do you suppo8e i8 ignorant what you did Wast

quid nocte superiore, ubi fl >ris,


(night), what on the night before, where you were,
quos convocaveris, quid consili ceperis?
whom you called together, what counsel you adopted ?
2 O tempora ! O mores ! Senatus intellegit
0 the times ! 0 the customs ! The 8emate understandae
haec, consul videt, tamen hic vivif.
this, the consul sees (it), yet this (Catiline) lireg.
Vivit ? immo, vero etiam venit. in senatum.
Iives ? ye8, truly even come8 into the 8enate.
Fit, particeps publici consili, notat et
He become8 a 8harer of the public counsel, he notes and
designat oculis unum quemque nostrum ad
marks out ntith his eyes each qf us for
caedem. Autem nos fortes viri videmur satisfacere
. 8laughter. But we brave men seem to do enough.
rei publicae, si vitemus furorem ac tela
for the republic, $f we awoid the fury and the weapons
istius. Oportebat te, Catilina, iampridem
of that (Catiline). You ought, Catiline, long 8ince
duci ad mortem iussu consulis ; istam
to have been led to death by order of the consul; t/« ,
pestem, quam tu maehinaris iam
destruction, which you have been contríving already
diu in nos omnes, conferri
a long time against us all, (ought) to have been brought
in te. 3 An vero amplissimus vir, 1°.
wp0n ?/ow, Truly that most voorthy man, Publius
^
CATILINE —I. 3

| Scipio, maximus pontifex, privatus, -

Scipio, the pontífea: maa:imus, although a prívate (per8on),


interfecit T. Gracchum, mediocriter
8lew Tiberius Gracchus, only to a 8light degree
labefactantem statum rei publicae : vero n()S;
ineakening the 8tate of the republic: but 8hall mte

consules perferemus Catilinam cupientem


con8ul& endure Catílíne when desirùm q
Vastare orbem terrae caede atque
to lay waste the globe of the earth writh slaughter and
incendiis? Nam praetereo illa nimis antiqua,
with conflagrations ? For I pass over those too amciemt

quod Q. Servilius Ahala occidit S.

(eæamples), that Q. Servilius Ahala killed with his oupn,


manu Spurium Maelium, studentem novis rebus.
hand Spuriu8 Maeliu8, studying for meus : t/uim{8
Ista virtus fuit, fuit
(having revolutionary designs). \_That virtue was, wois
quondam in hac re publica, ut fortes viri coërcerent
0n ce ín this republic, that brave men would crush,
perniciosum civem acrioribus
a dangerou8 cétizem, with 8harper (more severe)
suppliciis quam acerbissimum hostem, Enim
puníshments tham, the mo8t bitter enemy. Pop.

habemus vehemens et grave senatus consultum


^ce have am authoritative and severe decree of the semate
in te, Catilina. Non consilium rei publicae
agoeínst you, Catilîne. Not the counsel of the republic
neque auctoritas huius ordinis - deest ;
mor the authority of this order (the senate) is wanting;
nos, dico aperte, nos consules desumus.
wce, I 8peak openly, we the consuls are wantùm g (to it).
4 Senatus
7'/e 8enate
quondam decrevit
o??Ce decreed
ut I.
that

L. Opimius
consul videret, ne res publica caperet quid
the consul should see, 'est the republic might rece$ve an{!
4 CICERO.

detrimenti. Nulla nox intercessit ; C. Gracchus,


harm. No night $ntervened; C. Gracchus,
elarissimo patre, avo, maioribus,
a son of a mo8t famou8 father, grandfather, (and) ance8tor8,
interfectus est propter quasdam suspiciones seditionum;
wa8 8lain, becau8e of 80me su8picions of trea8on;
M. Fulvius, consularis, occisus est, cum
M. Fulvíus, of consular rank, was külled, wcith.

liberis. Simili senatus consulto res publica


his children. By a like decree of the 8enate the republic
permissa est C. Mario et L. Valerio consulibus;
^cas confided to C. Mariu8 and to L. Valeriu8 the con8uls;
num nOS 8C poena rei publicae remorata est
did death amd the punishment of the republic retard

L. Saturninum, tribunum plebis,


(fail to overtake) L. Saturninu8, tribune of the people,
et C. Servilium, praetorem, unum diem postea?
and 0. Serviliu8, the praetor, one day afterwards ?
At nos patimur aciem auctoritatis horum
But we 8uffer the edge of the authority of* £hese
hebescere iam vicesimum
(the senators) to become blunt already for the twentieth
diem. Enim habemus senatus consultum huius modi,
day. For we have a decree of the 8enate of this sort,
Verllm inclusum in tabulis, tamquam
ín truth, @nclosed in the tablets, «is

gladium reconditum in vagina, €X quo


«t 8?Dord. hóddem, $n. the scabbard, from whäch.
senatus consulto convenit te, Catilina, interfectum esse
decree qfthe senate you ought, 0 Catiline, to have been slain,
confestim. Vivis, et; vivis non ad
£mmediately. You live, amd you live not to

deponendam audaciam, sed ad confirmandam.


lay a8$de gyour boldne88, but tO strengthen £t.

Conscripti patres, cupio me esse clementem ;


Conscript father8, 1 desire my8elf to be mild;
i.
-^ CATII,INE—I. 5

Cupio me non videri dissolutum in


I desére ^my8elf mot to 8eem, arbitrary ün

tantis periculis rei publicae ; sed iam condemno


80 great , dangers of the republic; but mow I condemn
me ipsum inertiae que nequitiae. 5 Castra
íny8elf for inactivity amd megligence. A camp
collocata sunt in Italia contra rem publicam,
has been placed ün Italy against the republic,
in faucibus Etruriae : , numerus hostium
in the jamcs of Tuscany: the m'umber of the ememy
crescit in singulos dies; autem videmus
increa8e8 in. 8üngle day8 (daily); but (06 866

imperatorem eorum castrorum, que ducem


the commander of that camp, and the leader

hostium, intra moenia, atque adeo in senatu,


of the enemy, withim the walls, and even in the 8enate,
molientem cotidie aliquam intestinam perniciem
attempting daily 80}}}6 cïvïl destruction.

rei publicae. Si iussero te, Catilina, iam


to the republic. If I 8hall order you, Catilime, 0?

comprehendi, si interfici, credo


to be seized, $f (I 8hall order you) to be slain, Ibelîeve
erit verendum : mihi ne omnes boni
ét will have to be feared by me that all the good (may)
O. hoc factum esse serius a me, potius
mot (8ay) this wa8 dome too late by me, rather (tham)
quam quisquam dicat crudelius. Verum
t '■oet amyone mag 8ay (it wa8 dome) too cruelly. Eut

ego nondum adducor ut faciam hoc, quod oportuit


I. mot yet : am led to do thés, which ought
factum esse iampridem, de . certa* CallSâ.

to have been done long since, from a certain reasom.


Tum denique interficiam te, cum iam nemo
T/iem, at last I will slay you, when nono mobody
poterit inveniri tam improbus, tam perditus,
woëll be able to be faund 8a wöcked, 80 lo8t
6 CICERO.

tam similis tui, qui fateatur id


(abandoned), 8o léke yourself, a8 to confe88 that ut
non factum esse iure. 6 Quamdiu quisquam erit,
wa8 mot dome by right. A8 long a8 anyone. 8hall be,
qui audeat defendere te, vives ; etvives
who dares defend you, you 8hall live; and you shall lice
ita ut vivis, oppressus meis multis et firmis
80 a8 you live, beset by my many firm
praesidiis, ne possis commovere te contra
guards, le8t you may be able to move yourself against
rem publicam. Etiam oculi et aures multorum
the republic. Al8o the eyes and eoers qf many
speculabuntur atque custodient te nOn
8hall watch, and &hall guard you (phen you do) not
sentientem, sicut fecerunt adhuc.
perceive ít, 8o a8 they have done hitherto.
Etenim quid est quod expectes iam amplius,
For* ^phat ís it which you await nouo amy longe1,
Catilina, si neque InOX tenebris potest
Catíléne, $f meither might with its darkness i8 able
obscurare nefarios coetus, nec privata domus
to conceal your ímpious as8emblies, mor a private house
continere vocem tua coninrationis parietibus ?
to comta in the vo$ce of your conspiracy with its walls ?
si omnia inlustrantur, si erumpunt ?
$f all théngs are brought to léght, éf they burst forth ?
Muta iam istanm mentem : crede mihi : obliviscere
Change mond that purpose: believe me: forget
caedis atque incendiorum. Teneris undique :
8laughter and conflagrations. You are held on all 8ides:
omnia tuâ consilia sunt clariora nobis luce :
all your projects are clearer to me than light :
llae licet iam recognoscas mecum.
vnhich (things) you mag/ mouo 7revienO ^pàth me.
7 Meministine me dicere in senatu,
Do you remember thoet I 8a,id in, the 8em a te,
CATILINE—I. 7

XII. diem ante Kalendas Novembris,


the twelfth day before the Calends of November,
C. Manlium, satellitem atque administrum tuae
that 0. Manlius, the attendatnt α nd a88i8tant of your
audaciae, fore in armis certo die, qui dies
audacity, would be in urms on a certain day, which day
esset futurus XI. diem ante Kalendas Novembris?
would be the siaeth doj before the Calends of November ?

Catilina, non modo tanta, tam atrox, tam


Déd, Catilïne, not only so great, so atrocious, so
incredibilis res, num fefellit me, verum, id quod est
incredible a thing, mot deceive me, but,
that which is
multo magis admirandum, dies? ideni Ego
much more to be wondered at, the day ? I, the 8ame
dixi in senatu, te contulisse
(ρersom), 8aid ín the 8enate, that you had appointed
£aedem optimatum in V. diem ante
/ the slaughter qf the aristocracy for the fifth day before
Kalendas Novembris, tum, cum multi principes
the Calends of November, then, when many I chief (persons)
civitatis profugerunt Roma, non tam ('atlS
of the 8tate fled from Rome, not so (much)for the sake
sui conservandi quam reprimendorum tuorum
of 8aving themselve8 (8 to repress your

| *onsiliorum. Num potes infitiari , te, circumclusam


| 'plans. Coen you deny ' that you, closed aroumd
meis praesidiis, mea diligentia, illo ipso die,
by my guards, by my diligen&e, om that very day,
potuisse non commovere te contra rem publicam ?
were able mot to move yourself against the republic ?
cum tu, discessu ceterorum, dicebas te esse
when you, at the departure of the rest, said you were
contentum tamen nostra caede
content yet with our 8laughter (with the slaughter of
qui remansissemus. 8 Quid ? cum tu confideres te
us) vnho remained. What ? when you belieced gou
8 CICERO.

esse occupaturum Praeneste nocturno impetu


would seize Praeneste by a night attack

ipsis Kalendis Novembris, sensistine illam


on the very Calends of November, did you perceive that
coloniam munitam esse meo iussu, meis praesidiis,
colony had been fortified by my order, by my garrisons,
custodiis, que vigiliis? " Aegis nihil, moliris
guards, and watches ? You a nothing, you attempt
nihil, cogitas nihil, quod ego non non modo
nothing, you decise nothing, which I ao not not only
audiam, sed etiam videam, que plane sentiam.
hear, but even See, and plainly perceive.

Recognosce tandem mecum illam noctem superiorem;


Call to mind at length with me that night before last ;
iam intelleges me vigilare mui: 6
70,000 you will understand that I watch muc, i
* * • k

aCl’IllS ad salutem rei publicae quam - te,


more sharply for the safety of the republic than you
ad perniciem. Dico te : venisse priore
for its destruction. I say you came on the former
nocte inter falcarios–
night among scythe-makers (into scythe-makers’ street)–
agam non obscure– in domum
I will treat the matter not obscurely– into the house of
M. Laeca; compluris socios eiusdem amentiaè
M. Laeca; many partners of the same madness

que sceleris convenisse eodem. Num audes


and crime
came together to the same place. Do you da re
negare? Quid taces ? Convincam, si
to deny it ? Why are you silent ? I will convict you, if
negas. Enim video quosdam esse hic in senatu
you deny. For I see some men are here in the senate
qui fuerunt una cum te. 9 O immortales di !
who were together with you. O immortal gods /
ubinam gentium sumus? in qua
where of nations (where in the world) are we ? in what
*
CATILINE—I. - 9

urbe vivimus? quam rem publicam habemus? Sunt


city do we live ? what republic have we ? There are

hic, hic in nostro numero, eonscripti patres, in


here, here in our number, con8cript father8, in
hoc sanctissimo que gravissimo consilio
this most sacred and
most dignifiédi eouncil of the
• • • . e. • o.

orbis terrae, qui cogitent de meo interitu,


whole earth, those who are plotting comcerming my destruction,
lle nostrum omnium, qui de
and (the destruction) oj' us all, vcho (plot) concernéng
exitio huius urbis, atque adeo orbis terrarum.
the destruction of thi8 city, ' and even of the chole corld.
Ego consul video hosce, et rogo
I. the consul 866 these (per8on&), and I a8k
sententiam de re publica, et vulnero
their opinion concernimq the republie, and 1 wound
€0S nondum vO(•(•, quos oportebat
tho8e mot yet with my toiee, ^tho ought
trucidari ferro, Igitur, Catilina,
to have been 8laughtered with the 8uord. Therefore, Catiline,
fuisti apud Iaeca illa nocte :
you were with Ilaeca (at Laeca's house) or. that might:
distribuisti partis Italiae; statuisti
you distributed the part8 of' Italy , you appointed
quo placeret quemque proficisci ; delegisti quos
wchither it pleased you that each go ; you selected whom.
relinqueres Romae, quos educeres C.

gyou would leoeve at Home, whom you would lead out with
te ; descripsisti partis urbis ad incendia ;
you; you marked out parts of the city for burning ;
confirmasti te ipsum iam esse exiturum ;
you 8oeid (that) you mou (soon) would go out ;
dixisti esse etiam tum paulum morae
you said (that there) was even then a very little delay
tibi, quod ego viverem. IDuo Romani equites
to you, becau8e I. lived. Two I?oman knight3
10 CICERO.

reperti sunt qui liberarent te ista cura,


vbere found who would free you from that care,
et pollicerentur sese interfecturos me in ImeO
and promise themselves to slay ^me in my

lectulo illa ipsa nocte, paulo ante lucem.


bed om that very might, a little before light.
10 Ego comperi omnia haec, etiam vestro
I dìscovered all these (things), even (when) your
coetu vixdum dimisso : munivi atque
a88embly wa8 8carcely yet di8mi88ed : 1fortified and
firmavi meam domum maioribus
I 8trengthened ^my house with greater (stronger)

praesidiis ; exclusi eos quos tu miseras ad me


guard8; I eaecluded those whom you had sent to me
Inane salutatum, cum illi ipsi
in the morning to 8alute me, when tho8e very person8
venissent, quos ego iam praedixeram multis ac
had come, whom I already had foretold to many and
summis viris esse venturos ad me id
to the highe8t men, would come to me at that

temporis.
time.

Cum quae sint ita, Catilina, perge


Since the8e (things) are thus, Catiléne, go on.

quo coepisti ; egredere aliquando eX


as you have begum; go sometime (at length) out of
urbe ; portae patent ; proficiscere : illa
the city; the gate8 are opem; depart: that

Manliana castra tua desiderant te nimium diu


Manlian „camp of yours $damtS g/ou too long
inmperatorem. Educ cum te etiam omnis tuos;
a8 its commander. Lead out with you also all your
si minus, quam plurimos:
(as8ociates); £f le88 (if not all), as many a8 possible: le;
purga urbem : liberabis me magno metu,
cleam se the city: you will free me from great feoer, |0|
CATILINE—I. 11

dum modo S intersit


provided that the wall (the city wall) ^may intervene
inter me atque te. Potes non versari iam diutius
between me and you. You can mot live now longer
cum nobis : non feram, non patiar,
with, 8. I will not beoer £t, I will not 8uffer ít,

non sinam. ll Magna gratia est habenda


I will mot permít ít. Great thanks must be given,
immortalibus dis, atque huic Iovi Statori ,
t0 the immortal gods, and to this Jupiter Stator;
ipsi, antiquissimo custodi huius urbis, quod
him8elf, the mo8t ancíent guardian qf this city, that
effugimus iam totiens hanc tam taetram, tam
we have e8caped mouo 8o many time8 thi8 8o foul, 80

horribilem pestem que tam infestam rei publicae.


horríble plague and (one) 80 hostile to the republic.

Summa salus rei publicae est non periclitanda


The highest safety of the republie is not to be endangered
saepius in uno homine. Quamdiu insidiatus es
too often ïn ome man. As long as you plotted against
mihi, consuli designato, Catilina, defendi me no;
me, the con8ul elect, Catiléne, I defended myself mot
publico praesidio, sed privata , diligentia. ' Cum
by a publie guard, but by my private diligence. Whem.

proximis consularibus comitiis , oluisti interficere


t the la&t consular election& you wished to 8lay
e, cónsulem, et competitores in campo,
me, the consul, and your competitors in the pláí (the
! compressi tuos nefarios conatus
-

Campus Martius), I repressed your $mp$ous „attempt8


praesidio et ' copiis amicorum, nullo tumultu
with a guard and forces of my friends, no tumult

concitato publice : denique, quotienscumque


being eaccited publicly: £n 8hort, a8 qften a8
petisti me, obstiti tibi per me,
you aoemned at 'me, I have opposed you by my8elf.
12 CICERO. .

quamquam videbam meam perniciem esse coniunctam


although I 8aw my destruction was conjoined

cum magna calamitate rei publicae. 12 Nunc iam


with the great downfall of the republic. Now

petis universam rem publicam aperte. Vocas


gou aïm at the whole republîc openly. You call
templa immortalium deorum, tecta
the temple8 of the immortal gods, the roofs (houses)
urbis, vitam omnium civium, denique, totam
of the city, the lèfe of all the citizens, finally, . the whole of
Italiam, ad exitium et vastitatem. Qua re
Italy, to de8truction amd devastation. Wherefore
quoniam audeo nondum facere id quod est
becau8e I dare not yet to do that which is'
primum atque quod est proprium
of great importamce and which is the proper (peculiar
huius imperi que
duty) of this command (of the consular power) and
disciplinae maiorum, faciam
of the di$cipline (custom) of our ancestors, I will do
id quod est lenius ad severitatem,
that {phich îs ^milder @n point of 8everity,
et utilius ad communem salutem. Nam si
and more useful for the common safety. For èf,
iussero te , íiuterfici, reliqua S.
I shall order you to be slain, the rema $a $•*• ΣΙ
coniuratorum residebit in re publica. Sin ... i |
of conspirators will settle in
the republic. But íf we
exieris, quod _ hortor te iamdudum, magn&
shall gò out, $hich I have eaehorted you long since, the grea
sentina tuorum comitum et perniciosa rei publica
dreg& of your companioms and pernicious to the republîc
exhaurietur ex urbe. 13 Quid est, Catilina?
<i vbíll be draéned off out of the city. What £s it, Catílíme ?
Num dubitas facere id, me imperante, quod
Do you hesitate to do that, when I command, c/uic/

CATILINE—I. 13

iam faciebas tua sponte?


just nouo you did (were about to do) ofyour own accord ? ----

Consul iubet, hostem, exire ex urbe ;


The consul orders you, an enemy, to go out of the city;
interrogas me, num in exilium ? Iubeo non ; sed
you ask me, whether énto eæile ? 1 order yow not; but
si consulis me, suadeo. Enim quid,
if you consult me, I advé8e (you to do 80). For what,

Catilina, est, quod iam possit delectare te in


Cutiline, $8 there, which now can delight you in
liac urbe? In qua . est nemo, extra istam
this city ? In which there is no one, outside of that
coniurationem perditorum hominum, qui ()
con8piracy of lost (abandoned) men, who doe8 not

metuit te, nemo qui non oderit. Quae


fear you, no one vcho doe8 not hate you. What

nota domesticae turpitudinis est non inusta tuae


mark of domestie 8hame $8 not branded on your
vitae? Quod dedecus privatarum rerum nOll
life ? What disgrace ín private matters doe8 m ot

haeret in fama? Quae libido afuit


cling to your reputation ? What lu8t ha& been absent
1, ab oculis, quod facinus
from your eye8, what bad deed (has been absent)

umquam a tuis manibus, quod flagitium a


ever from your hands, what villainy from
toto corpore? Cui adolescentulo, quem
your whole body ? To what youth, wt/iom

irretisses illecebris corruptelarum, tll


gou had emsnared by the allurements of debaucheries, did you
:;on praetulisti aut ferrum ad audaciam, aut
mot pre8ent either a sword for his audacity, or
facem ad libidinem ? 14 Vero quid ! nuper
a torch for his lust ? What in very trut/ / lately
cum morte superioris uxoris vacuefecisses
when by the death ofyour former wife you had made vacan*
14 cicERo.
• • r. •

domum 10V1S nuptiis, nonne cumulasti


your house for meus nuptials, did you not heap up
hoc scelus etiam alio incredibili scelere?
(augment) this crime also by amother incredible crimet;
| Quod ego praetermitto, et facile patior
| WhAech 1 pa88 by, and easily suffer to be kept silent, .
sileri,|
ine immanitas tanti facinoris videatur aut
le8t the monstro8ity of 80 great a deed · mag 8eem either
exstitisse in hac civitate, aut non vindicata esse.
to have eæisted in this 8tate, or not to have been pumished.
Praetermitto ruinas tuarum fortunarum, omnis quas
I pa88 by the ruin8 of your fortunes, all wchich

senties impendere tibi proximis Idibus. Venio


you will perceive hang over you at the neaet Ides. I come
ad illa quae pertinent non ad privatam
to those (things) which pertain not to the private
ignominiam tuorum vitiorum non ad tuam domesticam
di8grace of your vice8, not to your domestie.

difficultatem ac turpitudinem, sed ad summam


difficulty and 8hame, but to the ίnterest

rem publicam, atque ad vitam que salutem nostrum


of the republic, and to the life and the safety of |
omnium. 15 Potest lux huius vitae, aut spiritus!
all. Can the light ofthis life, or the breat,
huius caeli esse iucundus tibi, Catilina|
of this heaven (air) be plea8ant to you, Catiline!
Olim scias esse neminem horum
vchen you know that there i8 mo one of these (senators |

qui nesciat te stetisse cum telo iil


who does not know that you stood with a weapon è],
comitio pridie Kalendas Janua: *as.
the assembly hou8e the day before the Calends of Januar,
Lepido et Tullo consulibus',
(January Calends), Lepidus and Tullus (being) consuls
paravisse manum causa interficiendorii i .
£hat you had prepared a band for the 8ake Qf killè.
\ *

cAtiLisE-I. 15

consulum et principum civitatis? Non


the con8ul& and the chief (persons) of the 8tate ? (That) not
Aliquam mentem, aut tuum timorem, sed
any (change of) mind, Or your fear, but.

fortunam populi Romani obstitisse tuo


the good fortune of the Roman people withstood gour

sceleri ac furori? Ac iam omitto illa—


vcickedme88 and fury ? And now 1 omit tho8e thimg8—
enim · neque sunt commissa obscura,
for meither
are (the crimes) committed (by you) obscure,
aut nOn multa—quotiens tu conatus es interficere me
vr mot many-— how often you endeavored - to 8lay ^6

designatum, quotiens consulem ! Quot


(the consul) elect, how often (when) consul ! How many
petitiones tuas ita conjectas, ut viderentur
thrust8 of yours 8o cast (directed), that they 8eemed
non posse vitari, ego effugi quadam
mot to be able to be avoided, I e8caped by a certain,
parva declinatione, et, ut aiunt, corpore !
8mall bending, and, as they say, with the body/
Agis nihil, assequeris nihil, moliris nihil,
You do mothing, you attain mothèmg, you attempt mothing,
neque tamen desistis conari àO velle.
/, mor yet do you de8i8t to endeavor and to wish.
|| 16 Quotiens
• Honp oftem
iam
already
ista
has that
sica
poniard
extorta est
been wrested

' de tibi manibus ! Vero quotiens excidit


| from your hands ! But hono often it has fallen,
" et elapsa est aliquo casu ! Tamen
' and has 8lipped by some accident ! $e

potes non carere ea diutius, quae


you can- — not be without- •t T longer, which (poníard)
„„•—– sacris initiata sit
•^
\'i rites it may have been initiated
abs te nescio, quod
“… - ~\ Iknow not, that:
16 CICERO.

putas neCeSSe defigere eam in corpore


you think it mece88ary to fiae £t ém, the body
consulis. _^

qf the con8ul.

/ [Vero
But
nunc, quae est ista tua vitae? Enim iam
nouo, what $8 that your lèfe ? For- 10!
|

loquar cum te sie, ut videar non esse


1 will speak with you 8o, that 1 may 8eem mot to be
permotus odio quo debeo, sed ut
moved by the hatreJ with which I ought, but that (I may
misericordia, quae nulla
seem to be moved) by pity, wchich, mone (none of which)
debetur tibi. Venisti paulo ante in senatum.
ès due to you. You came a little time ago into the 8enate. (
~Quis ex hac tanta frequentia, ex tOt,
Who out of this great assembly, out of 8o many
tuis amicis ac necessariis salutavit te? Si
of your friends and acquaintances saluted you ? éf
hoc contigit memini post memoriam hominum,
this has happened to no ome since the memory qf men,
expectas contumeliam vocis Cllnm sis !
do you waitfor the reproach. of words when you a re |
oppressus gravissimo iudicio taciturnitatis ?
condemned by the most heavy judgment of silence ?
Quid, quod tuo adventu ista
Why (should I mention) that at your arrical those
subsellia vacuefacta sunt? Quod Omnes
8€(!t8 were made vacant ? T/at; αίΙ.

consulares, qui persaepe fuerunt constituti


those of consular rank, who often have been picked o moet
tibi ad caedem, reliquerunt istam partem
by you for 8laughter, left that poert.

subselliorum nudam atque


of the seats bare and -

assedisti? Quo - ~

you ceated yourself?


CATII.INE—I. 17

putas hoc ferendum tibi ? 17 Mehercule,


do you think this i8 to be borne by you ? By Hercules,
si mei servi metuerent me isto paeto, ut omnes
if my slaves feared me in that manner, a8 all

tui cives metuunt te, putarem meam domum


your fellow-citizens fear you, 18hould thêm: my hou8e

relinquendam : tu non arbitraris urbem


(ought) to be left: do you mot think (that) the city
tibi ? Et, si viderem me tam
(ought to be left) by you ? And, £f T8aud my8elf 80

graviter suspectum atque offensum meis civibus


seriously 8u8pected and offensive to my citizens (even)
iniuria, mallem nne ('alere aspectu
umju8tly, I would prefer that I should forego the sight
civium, quam conspici infestis oculis
qf the citizens, than to be wiewed with the hostile eye8

omnium. Cum tu agnoscas , conscientia tuorum


qf all. Whew you recognìze by the con8ciou8ne88 of your
scelerum iustum odium omnium, et ianm diu
crimes the just hatred qf all, (phich is) now long
debitum tibi, dubitas vitare aspectum que
due to you, do you hesitate to avoid the 8ight and
praesentiam eorum quorum mentis que SenSllS
the presence of tho8e whose minds and feelimg8 , -
vulneras? | Si tui parentes timerent
you offend ? ' If your parents feared
atque
and
odissent
hated
'
te, neque posses ` , placare eos ulla ratione,
you, amd you could mot appease them by any means,
concederes, ut opinor, aliquo ab eorum
you would retire, a8 I think, 8omenthere from their
oculis. Nunc patria, quae est communis parens
€ye8. Now the country, which is the common parent
nostrum omnium, odit ac metuit te, et
of us all, hates and fears you, and already
diu iudicat nihil de te, Sl

«. long time judges nothing concerning you, eæcept


18 CICERO.

cogitare de suo parricidio. Tu


that you devise concerning her destruction. Will you
verebere neque auctoritatem huius,
rederence meit/er the authority of this (state),

neque sequere iudicium, neque pertimesces vim ?


mor* follow herjudgment, mor fear her force ?
-i8 Quae sic agit cum te, Catilina,
Which (the country) thus pleads with you, Catiline,
et quodam modo tacita loquitur: “ Nullum
and in 8ome such manner though silent speaks : • • Wo
facinus exstitit iam aliquot annis, nisi
wicked deed has happened nou fcr some e.rcept
years,

per te ; nullum flagitium sine te : tibi


through you; 'mo villainy without you: in your ca8?
uni neces multorum civium, tibi
alone the deaths of many citizens, in your case (alone)
vexatio que direptio sociorum fuit impunita
the harassimg and plum derîng ofallies has been unpunished
ac libera : tu valuisti non solum ad negligendas
and free: you have been able mot only to meglect
leges ac quaestiones, verum etiam ad
the loeus and (judicial) inquiries, but even. to

evertendas que perfringendas. Quamquam illa


opertntrm, and break through them. Although tho8e

superiora fuerunt non ferenda,


former (villainies) ^nere not to be borne (ought not to
tamen tuli ut potui :
have been borne), yet I have borne them a8 I was able:

vero nunc me esse totam in metu propter : te


but mow that I am tholly in fear because of you
unum, quidquid increpuerit, Catilinam
one (alome), (that) chatever ^makes a moi8e, Catilîne

timeri, nullum consilium videri posse


(is) to be feared, (that) mo design 8eens able

iniri contra me, quod abhorreat a


to be entered on against me, which, is free fro^^
---
CATILINE—I.

tuo scelere, est non ferendum. Quam ob rem


your crime, (thi8) i8 mot to be borne. Wherefore
discede, atque eripe hunc timorem mihi ;
depart, amd take away thés fear from me;
ne opprimar,
lest I may be oppre88ed (that I may not be oppressed),
si est, VeruS : sin falsus, ut
if $t $8 a true (fear); but íf false, that

tandem aliquando desinam timere.” -

at length 8ometime 1 may cea8e to fear.''


V19 Si patria loquatur haec cum te,
. If the country T8peaks these (things) with you,
ut dixi, debeat nonne impetrare,
(8 I have 8aid, ought 8he mot to obtain, (her
etiam si non possit adhibere vim?
reque8t), even if 8he mag not be able to apply forc;?
Quid? quod tu ipse dedis,fi
What (Why slnould I mention) that you yourself have given,
te in custodiam ? Quid? quod CallS8
yourself* ínto custody ? What? that for the 8ake

vitandae suspicionis, dixisti te velle habitare


qf avoiding suspicion, gou 8aid you wished to live

apud M. Lepidum ? A quo non receptus,


with M. Lepidus ? By whom not being received,

ausus es etiam venire ad me ; atque rogasti


you dared even to come to me; avd you asked (me)
ut aSSerVarem te meae domi. Cum
that I would guard you in my hou8e. When,

tulisses id responsum quoque a me,


, you had received that om.8?der* also from me, (that)
me posse esse tuto nullo modo cum te
I myself ' could be safe in no manner with , you
| isdem parietibus, qui essem in
| in the same ^balls (of a house), who wa8 £m

, magno periculo, quod contineremur isdem


7t damger, because we were contained ín the 8am«
_^
-^
20 CICERO.

moenibus, venisti ad Q. Metellum, praetorem :


city walls, you came to Q. Metellus, the praetor:

a quo repudiatus, demigrasti ad tuum sodalem,


by whom being rejected, you went to your companion,
optimum virum, M. Marcellum,
the be8t man (that very good man), M. Marcellus,
quem tu videlicet putasti fore , et
whom, you, for$ooth, thought would be both

diligentissimum ad custodiendum te, et sagacissimum


most diligent t0 guoe rd you, and most sagacious
ad suspicandum et fortissimum ad vindicandum.
t0 8u8pect (you) and most brave to puni8h you.
Sed quam longe videtur debere abesse
But how far it 8eems (that he) ought to be absent

â carcere atque a vinculis, qui ipse iam


from prison and from bonds, who himself non
iudicaverit Se dignum custodia?
(already) has judged himself deserving of custody ?
20 Cum quae sint ita, Catilina, dubitas,
Since things are thus, Catiline, do you hesitate,
si potes non emori hic aequo animo, abire
éf you can mot die here with re8ignation, to go away
in aliquas terras, et mandare istam vitam,
ènto some land, amd to commit that löfe,

ereptam multis iustis que debitis suppliciis,


re8cued from many just and due puni8hments,
fugae que solitudini $f refer? inquis,
toflight and to solitude ? *' Refer,'' you sag, (the matter)
“ ad senatum,” enim postulas id, et, si hic
** to the senate,'' for you demand that, and, $f this
ordo decreverit placere sibi,
order (the senate) shall decree to please it&elf (that it
- te ire in exsilium, dicis te esse
pleases them), that you go $nto erile, you 8ay yow are l
obtemperaturum. Non referam id, quod
about to comply. I will mot refer that, qu®**-^
** •-,-,
\
CATIIINE—I. 2I

abhorret a meis moribus; et tamen faciam


üs inconsistent with my cu8tom; - and yet I will make
ut intellegas, quid hi sentiant
you under8tand, what these (the senators) feel
de te. Egredere ex urbe, Catilina ;
concerming 3/0u. Go out of the city, Catiline;

libera rem publicam metu : proficiscere in exsilium,


free the republic from fear: depart ínto eacíle,

si exspectas hanc vocem. Quid est, Catilina ?


if , you await this word. What $8 ít, Catílíme ?

ecquid attendis? ' ecquid animadvertis silentium


are you payöng attention ? do you perceive the 8£lemce
horum ? Patiuntur, tacent. Quid
qf these (senator8) ? They 8uffer (it), they are silent. Why
exspectas auctoritatem loquentium,
do you await the authority of (them) 8peoeking,
quorum voluntatem tacitorum perspicis?
^^hose will (even when) 8ilent you plainly 8ee ?
2l At si dixissem hoc idem huic optimo
But $f I had 8aid this 8ame (thing) to this eæcellent
adolescenti, P. Sextio, si fortissimo viro,
youmg mam, P. Seaetius, if to the most brave mam,

M. Marcello, iam Senatus


M. Marcellus, ??o?d (immediately) the 8enate
intulisset vim et manus optimo iure
would have brought force and hands with the best right
mihi consuli in hoc templo ipso. Autem cum
upon me the con8ul in this temple $t&elf. But when
quiescunt de te, Catilina, probant;
they are quiet concerning you, Catíline, they approve;
cum patiuntur, decernunt; cum tacent,
when they suffer (it), they decree; when they are silent,
clamant. Neque hi solum—quorum
they eaecla$m. Nor these (8enator8) alone— . . whose
auctoritas videlicet est cara tibi, vita
/t/ority forsooth is dear to you, (whose) léfe ($$)
22 CICERO.

vilissima—sed etiam illi Romani equites,


rno8t cheap-but also those H?oman knights,
honestissimi atque optimi viri, que ceteri
mo8t honorable and ercellenè τιιen, and the other

fortissimi cives, qui circumstant senatum, et


brave citi:en8, uho stand around the 8enate, and

quorum frequentiam tu potuisti videre, et studia


whose a88embly you could 86€, and zeal

perspicere, . et paulo ante


8ee plainly, and a little before (a little while ago)
exaudire voces : nanuS aC tela
hear their voices (shouts): the hands and weapons

quorum iam diu ego vix contineo abs


of whom already a lonq time I scarcely restrain fronw
te, adducam eosdem facile, ut prosequantur
you, I shall induce the same easily, that they follcmae
usque ad portas, te relinquentem haec,
a8 far as to the gates, you leaving these (things),
quae studes iampridem vastare.
which you de8ire long since to lay wa8te.
22 Quamquam quid loquor? ut ulla res
Although wthy do I speak ? that any thimg
frangat te? ut tu umquam corrigas te ?
may break you ? that you ever mag correct yourself?
ut tu meditere ullam fugam ? ut tu cogites
that you may meditate any flight ? that you mag devise
ullum exsilium ? Utinam immortales di duint
amy erile ? O that the immortal gods would give

istam mentem tibi ! Tametsi video, si perterritus


thoet mind to you ! Although 1 8ee, àf alarmed

nnea, VOC€ induxeris animum ire in


by my voice you shall induce your mind to go into
exsilium, quanta tempestas invidiae impendeat
eaeile, _ hono great a tempest of unpopularity will overhang
nobis, si minus in praesens tempus, recenti
me, $f mot for the present time, in the • £g/
CATII.INF'-—I. 23

memoria tuorum scelerum, at in posteritatem.


memory of your crime8, at leoe8t to posterity
Sed esttanti
(at a future time). But it is
of so much (consequence)
mihi, dum modo ista sit
to me (it is worth the sacrifice), provided that that mag be
privata calamitas, et seiungatur â
u private calamity, and may be 8eparated from

periculis rei publicae. Sed est non postulandum,


the dangers of the republic. But it is not to be demanded,
ut tu ('()nnnnOVeare tuis vitiis, ut
that you mag be moved from your vices, that

pertimescas poenas legum, ut concedas


you mag.fear the penaltie8 of the loeus, that you mag comcede
temporibus rei publicae. Enim es neque
to the circumstance8 of the republic. For you are meither
is, Catilina, ut aut pudor revocarit
such a (person), Catiléne, that either 8hame ha8 recalled
te a turpitudine, aut metus a periculo, aut
you from turpitude, or fear from danger, or*

ratio a furore. 23 Quam ob rem proficiscere, ut


reason from fury. Wherefore depart, «t8

dixi iam saepe : ac, si vis conflare


I have 8aid already often: and, if you wish to blow together
invidiam mihi tuo inimico, ut praedicas,
(bring) unpopularity on me your enemy, a8 you declare,
perge recta in exsilium : vix feram
proceed straightway énto ea:ile: 8carcely 8hall I bear
sermones hominum, si feceris id ; vix
the 8peeche8 of men, if you 8hall do that; 8carcely
sustinebo molem istius invidiae, si ieris
shall I 8upport the mass of that envy, éf you shall go
in exsilium iussu consulis. Sin autem
zzato eæile by the order of the consul. But áf
nnavis servire nmeae laudi et gloriae, egredere
you prefer to 8erve my praise and glory, go v«!
24 CICERO.

Ollm importuna manu sceleratorum ;


with (your) troublesome band of wicked (associates);
confer te ad Manlium, concita perditos civis,
betake yourself to Manlius, ercite lost citizens,
secerne te {l bonis, infer bellum
separate yourself from the good, bring cor*

patriae, exsulta impio latrocinio,


upon your country, eaeult in impious robbery (warfare),
ut videaris non isse eiectus a me ad
that you mag seem not to have gone cast out by me to
alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos.
aliens, but ínvíted to your own (friends)

24 Quamquam quid ego invitem te, a


Although what (why) should I invite you, by
quo sciam iam praemissos esse qui
^thom 1 l:nou (men) already hace been semt ahead, (men) atho
praestolarentur tibi armati ad Aurelium
should waut for you armed at the Aureliam
forum ? Cui sciam diem pactam esse
forum ? By whom I know the day has been agreed on
et constitutam cum Manlio? A quo sciam
and appointed with Manlius ? By whom I knowt
etiam illam argenteam aquilam, quam confido
€€, thaw silaeer eagle, wchich I trust
futuram esse perniciosam et funestam tibi, a(°
will be destructive and fatal to you, amd
omnibus tuis, cui sacrarium tuorum
to all your (friends), for which a shrine of your
scelerum fuit constitutum tuae domi,
créme8 @tots appointed at your house,
praemissam esse? Ut tu possis carere illa
has been sent ahead? How can you be ntithout tha{

diutius, quam solebas venerari,


(eagle) any longer, vchich you were accustomed vo worship.
proficiscens ad caedem ? A. cuius altarius
departing to slaughter ? From whose a'tura
CATILINE—I. - 4.5

transtulisti saepe istam impiam dexteram ad


you transferred often that impious right hand to
lleCell civium ? *

the death (slaughter) of citizens ?


25 Ibis aliquando tandem, quo ista
You cill go, ut length, ^οhither zhat

effrenata ae furiosa cupiditas tua iampridem


unbrüdled and furiou8 desire of yours long 8ince
rapiebat te. Enim haec res neque adfert dolorem
impelled you. For this théng doe8 not brüng pain
tibi, sed quandam , incredibilem voluptatem.
to you, but some (a certain) incredible pleasure.
Natura peperit te ad hanc amentiam, voluntas
Nature has produced you to this madne88, your will
exercuit, fortuna servavit. Tu
has tra éned you, fortune has preserved you (for it). You
numquam eoncupisti non modo otium, sed ne quidem
?eter* desired mot only peace, but 7wot even.

bellum, nisi nefarium. Nanetus es manum


war, unless a nefarious (war). You have found a band
improborum conflatam ex perditis,
qf dishonest (men) blown together (formed) of lost

atque derelictis non modo ab omni


(abandoned men), and forsaken. not omly by ewery
fortuna, verum etiam spe. 26 Qua laetitia
fortune, but eten, hope. What gladne88
tn perfruere hic? quibus gaudiis exsultabis?
will you enjoy here ? in what happiness will you eaeult ?
in quanta voluptate bacchabere, cum in tanto
$n houo great pleasure cill you revel, when în so great
numero tuorum neque audies
a number of your (a88ociates) gyou will meither hear

neque videbis quemquam bonum virum ? Illi labores,


mor* $ee amy good man ? Tho8e labors,
qui feruntur tui,
meditati sunt
' ohich are borne (are reported) yours, have been practiced
` *,

$
26 CICERO.

ad studium huius vitae : iacere


for the purpo8e of this . (kind of) lífe: to lie

humi non modo ad obsidendum stuprum,


on the ground, mot only for lying in wait for adultery,
verum etiam ad obeundum facinus ; vigilare, mon
but evem for committing a crime; to watch, mot

solum insidiantem somno maritorum, verum


only lying in wait for the sleep of / usbands, but

etiam bonis otiosorum. Habes


606, for the goods of the peaceful. Xou have

ubi ostentes illam tuam praeclaram


an opportunity to di8play that gyour famou8

patientiam famis, frigoris, inopiae omnium rerum,


endurance qf hunger, qfcold, qf ubant of all things,
quibus senties te esse confectum
with which you will perceive yourself to be eaehau8ted
brevi tempore.~27 Profeci tantum tum, cum
£m a 8hort tìme. Igained 8o much then, when
reppuli te 3l consulatu, ut posses
I repelled you from the consulship, that you could
potius temptare rem publicam exsul, quam
q~ather attack the republic (a8) am eæile, t/ua m

VeXare consul, atque : ut id quod


to hara88 (it) (a8) a consul, and that that which
susceptum esset scelerate a te nominaretur
had been undertaken wickedly by you 8hould be mamed
latrocinium potius quam bellum.
a robbery qrather tham, a Doer.
Nunc, conscripti patres, ut detester aO
Nowo, conscript fatherae, that I may avoid and
deprecer 8, me quandam prope iustam
~mag deprecate from my8elf a certain almo8t just

querimoniam patriae, ' . percipite diligenter


complaint of my country, attend. diligently
quaeso, quae dicam, et mandate ea penitus
I pray, to what I 8ay, and commit them inwardly
_-* $
-* -

/~
.
CATILINE—I. 27

vestris animis que mentibus. Etenim, 8i


to your minds amd under8tandings. For, £f
patria, quae est multo earior mihi nea
my country, which is much deurer to me tham my
vita, si cuncta Italia, si omnis res publica loquatur
life, £f entire ltaly, if . all the republic 8hould speak
cum me : “ M. Tulli, quid agis? tune patieris
with me: “ M. Tullius, what are you doing ? will you suffer
eum exire quem comperisti : esse hostem,
him to go out uchom you have di8covered to be an enemy,
quem vides futurum ducem belli, quem
whom you 8ee about to be a leader of the war, ^chom
sentis exspectari imperatorem in
you perceive to be waited for (a8) commander ém

castris hostium, allCtOrenm sceleris,


the camp of the enemy, the author of wickedness,
principem coniurationis, evOcatOrem
the chief* of the conspiracy, the 8ummoner (to war)
servorum et perditorum civium, ut videatur
of 8laves and of abandoned citizen8, that he mag 8eem
non esse emissus ex urbe abs te, sed immissus
not to be sent out out of the city by thee, but let loo8e

in urbem ? Nonne imperabis hunc


upom the city ? Will you mot command this (Católíne)
duci in vincula, non rapi ad
to be led £nto bonds, mot to be 8eized (hurried) to
mortem, non mactari SUlnnIn() supplicio?
deoeth, not to be slaïn with the greate8t punishment ?
28 Quid tandem impedit te? InnOSlne
Whoet at length hiqders gou ? the cu8toms

maiorum ? At persaepe etiam privati


of our ancestors ? But very oftem even private (person8)
multarunt perniciosos civis morte in hac
Ae« ve punished destructive citizens with death ín this
re publica. An leges quae rogatae sunt
republic. 0r the laws which have been begged (passed)
j
28 CICEERO.

de supplicio Romanorum civium ?


concerning the punishment of Homan citizens ?

At numquam in hac urbe


(do these prevent you)? But exer* in this city
ei tenuerunt iura civium qui
have tho8e held (retained) the rights qf* citizens vcho
defecerunt a re publica. An times invidiam
have revolted from the republic. Do you fear the enry
posteritatis ? Vero refers praeclaram
(displeasure) of posterity ? Truly you return a famous
gratiam Romano populo, qui extulit
acknowledgment to the I?oman people, chich has raised
te, hominem cognitum per te,
you, a man. knowcn, through, yourself (alone),
nulla commendatione maiorum, per omnis
with no recommendation of ancestors, through all

gradus honorum tam mature ad summum


8tep8 (degrees) of honors 8o early to the highest
imperium, si propter invidiam, aut metum
commotmd, £f becau8e of un popularity, or fear
alicuius periculi, neglegis salutem tuorum civium.
of 80me danger, you negleet the 8o(fety of your cítizens.
29 Sed si est quis metus invidiae, num est
Hut éf there i8 anj fear of di8pleasure, -

invidia severitatis ac fortitudinis pertimescend


the emwy Qf 8everity and of bra cery to be feare
vehementius quam inertiae ac nequitiae?
^rore than (that) of in activity and of negligence ;
Cum Italia 'astabitur bello, urbes
Whem, Italy 8hall be devastated with war, c£ties

vexabuntur, tecta ardebunt, am existimas


hara88ed, hou8e8 on fire, do you thénk
te non conflagraturum tum incendi
you will mot burn, . then $n a conflagratio
invidiae ?''
of unpopularity ?'' - · |
CATIILINE—T. 29

Ego respondebo pauca his sanctissimis


I. will answer u feu (utords) to these most sacred

vocibus rei publicae, et mentibus hominum, qui


^Dords of the republie, and to the minoes of men, who
sentiunt idem. Si ego
feel the same (have similar sentiments). If* 1

iudicarem hoc optimum factu, conseripti patres,


judged thés best to be done, conscript fathers,
Catilinam multari morte, dedissem
that Catíline be punished with death, I would have given,
non usuram unius horae ad vivendum
not the use of one hour tO làve (for living)
isti gladiatori. Etenim, si summi viri, et
to that gladiator. For, èf the highest men, and
clarissimi cives non modo non contaminarunt,
the most famou8 citizems mot only have not contaminated,
sed etiam honestarunt se, sanguine
but e?e??, have enm obled themselve8, by the blood
Saturnini, et Gracchorum, et Flacci, o*
of Saturnùnu8, and of the Gracchi, and of Flaccus . aiit.
complurium superiorum ; certe erat non
of' many offormer times; certainly £t was not

verendum mihi ne quid invidiae redundaret


to be feared by me, lest any umpopularity might redound
mihi in posteritatem hoc parricida civium
to me to posterity (wchen) this murderer of citizens

terfecto. Quod si ea impenderet mihi maxime,


8la$n. But $f* it threatem.ed me very much,

men fui semper hoc animo, ut putarem


t I have been alway8 of thi8 ménd, that Ithought

vidiam partam virtute, gloriam, non


v?/ produced by vìrtue (to be) glory, (not.

vidiam.v30 Quamquam sunt nonnulli in hoc


cy. Although there are 8ome @n this

ine què aut non videant ea


e%* (assembly) wcho either do not see t/o&e:
30 CICERO.

uae imminent, aut dissimulent ea


(théngs) vohich impend, or* hide those (things)

quae vident : qui aluerunt spem Catilinae


which they see: who have nourished the hope of Catiline
hmollibus sententiis, que corroboraverunt nascentem
by mild opinion8, and have strengthened the growing
coniurationem nOn credendo. Multi,
con8piracy by not believing (it). Many,
secuti auctoritatem quorum, non solum improbi,
following the authority of the8e, not only the dishonest,
verum etiam imperiti, si animadvertissem
but al8o the ignorant, $f I had brought punishment
in hunc, dicerent factum esse crudeliter et
upon hêm, would 8ay (it) wa8 done cruelly amd

regie. Nunc intellego, si iste


royally (tyrannically). Wow I understand, $f that
pervenerit quo intendit, in
( Catiline) 8hall arrêve where he purpo8e8, £m
--

Manliana castra, neminem fore tam stultuni


--rtfe . /anlian camp, ?0 0€ @ïll be 80 foolis/
qui non videat coniurationem ;
who , mag not 8ee (as not to see) a con8piracy
factam esse, neminem tam improbum, qui non fateatur.
ha8 been made, mo one 80 di8hone8t, a8 not to confess
Autem hoc uno interfecto,
($t) Hut when this one (Catiline alone) $8 slain,
intellego hanc pestem rei publicae reprimi*
I understand thi8 de8truction of the republic i8 represised
paulisper, posse non comprimi in perpetuum.
for a little while, but can not be 8topped for exer*.

Quod si eiecerit se, que eduxerit


Eut $f he shall ca8t out him8elf, and 8hall lead out
SllOS cum se, et aggregaverit
hi8 own (a88ociates) with himself, and 8hall gather togethor
«eteros naufragos collectos undiqi a
{he other 8hipwrecked (ruined persons) collected from all & à )
CATILINE—I. - 31

eodem, non modo haec pestis rei publicae


to the 8ame place, mot only thi8 pe8t of the republic
tam adulta, verum etiam stirps ac semen omnium
8o advoemced, but ' al8o the root amd 8eed of all
malorum exstinguetur, atque delebitur.
evéls will be ea:tinguished, amd will be blotted out
(destroyed).
3l Etenim iam diu, conscripti patres,
For* already a long time, conscript fathers,
VerSamur in his periculis coniurationis que
we are engaged in the8e dangers of con8piracy and

insidiis, sed nescio quo pacto, maturitas omnium


£n snares, but , in some : way,
-
the maturity
~ •.
of all
scelerum ac '°° ^° veteris furoris et audaciae
créme8 and of long-standing fury and audacity

erupit in tempus nostri consulatus. Quod si


has broken out ín the time of my consulship. But $f
€X tanto latrocinio iste unus
out of so great robbery (conspiracy) that one (Catiline
tolletur, videbimur fortasse esse
alone) 8hall be takem away, we 8hall 8eem perhaps to be

relevati cura et metu ad quoddam breve


relieved from care and fear for 80???e short

tempus; autem periculum residebit, et erit


téme; but the damger will remain, and will be

inclusum penitus in venis atque in visceribus


Aenclo8ed £nwardly in, the veîns and ín, the vìtals

rei publicae. Ut saepe homines aegri gravi morbo,


qf the republic. As often, ^mem, ïll with a 8er$onu$ d$8ease,
Cllm iactantur aestu que febri, si
when they are to88ed with heat amd with fever, $f
biberint gelidam aquam, videntur primo relevari,
they drink cold ^0ater, 8eem at first to be relieved,
deinde afflictantur multo gravius : que
vae
Cbut) afterwards are afflicted much more grievously and

|.\
elementius, sic hic morbus, qui est in re publica,
'ore violently, 8o this disea8e, which is ín the republic,
;32 CICERO.

relevatus - poena istius


being relieved by the punishment qf that (Catiline)
ingravescet reliquis vivis. 32 Qua re,
will grow grievous to the remaüning survivors. W7ierefore,
conscripti patres, improbi secedant, Secernant
conscript fathers, let the rascals retire, let them separate
Se â bonis, congregentur in unum
themselves from the qood, let them, be assembled in obue

locum ; denique, id quod iam dixi


place; finally, that which already I have said
saepe, secernantur a nobis muro,
qften, let them be separated from us by the wall (of.
desinant insidiari consuli suae
the city), let them cease to lie in vcait for the consul at his own
domi, circumstare tribunal urbani praetoris,
house, to 8tund around the tribunal of the civic praetor,
obsidere curiam cum gladiis, comparare
to beset the 8enate-house ^pith. 8^tords, to prepare
malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem.
combustíble8 and torches for 8etting on fire the city.
IDenique, sit inseriptum in fronte unius cuiusque
Finally, let it be inscribed on the forehead gf each
civis, quid sentiat de
citizem, chat he feels (what are his sentiments) concerming
re publica. Polliceor hoc vobis, conscripti patres, '
the republic. I promise this to you, conscript fat/ers
tantam diligentiam fore in nobis consulibus,
that so great diligence will be $n us consuls,
tantam auctoritatem in vobis, tantam virtutem in
8o great authority £n you, 80 great valor •n

Romanis equitibus, tantam, conseusionem


the Homan knights, 8o great agreement
in omnibus
in all

bonis, ut profectione Catilinae videatis


good (men), that by the departure of Catiline you mag/ see
omnia esse patefacta, inlustrata, oppressa,
all things to be ' eaeposed, brought to light, put donr>.
CATILINE—I. 33

vindicata. 33 Hisce ominibus, Catilina, cum


pumi8hed. With the8e prospects, Catiline, witn

S. salute rei publicae, et cum tua


the highest 8afety of the republic,
and with your own
peste ac pernicie, que cum exitio €Olm

~uin and destruction, and with the destruction of those


qui iunxerunt Se cum te omni scelere
who have joined themselve8 with you £n every crime
que parricidio, proficiscere ad impium ac nefarium
and murder, . depart to an impious amd mefarious
bellum. Tum tu, Iuppiter, qui constitutus es
^D(tr. Then you, Jupiter, who have beem e8tablished
a Romulo isdem auspiciis quibus haec
by Homulu8 under the 8ame au8pices with which this
urbs, quem nominamus vere Statorem
city (wa8 e8tablished), ^chom we mame truly the Stator
huius urbis atque imperi, arcebis hunc
(Stayer) of this city and empère, will ward off this
et huius socios tuis aris
(Católéne) and hìs companion& from your altars

que ceteris templis, a tectis ac moenibus


dimd from the other temples, from the hou8e8 and the walls
urbis, a vitu que fortunis omnium civium,
of the céty, from the life and the fortunes of all the citizens,
et mactabis omnes inimicos bonorum, hostis
and you will destroy all enemie8 of the good, enemie$
patriae, latrones Italiae, coniunctos inter
%f the country, the robbers of Italy, united among
Se foedere scelerum ac nefaria
themselves by a covenant of crime8 and by a nefariou8
societate, vivos que mortuos, aeternis suppliciis.
allíance, alîve and deoed, witâ efernal puni8hment8,
3
34 CICERO.

CATILINE—II.

l Tandem aliquando, Quirites, vel eiecimus


At length, Homams, either we have cast
€X urbe L. Catilinam, furentem audacia,
out of the city L. Catiline, raging with audacity,
anhelantem scelus, molientem nefarie pestem
eæhaling crime, attempting nefariously the destruction
patriae, minitantenm ferrum que flammam vobis
of the country, threatemîng 8word and flame to you
atque huic urbi, vel emisimus, vel
amd t0 this city, or we have 8ent him out, or*

prosecuti sumus ipsum verbis egredientem.


we have followed him with words a8 he wa8 going out.
Abiit, excessit, evasit,
He ha8 departed, he ha8 gone out, he ha8 e8caped,
erupit. Iam nulla pernicies comparabitur
he has burst out. Nono 0 destructwon will be prepared

intra moenia moenibus ipsis a illo monstro


within the walls for the walls themselve8 by that momster
atque prodigio. Atque sine controversia
amd prodígy (of wickedness). And without doubt

vicimus quidem hunc unum ducem domestiei


we have conquered indeed thi8 one leoeder of domestíc
belli. Enim iam illa sica non versabitur inter
d(/*. For now that poniard will not be engaged among
nostra latera : pertimescemus
ot * 8üdes (will not be aimed at our sides) : we shall fear £t
non in campo, non in foro,
not in the plain (the Campus Martius), mot ín the forum,
CATILINE—II. 35

non in curia, denique, non intra


70t άn the 8enate-hou8e, finally, not within (our)
domesticos parietes. Ille motus est loco C.
dome8tíc walls. He was moved from his place when,
depulsus est ex urbe. Iam geremus
he was dröven out of the city. Now we shall carry on,
palam iustum bellum cum hoste, nullo impediente.
opemly a ju8t war with an enemy, with no one hindering.
Sine dubio perdidimus que magnifice vicimus
Without doubt we de8troyed and magnificently conquered
hominem, cum coniecimus illum ex occultis
the mam, when, ^De coe8t hùm from hödden,

insidiis in apertum latrocinium. 2 Vero quanto


8nare8 £nto opem robbery (war). But with houo great
maerore tandem putatis illum esse afflictum et
8orrow at length do you think him to be afflicted and
profligatum, quod non extulit mllCOn6n
ca8t docm, becau8e he has mot carréed out the 8word-blade

cruentum, ut voluit, quod egressus est nobis


bloody, as he wished, becau8e he nbent out nbith me
vivis, quod extorsimus ferrum de ei
alive, becau8e we have wrested the sword from h£8

manibus, quod reliquit civis incolumis, quod


hands, because he ha8 left the citizens &afe, becau8e

urbem stantem ? Ille nunc iacet que


(he has left) the city standîng ? He ^O^d lies and

est prostratus, Quirites, et sentit Se eSSe


i8 overthrown, Roman8, and perceive8 that he. ís

perculsum atque abiectum, et profeeto retorquet


8truck: amd ca8t down, and £mdeed turns back;
saepe oculos ad hanc urbem, quam
often hi8 eye8 to this city, ^Ohîch.
luget ereptam esse ex suis faucibus :
he monurms wa8 8natched from hìs jaws:
llae videtur mihi quidem laetari, quod
this (city) 8668 to me ündeed to rejoice, becau8&
36 CICERO.

evomuerit tantam pestem, que proiecerit


üt has eæpelled 8o great a pe8t, and has driven it
foras.
Out.

3 At si quis est talis qualis oportebat


But éf any (person) is such. du8 $t behooved

omnis esse qui accuset me vehementer in hoc


all to be, who mag/ accuse me violently £n t/uis
-
\

ipso, in which mea oratio exsultat et


(thing) itself, in wchich my speech eaeults and
triumphat, quod non comprehenderim tam capitalem
triumphs, beca use 1 have mot seized 80 dangerous

hostem, potius quam emiserim, ista est non


an enemy, rather than 8ent him out, that is mot
mea culpa, Quirites, sed temporum.
7ny fault, Homams, but (the fault) of the times.

I. Catilinam oportebat iampridem interemptum esse,


1.. Catílíme ought . long 8ince to have been 8lain,
et affectum gravissimo supplicio, que et
and treated with the heaviest punishment, and both
mos maiorum, et severitas huius
the cu8tom of our ance8tors, and the 8everity . of this
imperi, et : res publica
commovmd (of the consular power), and the republic

postulabat id a me. Sed quam multos putatis


demanded that from me. But homo many do you think
fuisse, qui non crederent quae ego
there abere, ^o/io d$d mot believe (the things) which TI
deferrem ? quam multos, qui propter stultitiam
alleged ? homo many, who because of their folly
putarent non ? quam multos, qui etiam
thought them mot (to eaeëst ?) homo ^many, who &e.

defenderent? quam multos, qui faverent


defended (them) ? houo many, who favored (them)
propter improbitatem ? Ac si, illo
becau8e qf dishonesty ? And f, when, he (Catiline)
CATILINE—II. 37

sublato, iudicarem omne periculum depelli


wa8 removed, Ijudged every damger to be repelled
â, vobis,
i iamprid
i idem ego ustulissem
sustulis
from 3/0u, long 8ince I. ^bould have removed

I. Catilinam, non modo periculo meae invidiae,


L. Catilïne, not only at the risk of my unpopularity,
verum etiam vitae. 4 Sed cum viderem, re \
but even of my life. But when Isau, 8ince the thé.ug

etiam tum probata ne quidem vobis omnibus,


e$$e??, then was approwed not even by you all,
si multassem illum morte, ut meritus erat,
if I had punished h$m with death, a8 he had deserved,
fore ut oppressus invidia,
it would happen, that, being oppre88ed with unpopularity,
non possem persequi eius socios,
I 8howld mot be able to pur8ue hi8 companion8,
deduxi renm huc, ut possetis
I brought down the théng to this, that you might be able
pugnare palam tum, cum videretis hostem aperte.
to fight openly then, when you 8aw the enemy openly.
Quam vehementer ego putem quem hostem, quidem,
1Iowo greatly I think thi8 ememy, ündeed,
Quirites, esse timendum foris,
I?omans, is to be feoered without (being out of the city),
licet intellegatis hinc quod fero etiam illud
you may understand from this that Ibear even. this

moleste, quod exierit 6X urbe : parum


grievously, that he has gone out of the city líttle

comitatus. Utinam ille eduxisset omnis suas


accompamied. O that he had led out all hïs

copias cum se ! Eduxit mihi Tongilium,


forces with himself? He has led out for me Tongéliu8,
quem coeperat amare in praetexta :
wöÄom he had begum to love ín the praeteaeta (in youth):
Publicium et Minacium, quorum
(he has led out) Publícíus and Minoeciu8, who86
38 CICERO.

alienum aes contractum in popina poterat


debt contracted £m. the tavern& vcas able

affere nullum motum rei publicae :


to brüng 0 movement (commotion) to the republic:
quos viros reliquit? quanto aere alieno ! quam
what men has he left ? with houo great debt / houc

valentis ! quam nobilis !


powerful ! ' hou moble !
5 Itaque ego contemno magnopere illum exercitum,
Therefore I de8pi8e greatly that army

et prae Gallicanis legionibus,


(of Catiline), both in comparison to the Gallic legions,
et; hoc delectu, quem Q. Metellus
and with thi8 choice (levy), which Q. Metellus
habuit in Piceno et Gallico argo, et
ha& had ím the Picenùum and Gallîc territory, and
his copiis, quae comparantur a nobis cotidie :
with these forces, phich are prepared by us daily
collectum ex desperatis senibus, €X

(that army); collected out of hopeless old men, out of


agresti luxuria, ex- rusticis decoctoribus, €X
rural luaeury, out of rustic spendthrífts, out of
eis qui maluerunt deserere vadimonia
tho8e who ^οί8hed rather to desert their bondsmen

quam illum exercitum : quibus si ego ostendero non


than that army: to whom •f I shall show not
modo aciem nostri exercitus, verum etiam si
only the array of our army, but even êf (Ishall
edictum praetoris, concident. Mallem
8how) the edict of the praetor, they will fall. I would rather
eduxisset eum S€ suos milites hos,
he had led out with himself (a8) his 8oldiers these,
quos video volitare in foro, quos
whom I see flitting about in
the forum, whom (I see)
stare ad curiam, quos venire etiam
8tanding at the 8enate-house, whom (I 8ee) coming even,
CATILINE—II. ` 39

in senatum : qui nitent unguentis, qui fulgent


into the senate: who shène with perfumes, woho glitter
purpura ; si qui permanent hic, mementote illum
in purple; éf the8e ^rema@m here, remember that

exercitum esse pertimescendos nobis non tam


army £8 to be feared by us mot 8o (much)
quam hos, qui deseruerunt exercitum. Atque
08 the$e, who have deserted the army. Amd

Sunt, etiam timendi hoc magis, quod


they are 66, to be feared the ^more, becau8e

sentiunt me scire quid cogitent, neque tamen


they perce$ve that I know what they devise, nor yet

permoventur. 6 Video cui Apulia attributa sit,


are moved. I 8ee to whom Apulia has been a88igned,
quis habeat Etruriam, quis Picenum agrum, qui
ucho ha8 Etruria, who the Picenían territory, who
Gallicum, qui depoposcerit sibi has urbanas
the Gallic, who has demanded for hómself these cùvùc

insidias caedis atque incendiorum.


87.6t/re$ of slaughter and of conflagratioms.
Sentiunt omnia consilia superioris noctis
They perce$ve that all the counsels of the former might
delata esse ad me : patefeci in senatu
were reported tO ^??e. eæposed (them) $n the 8enate

hesterno die : Catilina ipse pertimuit, profugit: quid


ye8terday: Catiline hūmself feared, fled: wchy
hi exspectant? Ne illi errant vehementer,
do the8e wait ? Truly they err greatly,

si sperant illam pristinam lenitatem meam


üf they eapect (that) that former mildmess of mine
futuram perpetuam.
will be perpetual.
Iam assecutus sum quod exspectavi, ut;
Already I have attained what Iwa$ted for, that
vos omnes videretis coniurationem factam esse
V0u all might 8ee that a con8piracy was formed
40 CICERO.

aperte contra rem publicam. Nisi, vero, si


openly against the republic. Er indeed, £f
est quis qui putet s.milis Catilina
there is ang. (person) oho thinks (that) those like Catiline
non sentire eum Catilina. Iam est non locus
do not agree with Catiline. fouc there is no place
lenitati ; reS ipsa flagitat severitatem.
for mildmess; the affair itself demands severity.
Etiam nunc concedam llnlln : exeant ;
Even, movo I will concede one thing: let them go out;

proficiscantur ; ne patiantur miserum Catilinam


let them depart; let them not suffer the wretched Catiline
tabescere desiderio sui. Demonstrabo
to pine away nbith the want of them. I will point out
iter ; profectus est Aurelia via : si
the way; he departed by the Aurelian. ^cay: £f
volent accelerare, consequentur ad
they wish. to hostem, they will overtake (him) at

vesperam. 7 O fortunatam rem publicam, si quidem


evening. 0 fortunate republic, £f indeed
eiecerit hanc sentinam huius urbis!
8he has east out these dregs ' of this city !
Mehercule, Catilina O exhausto,
By Hercules, 8£nce ('atíline alone $8 drawn off,

res publica videtur mihi relevata et recreata.


the republic 8eems to me relieced and refreshed.
Enim quid mali aut sceleris potest fingi Or
For- whoet evél or crime can be fashioned or

excogitari, quod ille non conceperit? Quis


devî8ed, which, he has not conceived* What

veneficus tota Italia, quis gladiator, quis latro,


poisoner in all Italy, what gladiator, what robber,
quis sicarius, quis parricida, quis subiector
vchat a88a88in, what parricide, wchat forgór

testamentorum, quis circumscriptor, quis ganeo,


of wills, what over- reacher, what debauchee,
CATIILINE—II. 41

quis nepos, quis adulter, quae infamis mulier,


what spendthrift, what adulterer, what infamous woman,
quis corruptor iuventutis, quis corruptus,
what corruptor of youth, what corrupted (person),
quis perditus potest inveniri, qui O.

what abandoned per8on, can be found, who doe8 mot


fateatur se vixisse familiarissime cum
confe88 himself to have lived most famílíarly with
Catilina? Quae caedes facta est per hosce
Catílíme ? What murder has been dome through the8e
OS sine illo? Quod nefarium
years (of late years) without him ? What nefarious
stuprum non per illum ? 8 Vero iam, quae
debauchery not through him ? But now, what
illecebra iuventutis fuit umquam tanta in
allurement of youth has been, €υ€r 80 great ín,

ullo homine, quanta in illo? qui ipse amabat alios


amy mam, 08 @n him ? who hóm8elf loved others
turpissime, serviebat flagitiosissime amori aliorum :
^most ba8ely, 8erved most villainously the love of others:
pollicebatur aliis fructum libidinum, aliis
he promised to 8ome the enjoyment of the$r deséres, to other8
mortem parentum, non nodo impellendo, verum
the death of parent8, mot only by împellíng, bwt

etiam adiuvando. Vero nunc quam subito collegerat


even by assisting. But now how suddenly he had collected
ingentem numerum perditorum hominum, non solum
a large number of abandoned ^mem, 7^0t only
eX urbe, verum etiam ex agris? Nemo, non
out of the city, but even out of thefields ? No one, not.
modo Romae, sed nec in ullo angulo totius
only at Rome, but meither ín ang corner of entire
Italiae, fuit oppressus alieno aere, quem O.
Italy, (08 oppre88ed with debt, nohom he ha8 not
adsciverit ad hoc incredibile foedus sceleris.
attached to this íncredible covenant of crime.
42 CICERO.

9 Atque ut possitis perspicere eius diversa


And that you mag be able to see plainly his different
studia in dissimili ratione, est nemo in
inclinations in a dissimilar manner, there is no one in
gladiatorio ludo paulo audacior ad facinus,
the gladiatorial 8chool a little more bold to daring deeds,
qui non fateatur se esse intimum
who doe8 not confess himself to be the intimate (friend)
Catalinae ; nemo levior et nequior in
of Catiline; no one 8omewhat unsteady and profligate on
scaena, qui non commemoret se fuisse
the 8tage, who does not mention himself to have been
prope sodalem eiusdem. Atque tamen idem,
almo8t the companion of the 8ame. And yet the same
assuefactus exercitatione stuprorum et
(Catiline), accu8tomed by the ea:ercise of debaucheries and
scelerum, perferendis frigore, et fame, et siti,
of crimes, to bear cold, and hunger, and thirst,

ac vigiliis, praedicabatur fortis ab istis,


and watchings, wa8 declared brave by those (persons),
cum consumeret subsidia industriae atque instrumenta
when he wasted the aids of indu8try and the instruments
virtutis in libidine que audacia. lO Vero si
qf virtue @m lu8t and audacity. Eut £f
sui comites secuti erunt hune, si flagitiosi
his compamîoms 8hall follow this (Catiline), éf the villainous
greges deperatorum hominum exierint ex urbe,
flocks of de8perate ^re, 8hall go out of the city,

O beatos nos, O fortunatam rem publicam ! O


0 happy me, 0 fortunate republic! 0

praeclaram laudem mei consulatus ! Enim iam


famous prai8e of my consulship ! For* ^aod

libidines hominum sunt non mediocres, audaciae


the desére8 of the men are mot moderate, their audacîtîes
non humanae ac tolerandae : cogitant nihil,
uot < human and to be supported: tkey devise notâng,
CATILINE—II. 43

nisi caedem, nisi incendia, nisi rapinas.


eæcept slaughter, eæcept conflagrations, eæcept rapine.
Profuderunt Sllâ patrimonia,
They have 8quandered their own patrímonies;
obligaverunt suas fortunas ; res
they have mortgaged theür fortune8; property (has failed)
eos iampridem, fides nuper coepit deficere ;
them long since, credit lately has begun to fail them;
tamen illa eadem libido, quae erat in abundantia,
gyet that 8ame desére, which wa8 in theür abundance,
permanet. Quod si in vino et alea quaererent
'remaëns. But éf in wine and dice they sought
solum commissationes et scorta, illi esSent
only revellings and prostitutes, they would be
desperandi quidem, sed tamen essent ferendi.
to be de8paired of indeed, but yet they would be endurable.
Vero quis posset ferre hoc, inertis homines
Eut who can bear this, (that) in active ^6),

insidiari fortissimis viris, stultissimos


líe in waìt for the bravest men, the most fooli8h.

prudentissimus, ebriosos sobriis, dormientis


for the mo8t prudent, the drunken for the 8ober, the 8leeping
vigilantibus ? Qui mihi, accubantes in conviviis,
for the watching ? Who, for$ooth, reclénéng in banquets,
complexi impudicas mulieres, languidi vino,
embracing ^unchaste ^domen, drousy with wime,
conferti cibo, redimiti sertis, obliti
stuffed with food, crowned with garlands, besmeared
unguentis, debilitati stupris, eructant
with perfume8, weakened with debaucheries, belch, out

suis sermonibus caedem bonorum, atque


Aen the$r discourses the slaughter of the good, and

incendia urbis. ll Quibus, ego confido,


the conflagration of the city. Whom, I. trust,
aliquod fatum impendere, et poenas iam
8omne fate threatens, and the penalties already
44 CICERO.

diu debitas improbitati, nequitiae, sceleri,


a long time due to dishoyesty, to sloth, to crime,
libidini, aut iam plane instare, aut certe
to lust, either already plainly are at hand, or certainly
iam appropinquare. Si meus consulatus, quoniam
already - approach. If my consulship, since

potest non sanare, sustulerit quos,


£t i8 able mot to cure (these), 8hall remove them,

propagarit non nescio quod breve tempus, sed multa


£t will have added mot 8omne 8hort time, but many
saecula rei publicae. Enim est nulla natio
age8 to the republie. For there is ro mation

quam pertimescamus, nullus rex qui possit faeere


wohìch. we fear, mo king who _ can. ^make

bellum Romano populo. Omnia externa,


add^* on the Homan people. All eaeternal affairs,

terra que mari, pacata sunt virtute unius :


by land and by sea, have been settled by the valor qf one
domesticum bellum manet ; intus sunt
(Pompey alone): civil war remains; wcithin «tr*e

insidiae ; periculum est inclusum intus ; hostis


the 8nares; the damger is inclosed within; the enemy
est intus; nobis est certandum cum luxuria, cum
i8 withim ; we must comtend with luaeury, with

amentia, cum scelere. Ego profiteor me, Quirites,


madme88, with crime. I. offer myself, H?omans,
ducem huic bello; suscipio inimicitias
the leader for this war; Itake upon my8elf the enmity
perditorum hominum. Quae poterunt sanari,
of ihe abamdomed men. What (things) can be cured,
sanabo uacumque ratione ; quae
I nOill cure y uchatsoever means (I can); what (t7. £ngs)
erunt resecanda, non patiar manere ad
mu8t be cut out, I will not suffer to rema£n. to

perniciem civitatis. Proinde, aut exeant,


the destruction ofthe state. Therefore, either let them go out.
CATILINE——II. 45

aut quiescant, aut, si permanent et;


or let them rema in quiet, ' or, £f they rema in both.
in urbe, et in eadem mente, exspectent
in the city, and in the 8ame mind, let them e.rpect
ۉ. quae merentur.
tho8e (things) achich they deserve.
12 At etiam sunt, Quirites, qui dicant
But even there are (person8), Homams, wcho 8a?/

Catilinam eiectem esse a me in exsilium. Quod


Catílîme has been ca8t out by me into ea:ile. W/ich.
si ego possem assequi verbo, eicerem istos
$f I could atta in by word,
I would cast out those
ipsos, qui loquuntur haec. Videlicet
(person8) themselces, who speak these (things). Forsooth
timidus aut etiam permodestus homo non potuit
a tìmid or 8till very modest man wa8 not able

ferre vocem consulis : simul atque iussus est


to bear the voice qf the consul: as soon as he was ordered
ire in exsilium, paruit. Hesterno die, cum
to go into e.vile, he obeyed. Yesterday, ^then.

paene interfectus essem meae domi, vocavi senatum


17. ad almost beem 8la in. at m y house, I called the senate
in aedem ' Iovis Statoris, detuli omnem
£nto the temple of Jupiter Stator, T referred all

renm ad conscriptos patres : eum Catilina


t/e affair to the conscrìpt fat/iers: when Catiline

venisset quo, quis senator appellavit eum ? quis


Aead come there, wchat senator addressed him ? who
salutavit? denique, quis ita aspexit ut
και uted him ? £n 8hort, w/o 8o looked on hìm a8
perditum civem, O. InOt potius ut
an abandomed cétízem, and 70 ot qrather o8

importunissimum hostem ? Quin etiam principes


a most dangerou8 enemy ? Boet effl6'??. the chiefs
eius ordinis reliquerunt illam partem
of t/iat order (the senate) left thoet; part
46 CIC£RO.

subselliorum ad quam ille accesserat nudam


of the seats to which, he had approached bare

atque inanem. 13 Hic ego, ille vehemens consul,


and empty. Here » that violent consul,

qui eicio civis in exsilium verbo, quaesivi


who ca8t out cétèzens, into eæile by a word, a8ked
â Catilina, an fuisset COnVentu
from Catiline, whether he had been in the assembly
nocturno apud M. Laecam, necne. Cum ille,
by night at the house of M. Laeca, or not. When he,

audacissimus homo, convictus conscientia, primo


a mo8t audaciou8 man, convicted by his con8cience, at first
reticuisset, patefeci cetera : edocui quid
kept 8ilent, I eaeposed the other (things): 1 told what
egisset ea nocte, quid constituisset in
he did om that might, what he had appointed for
proximam, quem ad modum ratio totius
the meaet (night), in what manner the plan of the whole
belli descripta esset ei. Cum haesitaret,
@@@* had been devi8ed by him. Whem, he hesitated,
cum teneretur, quaesivi quid
when, he was held (when he was convicted), I a8ked vbhy
dubitaret proficisci eo, quo pararet
he hesitated to depart thither, vchither he had been preparing
iampridem, cum scirem arma, cum securis,
(to go) for a long time, when I knew arms, vchen 6tae'e8,

cum fascis, cum tubas, cum militaria signa,


when fa8ces, when trumpets, when
military ensigns,
cum illam argenteam aquilam, cui ille etiam
^then, that 8élver eagle, for which he even.

fecerat sacrarium sceierum Sllae domi,


had made a shrime of crimes at his own house,
praemissam esse. 14 Eiciebam in exsilium
éo heave beem 8ent ahead. 1Did I cast out into eæile

quem videbam iam ingressum esse in


(zhe one) whom, I sauc already to have entered into
CATII,INE—II. 47

bellum ? Etenim, credo iste Manlius centurio.


vcar ? For, Iam to believe that Manliu8 the centurione,
qui posuit castra Faesulano agro,
who pitched his camp $n the Faesulaniam territory,

indixit bellum Romano populo suo nomine,


has declared war on the Roman people in his own nume,
et illa castra nunc non expectant Catilinam ducem,
and that camp movo does mot await Catiline (a8) leader,
et ille, eiectus in exsilium, conferet S€

and he, being ca8t into eæile, will betake himself (to)
Massiliam, ut aiunt, non in haec castra.
Marseilles, a8 they say, mot into this camp.

O miseram condicionem, non modo administrandae


0 wretched condition, not only of the mana gement

rei publicae, verum etiam conservandae ! Nunc, si


of the republîc, but exem, of $t$ 8afety! Nono, üf
I. Catilina, circumclusus ac debilitatus meis
1L. Catílíme, closed around a md ^beakemed by my
consiliis, laboribus, periculis, pertimuerit
advéce, labor, (and) prosecution8, 8hall fear
subito, mutaverit sententiam, deseruerit suos,
8uddemly, 8hall change hi8 mind, shall de8ert his omtm,

abiecerit consilium faciundi belli,


(associates), 8hall abandon, the plan of making war,
converterit iter ex hoc cursu sceleris et
shall turm, his mca y out of this course of crime and

belli ad fugam atque in exsilium, ille dicetur non


of wrar to flight and into erile, he ^bill be saîd mot
spoliatus esse a me armis audaciae, non
to have beem deprived by me of the arms of audacity, mot
obstupefactus ac perterritus mea diligentia, non
astonished amd frightened by my diligence, mot

depulsus de I spe que conatu, sed indemnatus,


dréven off from hî8 hope amd attempt, but uncondemned,
innocens eiectus in exsilium a
£nnocent; (to have beem) coe8{ qu{ into éîâl6 by
48 CICERO.

consule vi et minis; et erunt


the consul byforce and by threats; and there will be
qui velint illum, si fecerit hoe,
(persons) who will wish him, $f he shall do this,
existimari non improbum, sed miserum, me non
to be thought not dishonest, but wretched, me mot
diligentissimum consulem, sed crudelissimum
a mo8t diligent con8ul, but a most cruel

tyrannum ! 15 Est tanti mihi,


tyrant ! It is of so much worth to me (I tlink it
- Quirites, subire tempestatem huius
worth while), I?omans, to undergo the tempest of this
falsae atque iniquae invidiae, dum modo
fal8e and wnjust unpopularity, provided that
periculum huius horribilis ac nefarii belli
the damger of horrible and destructive $cor

depellatur vobis. Sane dicatur


^may be kept off from you. Truly let him be 8aid
eiectus esse a me, dum modo eat in
to have been cast out by me, provided that he go into
exsilium. Sed, credite mihi, est non iturus. Ego
ea:ile. But, believe 7me, he i8 mot going. I.
numquam optabo â immortalibus dis,
??exer* 8hall wish from the £mmortal gods,
Quirites, CS8 levandae meae invidiae,
I?oman8, for the 8ake of relieving my unpopulo rity,
ut audiatis L. Catilinam ducere exercitum
that you may hear (that) L. Catiline is leoeding am army
hostium, atque volitare in armis : sed tamen
of enemies, and is hovering about in arms: but yet
audietis triduo; que timeo
you will hear (it) within three days ; amd Ifear
illud multo magis, ne aliquando sit
this qmuch, ^more, le8t 8ometime $t mag be
invidiosum mihi, quod emiserim
a rea8on for unpopularity to me, that I have semt ow.
CATIIINE—II. - 49

potius quam quod eiecerim illum. Sed cum


roether than that I have cast him out. But 8Ìnce
sint homines qui dicant illum eiectum esse
there are 61, who will 80y he ^Da8 ca8t 0ut

Clinn profectus sit, quid eidem


although he ha8 departed (merely), what would the 8ame
dicerent, si interfectus esset? 16 Quamquam
(per80n8) 8ay, £f he had been slain ? Although,
isti qui dictitant Catilinam ire
tho8e who keep 8ayöng (that) Catiline $8 going (to)

Massiliam non queruntur hoc tam, quam


Marseille8 do mot complain of this 8o much, 08

verentur. Est nemo istorum tam misericors


they fear it. There i8 mo one of those 8o ~mercéful
qui non malit , illum ire ad Manlium quam ad
as mot to prefer him to go to Maml£u8 tham, to

Massiliensis. Autem, mehercule, si ille


the people of Mar8eille8. But, by Hercules, $f he

numquam ante eogitasset hoc, quod agit,


7exer* before had thought of this, which he $8 doing,
tamen mallet S€ interfici latrocinantem
yet he would prefer himself to be 8lain, robbing
quam vivere exsulem.
(warring against his country) tham to lève an ea:ile.
Vero nunc, cum nihil adhuc acciderit ei
Truly now, 8ince nothing a8 yet has happened. to him
praeter ipsius voluntatem que cogitationem, nisi
contrary to his own wish and plan, eæcept
quod profectus est Roma nobis vivis,
t/o/t he ha8 departed . from Rome while I am alïve,
optemus potius ut eat in exsilium quam
let u8 ci8h rather that he mag go into eæile tham,

queramur.
complain (of it).
l7 Sed cur loquimur tam diu. de InO
But why do I8peak 8o ' long concernéng one
4
50 CICERO.

hoste, et de eo hoste qui iam fatetur


enemy, and concerning that enemy who already confesses
Se esse hostem, et quem timeo non, quia
him8elf to be an enemy, and whom Ifear mot, because
nmllllS interest, quod semper
the wall (of the city) i8 between (u8), which I have alucays
volui ; dicimus nihil de eis. qui
wished; and 8ay nothing concerning those nrho

dissimulant, qui remanent Romae, qui sunt cum


dissemble, who remain at Rome, voho are wcith.
nobis? Quos ego quidem studeo nOn tam
us ? The8e I indeed greatly desire not 8o much,

ulcisci, quam sanare, et placare eos


to take vengeance om, 08 to cure, amd to reconcile them.
rei publicae, si possit . fieri ullo modo,
to the republic, $f it can be done in any manner,
neque intellego qua re id possit non
amd I do mot understand wherefore that can. not
fieri, si volent audire nme. Enim
be dome, üf they will be willìng to hear me. For

exponam vobis, Quirites, ex quibus generibus


I will eaeplain to you, Homan8, out of what classes

hominum istae copiae comparentur :


of men those forces are prepared (raised):
deinde afferam singulis medicinam consiki
afterwards I will brèmg to each the remedy of my counsel
atque meae orationis, si potero quam.
and of my words, if I shall be able (to offer) T any.
18 Est unum genus eorum, qui in
There £s one class of these, who (being) in
magno aere alieno,• etiam habent maiores possessiones»
gredit debt, also have greater po88e88ions,
adducti amore quarum, possunt dissolvi
led by the love of which, they cam, be detached
nullo modo. Species horum
(from them) in no manner, The appearance qf these
CATILINE—II, 51

hominum est honestissima—enim sunt locupletes—


€?, i8 mo8t honorable— for they are wealthy
VerO voluntas et causa impudentissima.
but (their) purpose and cau8e (i8) mo8t 8hamele88.
Tu sis ornatus et copiosus agris, tu
You mag be adorned and 8upplied with fields, you
aedificiis, tu argento, tu
(may be well furnished) with edìfices, you with silver, gou
familia, tu omnibus rebus, et dubites
with a household, you with all things, and do you hesitate
detrahere de possessione,
to withdraw (8omething) from (to diminish) your pos8e88ion,
acquirere ad fidem
- .•
? -
Enim q.
-
quid -

and to acquire credit (to gain in credit) ? For what


exspectas? bellum ? Quid ergo ! in vastatione
do you eapect? war ? What then / in the devastation
omnium putas tuas possessiones futuras
of all (things) do you think your po88e88iom8 wïll be

sacrosanctas? An novas tabulas?


8acred (inviolable)? 0r- ^?.€?d tablet8 (am
Errant qui exspectant istas
abolition of debts) ? They mistake who eaepect tho8e

â Catilina. Novae tabulae proferentur


from Catilîne. New tablets shall be brought forward
meo beneficio, verum auctionariae. Enim isti qui
by my kindnes8, but for auction. For those who

habent possessiones possunt esse salvi neque ulla


have po88e88ion 8 are able to be 8afe in mo

alia ratione. Quod si voluissent facere


other manmer. But íf they had wished to do (it)

maturius, neque— id quod est stultissimum—


earlier, and mot— , that which is ^most fooish—
certare cum usuris fructibus praediorum,
to contend with interest on the fruits of their farms,
uteremur his locupletioribus et melioribus
we showld have the8e a8 wealthi&r @nd. better
52 CICERO.

civibus. Sed puto hosce homines minime


cìtìzems. But I think these nem, leost

pertimescendos, quod aut possunt deduci


to be feared, becau8e either they can be influenced
de sententia, aut, si permanebunt,
from their opinion, or, if they shall remain (by it),
videntur mihi magis facturi vota COntra
they seem to me more likely to make prayers against
rem publicam quam laturi arma.
the republic tham, to bear arms.

l9 Est alterum genus eorum, qui, quamquam


There is another cla88 of those, who, although
premuntur aere alieno, .tamen expectant
they are burdened with debt, yet eaepect

dominationem, volunt potiri rerum, arbitrantur


authority, they wish to pos8es8 poucer, they think
S€ posse consequi honores, re publica
them&elve8 to be able to attain honors, when the republic
perturbata, quos desperant quieta.
i8 di8turbed, which they despair of (when it is) atpeace.
Quibus hoc videtur praecipiendum—scilicet unum
To the8e thés 8eems to be advi8ed- truly one

et idem quod omnibus ceteris— ut


and the 8ame (thing) as to all the rest— that

desperent se posse consequi id, quod


they de8pair that they et m, attain that, ^c/£ch

conantur : primum omnium me ipsum vigilare,


they attempt: first of all that I myself am watching,
adesse, providere rei publicae ; deinde,
am pre8emt, and provide , for the republic; 8econdly,
magnos animos esse in bonis viris, magnam
that great spírit i8 in good ^mem, great

eoncordiam in maxima multitudine, praeterea


unanimity ín the great ma88 (of them), besìdes

magnas copias militum ; denique, . immortalis


great force8 qf soldier8; finally, that the émmortal
CATILINE—II. 53

deos praesentis esse laturos auxilium huic


gods in actual pre8ence will bear aëd to thés
invicto populo, clarissimo imperio,
wnconquered people, (to thi8) mo8t famou8 empire, (to this)
pulcherrimae urbi, contra tantam . vim sceleris.
^most beautêful city, against 8uch great violence of crime.
Quod si iam ' adepti sint id quod cupiunt
But if already they may obtain that which they de8ire
Cum SlimmnnO furore, num illi sperant: se
with the highest enthusiasm, do they hope they
futuros consules, ae dictatores, aut etiam reges in
will be consuls, and dictators, or even kings in
cinere urbis, et; sanguine civium,
the a8he8 of the city, and in the blood of the citizens,
e concupierunt conscelerata a0
which (things) they have desired with crìmìnal amd

nefaria mente? Non vident se cupere id,


nefarious mind ? Do they not 8ee that they desére that,
quod si adepti fuerint, sit necesse concedi alicui
which üf they obtain, ^mw8t be yielded to 8ome

fugitivo aut gladiatori ?


fugitive 0r gladiator ?

20 Tertium genus est iam affectum aetate,


The thárd class £s already affected by age,
sed tamen robustum exercitatione ; ex quo genere est
but yet 7robu8t by ea:ercise: of this - class i8
Manlius ipse, cui Catilina nunc succedit.
Maml£u8 him8elf, to whom Catiline movo i8 going.
Sunt homines ex eis coloniis quas Sulla
These are men from those colonies which Sulla
constituit, universas quas ego sentio esse
established, the whole of mohich I perce$ve to be
optimorum civium, et fortissimorum viorum ;
(composed) of the best citizens, and of the bravest mem;

sed tamen ei sunt , coloni, qui iactarunt


but yet these are colonists, who have displayed
54 CICERO.

Se sumtuosius que insolentius in


themselve8 too earpensively and too insolently in, (their)
insperatis que repentinis pecuniis. - Dum hi
unhoped.for and suddem weoelth. While these

aedificant tamquam beati, dum delectantur


buíld. a8 if wealthy, wchile they delight
lectis praediis, magnis familiis, apparatis
£n their choice estates, great households, in their prepared
conviviis, inciderunt in tantum
(magnificent) banquet8, they have fallen into such great
aes alienum, ut si velint esse salvi, Sulla
debt, that åf they wish to be 8afe, Sullœ~

sit excitandus eis ab inferis : qui etiam


nwu8t be raísed by them from the dead: these oelso

impulerunt non ullos agrestis, tenuis atque


have impelled 8omne frustics, slender (poor) and

egentis homines, in illam eandem spem veterum


needy men, into that 86ne hope of old

rapinarum. Utrosque quos ego, Quirites, pono in


plunder, Both of these I, I?oman8, place in
eodem genere praedatorum
the same ` class
que direptorum.
of plumderers and of pilla gers.
Sed
But

moneo eos hoc : desinant furere, ac cogitare


I ad poese them this: let them cea8e to rage, and to devise
proscriptiones et dictaturas. Enim tantus dolor
proscriptions and dictatorships. For 80 great a horror
illorum temporum est inustus civitati, ut _ iam
of those tîmes £s branded upom the 8tate, that moue
non modo homines,
mot omly ^mem,
sed
but
nemot
quidem
even,
pecudes,
cattle,
videantur
8e€?n,

mihi esse passurae ista.


to me (not) lékely to allow tho8e things.
21 Quartum genus est sane varium, et mixtum,
The fourth class ís truly various, and miaced,
et turbulentum, qui iampridem premuntur,
wnd turbulent, who long 8ínce are burdened (with debt),,
CATILINE—II. 55

qui numquam emergent, qui vacillant in


who rede* will emerge (therefrom), who stagger under

vetere aere alieno, partim inertia, partim negotio


theoer old debt, partly by 8loth, partly by bu8ine88
male gerendo,
badly carried on (by conducting their business badly),
partim etiam sumptibus ; qui defatigati
partly al80 by eætravagance; the8e being hara88ed
vadimoniis, iudiciis, proscriptione bonorum,
by bail, by judgment8, by confiscation off)roperty,
permulti dicuntur conferre Se et €X

én great number are 8aid to betake them&elves both from


urbe et ex agris in illa castra. Ego
the city and from the country •nto that coemp. 1

arbitror hosce esse non tam acris milites quam


think the8e are mot 8o much active 8oldiers 08

lentos infitiatores. Primum qui homines, si


@nactìve cheat8. F£r8t let these ^mem, §f
non possunt stare, corruant; sed ita,
they are not able to 8tand, (first of all) fall; batt 80,

ut non modo civitas, sed ne quidem proximi


that mot only the state, but 7not €ven, the$r meare8t
vicini sentiant. Nam non intellego illud,
neighbors mag perceive ít. For I do mot understand this,
. quam ob rem, si possunt non vivere honeste,
woherefore, £f' they can. mot lève honorably,
velint perire turpiter ; aut cur arbitrentur
they wish to perish ba8ely; or why they think
•Se perituros minore dolore cum multis
themselve8 likely to peri8h with le88 pain with many
quam si pereant soli.
than £f they peri8h alone.

22 Quintum genus est parricidarum, sicariorum,


The fifth cla88 i8 of parricide8, 0f a88a88in8,
denique, omnium facinorosorum, quos ego non revoco
finally, of all evil-doers, whom I do not call back
56 CICERO.

8. Catilina. Nam possunt neque divelli ab


from Catiline. For they cam mot be torn auca y from
eo, et sane, pereant in latrocinio, quoniam
hùm, and truly, let them perish in wcar, since

sunt ita multi ut carcer possit non capere eos.


they are 8o many that a prison can not hold them.
Autem postremum genus non solum numero, verum
Eut this last kind not only in number, but

etiam genere ipso atque vita est quod est


also in kind itaelf and in life is (this) chieh is
proprium Catilinae, de eius delectu, immo vero de
peculiar to Catiline, from his very choice, even from
eius complexu ac sinu, quos videtis
him embrace and bosom (his bosom friends), whom you 8ee
XO capillo, nitidos, aut imberbis, aut
wcith combed (curled) hair, sleek, either beardless or
bene barbatos, tunicis municatis et
^dell bearded, ^bith tunics having sleeves and

talaribus, amictos velis, non togis,


reaching to the ankles, clothed with veils, mot with togas,
omnis industria quorum vitae et labor vigilandi
all the indu8try of whose lífe and labor of patching

expromitur in cenis antelucanis. 23 Omnes


£s eaehibited in suppers before daybreak. All

aleatores, omnes adulteri, omnes impuri que


gamesters, all adulterers, all impure ot nd

impudici , versantur in his gregibus : hi pueri


^unchaste (persons) associate in these flocks: the8e boys
tam lepidi ac delicati dedicerunt non solum amare
so pretty and delicate have learned not only to love

et amari, neque cantare et saltare, sed etiam


and to be loved, mot (only) to sing and to dance, but also
vibrare sicas, et spargere venena ; nisi
to brandi8h poniards, and to scatter poison8; unless
qui exeunt, nisi pereunt, etiam si Catilima
the$e go out, umless they perish, even öf Catiline
CATILINE—II. , 57

perierit, scitote hoc futurum seminarium


8hali peri8h, know this will be a seminary (nursery)
Catilinarum in re publica. Verum tamen quid isti
of Catilines in the republic. Yet truly what (do) those
miseri volunt sibi ? Nun sunt
wretched (per8on$) w$$h. for themselve8 ? Are they
ducturi suas mulierculas cum S€ in
íntending to lead the$r (007??e??, with themselve8 £nto
castra ? Autem quem ad modum poterunt Carerò
the camp ? But howo will they be able to be without

illis, praesertim iam his noctibus? Autem quo


them, especially mono in these mights ? Amd •m ^bhat
pacto illi perferent Apenninum, atque illas
ínanner will they bear the Apennine8, amd those

pruinas ac nivis? Nisi putant se toleraturos


frosts and snows ? Unless they think that they will endure
hiemem facilius idcirco, quod didicerunt
vtinter more easily on this account, becau8e they have learned
saltare nudi in conviviis.
to damce maked in banquet8.
24 O bellum magnopere pertimescendum, cum
0 @do/* greoetly to be feared, . when

Catilina sit habiturus hanc praetoriam cohortem


Catiline i8 going to have thís praetorian cohort

scortorum. Instruite nunc, Quirites,


(body guard) of debauchees. Array moue, H?oman8,

vestra praesidia, que vestros exercitus contra has


your guard8, and your armie8 again8t these
tam praeclaras copias Catilinae : et primum opponite
80 famous forces of Catiline: amd first oppo8e

vestros consules que imperatores illi confecto


g/our consuls amd commonder8 to that eæhausted

et saucio gladiatori ; deinde educite florem


and wounded gladiator; afterwards leoed out the floter
ac robur totius Italae contra illam eiectam
and 8trength of the whole of Italy against that o^utca &t
58 CICERO.

ac debilitatam manum naufragorum.


amd debilitated band of shipwrecked (ruined men).
Vero iam urbes coloniarum ac
In truth, (0) the cities of your colonie8 and

municipiorum respondebunt
of your municipal toucn8 will answer (will oppose)

silvestribus tumulis Catilinae. Neque vero


to the wooded hills of Catiline. Nor truly
debeo conferre ceteras copias, vestra
ought I to compare (your) other forces, g/our

ornamenta, praesidia, cum inopia atque egestate


equipments, guard8, with the meed and woerat

illius latronis. 25 Sed si, his rebus omissis,


of that 7'obber. But $f, these things being omitted,
quibus nos suppeditamur, ille eget—
@n uohich we are 8upplied, (which) he is without—

senatu, Romanis equitibus, urbe, aerario,


α 8enate, Homoem knight8, the city, a treasury,
vectigalibus, cuncta Italia, omnibus provinciis,
(revenues, the whole of Italy, all the provinces,
exteris nationibus—si, his rebus omissis,
foreign nation8— f, the8e things being omitted,
velimus contendere causas ipsas quae
ue 8hould wish to compare the cau8e8 themselve8 vchich.
confligunt inter se, possumus intellegere
conflict between themselves, nbe are able to understand
(•X e() ipso quam valde illi iaceant.
from that théng itself . how much (low) they lie.

Enim ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc


For- 0, thís 8£de mode8ty fight8, there

petulantia ; hinc pudicitia, illine stuprum ; hinc


insolence; here chastity, there debauchery; here

fides, illinc fraudatio ; hinc pietas, illinc scelus;


good faith., there cheating: here piety, there crime;
hinc constantia, illine furor ; hinc honestas,
here con8tancy, there madne88; here hone8ty,
CATIILINE—II. 59

illiné turpitudo ; hinc continentia, illinc libido ;


there ba8ene88; here continence, there lu8t;

denique, aequitas, temperantia, fortitudo, prudentia,


finally, equity, temperance, courage, prudence,
omnes virtutes certant eum iniquitate, cum luxuria,
all vìrtue8 contend with iniquity, with luaeury,

cum ignavia, cum temeritate, cum omnibus vitiis ;


with ídleme88, with ra8hne88, with all vice8;

postremo, copiae cum egestate, bona ratio cum


la8t, re8ource8 with, ^Dant, good 8y8tem with

perdita, sana mens cum amentia, denique, bona


lo8t, 8ound mind with madme88, finally, good
spes confligit cum desperatione omnium rerum.
hope conflict8 ^ο$th, de8pair of all things.

In certamine ac proelio huiusmodi, etiam si


In a cOnte8t amd battle of thi8 8ort, even £f
studia hominum deficiant, nOnne
the desires (support) of men 7may fail, would mot
immortales di ipsi cogant tot et;
the immortal gods them&elve8 force 8o many and
tanta vitia superari ab his praeclarissimis
8o great vice8 to be overcome by the8e mo8t íllu8triou8
virtutibus?
vìrtues ?

26 Cum quae sint ita, Quirites, vos defendite


Since the8e things are thus, Roman8, do you defend
vestra tecta, quem ad modem iam antea, custodiis
gyour hou8e8, a8 I have said already before, with guards
que vigiliis : consultum est
and with watches: it has been consulted (it has been cared
ac provisum mihi, ut esSet, satis
for) : and provided by me, that there 8hould be enough
praesidi urbi sine vestro motu,
guard to the city without your di8turbamce (without
ac sine ullo tumultu. Omnes
disturbing you), and without any tumult. All
60 CICERO.

vestri coloni que municipes, facti certiores


your coloni8t8 and municipal (citizens), being ίηformed
8, e de hac nocturna excursione Catilinae,
by me concerning this might eaecursion of Catiline,
defendent facile suas urbis que finis :
will defend ea8ily their citie8 and territories:

gladiatores, quam ille putavit fore


the gladiator8, whom he (Catiline) thought would boe
maximam et certissimam manum sibi—
a very large. and a very 8ure band to himself

quamquam sunt meliore animo quam pars


although they are qf better intent than a part
patriciorum— tamen continebuntur nOstra
of the patrician8— yet 8hall be held in check by our

potestate. Q. Metellus, quem ego, prospiciens hoc,


ponder. Q. Metellus, whom I, foreseeing this,

praemisi in Gallicum agrum que Picenum, aut


8ent before into . Gaul and Picenum, either

opprimet hominem, aut prohibebit omnis eius


will oppress the man, or* will prevent all hi8

motus que conatus. Autem de


^m0vement8 amd attempts. Eut concerning
constituendis reliquis rebus, maturandis,
arrangement of remaining things, their eaeecution,
agendis, referemus iam ad
the$r accomplishment, we will refer (the matter) now to
senatum, quem videtis vocari. 27 Nunc etiam
the 8enate, which you 8ee i8 being called. Now al80

atque etiam volo illos


amd al8o (again and again) I aci8h those (to be)
monitos qui remanserunt in urbe, atque adeo
advi8ed who have remained in the city, and edem,

qui relicti sunt a Catilina contra salutem urbis,


who have been left by Catiline against the safety of the city,
que omnium vestrum, quamquam sunt hostes,
and of all £/0u, although they are enemies,
CATIIINE—II. 61

tamen quia sunt cives. Si mea lenitas


gyet becau8e they are citizens. If my mildmes8
adhue visa est cui solutior, exspectavit
-hitherto has 8eemed to any (person) too laae, it has waitedfor
hoc, ut id erumperet quod latebat.
this, that that might burst forth which lay concea led.
Quod est reliquum,
What £8 remaïnïng (as far as regards the future),

non possum iam oblivisci hanc esse meam


I am not able mow to forget thés to be my

patriam, me esse consulem horum, aut


country, myself to be the con8ul qf the8e, either

esse vivendum mihi cum his, aut moriendum pro


I mu8t live with the8e, or nu8t die for
his. Est nullus custos portis,
these. There $8 '0 keeper at the gate (0|f the city),
nullus insidiator viae ; si qui volunt exire,
0 plotter in the way; éf any wish to go out,
possum conivere. Vero qui commoverit Se
I cam wínk at ít. But (he) abho 8hall move hūmselj

in urbe, cuius ego deprehendero non modo ullum


@n the city, of whom I 8hall detect mot only ang

factum, sed inceptum ve conatum contra patriam,


deed, but undertaking or attempt against the country,
sentiet esse in hac urbe vigilantis consules,
8hall perceive there are ín this city vigilant con8uls,
eSSe egregios magistratus, €SS€ fortem
there are eæcellent magi8trate8, there i8 a bold

senatum, esse arma, esse carcerem, quem


8enate, there are arms, there $8 a prison, which

nostri maiores voluerunt esse vindicem nefariorum


or* ance8tor8 have wished to be the avenger of nefarious
ac manifestorum scelerum.
and of open crìme8.

28 Atque omnia haec agentur sic,


And all these things 8hall be done 80,
62 CICERO.

Quirites, ut maximae res minimo motu,


Homan8, that the greatest things with the leoest commotion,
summa pericula nullo tumultu, intestinum ac
the highest dangers with no tumult, a civil and

domesticum bellum, crudelissimum ac maximum


dome8tíc war, the most cruel, and the greate8t
post memoriam hominum, sedetur, Ine

8ince the memory of men, mag be allayed, with my8elf


llnC) togato duce et
alone wearüng the toga (in the garb of peace) as leader and
imperatore. Quod ego administrabo sic, Quirites, that
commander. Thi8 I will manage so, Romans, that
si poterit fieri ullo modo, ne quidem quisquam
£f it cam be done in any manner, not even amy

improbus sufferat poenam sui sceleris


dishone8t (per8on) may undergo the penalty of hi8 crime
in hac urbe. Sed si vis manifestae audaciae,
£n this city. But éf the violence of open audacity,
si periculum impendens patriae deduxerint me
£f the damger hanging over my country shall lead me away
necessario de hac lenitate animi, perficiam
nece88arily from this lenity of mind, I will perform
profecto illud quid videtur vix optandum in
índeed that which 8eems 8carcely to be eaepected in

tanto et tam insidioso bello, ut neque quisquam


8o great and 8o treacherous a war, that not any

bonus intereat, que vos omnes possitis esse


good (per8on) may peri8h, and you all cor, be

salvi poena paucorum. 29 Quae


8afe by the punishment of a few. These things
quidem ego polliceor vobis, Quirites, fretus neque
éndeed I promi8e to you, Homan8, relying neither
neâ prudentia, neque humanis consiliis, sed
on my own - prudence, nor om human counsel8, but

iiìultis et non dubiis significationibus immortalium


qm mamy and undoubted omne8 qf the immortal
CATILINE—II. 63

deorum, quibus ducibus ego ingressus sum in


g0d&, under whom a8 leaders I have entered ínto

hanc spem que sententiam ; qui iam defendunt


thés hope and ideal; who mow defend
S. templa atque tecta urbis IO

their own temple8 and the hou8e8 qf the city not


procul, ut quondam solebant, ab
from afar off, 08 0??c6 they were accu8tomed, from
externo atque longinquo
am eaetermal and distant
hoste, sed hic praesentes
enemy, but here present
SUO numine atque auxilio. Quos vos,
with the$r own, ónfluence and aid. The8e ?/0u,

Quirites, debetis precari, venerari, atque implorare,


Roman8, ought to pray to, to adore, and to •mplore,
ut, defendant, â nefario scelere
that they may defend, from the nefaríou8 crìme

perditissimorum civium, hanc urbem, quam


of abamdoned citizen8, thi8 city, which,

voluerunt esse pulcherrimam, florentissimam,


they have wished to be the mo8t beautiful, the mo8t flourishing,
que potentissimam, omnibus copiis hostium
and the mo8t powerful, when all the force8 qf enemies
superatis terra que mari.
are overcome by land and 8ea.
64 CICERO.

CATILINE — III.

l Quirites, videtis rem publicam, que vitam


H?oman8, you 8ee the republic, and the life

vestrum omnium, vestros bona, fortunas, coniuges que


of you all, your goods, fortunes, wcives and
liberos, atque hoc domicilium clarissimi imperi,
children, and thés abode of the mostfamous empire,
fortunatissimam que pulcherrimam urbem, ereptam
this most fortunate and mo8t beautiful city, rescued

ex flamma atque ferro, ac paene ex faucibus


from flame and 8word, and almost from the javcs
fati, et conservatam ac restitutam vobis, hodierno die,
offate, and pre8erved and restored to you, on this day,
SlminO amore imnmortalium deorum
by the highest (very great) love of the immortal gods
erga vos, meis laboribus, consiliis que periculis.
toward you, by my labor8, counsel8 and at my risk.
2 Et si ei dies quibus conservamur sunt non
And if tho8e days ín mohich we are preserved are motus

minus iucundi atque inlustres nobis quam illi quibus


le88 plea8ant and bright for u8 than tho8e in which
nascimur—quod laetitia salutis est certa,
we are born—becau8e the joy of 8afety £8 certain,
condicio nascendi incerta ; et quod
the condition of being born (i8) uncertain; and because
nascimur sine sensu, S€r'yam C.

we are born, without feeling, (and) we are pre8erved with


voliintate—profecto, quoniam sustulimus illum
pleus ure-— 8urely, becotuse we hoeve ea:tolled that
CATILINE-III. 65

qui condidit hanc urbem, ad immortalis


one (Romulus,), who founded this city, to the immortal

deos benevolentia que famā, is debebit


gods with thanksgiving and with fame, he ought in future
esse in honore apud vos que vestros posteros, qui
to be in honor among you and your descendants, who
servavit hanc eandem urbem conditam que
has preserved this 80,7726 city after it was founded and
amplificatam. Nam restinximus ignis iam
enlarged. For we have eætinguished the fires already
prope subiectos que circumdatos moenibus,
nearly cast under and placed around the walls,
templis, delubris, tectis, ac toti urbi ;
the temples, the shrines, the houses and the whole city;
que idem retudimus gladios destrictos
and (we), the same (ones), have blunted the swords draudn

in rem publicam, que deiecimus GOI’ll Im


against the republic, and we have thrust aside their

mucrones ab vestris iugulis. 3 Quoniam quae


points from your throats. Because these things
inlustrata sunt, patefacta, comperta in senatu
have been brought to light, laid open, discovered in the senate
per me, exponam iam breviter vobis,
through me, I will erplain now briefly to you,
Quirites, ut vos, qui ignoratis, possitis
Romans, that you, who are ignorant of (them), may be able
scire et quanta et qua ratione
to know both how great (they are) and in what manner
investigata sint et comprehensa. Principio,
they may have been traced and detected. In the first place,
ut Catilina erupit ex urbe paucis diebus
when Catiline bur8ť out of the city a few days
ante, cum reliquisset Romae socios sui
ag0, when he had left at Rome the partners of his
sceleris, acerrimos duces huiusce nefarii belli,
crime, the most active leaders of this nefarious war,
5
66 CICERO.

vigilavi semper, et providi, Quirites, quem ad modum


Iwatched aluuys, and took care, Roman8, in what manner

possemus esse salvi in tantis et tam


(how) ue might be able to be 8afe in 80 great and 8ueh
absconditis insidiis.
hidden, 8?ια^*e8.

Nam tum, cum eiciebanm Catilinam ex urbe


For them, when I ca8t Catiline out of the city
—enim vereor non iam invidiam huius verbi,
—for Ifear mo longer the unpopularity of thi8 word,
cum illa sit magis timenda, quod exierit
since that is more to be feared, because he has gone out
vivus—sed tum, cum volebam illum exterminari,
alive— but them, when I wished him to be banished,
putabam aut reliquam manum coniuratorum
I thought either the remaining band of conspirators
exituram simul, aut eos qui restitissent
would go out . at the same time, or tho8e who remained
fore infirmos ac debilis sine illo. 4 Atque
would be helpless and weak without him. And

ego, ut vidi eos, quos sciebam esse inflammatos


I, when I 8aw those, whom 1 kmewo were ínflamed
maximo furore et scelere, esse cum nobis, et
vcith the greatest fury and crime, to be with us, and
remansisse Romae, consumpsi omnis dies que
to have remained at Rome, con8umed all my day8 and
noctis in eo, ut sentirem ac viderem quid
mights in this, that Imight discover and 8ee what

agerent, quid molirentur ; ut, quoniam mea


they did, vchat they attempted; that, becau8e ^my

oratio faceret minorem fidem vestris auribus,


^bords might brüng le88 faith to your eor*s

- propter incredibilem
(would gain little credit), because of the incredible

magnitudinem sceleris, comprehenderem rem ita,


enormity of the crime, I might detect the thing so,
CATILINE—III. 67

ut tum demum provideretis vestrae saluti


that then at length you might provide for your safety
animis, cum videretis maleficium ipsum
with your mînds, when you 8aw the mischief itself
oculis. Itaque ut comperi
with your eye8. Therefore when I d$8covered
legatos Allobrogum sollicitatos esse
that the amba88adors of the Allobroge8 had been tampered with
a P. Lentulo, CállSâ, excitandi Transalpini
by P. Lentulus, for the sake of arou8ing a Tran8alpine
belli, et Gallici tumultus, que €()S
war, amd of a Gallic upheaval, and that tho8e

missos esse in Galliam ad suos civis, que eodem


had been 8ent into Gaul to their citizens, and on the 8ame
itinere, cum litteris que mandatis ad Catilinam, que
journey, with letter8 and commands to Catiline, and
Vulturcium adiunctum eis comitem,
(that) Vulturciu8 had joined them (a8) a compamion,
atque litteras datas esse huic ad Catilinam, putavi
anâ letter8 had been given to him for Catiline, Ithought
facultatem oblatam mihi, ut— quod
the opportunity wa8 offered to me thowt—(a thing) which
erat difficillimum, que quod ego semper optabam
wcas mo8t difficult, and which I alway8 wished for
â immortalibus dis— tota res deprehenderetur
from the îmmortal gods—the whole thing might be detected
manifesto non solum a me sed etiam a senatu, et
openly not only by me but al80 by the 8enate, and
a vobis. 5 Itaque hesterno die vocavi ad me L.
by you. Therefore ye8terday I called to me L.
Flaccum et C. Pomptinum, praetores, viros
Flaccu8 and 0. Pomptinu8, the praetors, mem,

fortissimos atque amantissimos rei publicae ;


~mo8t courageou8 and ^most devoted to the republic;

exposui omnem rem, ostendi quid placeret


I eoeplained the whole affair, I 8howed what it pleased
68 CICERO.

fieri. Autem illi, qui


(what I thought proper) to be done. And they, who

sentirent omnia praeclara atque egregia


felt all tillustrious and excellent (sentiments)
de re publica, susceperunt negotium sine
concerning the republic, wndertook the business without
recusatione ac sine ulla mora, et cum
refusal and without any delay, and when
advesperasceret, pervenerunt occulte ad Mulvium
it became evening, they arrived secretly at the Mulvian
pontem, atque fuerunt ibi in proximis villis,
bridge, and were there in the nearest country-houses,

ita bipartito, ut Tiberis et pons interesset


so in two parties, that the Tiber and the bridge 2ce?"6

inter eos. Autem et ipsi eduxerant multos


between them. Moreover both they had led out many
fortis viros eodem sine suspitione
bold men to the same place without the suspicion
cuiusquam, et ego miseram cum gladiis eX

of any one, and I had sent with swords out of


Reatina praefectura compluris delectos adolescentis
the Reatinian prefecture many chosen goung men

praesidio, quorum opera utor adsidue in republica.


as a guard, whose assistance I use constantly in the republic.
6 Interim, tertia vigilia fere exacta,
In the mean time, the third watch almost being completed,
Cum legati Allobrogum inciperent iam
when the ambassadors of the Allobroges began already
ingredi Mulvium pontem cum magno comitatu,
to come upon the Mulvian bridge with a great attendance,
que Vulturcius una, impetus
and Vulturcius (was) together (with them), an attack

fit in eos; gladii educuntur et


fis made upon them; swords are drawn out both

ab illis, et a nostris; reS erat


by them, and by our (men), the trouble 2008
CATILINE—III. 69

nota praetoribus , solis, ignorabatur â


kmowon to the praetor8 alone, άt wa8 umkmowm, by
ceteris.
the re8t.

Tum, interventu Pomptini atque Flacci,


Them, at the intervention of Pomptinu8 and of Flaccus,
pugna, quae commissa erat, sedatur. Quaecumque \
the fight, which had been begum, $8 8topped. Whatever
litterae erant in eo comitatu traduntur
letter8 @de?'e in that compamy are delívered up

praetoribus, signis integris; ipsi


to the praetors, with the 8eal8 entire; the men them&elve8
comprehensi deducuntur ad me, C.
being seized are led tO ^mé, when,

iam dilucesceret. Atque vocavi statim


ét wa8 already growing light. And I called immediately
ad me Gabinium Cimbrum, improbissimum
t0 ^^^e : Gabinius Cimber, the mo8t wicked

machinatorem omnium horum scelerum, suspicantem


comtrìver of all these crime8, 8u8pecting
nihil dum. Deinde item L. Statilius arcessitur,
nothing a8 yet. Them, also L. Statílíu$ £8 8ent for,

et post eum C. Cethegus ; autem Lentulus venit


and after hüm C. Cethegus; but Lentulu8 came

tardissime, credo quod vigilarat proxima


lov8t, Ibelieve becau8e he had watched om the last
nocte praeter consuetudinem dandis litteris.
might beyond hî8 cu8tom £n giving the letter8.

7 Vero cum placeret summis


But although it plea8ed (seemed fit to) the highest
a0 clarissimis viris huius civitatis (qui,
and most famou& ^61, of this 8tate (who,
re audita, convenerant
the occurremce being heard of, had come together
frequentes ad me mane), litteras
in qreat numbers to me in the morning), that the letters
70 CICERO.

aperiri a me prius quam deferrem


should be opemed by me before I should refer them
ad senatum—ne, si nihil inventum esset,
to the 8enate—le8t, £f nothing 8hould be found,
tantus tumultus videretur iniectus
8o great a disturbamce ^might 8eem (to be) brought

: civitati a me temere—negavi me esse facturum


wpon the 8tate by me rashly — I refu8ed to act

ut non deferrem integram rem de


8o that I 8hould mot refer the entire matter concerning
publico periculo ad publicum consilium. Etenim,
the public danger to the public council. For,
Quirites, si €a. quae delata erant ad
I?oman8, éf tho8e things which had been reported to
me non reperta essent, tamen ego non arbitrabar
me had mot been found, gyet I did mot think

nimiam diligentiam esse pertimescendam mihi


too great diligence was to be feared by me
in tantis pericülis rei publicae. Coëgi
in 8uch great dangers of the republic. I collected
celeriter frequentem senatum, ut vidistis.
quickly d, /^re^^o?.s 8enate, a8 you have 8een.
8 Atque interea, admonitu Allobrogum,
And in the meantime, by the advice of the Allobroges,
misi statim C. Sulpicium, praetorem, fortem
I 8ent immediately C. Sulpicius, the praetor, a bold
virum, qui, si €SS€t quid telorum,
^moem, who, £f there vere any ' weapons,
efferret ex aedibus Cethegi ; eX

might brüng them out of the house of Cethegus ; out of


quibus ille extulit maximum numerum sicarum
whìch. he brought a very great number of poníard8
et gladiorum.
amd of 8words.
Introduxi Vulturcium sine Gallis ; dedi
I led ín Vulturcius without the Gawls ; Igave
CATILINE—1II. 71

ei publicam fidem, iussu


to h£m. the pledge of the public faith, by order
senatus; hortatus sum ut indicaret sine timor
of the 8enate; I eaehorted h$m to îndicate without fear
eâ quae sciret. Tum ille, cum
tho8e thing& which, he knew. Them, he, when

vix recreasset se ex magno timore,


he 8carcely had recovered himself from hi8 great fear,
dixit se habere mandata et litteras â
8aid he had commamds and letters from
ILentulo ad Catilinam, ut uteretur praesidio \
Lentulu8 to Catiline, that he 8hould use the guard
servorum, et accederet cum exercitu
(the help) Qf 8lave8, and should approach with the army
ad urbem quam primum ; autem id €O

to the city a8 800n a8 po88ible; and that with thi8


consilio, ut, cum incendissent urbem , ex
de8ign, that, when they had 8et fire to the city on
omnibus partibus, quem ad modum descriptum erat
all 8£de8, d8 ét had been mapped out
que distributum, que fecissent infinitam
amd distributed, and had accomplished an infinite
caedem civium, ille esset praesto et
8laughter of citizens, he might be at hand both
qui exciperet fugientis, et coniungeret Se
to rece$ve (tho8e) fleeing, amd umite himself
cum his ducibus urbanis. 9 Autem Galli
with the8e leaders of the city. Moreover the Gauls,
introducti dixerunt iusiurandum et litteras
whem led •m, 8a£d. an oath amd letter8

datas esse sibi a Lentulo, Cethego,


had been given to themselve8 by Lentulu8, Cethegus,
Statilio ad suam gentem, atque ita
(and) Statiliu8 for the$r mation, amd thus
praescriptum esse sibi, ab his et a
£t had been commanded to themselves, by these and by
79 CICERO,

L. Cassio, ut mitterent equitatum in Italiam


L. Ca88iu8, that they should send cavalry into Italy
quam primum ; pedestris copias non defuturas
a8 80on a8 po88ible; foot forces would not be wanting
sibi. Autem, Lentulum confirmasse sibi ex
to them. Besides, Lentulus had assured - them from
Sibyllinis fatis que responsis haruspicum, Se

the Sibylline fate8 and the answers of diviners, that he


esse illum tertium Cornelium, ad quem esset
(08 that thérd Cornelius, to vohom £t vtas

neCeSSe regnum huius urbis atque imperium


mece88ary (that) the rule qf this city and the command
pervenire; Cinnam et Sullam fuisse ante se ;
8hould come; Cinna and Sulla had been before him;
que eundem dixisse hunc esse annum
amd the 8a me ome 8aid thi8 to be the year

fatalem ad interitum huius urbis atque


ordained by fute for the de8truction jf this city amd

imperi, qui esset decimus annus post


empiré, which (08 the tenth geoer after

absolutionem virginum, autem vicesimus post


the acquitting of the virgins, but the twentieth after
incensionem Capitoli. 10 Autem dixerunt hanc
the burning qf the Capitol. Moreover they said this

controversiam fuisse Cethego cum


di8pute was (betuceen) Cethegus with (and)
eeteris, quod, placeret Lentulo et ceteris
the rest, becau8e, it plea8ed Lentulu8 and the rest

caedem fieri, atque urbem incendi


that the massacre should occur, and the city be 8et on fire
Saturnalibus, id videretur nimium longum
on the Saturnalia, but that 8eemed toO long

Cethego.
to Cethegus.
Ac, ne sit longum, Quirites,
And, le8t it mag be long (tedious), Homans,
CATII.INE—III. 73

iussimus , tabellas proferri, quae


we ordered the letters to be brought forward, which,

dicebantur datae a quoque. Primum


were 8a£d to have been given by each. F'£r8t

ostendimus signum Cethego ; cognovit :


we 8howed the 8eal to Cethegus; he acknowledged (it):

nos incidimus linum ; legimus ; erat scriptum


de cut the thread; we read ; it wa8 written,

ipsius senatui et
with the hand of the man him8elf to the 8emate amd

populo Allobrogum, SeSe eSSe


to the people of the Allobroge8, that he,him8elf îdos

facturum quae confirmasset €OllI


about to do (the things) chich he had affirmed to their

legatis; orare ut item illi facerent


ambassadors; he begged that also they would do (the things)
quae eorum legati recipissent sibi.
which their ambassador8 received for them (took on
Tum Cethegus, qui paulo
themselves to promise). Then Cethegus, woho a little
ante respondisset aliquid de gladiis
before had answered 8omething concerning the swords
aO' sicis, quae deprehensa erant apud ipsum,
and poniards, which had been di8covered at hi8 house,
que dixisset se semper fuisse studiosum
and had said he always . had been 8tudiou8 (an
bonorum ferramentorum, debilitatus atque
admirer) of good weapon8, ^beakened and

abiectus conscientia, litteris recitatis,


ca8t down by con8cience, ^ohen the letter8 were read aloud,
repente conticuit. Statilius introductus
8uddenly became 8ilent. Statwlìu8, being led in,
cognovit manum et suum signum ; tabellae
acknowledged hi8 hand and hi8 8eal; the letter8

recitatae sunt in fere eandem sententiam ;


were read aloud to mearly the 8ame purpose;
v.

74 CICERO.

confessus est. Tùm ostendi tabellas Lentulo,


he confes8ed. Then I showed the letters to Lentulus,
et quaesivi ne cognosceret signum ;
and I asked whether he would acknowledge the 8eal;
annuit. “ Vero signum quidem est notum,”
he nodded assent. “Truly the 8eal indeed is knowcn,''
inquam, “imago clarissimi viri, tui
I 8aid, “ the ίmage of that most famous man, your
avi, qui amavit patriam et suos
grandfather, vcho loved his country and his

civis unice, quae quidem, etiam


fellow-citizens remarkably, which (image) indeed, eten,

muta, debuit eVOCare te à

(although) dumb, ought to have recalled you from


tanto scelere.” ll Litterae ad senatum que
so great a crime.'' The letters to the senate and

populum Allobrogum leguntur eadem ratione ;


people of the Allobroges are read in the same manner;
si vellet dicere quid de his rebus,
if he wished to 8ay anything concerning these things,
feci potestatem. Atque ille quidem primo
Igave (him) opportunity. And he indeed at first
negavit ; autem aliquanto post, toto indicio
demied; but 8omenohat after, the whole evidence
exposito atque edito, surrexit; quaesivit a
being eacplained and made public, he rose; he asked from
Gallis, quid esset sibi cum eis,
the Gaul8, vohat wa8
to hóm&elf with them (what he
uam ob rem venissent suam
had to do with them), T wherefore they had come to hws
domum ; que item a Vulturcio. Cum qui
homu8e; and also from Vulturcius. When they
respondissent illi breviter que constanter, per
answered him briefly and uniformly, through

quem que quotiens venissent ad eum, que


whom and hono often they had come to him, and
CATII,INE—III. 75
quaesissent ab eo ne locutus esset nihil
asked from him whether he had spoken nothing
SeCllmn de Sibyllinis fatis, . tum ille,
with them concerning the Sibylline fates, then he,
subito demens scelere, ostendit quanta vis
suddenly mad with crime, &howed hoc great the force
conseientiae esset. Nam cum posset infitiari
qf conscience was. For although he was able to dem y
id, repente, praeter opinionem omnium,
that, suddenly, contrary to the opinion of all,
confessus est. Ita non modo illud ingenium et
he confe88ed. Thu8 not only that ability amd

exercitatio dicendi, qua valuit semper,


facility of 8peoeking, in vchich he prevailed alucays,
sed etiam, propter vim manifesti atque
but al8o, becau8e of the force of manife8t a nd

deprehensi sceleris, impudentia, qua superabat


of' detected crime, hi8 impudence, in which he 8urpassed
omnis, que improbitas defecit. 12 Vero
all, and di8home8ty failed /im. Then £m truth
Vulturcius subito iussit litteras proferri
Vulturcùus suddenly ordered the letters to be broughtforward
atque aperiri, quas dicebat datas esse sibi
and to be opened, vthich he 8aid had been given to him
a Lentulo ad Catilinam. Atque ibi Ientulus,
by Lentulus for Catìlîme. And then Lentulus,
perturbatus vehementissime, tamen cognovit et
being disturbed most violently, yet acknowledged both
suum signum et manum. Autem erant scriptae
hi8 8eal and hand. But they were written
sine nomine, sed ita : “ Cognosces qui sim
without a mame, but thus: “ You cill know who 1 am
ex eo quem . misi ad te. Cura ut
from /iim phom I have «ent to you. Take care that
sis vir, et cogita in quem locum
you be a man, and comsider into what a place
76 CICERO.

progressus sis; et vide ecquid iam sit necesse


you have advanced; and see what nouo is necessary
tibi. Cura ut adiungas tibi auxilia
for you. Take care that you join to yourself the aid
omnium, etiam infimorum.” Deinde Gabinius,
of all, eden, of the lowest.” Them. Gabinius,

introductus, cum primo coepisset respondere


being led ín, although at first he had begum to ansacer

impudenter, ad extremum negavit nihil ex


£mpudently, at the last he denied nothing of
eis quae Galli insimulabant. 13 Ac
those things which the Gauls laid to his charge. And

C. illa visa sunt mihi quidem, Quirites,


not only tho8e things 8eemed to me indeed, Romans,
certissima argumenta atque indicia sceleris—
^most certaüm argument8 and evidence of crime—
tabellae, signa, manus, denique, confessio
the letter8, 8eal8, the handwriting&, and lastly, the confe88ion,
unius cuiusque— tum illa multo
of each- but the$e (8eemed to me) ~much

certiora, color, oculi, voltus,


more certain, the (changed) color, the eye8, the look,
taciturnitas. Enim obstupuerant sic,
the 8ilence. For* they became dumbfounded 80,

intuebantur terram sic, non numquam


and looked upon the earth 80, 8ometime8

adspiciebant inter Se
they looked among themselves (at one another)
sic furtim, ut viderentur non iam indicari
80 by 8tealth, that they seemed not nono to be denounced
ab aliis, sed ipsi indicare Se.

by others, but themselve8 to denounce themselves.


Indiciis expositis atque editis,
The te8timony being erplained amd being published,

Quirites, cousului senatum, quid placeret


Romans, I eonsulted the senate, οhat fit pleased (them)
CATILINE—III. 77.

fieri de Sl re publica.
to be done concerning the chief (intere8t of the) republic.
Acerrimae ac fortissimae sententiae dictae sunt a
Most severe and bold opinions were eaepressed by
principibus, quas senatus consecutus est sine
the chief (8enator8), which the 8enate followed without
ulla varietate. Et quoniam consultum senatus
ang dis8ent. And 8inee the decree of the 8enate

nondum perseriptum est, exponam ex memoria


not yet has been tran8cribed, I will eæplain from memory
vobis, Quirites, quid senatus censuerit. 14 Primum
to you, Homan8, whoet the 8enate voted. F'irst

gratiae aguntur mihi amplissimis verbis, quod


thanks are göven to me in 8tronge8t term8, becau8e
res publica liberata sit maximis periculis
the republîc has been liberated from the greatest damgers
virtute, consilio, mea providentia : deinde
by my valor, by my counsel, by my fore8ight: them

L. Flaccus et C. Pomptinus, praetores, laudantur


L. Flaccus and 0. Pomptinus, the praetors, are praised
merito ac iure, quod usus essem eorum forti
deservedly and with right, because I used their bold

que fideli opera ; atque etiam laus impertitur


and faithful a88i8tance; and also praise i8 givere
forti viro, meo collegae, quod removisset
to the brave man, my colleague, becau8e he had removed
suis consiliis et rei publicae
from his own counsel and (from that) of the republic
eos qui fuissent participes huius coniurationis.
those , who had beem 8harers ém thi8 con8piracy.
Atque censuerunt ita, ut P. ILentulus,
And they voted thus, that P. Lentulu8,
Clnm abdicasset se praetura,
wchen he had resigned from the praetorship,
traderetur in custodiam ; que item uti
8hould be delivered up into cu8tody; and also thai
78 CICERO.

C. Cethegus, L.
C. Cethegus,
Statilius, P.
L. Statilius,
Gabinius, qui omnes
P. Gabinius, who all

erant praesentes, traderentur in custodiam ; atque


were present, should be delivered up into custody; and

hoc idem decretum est in L. Cassium, qui


this 8ame thing wa8 decreed again8t L. Cassiu8, vcho
depoposcerat sibi procurationem incendendae
had required for himself the management of burning
urbis ; in M. Ceparium, cui indicatum erat
the city; against M. Ceparius, to wchom it appeared

Apuliam attributam esse ad sollicitandos pastores;


Apulia had been a88igned for arou8ing the shepherds;
in P. Furium, qui est ex eis colonis, quos
against P. Furius, who i8 of those colonists, wchom
I. Sulla deduxit Faesulas ; in Q. Manlium
L. Sulla led down (to) Faesulae; against Q. Manlius
Chilonem, qui semper versatus erat llinâ Cllnm
Chilo, who alway8 had been engaged together with
hoc Furio in hac sollicitatione Allobrogum ; in
this Fur$us in this inciting the Allobroges ; against
P. Umbrenum, libertinum hominem, â quo
P. Umbrenus, a freed-man, by wchom

constabat Gallos primum perductos esse ad


it was evident the Gauls first had been led to

Gabinium. Atque senatus usus est - eâ


Gabinius. And the senate used (acted with) that
lenitate, Quirites, ut ex tanta coniuratione,
wnildness, Romans, that out of so great a conspiracy,
qne tanta vi ac multitudine domesticorum
at mal so great force and multitude of domestic
hostiiim, re publica COnservata - poena
e me m ies, the republic being preserved by the punishment
novem perditissimorum hominum, arbitraretur
of' m ime most abdndoned 7men, it might be thought

mentis reliquorum posse sanari. l5 Atque etiam,


t/ue minds of the rest could be cured. And also,
CATILINE—III. 79

Quirites, supplicatio decreta est meo nomine


Fomams, a thanksgiving wa8 decreed in my ^(???6

immortalibus dis, pro singulari merito eorum,


to the •mmortal gods, for the sìngular merit of these
- uod contigit primum mihi
(things), chich (thing) ha8 happened first to me

togato post hanc urbem conditam.


wearéng the toga (a civilian) 8ince thi8 city wa8 built.

Et decreta est his verbis : * quod liberassem


And it was decreed in these words: “becau8e Ihad 8aved
urbem incendiis, civis caede,
the city from conflagration, the eitizens from 8laughter,
Italiam bello.” Si quae supplicatio conferatur
Italy from war.'' If this thanksgiving should be compared
cum ceteris, Quirites, hoc intersit, quod
with others, Roman8, this would be the difference, that
ceterae, re publica gesta
others (have been appointed), the republic being mamaged
bene, haec llnâ constituta est,
well, this ome alone has been appoïnted, (the 8tate)
conservata. Atque illud, quod fuit faciendum
having been pre8erved. And this, vbhich wa8 to be dome
primum, factum est atque transactum. Nam P.
first, ^0a8 dome and despatched. For- P.

Lentulus—quamquam indiciis patefactis, et


Lentulu8— although, proofs ^pere made opemly, and
suis confessionibus, iudicio senatus,
by his onrn confe88ion 8, by the judgment of the 8emate,
amiserat non modo ius praeforis, verum etiam
he had lo8t mot only the right of praetor, but al8o
civis— tamen abdicavit se magistratu, ut
of citizen-yet resigned from the magistracy, that
religio quae fuerat non C. Mario, clarissimo
the 8cruple which had been mot to 0. Marìus, a most famous
viro, quo minus occideret
man, by which the le88 he should küll (which had not prevented
80 - CICERO.

C. Glauciam, praetorem, de
hiln from killing) 0. Glaucia, a praetor, concerning
quo nihil decretum erat nominatim, nos
whom nothing had been decreed by name, de

liberaremur ea religione in puniendo P. Lentulo


ahould befreed from that scruple in punishing P. Lentulus
privato.
a8 a private citizen.
16 Nunc quoniam, Quirites, tenetis nefarios
Nowo 8imce, Homoen8, you hold the nefarious
duces sceleratissimi que periculosissimi belli
leader& of this most wicked and mo8t dangerou8 dar*

iam captos et comprehensos, debetis existimare


already takem and detected, you ought to think

omnis copias Catilinae, omnis spes atque


all the forces qf Catiline, all (his) hopes and

opes, concidisse, his periculis urbis


re8ources, have fallem, (8ince) the8e dangers of the city
depulsis. Quidem ego, cum ego pellebam
have been driven off. Indeed I, when I drove

quem ex urbe, providebam hoc animo,


h£m. out of the city, . fore8aw this in my mind,
Quirites— Catilinâ remoto, nec somnum
I?oman8—(that when) Catiline was removed, neither the sleep
P. Lentuli, nec adipem I. Cassi, i nor
of P. Lentulus, mor* the fat of L. Ca88iu8, mor*

furiosam temeritatem Cethegi esse pertimescendam


the furious rashmess of Cethegus was to be feared
mihi. le unus ex omnibus hfs erat
by me, He alone (Catiline) of all these was
timendus, sed tam diu dum continebatur
to be feared, but (only) 80 long a8 he was contained
moenibus urbis. Norat omnia, tenebat
by the walls of the city. He knew all things, he held

aditus omnium ; poterat audebat


(understood) the acce88e8 of all; he was able (and) dared
CATII.INE~III. 81

appellare, temptare, sollicitare : erat ei consilium aptum


to call, to try, to 8olicit: he had counsel fit

ad facinus, autem neque lingua neque manus


for boldne88, and meither hi8 tongue mor hand

deerat consilio. Iam habebat certos


wa8 wanting to that counsel. Already he had certa$m

homines delectos ac descriptos ad conficiendas


^??e??, cho8en and appointed for the completion
Certas res. Vero cum mandaverat aliquid,
qf certain things. But when he had commanded 8ome
neque putabat confectum. Erat
thing, he did mot think (it) completed. There wa8
nihil quod ipse non obiret, occurreret,
nothing which himself would mot attend to, aid,
vigilaret, laboraret. Poterat ferre frigus, sitim,
wcatch, labor (for). He was able to bear cold, thörst,
famem. l7 Nisi ego compulissem hune hominem,
hunger. Umless I had drivem, this (0).

tam acrem, tam paratum, tam audacem, tam


80 active, 8o prepared, 8o bold, 80

callidum, tam vigilantem in scelere, tam diligentem


cunning, 80 vigilant άn crime, 80 diligent
in perditis rebus, ex domesticis insidiis in
èm abandoned things, from domestie 8mares £nto

latrocinium castrense—dicam id quod sentio,


robbery of war— I will sag that which 1 think,
Quirites— depulissem non facile hanc tantam
Homan8—I 8hould have driven off not ea8ily thi8 great
molem mali 8. vestris cervicibus. Ille
weight qf evil from gyour meck8. He

constituisset non Saturnalia nobis, neque


would mot have appointed the Saturnalia for u8, mor

denuntiasse tanto ante diem ~exiliaex


wowld have announced 8o long before the day of destruction
et fati rei publicae, neque commisisset ut
and fate to the republic, nor would he have allowed that
6 -
82 CICERO.

signum
hi8 8eoel, that
ut suae
h£8 own
litterae
letters
deprehenderentur,
should be discovered,
testes manifesti sceleris. Quae nunc
the proofs of his open créme. The8e things quod

gesta sunt, illo absente, sic ut nullum


have been managed, he being absent, 80 that mo

furtum in privata domo umquam inventum sit tam


theft in a private house exer* wa8 found out 8o

palam, quam haec tanta coniuratio in re publiea


openly, as this great conspiracy in the republic
inventa est atque deprehensa manifesto. Quod si
has been found out and discovered manife8tly. But if
Catilina remansisset in urbe ad hanc diem,
Catìline had remained in the city to thi8 day,

quamquam quoad fuit occurri atque obstiti


although a8 long a8 he was (here) I met and I opposed
omnibus eius consiliis, tamen, ut dicam
«ll his de8igns, |/et, that Imay 8peoek
. . ~ -

levissime fuisset
most lightly (to say the least), £t ntould have

dimicandum nobis cum illo, neque nOS


to have beem fought by us with him, nor 8hould we

umquam, cum ille hostis fuisset in urbe,


e$er, while that enemy had been in the city,
liberassemus rem publicam tantis periculis,
have freed the republic from such great dangers,
tanta pace, tanto otio, tanto
uith 80 great peace, with 8o great ea8e, with 8o great
silentio.
silence.

18 Quamquam omnia haec, Quirites,


Although all. these things, I?omans,
administrata sunt a me ita ut videantur et
have been managed by me 8o - that they 8eem both
gesta esse et provisa nutu atque
to have been managed and provided for by the will änd
CATILINE—III. 83

consilio immortalium deorum ; que cum possumus


counsel of the immortal gods; amd whem, @6 c(l,

consequi id coniectura, quod gubernatio


arrive at that by conjecture, becau8e the mamagement
tantarum rerum videtur vix potuisse
qf such great affair8 8eems 8carcely to have been able
€SS€ humani consili ; vero tum ita
to be (the work) qf human counsel; truly then so

w-x.
, praesentes
re8emt
tulerunt
they brought
opem
a88i8tance
et auxilium
and aùd
nobis
to us

his temporibus, ut possemus paene videre


in the8e time8, thoet , we could almo8t 860

eOS oculis. Nam, ut omittam illa—


them with our eye8. For, that I may omit the8e things
faces visas ab occidente nocturno tempore,
the torches 8een from the west at night- tíme,
que ardorem caeli, ut,
amd the glouo of the heaven, thoet (I may omit)
iactus fulminum, ut motus terrae,
the hurlimg of lightnings, that the motions qf the earth,
ut, cetera, tam multa:
(earthquakes), that (I may omit) other things, 8o mamy

quae facta sunt, nobis consulibus, ut


(of) which happened, me (while I wa8) con8ul, 8o that
immortales di viderentur canere haec
the immortal gods seemed to foretell these things
quae nunc fiunt— certe, Quirites, hoc quod
which mow happen— certainly, Homans, this vchich
sum dicturus est neque praetermittendum neque
I am about to 8ay is meither to be pa88ed over ^?,o

relinquendum.
to be left. -

l9 Nam profecto tenetis memoria, Cotta


For* £ndeed you hold in memory, when Cotta
et Torquato consulibus, complurís reS

and Torquatu8 (were) con8uls, that many tìiuqs


84 CICERO.

in Capitolio percussas esse de caelo, cum et


$n the Capitol ' were struck from heaven, wbhen both
simulacra immortalium deorum depulsa sunt,
the image8 of the îmmortal gods vbere hurled down,
et; statuae hominum veterum deiectae,
and the 8tatue8 qf men qfformer times overthrown,
et, aeta legum liquefacta.
and the bra88 (brazen tablets) qf the laws 7melted.
Etiam ille Romulus, qui condidit hanc urbem,
Al8o that Homulu8, who founded this city,
tactus est, quem meministis fuisse
was touched (scathed), which you remember to have been
in Capitolio inauratum, parvum atque
in the Capitol overlaid with gold, little and

lactentem, inhiantem uberibus lupinis. Quo


8ucking, clingüng to the teat8 of a wolf. At this
tempore quidem, cum haruspices convenissent
tìme. - jndeed, when dévéners had come together
€X tota Etruria, dixerunt caedis atque
out qf the whole of Tu8camy, they 8aid 8laughters and
incendia, et interitum legum, et
conflagration8, and the destruction of the laws, and
civile ac domesticum loellum, et occasum totius
cïvïl and dome8tíc wcar, and the fall of the whole
urbis atque imperi appropinquare, nisi
city amd empire wa8 approaching, wmles8

immortales di, placati omni ratione,


the immortal gods, being appea8ed
in every manner,
flexissent prope fata ipsa suo numine.
might divert almost the fate8 themselves by their ínfluence.
20 Itaque illorum responsis tunc et ludi
Therefore at the$r αλι&υ€r8 then both games
facti sunt per decem dies, neque ulla res
were held through tem days, neither was ang thíng
praetermissa est quae pertineret ad placandos
omitted which , might tend tO appeasing
CATILINE—III. 85

deos; que idem iusserunt


the gods; amd the 8ame (diviners) ordered (u8)

facere maius simulacrum Iovis, et collocare


to make a greater $moege of Jupiter, and to place
in excelso, et contra atque
(it) ín a lofty (8ituation), and oppo8ite in direction to what
fuerat ante, convertere ad orientem ; ac
it had been before, to turn (it) to the ea8t; amd

dixerunt se sperare, si illud signum, quod


they 8aid they hoped, £f that 8tatue, which,

videtis, conspiceret Ortum solis, et


you 8ee, should look towards the ri8ing of the 8um, and
forum, que curiam, fore ut
the forum, and the council-house, that it would be that
€a. consilia, quae inita essent clam
tho8e de8ign&, which had been entered into 8ecretly
contra salutem urbis atque imperi,
again8t the 8afety of the city amd of the empire,
inlustrarentur, - ut possent
1¤¢wid.be brought (80 clearly) to light, that they could
[(vr^. ”.
ïspici a senatu que Romano populo.
be seén through by the senate dnd the Roman ^ people.
Atque illi consules locaverunt
And tho8e con8uls placed (made arrangements
illud collocandum ita ; sed tanta fuit
for) that 8tatue to be placed thus; but 8o great was
tarditas operis, ut collocaretur neque a
the 8lovones8 of the work, that it wa8 placed meither by
superioribus consulibus, neque a nobis ante
the former con8ul&, mor* by ?8 befors
hodiernum diem.
thi8 day.
21 Hic quis, Quirites, potest esse tam aversus a
Here vcho, Romams, coem be so αυer8e to

vero, tam praeceps, tam captus mente,


the truth, 8o headstrong, 80 taken, in mind
86 CICERO.

- qui neget omnia


(deprived of understanding), as to deny (that) all

haec quae videmus, que praecipue hane


these things which ^te see, and e8pecially thi8

urbem, administrari nutu atque potestate


city, are managed by the nod and by the poucer

immortalium deorum? Etenim eum responsum esset


of the immortal gods ? For when it had been answered

ita, caedis, incendia, que interitum


thus, (that) slaughter, conflagrations, and the destruction
rei publicae comparari, et €a.

of the republic was being prepared, and these things by


perditis civibus— quae tum videbantur
abandomed citizens— which things then. seemed

nonnullis incredibilia propter magnitudinem


to 8omne £ncredible because qf ' the greatness
scelerum— sensistis €•; non modo
qf the crimes-you have perceived these things not gnly
cogitata esse, verum etiam suscepta a nefariis
to have beem devísed, but even undertaken by nefarious

civibus. Vero nonne est illud ita praesens ut


citizens. But £s mot this so direct that

videatur factum esse nutu Iovis,


ít may seem to have been dome by the nod of Jupiter,
Maximi Optimi, ut, cum hodierno die
the greatest amd best, that, nchen, om this day
mane et coniurati et eorum indices
in the morning both the conspirators and their accusers
ducerentur meo iussi per forum in
ntere led by my order through the forum into

aedem Concordiae, eo ipso tempore signum


the temple of Concord, at that wery time the 8tatue
statueretur ? Quo collocato atque converso
voas being erected ? When this was placed and turned.

ad vos que senatum, et senatus et vos


to you and the senate, both the senate and you
CATILINE—III. 87

yidistis omnia quae cogitata erant contra


800 all things which had been devi8ed again8t
salutem ... omnium inlustrata et patefacta.
the 8afety of all. brought to light amd eaepo8ed.
22 Quo isti sunt
By which (for which reason) those (person8) are
digni etiam maiore odio que supplicio, qui
wcorthy even of greater hatred and punishmemt, ^oho
conati sunt inferre funestos ac nefarios
have endeavored to bring fatal and de$tructíve

ignis non solum vestris domiciliis atque tectis,


fire8 mot only on your abode8 amd your roofs,
sed etiam templis atque delubris deorum.
but al80 the temple8 and the 8hrènes of the gods.
Si ego dicam me restitisse quibus, sumam nimium
If I 8ay I re8i8ted the8e, I 8hall take too much
mihi, et sim non ferendus. Ille, ille
to my8elf, and mag not be borne. That, that
Iuppiter restitit : ille voluit Capitolium, ille haec
Jupiter ^re8i8ted: he wished the Capitol, he the
templa, ille hanc urbem, ille VOS OmníSí
temples, he thi8 city, he (wished) you all

esse salvos. Ego suscepi hanc mentem


to be 8afe. I. adopted this purpose
que voluntatem, Quirites, immortalibus
ut nd wish, Homans, with the ímmortal

diis ducibus, atque perveni ad haec


god8 a8 ledders, and I have arroeved at these
tanta indicia. Vero iam illa sollicitatio
great discoveries. Truly ^0? that 8olicitation
Allobrogum, tantae res, numquam creditae
of the Allobroges, 8o great things, mever would have been trusted
sic a Lentulo que ceteris domesticis hostibus, tam
thus by Lentulus and by the other domestic ememies, 80

dementer et ignotis et barbaris, que


madiy both to unknown (per8oms) and to foreigners, and
88 CICERO.

litterae profecto numquam commissae essent,


the letters | indeed merer* would have been entrusted,
nisi consilium ereptum esset huic
umless discretîom. had been 8natched away from this

tantae audaciae a immortalibus dis. Vero quid ?


great audacity by the immortal gods. Hut what ?
ut homines Galli, eX
(why shall I mention) ? that nem, of Gaul, out of

civitate male pacata, quae restat una gens


a state 8carcely at peace, which remains the only nation
quas videatur et posse et non nolle
which 8eems both to be able and not to be unwilling
facere bellum Romano populo, neglegerent
to make war om the Homan people, should neglect

spem imperi et maximarum rerum ultro


the hope of empire and of the greate8t things willingly
oblatam sibi â patriciis hominibus, que
offered to them&elves by patrician mem, and

anteponerent vestram salutem suis opibus,


«hould prefer your 8afety to thewr omcn power,
putatis id non factum esse divinitus ?
do you think that mot to have been done by dirime aid ?
praesertim 5° qui potuerint superare nos non
e8pecially í wdere able to overcomme us mot

pugnando, sed tacendo.


by fighting, but by keeping silence.
23 Quam ob rem, Quirites, quoniam supplicatio
Wherefore, H?omams, since a thanksgiving
decreta est ad omnia pulvinaria, celebratote illos
has been decreed at all the temple8, celebrate those

dies cum vestris coniugibus ac liberis. Nam saepe


day8 cith your wcive8 and children. For qften
multi iusti honores habiti sunt ac debiti . . .
many just homors have been held and Aewe- J * '

immortalibus dis, sed profecto numquam iustiores.


to the immortal gods, but indeed raeter* more just
CATII,INE—III. 89

Enim erepti estis eX


(tham these). For* you have been rescued out of
crudelissimo ac miserrimo interitu ; erepti
the mo8t cruel and mo8t wretched de8truction; re8cued
sine caede, sine sanguine, sine exercitu,
without 8laughter, without bloodshed, without an army,
sine dimicatione. Togati vicistis,
without fighting. You wearing the toga have conquered,
ne Timö togato duce et imperatore.
with me alone wearìng the toga a8 leader „and commander.
24 Etenim recordamini, Quirites, omnis civilis
F'or- you recollect, Homoem 8, all the civil

dissensiones, non solum eas, quas audistis,


disagreements, (and) not only tho8e, which you have heard,
sed et has, quas vosmet ipsi meministis et
but also the8e, . which you yourselves remember and

vidistis. I. Sulla oppressit P. Sulpicium ; eiecit


have 8eem. L. Sulla destroyed P. Sulpiciu8; he ca$t

€X urbe C. Marium, custodem huius urbe, qui •

out of the city C. Mar$us, the bulwark of this city, and


partim eiecit
partly coe8t
ex civitate, partem
out of the 8tate,
partly
interemit
8leno
multos
^mam y

fortis viros. Cn. Octavius, consul, expulit suum


bold ^??e??,. 0n. 0ctaviu8, when consul, eaepelled his

collegam ex urbe armis : omnis hic locus


colleague from
-*
the city by arms: all . this
-
place
redundavit acervis corporum et sanguine
has been crowded with heaps of bodie8 and with the blood
civium. Postea Cinna cum Mario superavit :
of citizens. Afterwards Cinna with Marius everca me: v* •
vero tum, clarissimis viris interfectis,
truly then, whem the mo8t famou8 ^re, were 8lain,
lumina civitatis exstincta sunt. Postea Sulla
the léght of the 8tate was eætínguished. Afterwards Sulla
ultus est crudelitatem huius victoriae : ne est quidem
avenged the cruelty of this , victory: mor i8 it indeed
90 CICERO.

opus dici, quanta diminutione civium,


necessary to be said, with how great diminution of citizens,
et quanta calamitate rei publicae. M. Lepidus
and with how great calamity to the republic. M. Lepidus
dissensit a clarissimo et fortissimo viro,
di88ented from the most famous and most brace man,
Q. Catulo : interitus ipsius attulit non luctum
Q. Catulus: the destruction qf himself brought mot grief
rei publicae tam quam
to the republic „8o (8o much) a8 (did the destruction)
ceterorum. 25 Atque tamen omnes illae dissensiones
of the rest. And however all those di8agreements
erant eiusmodi, Quirites, quae pertinerent non
^ter'e of this 8ort, I?oman8, which tended m ot

ad delendam rem publicam, sed ad commutandam.


to the destruction of the republic, but to íts change.
Illi non voluerunt nullam rem publicam esse,
They did mot wish no_ republie — to eaeist,
sed Se esse principes in ea quae
but (they wished) themselves to be chiefs in that chich
esset : neque hanc urbem conflagrare, sed
there was: mor (did they wish) this city . to burn, but
* -

S€ flofere in hac urbe. Atque tamen omnes


themselce8 to flourish in this city. And yet all

illae dissensiones, nulla quarum quaesivit exitium


those disagreements, mo one gf which sought the dcstruetion
rei publicae, fuerunt eiusmodi, ut diiudicatae sint
of the republic, were of that sort that they were settled
non reconciliatione concordiae, sed internecione
not by a reconciliation of peace, but by the slaughter
civium. Autem in hoc nmaximo que crudelissimo
of' citizens. But ín this greatest a md ^most crue!

bello uno post memoriam hominum, bellum quale


ador* alome 8ince the memory of men, a ^tar 8uch as

nulla barbaria umquam gessit cum sna gente,


mo barbarou8 country ever carried on with its matrom,
CATILINE—III. 91

in quo bello haec lex fuit constituta a Lentulo,


ín which war this law was appoëmted by Lentulus,
Catilina, Cassio, Cethego, 'ut ''oiiines, qui
Catiline, Cassius, (and) Cethegus, that all, who

SSent €SS6 salvi, urbe salva,


^might be able to be 8afe, when the city wa8 8afe,
ducerentur in numero hostium, gessi
8hould be deemed in the number of the enemy, I conducted
me ita, Quirites, ut conservaremini omnes salvi ;
^my8e|f 8o, I?oman8, that you were pre8erved all 8afe;
et C vestri hostes putassent tantum
and although your enemies had thought so many
• - - ' ' • • • -*

ClVll superfuturum, quantum '•. restitisset


of the citizen8 wauld 8urvive, 08 ¢tht remaín
vr - • * . a* *-* -

infinitae caedi, autem tantum urbis


from the infinite 8laughter, and 8o much of the city
quantum flamma potuisset non obire, servavi et
(8 the flame could not go over, Ihave kept both
urbem et civis integros que incolumis.
the city and the citizen8 entíre and 8afe.

26 Pro quibus tantis rebus, Quiriter, ego postulo


For these great deeds, Romans, I require
nullum praemium virtutis a vobis, nullum insigne
uo reward of virtue from yow, '0 ^mark;

honoris, nullam monumentum laudis, praeterquam


of honor, ?0 ^monument of praise, eaecept
• - - - - • -—

sempiternam memoriam huius diei. Ego volo omnis


the etermal memory of thi8 day. I wcish all

méôs triumphos, omnia ornamenta honoris, monumenta


^my triumphs, all ornament8 of honor, monuments
gloriae, insignia laudis condi et collocari
of glory, marks ofpraise to be trea8ured and placed :
in vestris animis. Nihil mutum potest delectare
in your minds. Nothing dumb c07) delight
me,
^mé,
nihil
nothèng
tacitum,
8ilent,
di£,
finally,
nihil
nothing
huiusmodi,
qf this sort,
92 CICERO.

quod etiam minus digni


which even le88 worthy (persons) can.
possint assequi.”
attain.

Nostrae res, Quirites, alentur vestra


My deeds, H?omans, shall be cherished in your
memoria, crescent sermonibus, inveterascent
^memory, shall increase in your discourses, shall grouc old
et corroborabuntur monumentis litterarum ; que
and shall be strengthened in the - monuments
- • • *•
ofietters;
_«_ • .
and
-

intellego - eandem diem,


I understand (feel convinced) (that) this same period of time,
quam spero fore :eternam, propagatam esse et
wchich I hope will be eternal, has been eactended both
ad salutem urbis, et ad : memoriam mei
to the 8afety of the city, and to the memory of my
consulatus ; que uno tempore duos civis exstitisse
consulship; and at one time
tuo citizens have stood forth
in hac re publica, alter quorum terminaret finis
£n tJis republie, t/e one of whom 8hould bound the limits
vestri imperi non regionibus terrae, sed
of your empöre mot by the regions of the earth, but
caeli, alter servaret domicilium que sedem
of heaven, the other 8hould preserve the abode and 8eott.

eiusdem imperi.
of the 8ame empire.
27 Sed, quoniam fortuna atque condicio earum
But, since the fortune and condition of those
rerum quas ego gessi, est non eadem
things which I have carried on is not the same
quae illorum qui gesserunt externa bella
as those of the men who hape carried on foreign wars—
quod sit vivendum mihi eum- his
because ít í8 to be lèved by me (I must live) with tho8e
quos vici aO' subigi, isti
wnhom. I have conquered amd have subdued, those

reliquerunt hostis aut, interfectos ant


hace loeft their ememie8 either 8lain or*
CATILINE—III. 93

oppressos— est vestrum, Quirites, providere,


oppre88ed— ít í8 your (duty), Homan8, to procéde,
si sua facta prosunt ceteris, ne mea quando
£f theür deeds profit to others, lest mine at ang time
obsint mihi. Enim ego providi ne sceleratae
mag injure me. For I have provided lest the wicked
ac nefariae mentes audacissimorum hominum
and nejariou8 intentions of these most darüng men,

possent nocere vobis ; est vestrum


might be able to hurt 3/0u; £t $8 your (duty)

providere ne noceant mihi. Quamquam, Quirites,


to provide le8t they may hurt me. Although, H?omam 8,
nihil potest noceri mihi ipsi quidem iam
mothèng can. hurt ^e £mdeed ^0?

ab istis. - Enim
from tho8e (These persons can do me no injury). För*

est magnum praesidium in bonis, quod


there is a great protectíon ín good (mem), which.
est comparatum mihi in perpetuum ; magna dignitas
£8 provided to me for ever; great dignity
in re publica, quae tacita semper defendet
£n the republie, which though 8ilent, alway8 will defend
me ; nmagna est vis conscientiae, qui
me; great $8 the force of conscience, (and tho8e) vcho
neglegunt quam, cum volent violare me,
shall neglect it, when
they wish to do violence to me,
ipsi indicabunt se. 28 Etiam is animus
them&elve8 will eaepose them&elve8. Also that - mind *-*-*-*-*-
,{
*

est in nobis, Quirites, ut non modo cedaniùs


$8 270 me, I?oman8, that mot only Igield
audaciae nullius, sed etiam lacessamus
to the audacity of no (person), but also I a88ail

semper ultro omnis improbos. Quod si omnis


alucay8 wöllöngly all the di8honest. But £f every
impetus domesticorum hostium depulsus a vobis
attouc/: of domestic enemies dröven off from yow
94 CICERO.

convertit se in me unum, erit


turmæ itself upon me one (alone), it must

providendum vobis, Quirites, qua condicione


be provided by you, Homans, in what condition
posthac velitis eos esse qui obtulerint Se

hereafter you wish tho8e to be who have offered themselves


invidiae que omnibus periculis pro vestra
to unpopularity and to all dangere for gour

salute. Quid quidem est quod possit iam


safety. ' What indeed is there which can. or

acquiri mihi ipsi ad fructum


be acquired , a , for myself for the fruit (enjoyment)
vitae, praesertim cum videam neque quicquam
oflìfe, especially when I 8ee neither angthing

altius in vestro honore, neque in gloria virtutis,


higher în your honor, nor in the glory of virtue,
quo quidem libeat mihi ascendere?
vohither £ndeed it mag be plea8ing to me to ascend?
29 Perficiam illud profecto, Quirites, ut
I will complete this îndeed, Homams, that

privatus tuear atque ornem ea


a private (citizen) I may defend and adorn those

llae gessi in consulatu : ut,


(things) vohich 1 carried on în (my) consulship: that,
si qua invidia suscepta est in conservanda
éf any unpopularity has been received in
preserving
re publica, laedat invidos, valeat mihi
the republic, it mag hurt the envious, (and) mag aid me
ad gloriam. Denique, _ tractabo me ita in
t0 glory. Finally, I will conduct myself so in

re publica, ut meminerim semper quae


the republic, that I may remember always what things
gesserim, que Clem ut eâ
I may have done, and take care that the8e things
videantur gesta esse virtute, non CaSu.
^mowy 8eem to have been done by virtue, not by accident.
CATILINE—III. 95

Vos, Quirites, quoniam est iam nox, venerati


You, Roman8, 8ince it i8 nouo might, worshipping
illum Iovem, custodem huius urbis ac vestrum,
that Jupiter, the keeper of this city and of you,

discedite in vestra tecta ; et, quamquam periculum


depart to your hou8e8; and, although danger
est iam depulsum, tamen defendite ea, aeque ac
i8 mow driven away, yet defend them, ju8t a8
priore nocte, custodiis que vigiliis.
on $he former might, with guard8 and with watche8.
Providebo, Quirites, ne id sit faciendum
I will provide, Romans, lest that may have to öe done
diutius vobis, atque ut possitis esse in
longer by you, amd that you Tmay be ín

perpetua pace.
perpetual peace.
96 CICERO.

CATILINE — IV.

l Conscripti patres, video Oa atque


Con8cript fathers, I 8ee the countenances and

oculos vestrum omnium esse conversos in me.


the eyes of you all to be turmed to ^ne.

Video vos esse sollicitos non solum de vestro


I see you are solicitous not only concerning your
periculo ac rei publicae, verum etiam, si
danger amd (that) of the republic, but al$o, $f

id depulsum sit, de meo periculo. Vestra


that has been removed, concernïng my danger. Your

voluntas erga me est iucunda mihi in malis,


good will toward me is pleasant to me in evils
et grata in dolore : sed, quaeso per
(dangers), and grateful in grief: but, I pray by
immortalis deos, deponite eam ; atque obliti
the ímmortal gods, lay it a8ide; and with mo thought
meae salutis, cogitate de vobis a0

for my safety, thénk comcerming yourselves amd,


de vestris liberis. Si haec condicio
comcerning your children. If this condition.

consulatus data est mihi, ut perferrem


of the consulship has been given to me, that I should bear
omnis acerbitates, omnis dolores que cruciatus,
all bitterne88, all griefs and torments,

feram non solum fortiter, sed even


I will bear (them) not only boldly, bwt edem

libenter, dum modo dignitas que salus


villwmgly, provided that authority amd safety
CATILINE—IV. 97

pariatur meis laboribus vobis que Romano


7nag be procured by my labor for yow and the IRoman
populo. 2 Ego sum ille consul, conscripti patres,
people. I. am that con8ul, con8cript fathers,
cui non forum, in quo omnis aequitas
to whom not the forum, $n which all equity
continetur, non campus, cOnsecratus
£s contained, not the pla$n (Campus Martius), consecrated
consularibus auspiciis, non curia, S.

by consular au8pices, mot the coumcil-hou8e, the highe8t


auxilium omnium gentium, non domus,
8ource of help of all matíom 8, not (my) hou8e,
commune perfugium, non lectus, datus ad
the common, tefuge, mot (my) bed, given for
quietem ; denique, non haec sedes honoris fuit;
re8t; finally, mot thi8 8eat of honor has beem
umquam vacua periculo mortis atque insidiis.
exer* free from damger of death and from 8nares.
Ego tacui multa, pertuli
I. have kept 8ilent about ^many thing&, I have borme
multa, concessi multa, sanavi
$moeny things, I have yielded many thing&, 1 have cured
multa quodam meo dolore,
~many things with 8ome of my owm grief (with some pain
in vestro timore. Nunc, si
to myself), în your fear (for your quiet). Now, if
immortales di voluerunt hunc esse exitum
the £mmortal gods have wished this to be the i88ue
mei consulatus, ut eriperem vos, conseripti
of my consulship, that I might re8cue you, conscript
patres, que Romanum populum ex _ miserrima
fatherae, and the Roman people out of wretched
caede, coniuges, que vestros liberos, que
slaughter, (your) vive8, and your children, and

Vestalis virgines ex acerbissima vexatione,


the Vestal virgin8 out of the most terrible ou£rage,
7
98 CICERO..

templa atque delubra, hanc pulcherrimam


the temples et m d shrines, this most beautêful

patriam nostrum omnium ex foedissima flamma,


country of us all from the foulest flame,
totam Italiam ex bello et vastitate,
the whole of Italy from car* amd devastation,
quaecumque fortuna proponetur mihi uni
let vchatever fortune shall be presented to me alone

subeatur. Etenim si P. Lentulus, inductus a


be undergone. For if P. Lentulus, índuced by
vatibus, putavit suum nonmen fore fatale
prophets, thought hi8 name would be ordained by fate
ad perniciem rei publicae, cur ego non laeter
for the destruction of the republic, why mag I not rejoice.
meum consulatum exstitisse prope fatalem
that my consulship appeared almost ordained by fate.
ad salutem rei publicae?
for the 8afety of the republic ?
3 Qua re, conscripti patres, consulite vobis,
Wherefore, con8cript fathers, consult for yourselves,
prospicite patriae, conservate vos, coniuges,
look to your country, preserve yourselves, wives,
Hiberos, que vestras fortunas, defendite nomen que
childrem, and your fortunes, defend the name and
salutem Romani populi : desinite parcere mihi,
8afety of the Roman people: cea8e to spare ^me,

ac cogitare de me. Nam primum debeo


and to think concerning me. For " first Iought
sperare omnis deos, qui praesident huic urbi,
to hope that all the gods, veho preside over_ this city,
esse
vc£ll.
relaturos
grant
gratiam mihi pro eo ac mereor ;
favor to me according to what Ideserv9;
deinde si quid 55$it,
them, (in the next place) if anything ahall hoeppen
moriar aequo que parato animo.
(to me), I 8hall die with a calm ánd prepared moend.
CATIIINE—IV. 99

Enim neque turpis mors potest accidere forti


For neither a base death can happen to a brare
viro, neque immatura consulari,
~man, mor am immature (death) to a man of consular rank,
nec misera sapienti. Nec tamen sum
nor a wretched (deoth) to a wise (man). Nor yet c.

ego ille ferreus, qui InOn mOVeai'


I that $ron-hear (per8on), who am mot moved

maerore. carissimi atque amantissimi fratris


byíhe sorrow of my deare8t and mo8t loving brother
. , I)raesentis» Q ue lacrimis omnium horum,
(who i8) pre8ent, and by the tears of all these.

a quibus videtis me circumsessum. Neque


by whom you see ^??e 8urroumded. Ne£ther does
exanimata uxor revocat non saepe meam mentem
myfaéntîng wife call back infrequently my ^mind

domum, filia abiecta metu, et


home, (and) my daughter ca8t down with fear, and
parvulus filius, quenm res publica videtur mihi
my little 8on, whom, the republic 8eem8 to me

ti tamquam obsidem mei consulatus,


to embrace \ as if^ a ho8tage (pledge) of my consulship,
neque ille gener qui, exspectans exitum huius
mor* that 8on-in-law who, awaiting the i88ue of this

diei, adstat in meo conspectu. Moveor omnibus


day, stand$ near in my 8ight. I am moved by all
his rebus, sed in eam partem, ut sint
the8e things, but to that emd, that they may be
omnes salvi vobiscum, etiam si aliqua vis
all 8afe with you, even £f 80^e violence

oppresserit me, potius quam et illi et nos


8hall overwhelm me, rather than both they and we
pereamus una cum re publica. 4 Qua re,
~mag perish together with the republic. Wherefore,
conscripti patres, incumbite ad salutem
con8cript fathers, ftem, to the safety
100 CICERO.

rei publicae : circumspicite omnis procellas quae


qf the republic: look around upon all the 8torms which
impendent, nisi providetis. Non
overhang (threaten), unle88. you provide. Not

T. Gracchus, qui voluit fieri iterum


Tiberius Gracchu8, who ui8hed to be made a 8econd time
tribunus plebis, non C. Gracchus, qui
tribune of the people, mot C. Gracchus, who

conatus est concitare agrarios, O.


endeavored to eaccite the agrarian partisans, mot

L. Saturninus, qui occidit C. Memmium, adducitur


L. Saturninu8, who 8leno C. Memmius, i8 brought
in aliquod discrimen, atque in iudicium vestrae
into any controversy, - and into the judgment of your
severitatis. Ei tenentur, qui restiterunt Romae
8everity. Tho8e are held, who rema ined at Rome
ad incendium urbis, ad vestram caedem
for the burning of the city, for your slaughter
omnium, ad accipiendum
qf all (for the slaughter of you all), for receiîng
Catilinam ; litterae, signa, manus, denique
Catiline; the letters, 8eal8, the handwriting, and findilly
confessio unius cuiusque, tenentur; Allobr
the confe88ion, Qf each one, are held; the Allobroges
sollicitantur ; servitia excitantur ;
are $mcìted (to revolt); the 8laves are eaecited;

Catilina arcessitur ; id consilium initum est,


Catiline i8 8ent for; that plan has been entered into,
ut, omnibus interfectis, nemo relinquatur
that, whem all are slain, no One may be left

ne quidem for
ewen^
ad deplorandum
deploring
nomen
the mame
rei publicae
of the republîc
atque atque lamentandam calamitatem tainti
amoe for . lamenting the fall , of 80 great

imperi.
an empöre.
CATILINE—IV, 101

5 Indices detulerunt omnia , haec,


Tíe ínformers have ::::::! ab! the8e things,
rei confessi sunt, vos iam iudicastis
the accu8ed have confe88ed (them), you already have judged
multis iudiciis : primum, quod egistis
(them) by many judgments: - first, because you gave
gratias mihi singularibus verbis : .•

thanks to me in singular words (in extraordinary terms):


et decrevistis coniurationem perditorum hominum
and you decided a com8piracy of lost (abandoned) men
patefactam esse mea virtute atque diligentia ; deinde
h.ad been eæposed by my bravery and diligence; them,

quod coëgistis P. Lentulum, ut abdicaret se


becau8e youjforcéd. P. Lentulu8, to re8ign

praetura, tum quod censuistis eum,


from the praetor&hip, then becau8e you woted (that) he,
et ceteros, de quibus iudicastis,
and the others, comcerming phom you pa88ed judgment,
dandos / in custodiam ; que maxime quod
8hould be givem — into cu8tody; and especially becau8e
decrevistis supplicationem meo nomine, qui honos
you decreed a thoenk8gövéng in my name, wíích honor
habitus est nemini togato ante me ;
AeeenIeld- by no one vcearing the toga , before me;
postremo, hesterno die dedistis amplissima praemia
la8tly, on ye8terday you gave mo8t ample re^doerds

legatis Allobrogum, que Tito


to the amba88adoré of the Allobroges, amd to Titu$

Vulturcio. Omnia quae sunt eiusmodi, ut


Vulturc£mus. All these things are of this soaet, that
ei, qui dati sunt nominatim in custodiam,
those, vfho have been given by name £nto custody,
videantur sine ulla dubitatione damnati esse 8.
seem, without any doubt to have been condemmed by
vobis.
£/0w.
102 CICERO.

6 Sed ego institui referre ad vos, conscripti


But have determined to refer to you, conscrìpt
patres,• tamquam
q. integrum
8 • et q. uid
fathera, a8 if entire (a new matter), both what

iudicetis de facto, et quid censeatis


gou judge comcerning the deed, and what you mag vote
: de poena. Praedicam illa
' concerning the puni8hment. I will previously sag those
uae sunt consulis. Ego videbam
(tkings) vchich are (the busine88) of a consul. I 8do

iampridem magnum furorem yersari in re publica,


long &ince great madne88 to be prevalent in the repuplic,
tongem
et quaedam nova mala misceri et concitari ;
amd 8ome new evil8 to be mingled and to be eaecited;

sed numquam putavi hanc tantam, tam exitiosam


but I mever thought this 8o great, 8o *;
coniurationem haberi a civibus. Nunc quicquid
con8piracy wa8 in the hoen citizens. Now, whatever'
est, quocumque vestrae mentes atque sententiae
£t i8, however ) your ^mind& and . opinions

inclinant, est statuendum vobis ante noctem.


£ncline, $t $s to be determined by you before night.
Videtis quantum facinus delatum sit ad
You see fiow great a deed @f daring has been reported to
vos : si putatis paucos esse affinis huic,
gou: $f you think are
feu accessory to this,
erratis vehementer. Hoc malum disseminatum est
you err greatly. Thís evél has beem di88eminated

latius - opinione :
~more videly -than 6pinion (than is supposed):
manavit non solum per Italiam, verum
£t has ínsinuated itself mot only through Italy, but

etiam transcendit : Alpis, et serpens obscure,


even has pa8sed over the Alps, and creeping obscurely,
iam occupavit multas provincias. Id potest
alreoedy has 8eized upon many province8. lt co?,
CATILINE—IV. 103

opprimi nullo pacto sustentando ac £;


be checked in no way by endurìng it and by deferring.
Quacumque ratione placet, est vindicandum vobis
In chatevèr
_—^
way it pleases you,JîtTnust bepunished by you
-■*■-*
celeriter.
quickly.
7 Video esse duas sententias adhuc ; unam
I 8ee there are two opiniom8 hitherto; 06

D. Silani, qui censet eos qui conati sunt


qf D. Silanus, who wotes i.°at those who have endeavored
delere haec esse multandoe morte;
to de8troy the8e thángs mu8t be pumished: with death;
alteram C. Caesaris, qui removet poenam
the Other of C. Cae8ar, who Qbject8 to — the penalty

mortis, amplectitur omnis acerbitates ceterorum


of death, but include$ all the bitterness of other

suppliciorum. Uterque versaturj n) summa severitate,


puni8hment8. Hach, (08 in the highe8t 8everity,
et; pro sua dignitate et pro
both according to hi8 own - dignity and accordîng to
magnitudine rerum. Alter non putat
the greatne88 of the trouble. The one does not think it
oportere eos qui conati sunt privare nos
to be right that those who have endeavored to deprive us
omnis, qui Romanum
all, who (have endeavored to deprève) the Roman

populum vita, qui delere imperium,


people qflèfe, who (have attempted) to destroy the empöre,
ui extinguere nomen Romani populi,
who (have tried) to extinguish the name ofthe Roman people,
fruiU vita et hoc communi spiritu
8hould enjoy life amd th£8 coíom, a$r

punctum temporis; atque regordatur hoc genus


£777$tant of t$me; and Treménds ws (that) this kind
poenae -usurpatum esse saepe in hac re publicae
qf puni8hment was used often $n this republic
104 CICERO.
-

~
in ^ improbos civis. Alter intellegit
`~agaimst „-—~
dishonest citizens. The other understands (that)
mortem non constitutam esse a immortalibus dis
death mcas mot appointed by the immortal gods
C8S. supplici, sed eSSe aut
for the 8ake of punishment, but (that) it is either
necessitatem naturae, aut quietem laborum ac
a nece88ity of nature, or a rest , from labors and
miseri . Itaque sapientes numquam inviti,
^miseries. Therefore vcise (mem) never wnwillingly,
fortes saepe etiam libenter, oppetiverunt eam.
the brave often. even uillingly, hace uudergome it.

Vero vincula, et ea sempiterna, Certe


In truth bonds, and tho8e eternal (for life), certainly
inventa sunt : ad singularem poenam nefarii
have been invented for the singular puni8hment of nefarious
sceleris. Iubet dispertiri
crìme. JIe advi8e8 (them) to be di8tributed
_———
.^ - - - • -

municipiis. Ista res videtur habere


amoug the municipal towns. That idea seems to have

iniquitatem, si velis imperare, difficultatem,


injustice, if you wcish to commomd it, difficulty,
si rogare. Tamen decernatur, si placet.
£f to ask it. Yet let $t be xo decree if it plea8e8 you.
8 Enim ego suscipiam, et, ut spero,
For- I will take it upon myself, and, a8 I hope,
reperiam qui putent eSSe Ol
will fiad (those) who %mag think it to be mot (in
—^

suae dignitatis recusare id quod


accordanee uith) their dignity to refuge that achich
statueritis (S. salutis oninium.
you 8hall appoint for the sake of the safety qf a!l.
Adiungit : gravem poenam
He gives over a heavy punishment
municipibus, si quis
to the inhabitants of the municipal towns, $f angone
CATILINE—Iv. 105

eO l)6 vineula : ,
of them (the conspirators) shall break his bonds (escape):
circumdat horribilis custodias, et sancit
he places around them dreadful guards, and ordaîmis
ne quis possit levare poenam eorum,
that no ome mag be able to lighten the punishment ofthose
quos condemnat, aut per senatum, aut
whom, he condemm&, e$ther through the senate, or

per populum ; etiam eripit spem, quae


through the people; also he takes away hope, which
sola solet consolari hominem in miseriis ;
alone i8 accustomed to com8ole , non, ém, mi8ery;
praeterea, iubet bona publicari ; relinquit
be8ide8 he orders (theür) goods to be confiscated; he leaves
vitam solam nefariis hominibus, si
lífe alone to the nefarious ^mem, and if
eripuisset quam ademisset multos dolores
he had takenthat aucay, he would have taken away many 8orrow8
animi atque corporis, et omnis poenas
of mimd amd of body, and all the puni8hments
scelerum, uno. Itaque, ut aliqua formido
of crimes, by one pang. Therefore, that 8ome dread

esset posita improbis in vita, illi antiqui


máght be held before the dishonest ín lífe, those ancients
voluerunt quaedam supplicia eiusmodi esse constituta
wc£8hed some punishments ofthat sort to be appointed
impiis apud inferos, ^videlicet, quod
to the impiou8 among the dead, that i8 to saw, becau8e

intellegebant, his remotis, mortem ipsam


they understood, when the8e were removed, death it&elf
non esse pertimescendam.
would not hawe to be feared,
9 Nunc, conscripti patres, ego video quid intersit
Novo, conscript fathers, I see how it interests
neâ. Si secuti eritis
~me (how much it may be to my interest). If you shall follow
106 CICERO.

sententiam C. Caesaris, quoniam is secutus est hanc


the opinion of C. Caesar, _ since he has followed this
viam in re publica, quae habetur popularis,
way in the republîc, which is accounted the popular
fortasse populares impetus erunt minus
(way), perhaps popular attacks will be e88

pertimescendi mihi— hoc auctore et


to befeared by me—when he (i8) the author and

cognitore huiusce sententiae— sin illam


$upporter of this opinion- but üf (you follow) that
alteram, nescio 8. amplius negoti
other, 1 know not whether ^more trouble

contrahatur mihi. Sed tamen utilitas


nay be forced upon me. But yet let the advamtaqe

rei publicae vincat rationes meorum periculorum.


ofthe republic conquer the consideration qf my danger.
Enim habemus a C. Caesare, sicut ipsius dignitas
For* we have from C. Caesar, a8 hi8 oncm dignity

et amplitudo eius maiorum postulabat, sententiam,


and the nobility of his ancestors required, am opiniom,
tamquam
<as if x
obsidem
a pledge of perpetuae
hi8 perpetual voluntatis
good will in
te)

rem publicam. - Intellectum est, quid intersit


the republic. It ha& been understood, what is the difference
inter levitatem contionatorum et animum vere
between the levity of demagogues and a mind truly
popularem, consulentem saluti populi.
popular, con8ulting for the 8afety of the people.
lO Video non neminem de istis qui
I 8ee not mo one (some one) from tho8e who
volunt Se haberi popularis abesse,
wish themselve8 to be acconznted popular $8 ab8ent,
videlicet, ne : ferat sententiam de
that $8 to say, legt he mag eaepress an opinion concerning
rapite Romanorum civium. Is,
the head (life) of Roman cítízens. He,
CATILINE—IV. 107

audius tertius, et dedit Romanos civis in


day before yesterdag, both gave Roman cítízena into

custodiam, et decrevit mihi supplicationem, et


cu8tody, and decreed to me a thanksgivíng, and

hesterno die affecit indices maximis


om ye8terdag honored the •nformers with the greate8t
praemiis. Iam hoc est dubium memini, quid
reward8. Now this is doubtful to no one, whoet

iudicarit de tota re et,


his judgment vas concerning the whole matter and
causa, qui decrevit custodiam reo,
the cause, who decreed custody for the accu$ed,
gratulationem quaesitori, praemium indici.
congratulation to the pro8ecutor, a reward to the informer
At, vero, C. Caesar intellegit Semproniam
But, truly, C. Caesar under8tand& the Sempronian
legem constitutam esse de Romanis civibus;
law wa8 appointed comcerning Roman citizens;

autem qui $it hostis rei publicae, eum posse


but who is an ememy of the republie, he co,

esse nullo modo civem ; denique, latorem


be ün no way a citizen; finally, the proposer

ipsum Semproniae legis, dependisse poenas


him8elf qf the Semproniam law, paid the penalty
rei publicae iussu populi. Idem
to the republic by the order of the people. The same (per8on)
putat largitorem et prodigum I.entulum posse
t/£nks the bríber and prodigal Lentulus ('(!u.

non appellari popularem, Cum cogitarit


not be called a friend qf the people, since he has planned
tam acerbe que tam crudeliter de pernicie
80 cruelly and 80 harshly concerming the destruction
Romani populi, exitio huius urbis.
of the Roman people, (and) the ru$n of this city.
Itaque, mitissimus atque lenissimus homo
Therefore, (thî8) the most mild and most gentle rit.
108 CICERO.

non dubitat mandare . P. Lentulum


(Caesar) does not hesitate to commit P. Lentulus

aeternis tenebris que vinculis, et sancit in


to eternal darkness and to bonds, and ordoins for
posterum, ne quis possit iactare se levando
the future, that no one can show himself offby lightening
huius supplicio, et posthae esse popularis in
hi8 punishment, and hereafter to be popular for
perniciem Romani populi : etiam adiungit
the de8truction of the Roman people: also he adds

publicationem bonorum, ut etiam egestas ac


confiscation qf goods, that erem, want amoe

mendicitas consequatur omnis cruciatus animi et


beggary mag follono all torments of mind and

corporis.
of body.
ll Quam ob rem, sive statueritis hoc,
Wherej'ore, £f you shall decree thi8,
dederitis mihi comitem ad
you will give to me an associate (Caesar) for
contionem carum atque iucundum populo ;
the public address dear and acceptable to the people;
sive malueritis sequi sententiam Silani,
or if you shall prefer to follow the opinion of Silanus,
exsolveritis me atque VOS facile â

you will release me and yourselve8 ea8ily from


vituperatione crudelitatis, atque obtinebo eam
the blame of cruelty, and I shall maintain £t

fuisse multo leniorem. Quamquam, conseripti patres,


utos ^much lighter. Although, conscript fathers,

quae crudelitas potest esse in punienda


what cruelty cam there be @n punishing
immanitate tanti sceleris ? Enim ego iudico
the outrageousness of 8o great a crime ? For judge
de neo sensu. Nam ita liceat mihi perfrui
from my own feeling. For thus I may enjoy
CATII.INE—IV. 109

vobiscum salva re publica, ut ego, quod sum


with you a safe republie, a8 I, beca use Iam

vehementior in hac causa, moveor non atrocitate


more vehement in this cau8e, am moved not by crueltg
animi—enim quis est mitior me?— sed quadaiii
of mind- for who is milder than I?—but by 8omne
singulari humanitate et misericordia. Enim videor
8ingular humanity and ^mercy. For- I 8eem,

mihi videre hanc urbem, lucem orbis terrarum,


to myself to 8ee this city, the light of the whole earth,
atque arCenn omnium gentium, subito
and the citadel of all nation&, 8uddemly
concidentem uno incendio; CernO animo
falling by one conflagration; I discern in my mind
miseros atque insepultos acervos civium in
wretched amd wmburied heap8 of citizens $/'.

sepulta patria. Aspectus et furor Cethegi


my buried country. The appearance and fury qf Cethegus
bacchantis in vestra caede versatur ante mihi
revelling £n your 8laughter i8 revolved before ^mu!/

oculos. 12 Vero cum proposui mihi I.entulum


eye8. But when I represented to myself Lentulus
regnantem, sicut ipse confessus est se sperasse,
ruling, «8 hìmself confe88ed he hoped,
ex . fatis, hunc Gabinium esse;
according to the fate8, (that) this Gabinius ?0(t 8

purpuratum, Catilinam venisse cum exercitu,


clothed in purple, that Catiline had come with his army,
tum perhorresco lamentationem matrum familias,
them I dread the lamentation of mothers offamilie8,
ttum fugam virginum atque puerorum ac
then. the flight of maidens a md of boys ' and
vexationem Vestalium virginum ; et quia
the hara8sing of Vestal virgins; and because

haec videntur mihi vehementer misera atque


the$e things 8ee^ t0 me horribly wretched and
110 CICERO.

miseranda, idcirco praebeo me severum que


pitiable, on that account . I show myself severe and
vehementem in eos qui voluerunt perficere
violent , against those who have wished to bring about
e. Etenim quaero si quis pater familias,
those things. For I a8k éf ang father of a family,
suis liberis interfectis a servo, uxore occisa,
if hi8 children had been slain by a slave, his wife killed,
domo incensa, non sumpserit quam acerbissimum
hi8 hou8e 8et onfire, 8hall not take as bitter

supplicium de servis, utrum is videatur


revenge a8 po88ible 0, his 8laves, would he seem

esse clemens ac misericors, an inhumanissimus


to be clement and mercéful, or* ^mo8t inhuman

et crudelissimus? Vero mihi importunus


and cruel ? But (he would 8eem) to me cruel

ac ferreus qui non lenierit suum dolorem que


and hardhearted woho did not 8oothe his own grief amd
cruciatum dolore que cruciatu nocentis. Sic nos
torment by the grief and torment of the offender. Thus ve
in his hominibus—qui voluerunt trucidare nos,
in case of these $em- who have wished to 8laughter us,

qui coniuges, qui nostros


who (have wished to slaughter) (our) vives, who (and) our
liberos; qui conati sunt delere singulas
childrem; who have endeavored to de8troy the severat ,
domos unius cuiusque nostrum, et hoc universum
hou8e8 of each one of us, amd this whole

domicilium rei publicae ; qui egerunt id, ut


abode of the republic; voho attempted this, that
collocarent gentem Allobrogum im vestigiis
they might place the nation of the Allobroges in the ruins
huius urbis, atque in cinere deflagrati imperi—
of tfiis city, and in the ashes of the consumed empire—
si fuerimus vehementissimi habebimur
$f we 8hall be very vehement we shall be accounted
QATILINE—IV. 11 1

misericordes; sin voluerimus esse remissiores,


•mercéful; but £f we shall wish to be ^more lar,
fama summae crudelitatis, in pernicie
the reputation of the Ãighest cruelty, to the destruction
patriae que civium, est subeunda nobis.
of country and of citizens, ' mu8t be umdergone by us.
l3 Nisi, vero, L. Caesar, fortissimus vir, et
Umle88, truly, L. Cae8ar, a mo8t bold man, and
amantissimus rei publicae, visus est cuipiam
mo8t devoted to the republic, 8eemed to amy one

crudelior, cum dixit virum suae sororis,


too cruel, when, he 8aid the hu8band of his own 8i8ter,
electissimae feminae, praesentem et.
a mo8t eaecellent ^00mam, when he wa8 present and

audientem, €SS€ privandum vita, cum


within hearing, ought to be deprived of lìfe, when
dixit aVlm interfectum esse,
he instanced (that) his grandfather had been 8laim,
iussu consulis, que eius filium, impuberem,
by order of the con8ul, and hi8 8on, not yet of age,
missum legatum : a patre, necatum esse
beáng sent as ambassador by his father, had beem killed
in carcere. Quod factum quorum simile?
én, pri8on. What act of the8e is like (this) ?
Quod consilium delendae rei publicae initum ?
What design for destroying the republic wa8 entered into ?
Voluntas largitionis versata est
A desére for giving liberally (to the people) eæisted

fum in re publica, et quaedam contentio partium.


them in the republic, amd 8ome contention ofpartie8.
Atque illo tempore aVuS huius Lentuli,
And at that time the grandfather of this Lentulus,
clarissimus vir, armatus persecutus est Gracchum.
a mo8t famou8 man, in arms pur8ued Gracchus.
Ille etiam tum accepit grave vulnus, ne quid
He al80 then received a severe wound, lest anything
112 CICERO.

minueretur de summa re publica ,


might be taken from the highest (interest8 of) the republic;
hic arcessit Gallos ad evertenda
this (Lentulus) 8ends for the Gauls for overturning
fundamenta rei publicae, concitat servitia, vocat
the foundations of the republic, eaecite8 the slaves, calls
Catilinam, attribuit nos Cethego trucidandos,
Catiline, a88igns me to Cethegus to be 8laughtered,
ceteros civis Gabinio interficiendos, urbem
the other citizen8 to Gabinius to be 8la$m, the city
Cassio inflammandam, totam Italiam Catilinae
to Cassius . to be 8et on fire, the whole qf Italy to Catilïne
vastandam que diripiendam. Vereamini,
to be laid vooe8te amd plundered. You should fear,
censeo, ne in hoc tam immani ac nefando
I am to believe, le8t in this 80 outrageou8 and ümpiou8
scelere, videamini statuisse aliquid nimis
créme, you mag 8eem to have determined something too

severe ; multo magis est verendum ne remissione


8everely; much more i8 it to befeared lest by remission,
poenae videamur fuisse crudeles in
of punishment we mag 8eem to have been cruel to

patriam, quam ne severitate animadversionis


the country, than le8t by the 8everity of punishment
nimis vehementes in acerbissimos
(we mag 8eem) too violent against the mo8t bitter
hostis.
enemie8.

l4 Sed, conscripti patres, possum non dissimularé


But, conscript fathers, I can not hide

ea , quae exaudio. Enim voces iaciuntur


tho8e things which I hear. For word is bandied about
quae perveniunt ad meas auris, eorum qui videntur
vohich comes to my ear&, of those who 8ee

vereri, ut habeam satis praesidi ad


tofear, that I may not have enough ^ guard for
CATII,INE—IV. 113:

transigunda ۉ, quae vos statueritis


performång tho8e tháng& which y0w 8hall determine
hodierno die. Omnia et provisa sunt, et
on thi8 day. All things both have been foreseen, and
parata, et constituta, conscripti patres, cum
prepoered, and appointed, con8cript father&, a8 well
mea summa cura atque diligentia, tum etiam
by my greate8t care and diligence, a8 , al8o

multo maiore voluntate Romani populi ad


by a much greater wish, of the Homan people for
retinendum summum imperium et ad conservandas
the preservation of the highest empöre and for the 8afety qf
communis fortunas. Omnes homines omnium
our common fortunes. All ^6, qf all

ordinum, denique omnium aetatum adsunt ;


rank8, finally of all age8 are pre8ent ;
forum est plenum, templa circa forum plena,
the forum is full, the temples about the forum full,
onmnes aditus huius loci ac templi pleni.
oell the approaches of thi8 place and temple (are) full.
Enim haec causa sola inventa est post urbem
For thés cause alome was found since the city

conditam, in qua omnes sentirent unum atque


was founded, $n which all thought 0?6 amd

idem, praeter eos, qui cum viderent


the same thing, , eaecept tho8e, vcho when they 8awo
esse pereundum sibi, voluerunt potius perire
they mu8t perish, wished rather to perish

cum omnibus, quam soli. l5 Ego excipio et


with all, tham alone. I. eaecept and

libenter secerno hosce homines, enim puto


willingly 8eparate the8e mem, for Ithink (them)
neque habendos in numero improborum
neither to be accounted •n the number of di8hone8t
civium, sed in acerbissimorum
- hostium.
citizens, :. but in (the number) qf most bifter «706/mt€&

8
114 CICERO.

Vero ceteri, immortales di ! qua frequentia,


But the rest, immortal gods ! in urhat numbers,
quo studio, qua virtute consentiunt
with what ardor, with what virtue (boldness) they agree
ad communem dignitatem que salutem ! Quid
to the common, dignity and 8afety ! Why

ego commemorem hic Romanos equites ! Qui ita


ahould I mentìom. here the Roman knights ? Who so

concedunt vobis summam ordinis que consili, ut


comcede to you the chief place in rank and counsel, that
certent, vobiscum de amore rei publicae;
they contend with you concerning love for the republic;
quos, revocatus ex dissensione multorum annorum
vchom, recalled from a disagreement of mang gears

ad societatem que concordiam huius ordinis,


to the alliance and concord ' with this order (the

hodiernus dies atque haec causa coniungit


senators), thi8 day and this co?ise wnite8

vobiscum : quam coniunctionem confirmatam in nmeo


with you: thía union confirmed in ^mg/

consulatu, si tenuerimus perpetuam in re publica,


consulship, £f we shall hold perpetually in the republic,
confirmo vobis, nullum civile ac domesticum
I a88ure you, ^o civil and domestic

malum esse venturum posthac ad ullam partem


dí$aster will cone hereafter to amy part

rei publicae. Video tribunos aerarios,


of the republic. I 8ee the tribume8 of the treasury,
fortissimos viros, convenisse pari studio
^most bold ^mem, have come together with a like ardor

defendendae rei publicae ; item universos scribas ;


to defend the republic; also all the clerks ;

quos cum haec dies casu frequentasset ad


whom simee this day by accident had collected them at

aerarium, video esse conversos ab exspectatione


the treasury, I 8ee are turned from the ezpectation
CATILINE—IV. 115

sortis ad communem salutem. l6 Omnis


of the lots to the common, 8afety. All

multitudo ingenuorum, etiam tenuissimorum,


the multitude offreeborn (citizens), even of the most slender
adest. Enim quis est, cui haec
(poorest), is present. For who is there, to whom the8e
templa, aspectus urbis, possessio libertatis,
temples, the 8ight of the city, the po88e88ion of liberty,
denique haec lux ipsa, et hoc commune solum
finally this light itself, and this common 8oil

patriae, sit non cum carum, tum vero dulce atque


of country, is not both dear, and truly sweet amd

iucundum ?
plea8ant?
Est pretium operae, conscripti patres,
It is the price oflabor (itis worth while), conscript fathers,
cognoscere studia
to knowo (to acquaint yourselves with) the zeal

libertinorum hominum, qui sua virtute consecuti


of the freedmen, who by their merit8 having attained
fortunam civitatis, iudicant hanc esse 8a
the fortune of citizenship, judge this to be their own,

patriam, quam quidam nati hic et nati


country, wchich, 8ome (per8ons) born, here and born
SnnnnO loco, iudicaverunt esse non Sliam

in the highe8t condition, have judged to be mot their own


patriam, sed urbem hostium. Sed quid ego commemoro
country, but a city of enemies. But why do I nention,

hosce homines que ordines, quos privatae fortunae,


the&e ne, and ordera, whom private sfortunes,

quos communis res publica, quos denique ea


vbhom the common, republic, whom finally that

libertas, quae est dulcissima, excitavit ad defendendam


liberty, which i8 8uoeetest, has eæcited to defend
salutem triae? Est nemo servus, qui
the aafety of their country ? There is mo 8lave, cha
116 CICERO.

sit modo tolerabili condicione servitutis,


$8 only (provided he is) in a tolerable condition of 8lavery,
qui non perhorrescat audaciam perditorum
who doe8 not 8hudder at the audacity qf these abandoned
civium, qui non cupiat haec stare,
citizens, who doe8 not de8ire the8e things to 8tand,

qui non conferat tantum voluntatis quantum


who does not bring a8 much good will o8

audet, et quantum potest ad communem salutem.


he dare8, and 08 he can to the common 8afety.
l7 Qua re si forte hoc quod auditum est
Wherefore $f by chamce this which has been heard
commovet quem vestrum, quemdam lenonem Lentuli
^mO)e8 any one Qfyou, a certa£n. tool of Lentulus
COnCllS8e circum tabernas, sperare posse
i8 running about around the shops, hoping (that) he can.
sollicitari animos egentium atque imperitorum
^*on8e the minds of the meedy and of the unskilful
pretio, id quidem coeptum est atque
by a reward, that £mdeed has been begum and

temptatum ; sed nulli inventi sunt aut tam miseri


tried; but none have been found either 8o wretched
fortuna, aut tam perditi voluntate, qui velint
$n fortune, or 80 abamdoned @n wcill, a8 to nbìsh.

O illum ipsum locum sellae atque operis, et


mot (that) that very place oftheir 8eat
and work, and
quotidiani quaestus, qui suum cubile
O.

of their daily busine88, cho (may) mot (vbi8h) hi8 couch


a* lectulum, denique qui nOn hunc otiosum
and bed, finally who (may) not (uoi8h) this peaceable
cursum suae vitae esse salvum. Vero multo
course of the$r life to be 8afe. But byfar

maxima pars eorum, qui sunt in tabernis, inmmo


the greate8t part of tho8e, voho are in the shops, 3/e8,

vero—enim id est potius dicendum—universum hoo


truly— for ' t'lis is `rather to be said-the whole of this
CATII.INE—IV. - 117

genus, est amantissimum oti. Etenim omne


cla88, i8 ^most desirou8 of peace. For- all

instrumentum, omnis eorum opera ac quaestus,


the apparatu8, all their labor and bu8iness,
sustinetur frequentia civium, alitur otio :
i8 8upported by assemblage of citizens, is fostered by peace:
si quorum quaestus solet minui
£f their bu8ine88 is accustomed to be diminished
tabernis occlusis, quid tandem fuit futurum
when the 8hops are shut, chat finally would happen,
incensis ? - l8 Cum quae sint ita,
èf they were 8et om fire ? Simce things are thu8,

conscripti . patres, praesidia Romani populi


con8cript fathers, the protection of the Roman people
non desunt vobis : providete ne vos videamini
i8 not wanting to you: take care le8t you mag 8eem

deese Romano populo.


to be wcanting to the Romam people.
Habetis consulem reservatum ex plurimis
Xou have a consul 8afe from many

periculis et insidiis, atque ex media morte, non


damgers and snares, and from the midst of death, mot
ad suam vitam, sed ad vestram salutem. Omnes
for his ouom lìfe, but for your 8afety. All '

ordines consentiunt mente, voluntate, studio, voce,


ranks agree £n mind, in will, in ardor, in voice,
ad conservandam rem publicam. Communis patria
for pre8erving the republic. Your common country
obsessa facibus et, telis impiae
be8et with the torche8 amd voeapon8 of an impiou8
coniurationis, supplex tendit manus vobis;
con8piracy, 8uppliant stretches her hands to you;
commendat vobis se, vobis vitam omnium
she commends to you her8elf, to you the life of all
civium, vobis arcem et Capitolium, vobis
the citizens, to you the citadel and the Capitol, to you
118 CICERO.

araS Penatium, vobis illum perpetuum ac


the altar& ofthe Penate8, to you that perpetual and

sempiternum ignem Vestae, vobis omnia templa


eternal fire of Vesta, to you all the temples

atque delubra deorum, vobis muros atque tecta


and shrines of the gods, to you the walls and hou8e8
urbis. Praeterea est iudicandum vobis hodiernodie
of the city. Beside8 you mu8tjudge om this doty
de vestra vita, de anima vestrarum
concerning your life, concerning the lives of your
coniugum ac liberorum, de fortunis omnium,
wîve8 amd childrem, concerning the fortune8 of all,
de sedibus, de vestris focis.
concerning your seats (abodes), concerning your hearths.
l9 Habetis ducem memorem vestri, oblitum
You have a ledder ^mindful of you, forgetful
sui, facultas quae non semper datur ;
of himself, an opportunity which i8 not always offered;
habetis omnis ordines, omnis homines, universum
you have all ranks, all 7mem, the whole

Romanum populum—id quod videmus primum


Fomam people— that which we 8ee first (for the
in civili causa hodierno die—sentientem
first time) in a civil cause on thi8 day— thinking
unum atque idem. Cogitate lna noX
06 amd the 8ame thing. Th£mk: horo one night

paene delerit imperium fundatum quantis


almost has destroyed am empère founded with how great
laboribus, libertatem stabilitam quanta virtute,
labor, liberty e8tablished by hono great valor,

fortunas auctas que exaggeratas quanta benignitate


fortunes increased and heaped up by how great kindness
deorum. Est providendum hodierno die, non modo
of the gods. We must provide om thi8 day, not only
ne id possit umquam posthac confici, sed
le8t that co?, ever hereofter be done, but
CATILINE—IV. 119

ne quidem cogitari a civibus. Atque locutus sum


not eve7w, be devi8ed by citizens. And I have spoken

haec, non ut excitarem vos, qui paene


the8e things, mot that I might eaecite you, who almo8t
praecurritis mihi studio ; sed ut mea vox, quae
outstrip ^me in zeal; but that my voice, which
debet esse princeps in re publica, videretur
ought to be first ïn the republic, might 8eem
functa consulari officio.
to have discharged its consular duty.
20 Nunc, conscripti patres, antequam redeo ad
Now, conscript fathers, before 1 returm, to
sententiam, dicam pauca de
the opinion (question), I will 8ay a few things concerning
me. Ego video me suscepisse tantam
^myself. I 8ee that I have brought on my8e|f a8 great
multitudinem inimicorum quanta manuS
a multitudó of enemie8 o8 the bamd

coniuratorum est, quam videtis esse permagnam :


of the conspirator8 i8, which you 8ee to be very great:
sed iudico eam esse turpem et infirmam et abiectam.
but Ijudge it £8 base and weak and abject.
Quod si aliquando, ista manus, concitata furore et
But $f at some time, that band, eaeeited by fury and
seelere alicuius, valuerit plus quam vestra
by the crime of 8ome one, ` 8kall effect mroere than your
dignitas ac rei publicae, tamen, conscripti
dignity and (that) of the republic, 3/et, conscript
patres, numquam poenitebit me meorum factorum atque
fathers, Ishall never be 8orry for my deeds and

consiliorum. Etenim mors, quam illi fortasse


plans. For death, with which they perhaps
minitantur mihi, est parata omnibus : nemo
threaten ^me, £s prepared for all: qao o?«

adsecutus est tantam laudem vitae quanta


has attained so great praise ín lífe a8 that with which
120 CICERO.

vOS honestastis me vestris decretis. Enim


you have honored me by your decrees. For
decrevistis semper ceteris gratulationem
gyou have decreed alway8 to others thanksgiving
re publica gesta bene, mihi uni
vohen the republie ha8 been managed well, to me alone
conservata. 21 Ille Scipio sit
(when the republîc) has beem 8aved. I,et that Scipio be

clarus, cuius consilio que virtute Hannibal


famous, by who8e counsel and valor Hannibal

coactus est redire in Africam, atque decedere ex


was forced to return înto Africa, and to depart out of
Italia ; alter : - Africanus Ornetur
Italy; let the other (Scipio) Africanu8 be homored

eximia laude, qui delevit duas urbis


with especial praise, who destroyed the two cities
infestissimas huic imperio, ' Carthaginem que
^m08t hostile to this empère, Carthage and

Numantiam ; ille L. Paullus habeatur egregius


Numantia; let that L. Paullu8 be (accounted) am eæcellent
vir, cuius currum Perses, rex quondam potentissimus
•man, whose chariot Perses, a king onee mo8t powerful
et nobilissimus, honestavit ; Marius sit in aeterna
amd mo8t moble, ennobled; let Mariu8 be în eternal
gloria, qui bis liberavit Italiam obsidione et
glory, who twice freed Italy from 8iege and
metu servitutis ; Pompeius anteponatur omnibus,
from fear of slavery; let Pompey be preferred to all,
cuius res gestae atque virtutes continentur isdem
whose eæploits and bravery are bounded by the same
regionibus ac terminis quibus cursus solis;
regions and limits by which the course of the 8um
erit profecto inter : laudes
(i8 bounded); there will be T surely among the praise
horum aliquid loci nostrae gloriae—nisi forte est
qf the8e 8ome place for my glory—unles& perhapæ ít ís
CATILINE—IV. 121

maius patefacere provincias nobis, quo


a greater thèng to open province8 to us, whither
possimus exire, quam curare ut etiam illi
(06 Co?, go out, tkan to take care that even those
qui absunt habeant quo victores
who are ab8ent may have (a place) whither as conquerors
revertantur. 22 Quamquam uno loco condicio
they may return. Although in one re8pect the condition
externae victoriae est melior quam domesticae—
qf eaeternal victory is better than (that) of domestíc
quod hostes, alienigenae, aut oppressi
(victory)—becau8e ènemie8, foreigners, either cru8hed

serviunt, wut, recepti,


8erve (become subservient), or, being rece$ved (înto
utant Se obligatos beneficio ; autem
friendship), think them&elves obliged by the favor; bwt

ui ex IlleO civium depravati


(tho8e) who out of the number of citizens led a8tray
aliqua dementia, coeperunt semel esse hostes
by 8ome madne88, have begum omce : to be ememóe$

patriae, (•lll reppuleris


of the country, although you may drire them back from
pernicie rei publicae, possis nec coërcere
the destruction of the republie, you cam meither restrain.
€OS vi nec placare beneficio. Qua re
them byforce mor appease them by kindness. W7ierefore
video aeternum bellum susceptum esse mihi cum
I see an eternal war has been undertaken by me with

perditis civibus. Id, vestro auxilio, que


abandoned citizens. This, by your aid, and (by that)
omnium bonorum, que memoria tantorum
of all the good, and by the memory of 8uch great
periculorum, quae semper haerebit, non modo in hoc
dangers, which always clíng, not only to thi8
populo qui servatus est, sed etiam in
people which has been pre8erved, but al8o £n
122 CICP1RO.

$ermonibus ac mentibus omnium gentium—ego


the discourses amd the minds of all nations — . 1

eonfido posse facile propulsari a me atque a


trmt&t can easily be kept back from me and from

meis. Neque profecto ulla vis tanta reperietur,


^mine. Nor indeed will any force 8o great be found,
quae possit , perfringere et labefactare vestram
which cam break through and overthrow your

coniunctionem que Romanorum equitum, et


union and (that) qf the Roman knights, and

tantam conspirationem omnium bonorum.


so great an agreement of all the good.
23 Cum quae sint ita, conscripti patres,
Since the8e things are 80, conscript fathers,
pro imperio, pro exercitu, pro
ên place of the commond, in place of the army, in place of
provincia, quam neglexi, pro triumpho,
the propínce, vchich Ihave neglected, in place of the triumph,
quo eeteris insignibus laudis, quae repudiata sunt
and the other marks ofpraise, which have been refused
a me, propter custodiam urbis que
by me, becamise of the guardianship of the city and

vestrae salutis, pro clientelis que hospitiis


of your 8afety, in place of the clientship8 and friend8hips
provincialibus,
belonging to the provinces (for my clients and friends in the
- quae tamen tueor opibus urbanis
provinces), which yet Idefend by the resource8 of the city
non minore labore quam comparo, igitur
not wpàth less labor than Iprocure (them), therefore
pro
for
omnibus
all
his rebus, pro meis singularibus
these things, for my singular
studiis
zeal

in vos, que pro hae diligentia, quam


toward you, ând for this my diligence, which
conspicitis, ad conservandam rem publicam, postulo
you perceive, for preserving the republic, I require
CATILINE—IV, 123

rhil aliud a vobis, nisi memoriam -

~othéng el8e from yow, . eaecept the memory (remembrance)


huius temporis, que totius mei consulatus:
orthis time, . amd of the whole of mg . consulship:
dim quae erit infixa vestris mentibus, arbitrabor
whole :hi8 8mall be fiaeed in your mindè, I shal' think
6. esse saeptum firmissimo muro. Quod si
myself to be $nclo8ed by the 8trongest wall. . But £f?
vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit
the voooeence qf whe di8hone8t 8hall faíl and 8hall overcome
meamu spem, commendo vobis meum parvum filium,
my hope, I commend to you my little 807,

cui profecto erit satis praesidi, non solum


to whome indeed wt will be enough protection, not only
ad salutem, verum etiam ad dignitatem, si
for 8çfety, 6ut even for honor, £f
memineritis illum esse filium eius qui
gou remember that he is the 8om of that (one) who
conservaverit omnia haec suo periculo solius.
preserved ασl the8e things at his ovcm danger alone.
24 Quapropter, conscripti patres, decernite diligenter,
0n thi8 account, conscript fathers, decree with care,
ut instituistis, ac fortiter, de vestra 8umma
a8 you have begur., and boldly, concerning your highe8t
salute, que Romani populi, de vestris
safety, and (thar) of the Roman people, eoncerning your
coniugibus ac liberis, de aris 8C
vbi ve8 and children, concerning your altar8 and
focis, de fanis ac templis, de
hearths, concerning your 8hrines and temples, concerning
tectis ac sedibus totius urbis, de
the roof* and abodes of the whole city, concerning
imperio, de libertate, de salute
the empire, concerning liberty, concerning the 8afety
Italiae, que de universa re publica. Enim
qf Italy, and concerning the whole republic. For
124 CICERO.
*

habetis eum consulem qui non dubitet et


you have that consul who does not hesitate both

parere vestris decretis, et possit defendere ea

to obey your decrees, and is able to defend those things


quae statueritis quoad vivet, et
which you shall determine as long as he shall live, and
praestare per se ipsum.
to perform (them) by himself.
- - •.' .^ •• •• • ,
^
5 .
* A/<•<- 22* 3°' -/ •• ,

•••• </ * ARCHIAS. 125

_*

^ .
$. % *

THE CITIZENSEHIEP OF ARCHIAS.

l Si est in me, iudices, quid ingeni


If there is in me, 0 judges, any talent (and)
quod quam exiguum sit sentio ;
which how 8light üt $8 Ifeel (and I know how little
aut si qua exercitatio dicendi, iiu
it is); or èf any praettre in (public) speaking, in
quâ non infitior '" nig esse mediocriter
which I do mot demy (that) I. (?}, moderately
versatum, aut si aliqua ratio
huiusce
eæperienced, or èf (I have) any method of this 8ame
rei profecta ab studiis optimarum
thing (in my oratory) -arising...from the 8tudy qf the best
artium ' ac disciplina, á-*;„
mtrt& (liberal sciences) and from ínstruction, from '\
quia ego confiteor nullum tempus meae
£r/éch, I. confe88 ,0 time (part) qf my
aetatis abhoruisse, - hic A.
lífe has been averse (has been estranged), this A.

I.icinius debet vel in primis


Liciniu8 ought (is entitled) even among the first
repetere a me fructum omnium
to claim in return from me the fruit (benefit) qf all
€arllm rerum prope
the8e things (of all these mental endowments) almo8t
SllO iure. Nam quoad longissime mea
by his own right. For «8 fa$) πy

mens potest respicere spatium praeteriti temporis,


mind cam look back (on) the 8pace of pa8t time,.
126 CICERO.

et recordari ultimam memoriam


and (can) recall the most remote remembrance (of eorly)
pueritiae, repetens inde usque,
youth, , tracing; (my.löfe) from then even to (the present
-• •'.•, .-'...«*. T;>***. • . - - - -

video": hüïïë exstitisse mihi


time), I 8ee thi8 (man) to have been to me ( the)
principem et ad suscipiendam, et ad
principal (cause) both for my undertaking, and for
ingrediendam rationem horum studiorum.
enterüng on the method (principles) of these 8tudies.
Quod si haec vox conformata hortatu
But $f this voice (of mine) formed by the encouragement
• - - • '

que praecepti$ huius, fuit aliquando


and preceptæ of this (man), was at any time ~~~~_
a means of
saluti nonnullis, debemus profecto quantum est
8afety to 8ome, Iought certainly a8 much (a8) is
situm in nobis ferre et
placed in me (as far as lies in my power) to brîng both
opem et salutem huic ipsi, 8. quo
aid. and safety to this (man) himself, from whom,
accepimus id quô possemus opitulari et
I have received that , by which I^might aid and

servare alios. 2 Ac ne quis forte miretur


8oete othe8. And lest ang one by chance mag wonder
hoc ita dici a nobis, quod sit . in
(that) : this'is so 8aid by ' me, becau8e there is in
: hoc quaedam alia facultas ingeni
.£hi8 (Archias) : 80^me other , faculty of genius
neque haec ratio aut
'. (a somewhat different talent) and not this $cience or

disciplina dicendi, ne
: discipline (of publie) speaking (which I po88e88), 7not

quidem fuimus nos umquam penitus dediti huic uni


,.: indeed : vca8 I. éver entirely . given,to this one
- , * * o A $u$.
studio.' ' '. Etenim omnes *ârfes, quae
. ' 8tudy (of oratory). For- all the art&, which
ARCIIIAS, 127

pertinent ad humanitatem habent quoddam commune


$end to zefinement have 807ro c0mMm0^
• **. *-*. - -

vinculum, ` e - continentur quasi


bond (of union), and are connected together a8 £f
quadam cognatione inter Se. -

by 8ome ~elationship among themselve8.


3 Sed ne videatur esse mirum cui
But le8t £t mag appear to be wonderful to any (one)
vestrum, me in legitima questione, et in publico
ofyou, (that) I in a legal question, and in a publio
iudicio, C. eS agatur apud
court (of.ju8tice), ' vohen the thing (the ca8e) is tried before
praetorem Romani populi, lectissimum virum,
a praetor of the Roman people, a mo8t eminent ^mam,

et apud severissimos iudices, tanto


amd before mo8t impartial judges, (and) @n 8uch
COnventu ac fi£ hominum, uti hoc
an a88embly and multitude of men, 8hould employ this
genere dicendi, quod abhorreat
kind (af) ,.£«%.*^
epeakwg (style of oratory), íich is at parianee
o - - -

On mod6 à consuetudine iudiciorum, Verum


not only with the cu8tom of courts (ofju8tice), but

etiam a forensi sermoni, quaeso


also with foren8ic 8peech (pleading at the bar), Ibeseech
a vobis, ut detis mihi, in hac causa, hanc
of you, that you mag grant me, in this cause, that
veniam, accommodatam huic reo,
indulgence, 8u£touble to this defendant, (and)

quem ad modum spero non molestam vobis,


' ' o I hope mot disagreeable to you, (namely)
ut patiamini me dicentem pro , SUO
thoet you mag allow me pleadémg . for a distinguished
poëta atque eruditissimo homine, hoc concnrsu
poet amd mo8t learmed ~man, in thi8 concourse
literatissimorum hominum, hac humanitate vestra,
of highly educated men, with this : culturç of yours,
128 CICERO.

denique, hoc praetore , exercente . iudicium,


and lastly, with 8ueh a praetor eæercising jurisdiction
loqui paulo liberius de
(presiding at the trial), to speak a little more freely of
studiis humanitatis ac litterarum, et in persona
the pursuit qf culture and literature, and in . a character
eiusmodi, quae, propter otium ac
8uch a8 this, who, on account (of his) quiet life and
studium, est minime tractata,
studíe&, i8 very little conver8ant (has had but little
in iudiciis que periculis, uti
experience) in public trial8 and damgers, to employ
prope quodam novo et inusitato genere dicendi.
almo8t a certain meus and unu8ual 8tyle of 8peoeking.
4 Si sentiam quod tribui que concedi
If Ifeel this (ïndulgence) i8 to be granted and allowed
mihi a vobis, profecto perficiam ut putetis
to me by you, a88uredly I will cause you to think
hunc A. Licinium non modo non segregandum
(that) thi8 A. Liciniu8 is not only not to be separated
numero civium
from the number of citizens (to be deprived of the rights
cum sit civis, verum etiam,
of citizenship) since he is a citizen, but (that) even,
si esset : non, fuisse
£f he were not (ome), he ought to have been
adsciscendum.
admitted (among them).
^ Nam ut Archias primum excessit ex pueris,
For whem Archias first grew out of boyhood,
atque ab eis artibus, quibus aetas
and out of (the 8tudy of) tho8e arts, by which the age
puerilis solet informari ad humanitatem, contulit
of boyhood ia wont to be trained to refinement, he devoted
$o ad studium scribendi :
himself to the 8tudy qf vcriting (poetic composition):
ARCHIAS. 129

primum Antiochiae—nam natus est ibi


oet.first at Antioch — for he wa8 born, there
nobili loco— quondam
$n am íllu8triou8 rank (of a noble family)— ' formerly
celebri et copiosa urbe, atque affluenti
a celebrated amd wealthy city, and abounding
eruditissimis hominibus, que
^p€th the mo8t leo rned fmem, and (celebrated for)
liberalissimis studiis, contigit
líberal 8tudie8, and there £t happened (to hóm)
celeriter antecellere omnibus gloria
(was his lot) speedily to eaecel all £n the renovon,

ingeni. Post in ceteris partibus Asiae


of hi8 talents. Afterwards ín other parts of Asia
que cunctae Graeciae, eius adventus celebrabantur
and all Greece, hi8 arrìval wbas celebrated

sic, ut exspectatio hominis


aeo (was so much talked of), that the eaepectation of the man.
superaret famam
(desire of seeing the man) was greater than the fame
ingeni, ipsius adventus que admiratio
of his talents, (and) his arrival and the admîratîon

expectationem. 5 Italia erat


(it caused even surpa88ed) the eaepectation. Italy was
tunc plena Graecarum artium ac disciplinarum,
then full of Greek oerts and culture (schools of
que haec studia colebantur: et
philosophy), and these studîes were cultívated e)en,

tum in Latio vehementius quam


at that tíme ín Latíum more zealously than (they are)
nunc in eisdem oppidis, et hic Romae propter
novo £n the 8ame tompns, amoe here at H?ome on accoumt of
tranquillitatem rei publicae non neglegebantur.
the tranquil 8tate of'the republîc they were not neglected.
Itaque et Tarentini et Rhegini et;
Therefore both the Tarentinian8 and the Rhegianæ and
9
•• -

130 CICERO.

Neapolitani donarunt hunc civitate


the Neapolitans presented him with the freedom of the city
... . que ceteris
(granted him the rights of citizenship) and with other

])raemiis : et omnes ui po
qui poterant iudicare aliquid
q.
gift8; and all (men) who could judge anything
de ingeniis existimarunt dignum
concerning geniu8 thought h$m worthy
cognitione atque hospitio. Cum esset
oftheir acquaìntamce and hospitality. When, he woes

iam notus hac


tanta celebritate famae
already known by this
8o great celebrity of reputation
absentibus, venit Romam,
to tho8e absent (to us though absent), he came to Rome,
Mario et Catulo consule. Nactus est primum
Mariu8 and Catulus being consuls. He found at firs:

$$$
eos consules, quorum alter posset adhibere
thage, con8ul&, of whom the one could
furnish (him)
maximas €S ad scribendum, alter
the greate8t achievement8 to be written about, the other
C. res gestas, tum etiam
(could) mot only (furni8h him) military eaeploite, but al8o
studium atque auris. Statim
Aentere8t and attemtion. Immedioetely
Luculli, cum Archias esset etiam tum
the Lucullì, though Archia8 (08 6, them,

praetextatus, receperunt eum suam domum. Sed


a young mam, received hîm înto the$r house. Bwt.
hoc non solum ingeni ac litterarum, , .
th£8 (wa8) motonly (due to) hie talents and his earning, T,:,&
- (.'.-.^-i. v*£/<?_ ->. ' , (
verum etiam naturae atque vfftiitis, U. omus, 6%
but ' also to hi8 nature and vìrtue, £hat the hou8e,

quae fuerit prima huius adolescentia, eadem


which had been the first (home) of his youth, the 8ame
esset familiarissima senectuti. 8 Erat illis temporibus
wa8 most familíar to his old age. Ite wa8 at that t£m6
ARCHIAS. 131

iucundus Q. Metello, illi Numidico, et


agreeable to Q. Metellus, that celebrated Numídícus, and
eius filio Pio. Audiebatur a M. Aemilio ;
to h£8 8om : P$us. He wa8 li8tened to by M. Aemilius;
vivebat . cum Q. Catulo, et
he flivèd (om terms of întîmacy) vith Q. Catulus, bot/,
*~~~ -* . ,.^
patre et filio ; colebatur a I. Crasso.
father and son; he wa8 greatly esteemed by L. Crassus. :
Cum teneret devinctam consuetudine
When he held attached (to h£m) by habits (of intimacy)
Lucullos vero, et Drusum, et Octavios, et
the Lucullî îndeed, al8o Dru8u8, and the 0ctavii, and
Catonem, et totam domum Hortensiorum,
Cato, amd the whole family of the Horten8ii,
afficiebatur summo honore ; quod non solum
he was rewarded with the greate8t honor; for not only
colebant eum qui studebant
(those) cultívated frimv€eourted his friendship) who desíred

percipere atque audire aliquid, verum etiam, si qui


to learn * * and to hear 8omething, but also, ~£f**angr
forte simulabant. t<*«•. • ' •
by chance pretended (to have such a desire).
Interim, satis longo intervallo,
In the meanwhile, after a sufficiently long £nterval,
cum esset profectus cum L. Lucullo in Siciliam,
vohem he had gome with L. Lucullu8 £nto Sicily,
et cum decederet ex ea provincia cum
and when, he departed from that province with
eodem Lucullo, venit Heracliam. Cum quae esset
the same Lucullus, he came to Heraclea. Since T it wa8
€ivitas aequissimo iure 8C
a city (enjoyíng) the highe8t right8 and £n. (8trict)
foedere, voluit Se asscribi
alliance (with Home), he desired hîmself to be enrolled
in eam civitatem ; que cum ipse putaretur dignus
@n that city; ând a8 he was thought de8erving
132 CICERO.

per se, tum auctoritate et gratia


(qf it) by himself, as well a8 by the authority and favor
Luculli, impetravit id ab Heracliensibus.
of Lucullus, he obta$ned this from the Heracleans.
7 Civitas est data
The right of Roman citizenship do8 granted (to him)
lege Silvani et Carbonis. “ Si qui
öy the law of Silvanu8 and of Carbo. '' If any persons .
fuissent ascripti foederatis civitatibus ;
had been enrolled (a8 citizens) among the confederate cities;
si cum lex ferebatur habuissent domicilium in
£f when the law wa8 pa88ed they had a residence in
Italia ; et si sexaginta diebus essent professi
Italy; and £f within 8iaety days they had declared
apud praetorem.” Cum hic haberet iam
(themselve8) before the praetor.” Since he had already
domicilium multos annos, professus est
a residence for many years, he declared (his intention)
apud Q. Metellum, praetorem, suum familiarissimum.
before Q. Metellus, the praetor, his most intimate friend.
8 Si dicimus nihil aliud nisi de civitate
If we say mothing el8e eæcept about hi8 citizenship
aO' lege, dico nihil
and the law (which relates to it), I (need) 8ay nothing
amplius; causa dicta est. Enim quid
more; . the cause i8 pleaded (and i8 gained). For which
horum, Grati, potest infirmari?
of the8e (8tatements), O Gratimus, can be weakened?

Negabisne esse ascriptum tum


Will you deny (that) he nda8 enrolled them (among the
Heracliae? Adest vir Sllmma
citizens) at Heraclea ? There is present a man of'the higheat
auctoritate, et religione, et fide, IL. Iucullus, qui
authority, and truth, and integrity, L. Iucullus, arho

dicit, 8€ non opinari, sed .. seire,


sage (that) he doee not think, but (that) he knowe (ît to
ARCHIAS. 133

non audisse, sed vidisse,


be 8o), (that) he did not hear, but saw (it), (that) he was
non interfuisse, sed egisse. Heraclienses legati
not only pre8ent, but acted. Heracleam delegates
adsunt, nobilissimi homines ; venerunt
are present, most moble men; they have come (eaepre88ly)
' CauSa huius iudici, cum mandatis
on account qf this trial, with instruction8 (from their
et cum publico testimonio ; qui dicunt hunc
city) and with publîc testimony; who 8ay (that) he
ascriptum Heracliensem. Hic tu desideras
(wa8) a naturalized Heracleam. Here you de8oere

publicas tabulas Heracliensium, omnis laS


the public 1'egistere of the Heracleam8, all of which
scimus interisse Italico bello,
we knowo perished £n the Italiam war, (when)
tabulario incenso. Est ridiculum dicere
the register building wa8 burned. It is ridiculous to 8ay
nihil ad ea quae habemus, quaerere
nothing of the8e (proofs) which we have, (but) to ask for
quae possumus non habere ; et tacere
(those) which we can. not hoeve; and to be 8ilent
de memoria hominum,
concerning the recollection (testimony) of men, (and)
flagitare memoriam litterarum ; et Cum

to in8i8t om the te8timony of records; and , although


habeas religionem amplissimi
you have the con8cientiou8 evidemce of a mo8t honorable
viri, iusiurandum que fidem integerrimi
mam, (and) the oath and faith of a most respectable
municipi, repudiare ea, quae possunt nullo
municipality, to reject these (proqfs), which cam £m mo

modo depravari desiderare tabulas, quas


^ra«t7r^ner* be corrupted (and) to require registere, vohich

idem dicis solere corrumpi. 9 An


even you saj are accustomed to be tampered with, Bwf
134 CICERO.

habuit is non domicilium in Italia qui, tot


had he not a residence in Italy who, for so many
annis ante civitate datam, collocavit
gyears before citizenship was granted him, had placed
sedem omnium suarum rerum aC fortunarum
the seat of all his possessions and all his fortunes
v
Romae? At non est professus? -

at Rome ? But did he not declare (his intention of becoming


Immo vero, professus eis
a citizen) ? Yes indeed, e declared (his intention) in those
tabulis, quae solae ex illa professione que
registers, which alone from that declaration and
collegio praetorum obtinent autoritatem publicarum
college of praetors obtains the authority of public
tabularum. -
registers. --
Nam cum tabulae Appi dicerentur
For since the registers of Appius were said (to)
adservatae neglegentius, levitas
have been kept very carelessly, (and) the trifling (conduct)
Gabini quamdiu fuit incolumis,
of Gabinius as long as he was safe, (and)
calamitas post damnationem, resignasset
the misfortune after his condemnation, had taken away
omnem fidem tabularum, Metellus, homo
all - the faith in the registers, Metellus, Ol 7720.73,

sanctissimus que modestissimus omnium, fuit


the most pure and scrupulous of all (men), was
tanta diligentia, ut venerit ad L. Lentulum
so (full of) care, that he came to L. Lentulus
praetorem, et ad iudices, et dixerit
the praetor, and to the judges, and said (that)
se esse commotum litura unius nominis.
he was disturbed by the erasure of a single 7R0Me.

Igitur his tabulis videtis nullam lituram in


ow in these registers you see 710 era8ure in
ARCHIAS. 135

nomen . . A. Licini. 10 Cum quae sint ita,


the nome qf A. Lícíníus. Sínce these things are eo,
quid est quod dubitetis de eius civitate,
.what is, there , that you doubt , about his , citizenship,
praesertim cum fuerit ascriptus quoque in aliis
e8pecially a8 he wa8 ' enrolled al8o £n other

civitatibus? Etenim cum homines in Graecia


citie8 ? For 8ince the men in Greece (Magna
impertiebantæ civitatem multis
Graecia) . . granted the right8 of citizenship to mang
mediocribus, et praeditis aut nulla |
ordinary mem, ' ' and (the$e) endowed either with no
arte aut aliqua humili, gratuito,
profe88ion or some low one, (and this) gratuitously,
credo Rheginos aut Locrenses,
(can). Ibelieve (that) the Fhegians : or the Locrian8,
Neapolitanos aut Tarentinos, noluisse
the Neapolitan8 or Tarentine8, would be unwilling to give
id huic, praedito Sá, gloria
that : to this man, endowed with the greate8t renovcm
ingeni, quod solebant largiri scenicis
of talent, vbhich they were accustomed to grant to theatrical
artificibus? Quid? cum ceteri, non modo post
arti8t8 ? What ? when others, mot only after
civitatem datam, sed etiam
citizenship had been granted (to them), but al80

ost Papiam legem, irrepserint aliquo


after the pa88age of the Papiam law, had crept . by 8ome
modo . in tabulas eorum municiporum,
rmeans * into : the regísters of the8e 7municipalitie8,
hic reicietur, qui ne quidem utitur -

shall he be rejected, voho , does not T even , avail (him8e|f)


illis in quibus est scriptus, _ quod
qf those registers în which he is enrolled, b6cau86
semper voluit Se - eSSe
he alway8 wished himself to be (comsidered)
136 CICEHO.

Heracliensem. ll Requiris scilicet nostros census.


a citizen of Heraclea. You demand truly ottft* ce88

Est enim obscurum proximis


(the censor's lists). It is then unknown (that) under the last
censoribus hunc fuisse cum clarissimo imperatore
ce?&O7*8 he wa8 with the mo8t illu8triou8 commander

L. Lucullo apud exercitum ;


L. Lucullu8 with the army; (that at the time of)
superioribus fuisse cum eodem quaestore
the preceding (one8) he wa8 with the 8ame when quaestor
in Asia ; - primis,
$n A8ia; (that) in the first (cen8u8, after he became a
Julio et Crasso, nullum
citizen,) Juliu8 and Cras8us (being cen8or8), no

partem populi esse censam. Sed quoniam census


part of the people wa8 rated. But since the census
non confirmat ius civitatis, ac tantummodo
doe8 not confirm the right of citizenship, but only
indicat' eum qui sit census iam tum
indicates (that) he who i8 rated already at that time
gessisse Se ita, pro cive ; eis
had conducted hóm&elf 80, a8 a citizen; at the same
temporibus, quae tu criminaris
time, that you allege in your accusation (that)
ne quidem ipsius iudicio eum versatum esse
mot 667, in hi8 owon opinìon did he eæercise

iure Romanorum civium, et saepe fecit


the right of I?oman citizens,
made he both often
testamentum nostris legibus, et adiit
a will (according) to our law8, and entered upon,
hereditates Romanorum civium, et
£nheritance8 (left to hîm by) Homoem citizen8, and
delatus est ad aerarium in
he wa8 reported to the public treasury among

beneficiis, â, I. Lueullo proconsule.


the beneficiarie8, by L. Lucullus the procon8ul.
ARCHIAS. 137

Quaere argumenta, si potes quae.


Seek (for other) proofs, £f you cam (fimd) amy.
Enim hic numquam revincetur
For- thi8 . (Archia8) meder* will be put in the wrong
neque suo iudicio, neque amicorum.
either by his owm opinion, or (that of his) friend8.
l2 Quaeres a nobis, Grati, cur tantopere
You well ask of me, Gratiu8, why I am 8o greatly
delectemur hoc homine. Quia suppeditat nobis
attached to this ' man. Because he supplies ^ne

ubi et animus . reficiatur


(with food) whereby both my m$nd mag be refreshed
ex hoc forensi strepitu
after thi8 foren8ic noi8e (after the noise of the forum)
et aures defessae convicio conquiescant. An
and my ear& tired with wrangling mag find re8t. 0r
tu existimas, aut posse
do you 8uppo8e, e$ther (that it) would be possible
nobis suppetere, quod
for me to have a sufficient supply (of subject8), which

dicamus cotidie, in tanta varietate rerum,


I may discourse on/ daily, in such a variety 0f 8ubject8,
nisi excolamus nostros animos doctrina,
unle88 I cultivated my mind by the 8tudy of literature,
aut animos posse ferre tantam contentionem .
or (that) the mina could bear 8uch great 8train

nisi relaxemus eos eadem doctrina? Ego vero


unless I relaaeed it by the 8ame 8tudíes ? I £ndeed
fateor, me esse deditum his studiis;
confe88 (that) I am devoted to the8e studies;
pudeat ceteros si ui ita abdiderunt
let other& be a8hamed $f they have 80 bwried

8e litteris ut
them&elve8 £n literature (in the study of books) that
possint afferre nihil ex his, neque ad
they can bring nothing from these (8tudie8), either for
138 CICERO.

communem fructum, neque roferre


the common advantage, or to brüngforth . (anything)
in adspectum que lucem. Autem quid
to the view (of men) and the light. But. why
me pudeat, iudices, qui tot
(need) I be ashamed, 0 judges, who (for) so many
annos vivo ita ut umquam
years live (have lived) in such a manner that exer*

aut meum otium abstraxerit me,


e$ther my lei8ure (love of tranquility) has drawn me,
aut
or* -
voluptas
pieasure -
avocarit,
$. aut
«r denique
lastly
somnus
siae
retardarit témpore aut ^commodo nullius?
7retarded me from the damgers or advantage of no one ?
18 Qua-re quis tandem reprehendat me, aut quis
Wherefore who them can reproach me, or who
iure succenseat mihi, , si quantum
by right cam be angry with me, £f a8 much

temporum conceditur ceteris, ad obeundas suas


time (a8) is conceded to others, jor_ transactíng.
^TJ . . *-**-* .__.•
% ^£<^
res, quantum . . ad celebrandos feSfo$7"
affairs, as much (a8 i8 given) for celebrating festival
dies ludorum, quantum -ad alias
day8 qfgame8, a8 much (a8 i8 given) t0 other

voluptates, et , ad requiem ipsam animi et


pleasure8, and . to the rest itself of the mind . and
eorporis, quantum alii tribuunt tempestivis , _.
of the body, a8 much (time a8) others devote to Ae}<T£
conviviis, quantum denique aleae,
banquets, a8 much la8tly (a8 i8 devoted) to dice,
quantum pilae, tantum
a8 much (a8 i8 devoted to) ball-playing, 8o much (time)
egomet sumpsero mihi ad recolenda haec studia ?
I 8hall take to my8elf for pur8uing the8e 8tudies ?
Atque hoc est adeo magis concedendum mihi,
Amd thi8 i8 80 much the more to be allowed to me,
ARCHIAS. 139

quod ex his studiis quoque haec facultas et


because from these studie8 also this faculty and
oratio crescit, quae,
speaking (this faculty of public speaking) improves, uhich,
quantacumque est in me, numquam defuit
£n whatever degree üt eæi8t8 in me, 7e)e^ was wanting
periculis amicorum. Quae si videtur
£o the dangers qf my friends. Which (ability) if it 8eem 8
levior cui, certe quidem sentio, ex quo
trifling to anyone, at allevents I know, from uehat
fonte hauriam illa quae sunt
80/*ce I deríve tho8e (princíple8) . wh>| p.

Slla. l4 Nam InlSl v .) $S€


of the highest value. For- wnle88 1 had per8uaded
mihi ab adolescentia, praeceptis
^my8elf from (my) youth (upwards), by the precept8
multorum, . que multis litteris
of many (master8), amd ^v**, ^eading (that)
€SS€ nihil in vita magnopere expetendum, nisi
there i8 nothing in life greatly to be de8Ìred, eæcept

€'-
laudem atque
£ ara$$e amd
honestatem,
homor,
autem
and
in persequenda
in
ea,
following the8e,

omnes cruciatus corporis, omnia pericula mortis


all torture8 of the body, all the dangers of death

atque exsili, esse ducenda parvi ;


and of eaeile, are to be considered a8 oftergi
- - .-•.
(importance);
numquam obiecissem me pro vestra salute
meder* 8hould I have eæposed myself for your safety
in tot ac tantas dimicationes, atque in hos
in 80 many and 80 great conte8t8, and to , these

eotidianOs impetüs profligatorum hominum. Sed


daily attacks of profligate ?nem. Hut
omnes libri sunt pleni, VO('es
all books are full (qf such preceptoe), the sagings
sapientium plenae, vetustas plena exemplorum ;
of the wise are full, antiquity ($8) full qf eaeample8;
140 CICERO.

omnia quae iacerent in tenebris, nisi lumen


all which might have lain in darkness, unless the light
litterarum accederet. Quam multas imagines
of literature
. .w«»«? (them).
• .
How many image8•

fortissifiéíórüíá expressas, et; Graeci


qf the brave8t men set forth, have both the Greek
et Latini seriptores reliquerunt nobis ; non solum ad
and Latin writer8 left 'u8; mot only to
- - `_, λ. .
intuendum, verum etiam ââ imitandum, quas ego,
be looked at, but al8o to be imitated, which I,
semper praeponens mihi in administranda
alway8 keeping before me (as eæample8) in conducting
re publica, conformabam meam mentem et animum
the republie, moulded ^my qmind amd 8oul

ipsa cogitatione excellentium hominum.


by thi8 contemplation of those eæcellent e.

15 Quispiam quaeret : “ Quid? fuerunt illi


Some one no$ll ask: ** What ? were tho8e

ipsi summi viri, quorum virtutes proditae sunt>


8ame great men, whose good qualities have been handed donam
litteris, eruditi istane doctrina, quam tu
in book8, instructed in this same learning, which you
effers laudibus?” Est difficile confirmare
eaetol (with your) praises ?” It is difficult to affirm
hoc de omnibus ; sed tamen est certum, quid
this of all; but yet thi8 i8 true, which
respondeam. Ego fateor multos homines
1 answer. - I. admit (that) ~mang ^nen,

fuisse excellenti animo ac virtute, et


have eæisted with eaecellent minds and vìrtue, amd
sine doctrina, prope divino habifn
who without learning, by the almost dîvîne instinct

naturae ipsius, exstitisse per se ipsos et


of nature itself, have become through themselves both
moderatos et gravis. Adiungo etiam illud
di8creet amd : wise (men). I add al8o this (that)
ARCHIAS. 141

saepius naturam sine doctrina valuisse


7nore qftem nature without leoerning has availed (led men)
ad laudem atque virtutem, quam doctrinam sine
to fame amd vîrtue, than learning without

natura. Atque ego contendo idem, (*


7wature. And - I contend at the 8ame (time), when

quaedam
a certain
(ratio ' que
and
conformatio
T modelling
doctrinae
of education
- ~
F.~ • • - -

accesserit > ad eximiam atque illustrem naturam,


ha8 been added to an eaecellent , and illustrious nature,
tum illud nescio quid praeclarum ac
then (that) that something brillîant and
- - • ~.

singulare solere exsistere; 16 ex hoc nunmero


eætraordinary is accustomed to arise; of this number
esse hunc divinum hominem Africanum, quem nostri
wa8 that dévéne ^(?, Africanu8, whom, o??*

patres viderunt; ex hoc C. Laelium


fatheræ 8aw; qf this (number were) C. Laeliu8 (and)
L. Furium, moderatissimos et inentissimos
L. Furìu8, 7mo8t di8creet amd — ®®rtuous'

homines ; ex hoc fortissimum virum,


men; A of this (number was also that) most brave ^mam,

M. Catonem, illum senem, et doctissimuj illis


M. Cato, the elder, and the mo8t leoerned in thoxe
temporibus, qui profecto si nihil adiuvarentur
time8, who indeed •f' they had not beem aided

litteris ad percipiendam que colendam virtutem,


by literature in understamdîng and eultivating virtue,
numqnam contulissent Se ad studium
would mever have applied themselves to the 8tudy
€^alltm. Quod si hic tantus fructus
of them (literature). Even < $f this so great adpantage
non ostenderetur, et si , delectatio sola
should not be made apparent, and if re only
peteretur ex his studiis, tamen, ut opinor,
$8 sought from the8e 8tudie8, howewer, (8 think,
142 CIC£RO,

- - -
~_
-

iudicaretis hanc « adversionem > animi


gou would judg6 this émployment 7 of the ménd
humanissimam ac liberalissimam. Nam ceterae
^most reasonable and liberal. For- other
sunt , neque omnium temporum,
(occupationé) are (proper) neither (for) all times,
neque aetatum, neque locorum ; haec studia
nor ( for all) ages, nor (for all) places; these studies
alunt) adolescentiam, @bleétánt) senectutem, ornant
v. fo8ter youth, ~ old age, adorn
secundas res,
pro8perity,
adversis
to adversity
praebent
they offer
/perfugium
~arefuge and
ac
solacium, delectant domi, IO
a comfort, they delight (us) at home, they do not
impediunt foris, ` pernoctant Cul
hénder (u8) abroad, they pa88 the night voith

nobis, peregrinantur,
(48, they accompanyus in our jocwrneys,
rusticantur.
they pass the time with us in the country.
17 Quod si ipsi possemus neque attingere
But $f we ourselve8 could neither `~ attain,

haec, neque gustare nostro sensu,


the8e (advantage8), nor ta8te (them) with our senses
tamen deberemus mirari ea,
(nor enjoy them), still we ought to admire them,
etiam : cum videremus in aliis. Quis
6')em, when we 8ee (them) in others. Who
nostrum fuit tam agresti ac duro animo,
of us wa8 (of) so savage and brutal disposition,
ut nuper morte Rosci O
(8 lately at the death of Ro8ciu8 not (to)
commoveretur ? Qui, 0In mortuus esset
be disturbed? Who, though he díed

senex, tamen propter excellentem artem


an old man, yet on account of the eaecellent $k$l!
ARCHIA8. 143
— - - <• - • - -

ac venustatem, videbatur
and the beauty (of his performance), appeared (to be one
debuisse non mori omnino. Ergo ille
who) — ought not to die at all. Therefore (vohen) he
tantum motu corporis conciliara '
only- by the motion of his body (by his gestures) `had gained
sibi, a nobis omnibus, amorem, n()s

for himself, from us all, our love, shall we


neglegemus incredibilis motùs animorum, que
neglect the Aencredíble - 8, amd

celeritatem
ingeniorum ? 18 How
Quotiens, * iudices, .
"***•£. p often, 0judges, .
ego vidi hüné'Afchiam—enim utar - ' ''* '
have I 8een this Archia&— for I will take advantage of
vestra
your
benignitate,
kindne88,
quoniam tam diligenter attenditis
8ince you 8o attentively listen

me, in hoc novo genere dicendi—quotiens


to me, in thi8 novel kind of pleading-how oftem

ego vidi hunc, ' cum scripsisset nullam


have I 8een h£m, when, he had woerùttem, nOt

litteram, dicere ex tempore magnum


(even)a. letter, «• recáte eaetemporaneou8ly a great
numerum^ optimorum versuum, do eis ipsis
number of the best verses, concerning those very

rebus quae tum agerentur ! quotiens,


events nohich were them, *$' how often (have 1
revocatum, cere eandem rem,
sem him), ven** e repeat the 8ame taiis.
commutatis verbis atque $ententiis! ,
with changed wDords and $entem ce$ ! '
Quae verO scripsisset accurate
Whatever (things) £ndeed he had written accurately (with
que cogitate, vidi eâ, sic
care) and with thought, I have 8een those things - 8o
probari, ut pervenirent ad laudem veterum
approved, that they attained to the glory of ancient
144 CICRO,

scriptorum. E. non diligam hunc?


writere. Shall rot love this (mon) !
non admirer? non putem
(8hali I) not admire (him) ? May I not think (it my duty)
defendendum omni ratione?
to defend (him) by all ~means (in my power) ?
Atque, sic accepimus,\ a summis que
Moreover, we have 8o leo rned from most eminent dnd
eruditissimis hominibus, studia ceterarum
^most learned men, (that) the purauit _ of other
e- `„
rerum $
things
constare, both
et doctrina and
ín science
et praeceptis
in rule8
et
and
arte ; poëtam valere naturâ ipsâ,
in skill ; (but) a poet avails (as such) by nature itself,
et excitari viribus mentis, et
and $8 moved by the vigor of his mind, and

inflari «quasi > quodam divino spiritu.


he i8 in8pired a8 itwere by 8ome dìvine 8pirit.
Quare 8UO iure ille noster Ennius
Wherefore, by his own * * *
right (rightly) this our
-

-
Ennius
appellat poëtas sanctos, quod videantur esse
coells poets holy, becau8e they seem to be

commendati\
recommended
nobis
to ^/&
quasi
a8 if
aliquo
by 8ome
dono
güft
atque
oend.

munere deorum. 19 (Igitur, iudices, hoc nomen


present of the gods. Let, them, 0 judges, this name
poëtae sit sanctum apud vos, homines
of poet be 8acred w$th, £/0nt, ^mem,

humanissimos, quod nulla barbaria


most cultívated, vohich (name of poet) no barbarian (has)
umquam violavit.
ever- violated.
Saxa et solitudines
Rocks and de8erts
respondent
an$anèr
.
voci ; immanes bestiae saepe
to the voice (of the poet); 8avage beasts are often
flectuntur, - atque consistunt cantu ;
turned abíóe (controlled) and &tamd still by song;
ARCHIAS. 145

non nos, Gniiiiii> optimis rebus, moveamur


may not . we, trained to the best things, be wnfluenced
VOCe poëtarum ? Colophonii dicunt
by the vo$ce of the poets ? ' The Colophonians 8ay (that)
Homerum esse suum civem, Chii vindican
Homer was their citizen, the Chians Tetain (him
suum, Salaminii répetunt,' Smyrnaei
a8) theïrs, the Salamwnian8 cloeim (hvm), the Smyrnians
vero (confirmant / esse suum, itaque
îmdeed a88ert (that) he woa 8 thewrs, (amd) therefore
etiam Gdedicaverunt delubrum eius in
also they have dedvcated a temple of (to). him in (their)

oppido ; -permulti> alii < praeterea pugnant


tonom; a great many other (places) beside8 fight
atque tendunt) inter se.
amd COntem, among themselves (for the honor qf
being his birthplace). -

Ergo
Therefore
££££> ßíùíï fuit
aim •rstranger, béause he was
poëta,
a poet,
etiam post mortem ; . nOS repudiâïíhunc
eem, after hi8 death ; 8hall we repudiate thés

vivum, qui est noster, et


(Archias) (while he is) alive, , who i8 ours, both,
§£ ` . et legibus? praesertiim
y (his own) inclination , and by (oùr) laws ? *- especially
T~*~ _.--,-*.
• •

eum $qlim Archias eontulerit> omne studium


since heretofore Archias ?ontributed all hi8 zeal

atque
and
omne
all.
ingenium
his genius ad
to celebrandam gloriam
celebrating the glory que
ànd
laudem , Romani populi ? Nam et
prai8e of the Roman people ? For* also, (vchen)
adolescens £, Cimbricas res,
a young man, he touched om the Oìmbriam. affairs , ( on our

et . fuit iucundus i]li


wars with the Cimbri), oend. ^pas Aegreeable to that
Q. Mario ipsi, qui videbatnr «durior ad haec
0. Marius hínself, who seemed ^eryinsensible to suck
10
146 CICERO.
- *
--_

studia. 20 Neque enim est quisquam tam aversus t .


8tudie8. Nor indeed is there anyone so aeg -

a Musis qui non facile patiatur> eternum


to the Muses who would not readily T 8uffer the eternal
praeconium suorum laborum
praîse qf his labors
$i;
to becommitted
versibus.
to verse.

@;
ey- $ay (that)
Themistoclem, illum summum virum
Themistocles, the greate8t o,

Athenis, dixisse, cum quaereretur ex eo quod


£n Athen8, 8aid, whem it wa8 a8ked of him what
c acrOaiiià, aut cuius vocem, libentissime audiret :
*; •
&• „•„. *•**•• v.
or whose voice, he would most wöllingly
- -
heoer:

% 'Eius a quo sua virtus


“ His (the voice of him) by whom his (own) exploits
optime praedicaretur.” Itaque
were best celebrated.'' Therefore (for the same reason)
ille
thés (the famou8)
Marius
Maríus
di$
o
«j£dij;
greatly lo

L. Plotium, cuius ingenio putabat ea quae


L. Plotius, by whose talents he thought the deeds which
gesserat posse celebrari. 21 Vero totum
he had achieved could be celebrated But all

Mithridaticum bellum, magnum atque difficile,


the Mithrídatíc ^bar, great and difficult (as it
et. versatum in multa varietate
was), and conducted nuth so much diversity (of success)
terra que mari, expressum est ab hoc ;
by land and by sea, has been related by this (Archias);
qui libri illustrant non modo L. Lucullum,
these books make illustrious mot only L. Lucullus,
fortissimum et clarissimum virum, verum
(that) most brave and celebrated , man, bwt

etiam nomen Romani populi. 'Enim Romanus


also the name of the Romam people. For fhe Roman

populus, Lucullo imperante, aperuit Pontum,


people, , Lucullu8 commandinq, opened-^ Pontus,
ARCHIA8. 147

vallatum quondam et regiis opibus, et


defended ' hitherto -both by the royal resources, and
natura regionis ipsa ; exercitus Romani
by ; v«*v., §° 3 ítself; the army of the Roman.
populi, eodem duce, nOn
people, the 8ame (Lucullu8) being general, with mo
maxima manu fudit innumerabilis copias Armeniorum;
verv * orce routed coumtle88 forces of Armenians;
est “lâüä Romani populi amicissimam
it is the pride of the Roman people (that) the mo8t fr£endly
urbem Cyzicenorum, concilio eiusdem
city qf the Cyzicemi, by the wwsdom ofthi8 same (Lucullus)
esse ereptam atque servatam ex omni regio impetu,
wa8 delivered and preserved from every royal attack,
80 Ore ac faucibus totius belli ;
and from the-mowth=rand jaws of the whole war;
*<* **- • -

sempef feretur et praedicabitur


(the glory) will always be related and celebrated (a8)
nostra, I. Lucullo dimicante, Cn

ours, L. Lucullu8- fighting (a8 our general), when


e - ~ - - -

classis hostium < depressa, ducibus interfectis,


the fleet of the enemy was sunk, its admirals being 8lain,
et illae incredibilis navalis pugna apud Tenedum ;
and that marwellou8 maval battle αt Tenedos;
sunt nostra< tropaea, nostra monumenta, nostra
(these) are our trophie8, our momw^ment8, our

triumpha. Qua re quorum


triumphs Therefore (I say that those men) by whose
ingeniis haec +feruntur, ab eis
talents these (exploits) αre celebrated, by them (i8)
fama Romani populi celebratur. 22 Noster
the glory of the Roman people made wlbustrious. Our onom,

Ennius fuit carus superiori Africano; -

Ennius was dear to the elder Africanus (Scipio);


itaque : etiam is putatur esse constitutus
therefore also he • 8uppo8ed to have be€m carned
148 CICERO.

e marmore in sepulchro Scipionum. At eius


in marble on the tomb of the Scipio8. But by his
laudibus certe non solum ipsi,
praïses certainly not only those (the men themselves),
qui laudantur, sed etiam nomen Romani
wöho are praîsed, but also the name of the Roman.
populi ornatur. Cato, proäviis huius,
people is honored. Cato, the great-grandfather of this
tollitur in caelum ; magnus honos adiungitur
(Cato), is eætolled to the 8k$es; great honor is attached
rebus Romani populi. IDenique, omnes
to the achievements of the Roman people. Lastly, all

illi Maximi, Marcelli, . Fulvii, decorantur,


the Maarimi, the Marcellè, (and) the Fulvii, are honored,
non siine communi laude nostrum omnium. Ergo
moet without the common prai8e of us all. Therefore
nostri maiores receperunt illum qui
(8£mce) our ancestors received him (Ennius) woho
fecerat haec, hominem Rudinum, in
had done this, a man (of) Rudiae, into (the$r)
civitatem, nos eiciemus hunc Heracliensem
city, 8hall we reject this Heracleam (Archias)
de nostra civitate, expetitum mulfs
from or* citizenship, (a man) 8ought by many
civitatibus, autem in hac constitutum
cítíes, amd also £m. thi8 (city) made a citizen

legibus?
by (our) laws ?
23 Nam si quis putat minorem fructum
For wf anyone thinks that a smaller harve8t

gloriae percipi ex Graecis versibus quam


of glory is to be derived from Greek ^erges tham

ex Latinis, vehementer errat; propterea quod


from Latin (verses), he greatly errs ; becau8e

Graeca . leguntur in fere omnibus gentibus,


Greek (verses) are read among almost al! nations,
ARCHIAS. 14«
Latina continentur suis finibus, '
Latin (writingae) are confined within their own limits, (and
exiguis §âfie. Qua re si eae
these) narrow enough without doubt. Wherefore $f these
res, quas gessimus, definiuntur
ach£evements, which we have performed, are limited (only)
regionibus orbis terrae,
by the region8 of the circle qf the earth (by the whole
debemus cupere, .quo tela
world), we ought to desire (that), wherever the weapons
nostrarum manuum pervenerint, eodem
of our hands have reached, (that into) the 8ame (place)
gloriam que famam penetrare ; quod C.

our glory and fame should eaetend; because •_no$oniy .


- • - <…*-*.
haec sunt ampla ipsis populis, de quorum
these théngs are $u$trιοιι8 to tho8e people, $. neho8e
- - - *•••••••.. * •*•.•••.
rebus scribitur, tum certe hoc est maximum
affairs it is written, Abut
- •
certainly
.*^ *• ~ ro • ••«•. - •
this is the greatest
incitanmentum et periculorum et laborum
£nducement (to encounter) both dangers and labors
eis qui dimicant de vita causâ gloriae.
to those wbho fight for léfe (and) the cause oftglory.
24 Quam multos scriptores suarum rerum ille
How many vcriter8 of his eæploits (i8) the

magnus Alexander dicitur habuisse cum se !


great Aleacam der 8oeid to have had with h£m !

Atque tamen is, cum astitisset ad tumulum


And. get he, ^them he 8tood at the grave

Achillis in Sigeo, inquit, “O fortunate adolescens,


of Achille8 om Sigeum, 8aid, “ O fortunate young man,
qui inveneris Homerum praeconem tuaevirtutis !”
vnho found a Homer tíe panegyrist of thy fame!”
Et vere : nam (nisi' illa Ilias
And truly (he spoke truly): for %&y that Iliad
;£;;
had
*
eaei8ted,
idem tumulus qui contexerat eius
the 8ame qrare which covered hi8
150 CICERO. -

corpus obruisset) etiam nomen. Quid? nonne


body would have buried even his nome. What ? did not
hic noster magnus, qui, Cum
this (he) or* oon, great (Pompey), who, when

adaequavit^ fortunam virtute, donavit Theophanenm


he equalled his fortune by his valor, present Theophanes
Mitylenaeum, scriptorum Suarum rerum,
the Mitylenaeoen, the woerùter of his eæploits,
civitate - in contione ) militum ?
with the rights ofcitizenship in an assembly of the soldiers ?
et illi nostri fortes viri, sed rustici ac
and tho8e our brave men, merely rustics and
milites, commoti quadam dulcedine gloriae,
8oldiers, rou8ed by a certain 8?deetme88 qf glory,

approbaverunt illud magno clamore, quasi participes


applauded ét by a great 8hout, a8 if participants
eiusdem laudis? 25 Itaque, credo, si
qf the 8ame praise ? Therefore, I 8uppose, $f
Archias esset non Romanus civis legibus,
Archias were mot a Romam citizen according to the laws,
tui non perficere ut donaretur
e could mot brîng (it) to prtss that he should be presented
*.

civitate ab aliquo imperatore.


with the rights of citizenship by 8ome commander (of ours).
Cum Sulla donaret Hispanos et Gallos,
When Sulla granted the Spaniards and the Gauls
credo repudiasset
(the rights of citizenship), I 8uppo8e he would have refu8ed
hunc petentem | quem 10S
h£m. 7etítíoning (for the citizenship) ? whom (Sulla) we
vidimus in contione, cum malus
(ourselves) have seen in a public assembly, when a bad
poëta de populo subiecisset ei libellum,
7)oet from (among) the people had presented him a book.
quod fecisset epigramma in eum tantummodo
because he had made an epigram qn . him only
ARCHIAS. 151

wlternis longiusculis versibus,


in alternate somewhat longer ver8e8 (with every other verse
statim iubere praemium tribui
too long), he immediately ordered a pre8ent to be given
ei €X eis rebus quas tuno vendebat,
to hîm from tho8e things which he was them 8elling,
sub ea condicione, ne scriberet quid
on this conditiom, (that) he 8hould not write angthing
postea. Qui « duxerit • sedulitatem
hereafter. ( Would not he), who thought the industry
mali poëtae tamen dignam aliquo praemio,
of a bad poet still worthy (qf) 80me reward,

expetisset ingenium et virtutem et


haòe 8ought out (to honor) the gemiu8 and ability and
(copiam in scribendo huius? 26 Quid?
eopiousness in writing of this (Archias) ? What?
-->
neue (impetravisset
could he \4 have obtained (the freedom qf the city)
8, 8üo familiarissimo, Q. Metello Pio, qui
through his most intimate (friend), Q. Metello Pius, who
donavit multos civitate, neque per
granted ~many the rights of citizenship, meither by
se, neque per Lucullos ? qui
him8elf, ^o^* by the Lucullà à who (Metellus)
praesertim usque eo cuperet scribi
e8pecially . so greatly de8oered to be written om,

de suis» rebus,
concerning hi87 affairs (to have his deeds commemorated),
ut etiam dederet suas . auris poëtis
that he also gave hi$ attemtiom to poet8
natis Cordubae, sonantibus quiddam pingue
born, at Cordova, (though) uttering something heavy
atque peregrinum.\ A$
and **; v*®®®'
- Q-
-
-

Nequef" enim est hoc dissimulandum (quod


» 0r Aemdeed i8 that to be hiddem (wohicâ
152 CICERO.

potest non obscurari), sed ferendum prae


€0?, not be concealed), but is to be brought before
nobis ; omnes trahimur studio laudis,
u8; (that) we all are influenced by a desire ofpraise,
et quisque optimus ducitur maxime
and each be&t (per8on) ' i8 led chiefly (most
gloria. Philosophi ipsi, etiam
attracted) by glory. Philo8ophers themselves, e$en,

illis libellis, quos scribunt de contemnenda


in tho8e book 8, (in) which they write about de8pi8ing
gloria, inscribunt suum nomen ; in
glory, £n8cribe their names (om the title page); at
• • • . . .. .-.~
eo ipso in quo (despiciunt • praedicationem
that same (time) in which they despise T~\ TT praîse.
que nobilitatem volunt ( praedicari \ de se,
and notoriety they wish to be mentioned themselves,
v

aC Se , nominari.> 27 Quidem Decimus Brutus,


and them&elve8 ^ mamed. Indeed Decimu8 Brutus,
ille summus vir et imperator, exofißit?
that great ^70, and commovmder, adornoed :
• ,-.
aditùs suorum templorum ac monumentorum
the entrance8 of his temple8 and monument8
carminibus : Atti, sui amicissimi.
with the ver&e8 of Attius, hi8 owrwmost intimate friend.

(And)
Iam vero, ille Fulvius, qui bellavit
lately also, that Fulviu8, who fought
eum
^cìt/

Aetolis, Ennio comitè IO


the Aetolian8, with Enniu8 a8 hi8 companion, did mot

dubitavit – conseerare _ manubias^ Martis Musis.


he&itate to consecroete the spoils of Mars to the Muses.
Qua re in ea, in qua urbe imperatores,
Wherefore ín this (city), in which city generals,
prope armati,
mearly armed^(almost in arms),
coluerunt ) thenomen
~revered mame

poëtarum et delubra Musarum, iudices


of poet8 amd the temple8 of the Mu8e8, judges
A lYCHIAS. 15:3

togati debent non abhorrere 8.

clad in the toga (of peace) ought not tqbeadverse—to


»^0**^* , \_/
honore Musarum et a salute pétâfüí.'
the honor of the Muse8 and to the 8afety qffoet8.
28 Atque, ut : faciatis id libentius,
And, that you mag do that the more willingly,
iam,
I will mow,
iudices,
0 judges,
£}:%mveetr
me vobis,
to you (reveal my
-•--**-- — - *

et confitebor. vobis (dé.


feelings to you), and I will-confe&s to you concerning
meo quodam amore gloriae, fortasse , nimis acri,
^my certain, love qf glory, perhaps too eoeger,
verum tamen honest6. ^ Nam hic attigit.
but still honorable. For this (Archias) touchedon
atque in£vit versibus 'OS
amd has begum (to celebrate) in (his) verse8 the deeds

quas nos gessimus in nostro consulatu


which I. have performed in ^my con8ulship

simul cum vobis, pro salute huius urbis, atqne


together with you, for the 8afety of this city, amd

imperi, et pro vita civium, que


the empère, and în defence qf the lèfe of the citizens, and
pro
of
£) re publica ;
<emtìre republic;
quibus
these (verses) being heard,
auditis,

quod visa est mihi magna et iucunda res,


becau8e it appeared to me a great and agreeable 8ubject,
hortatus sum hunc ad perficiendum. Enim
I encouraged hèm, to complete (the work). For
virtus
wértue
desiderat,
~desires (8eek8)
nullam
mo
aliam
other
merceden.
T reward

laborum que periculorum, praeter hanc laudis


of* labor and damger, eaecept that ofpraise

et gloriae ; ua quidem, iudices, _ detracta,


and renovom; which indeed, 0 judges, being denied,
quid est quod, in hoc tam , exiguo, et
what (reason) is there vohy, in this so small, and
154 CICERO.
—–
tam brevi ( curriculo ^ vitae, (exerceamu8
80 short (brief) ~ a period of life, we 8hould-ezert
OS in tantis laboribus ? 29 Certe si
ourselves în such labors ? Certainly $f
_„*** _- <•

animus aésentire? nihil in osterui», et Si


the mind^anticipated nothing for t/ie future, and üf
regionibus quibus spatium vitae est
withén the (same) limits in which the space of lèfe i8

circumscriptum, terminaret omnis suas cogitationes


bounded, it should confine _all @t& thoughts
_—
eisdem, nec (frangere Se
by the 8ame, it would not break:7 £t8elf (dowm)
tantis laboribus, neque angeretur
by 8uch great labor8, meîther would $t be tormented

tOt curis que vigiliis, neque totiens


with 8uch cares and watchinge, ^mor* 8o often

dimiearet de vita ipsa. Nunc quaedam


equia £t fiunt for lífe o £tself. «*•*** a certaim

virttfs insidet in quoque optimo quae


,,4% J resides (exists) in every good man which
„£g£%' J o - -

``çonéitat animum noctis et dies stimufs


ea:cite8 the mând night and day by the 8timulus
gloriae, atque admonet commemorationem
qf glory, and reminds (it) (that) the remembrance
mostri nominis esse non dimittendam ClIIm

of our (76 £8 not to be sent away (cease) with


tempore vitae, sed adaequandam cum omni
the time qf (our) life, but i8 to be made aqua? with all

posteritate. αεχω.
po8terity (will endure to all posterity).
30 An . vero omnes. videamur esse tam
(A«_$e vce then indeed all = emper, to be of such
parvi amimi, qui Ves8I

little mind (so narrow-minded), (we) who are occupied


in re publica, - atque in his
ön the republic (with affairs of the state), amd ím the8e
ARCHIAS. 155

periculis que laboribus vitae, ut cum usque ad


peril8 and labors of life, that when even to
extremum spatium duxerimus
the*eataeaoeepee* (last moment of life) we have drawn
nullum tranquillum atque otiosum spiritum,
0 tranquil and peaceful breath, (that)
arbitremur omnia moritura simul
we should think all things are to perish at the 8ame tîme
cum nobis ? Multi summi homines
wcéth, us ? Many ^most îllu8trious ^ne^,

reliquerunt studiose statuas et imagines, . . .


have left behind with care 8tatue8 and $ages,\ci' ' '
- - - L!
$l mulacra nOn animorum, sed corporum ;
<• representations not of their minds, but of their bodies;
an debemus In(jne multo` malle
ought we mot ~much more to prefer

relinquere effigiem nostrarum virtutum


to leave behind (u8) the likemess of our vîrtues

aC consiliorum expressam) et , pòlitam


and of (our) counsels wrought amd elaborated
summis ingeniis? Ego vero arbitrabar
by the greate8t genius ? I îndeed thought (that)
omnia quae gerebam, iam tum in gerendo,
oell wchich I wa8 doing. at the very moment of doing

me spargire ac disseminare
(them), (that) I was 8catteréng and dissemínatíng (them)
in sempiternam, memoriam orbis terrae. Sive
for the eternal recollection of the whole world. Either
haec vero abfutura est a meO
thi8 (remembrance) îndeed , « be ab8ent from ^my

SenSu post mortem, sive, ut sapientissimi


perception (8oul) after death, or, a8 the ^cìsest

homines putaverunt, r pertinebit ad aliquam


^nen, have thought, it will*apperta$- to . . 80^ e.
- **-**.... • '^^, *€• ^ * ' ' .
partem Inel. Nunc cérte** quidem
portíon of myself. Now truly £ndeed
156 CICERO. -

delector uadam > cogitatione que


Iam delighted woith 8omne 8uch thought and

spe.
hope.
8l Qua re, iudices, conservate hominem e0

Wherefore, 0 judges, preserve a man (qf) such


pudore, quem videtis conprobari cum dignitate
^mode8ty, whom you see approved as well by the worth
amicorum, tum etiam vetustate;
of his friends, 08 also by th - (of.
- $v*v~
autem tanto iiigeiiio quantum
their.friendship); but qf 8o great talent 08

id convenit existimari, quod videatis


£t i8 agreed to be appreciated which you mag 8ee
eSSe expetitum ingeniis
ha& been 8ought after by the intellects (of 8ome)
summorum hominum ;
of the greate8t men (This genius was highly appreciated
by illustrious men who possessed great talents themselves);
causâ vero eiusmodi, quae comprobatur
(hî8) cause îndeed ($8 one) of thi8 kind, which i8 e8tablished
beneficio legis, auctoritate
by the benevolence of the law, by the authority
municipi, testimonio ILuculli,
of the municipality, by the testimony of Lucullu8, (and)
tabulis Metelli. Cum quae sint
by the register8 of Metellus. Since these things a^re

ita, petimus a vobis, iudices, si debet esSe


eo, we entreat of you, O judges, $f there 8hould bé

qua commendatio, non modo


any (weight attached to) recommendation, mot only

humana, verum etiam divina, iu tantis negotiis,


hwman, but al8o divine, in 8uch great affairs,
ut accipiatis eum sic in vestram fidem,
that you wpould receive him 8o under your
*
protection,
ut videatur esse levatus vestra humanitate,
that he mag 8eem to be relieved by your humanity,
ARCHIAS. 157

potius quam wiolatus acerbitate, qui


rather than ünjured by your severity, (he) who has
semper ornavit vos, qui vestrOS
always honored you, (he) veho (has made famou8)
your
imperatores, qui gestas reS
commanders, wbho (has commemorated) the thing performed
Romani populi, qui etiam
(the achievements) of the Homan people, ucho al8o

profitetur se esse daturum aeternum testimonium


promísed (that) he is to give an eternal te88imony
laudum, his nostris recentibus, que vestris
of praise, in the8e 0??* recent (peril8), and your

domesticis periculis, que qui est eo numero


cïvïl dangers, and who i8 in that number (one
ui semper sunt habiti atque
of those poets) voho have always been con8idered and .

dicti sancti apud omnis. 32 Quae


called holy among all (nation8). The8e things
de causa - dixi pro mea

concerning the cau8e I have 8poken according to my


consuetudine, iudices, breviter que simpliciter,
cu8tom, 0judges, briefly amd simply, (and)
confido ۉ, probata esse omnibus
I tru8t (that) the8e thángs have been approved by all
quae locutus sum non " consuetudine-,
(of you) which I have 8poken, ^ot ín accordanee
fori, neque iudiciali, et de
with the forum, nor judicial (practice), both concerning
ingenio hominis, et communiter de ipsius.
the talemts of the man, and in general-' respecting hi8

studio, ea, iudices, spero esse accepta.


pursuit*, the8e things, 0judges, Ihope (to) have been received
• & . . *~****** ** •

in boiiam partem ; certe S0l0 ab.


£n good part; I certainly know (they have) by
eo qui exercet iudicium.
λίm who ea:ercises jurísdiction (who presides at this trial).
158 CICERO,

THE MANILIAN ILAW.

1 Quamquam conspectus vester frequens


Although the 8ight (qf) your numerous (assembly)
semper est visus mihi, Quirites, multo
~has always appeared to me, 0 Roman8, by far
iucundissimus, autem hic locus
the most agreeable (8ight), moreover this place
amplissimus ad agendum, ornatissimus
the most dignified for public action, (and) the most honorable
ad dicendum, tamen, hoe aditu laudis,
{0 8peak (ín), however, from thi8 avenue to praise,
qui semper maxime patuit cuique optimo,
vohich wag always especially opem to each di8tinguished mam,
non mea voluntas, sed rationes meae vita susceptae
not my will, but the rule8 of my life adopted
ab ineunte aetate prohibnerunt me. Nam
from the first time (în my career) held me back. For

cum antea, per aetatem, auderem nondum


when heretofore, on account of my age, I dared not yet

attingere auctoritatem huius loci,. que statuerem,


a8pire to the dignity of this place, and I determined
nihil oportere afferri huc nisi
(that) nothing ought to be brought to this place unless (it)
perfectum ingenio elaboratum industria,
vere perfected by talent (and) elaborated by indu8try,
utavi Omne meum tempus
I thought (that) all ^my tîme

transmittendum temporibus amicorum. 2 Ita


vas to be given over to the affair8 of my friends. So
THE MANILIAN ILAW, 159

neque fuit hic locus umquam vacuus ab eis


neither was this place ever unoccupíed by those
qui defenderent vestram causam, et meus
who defended your cau8e (and intere8t8), and my
labor versatus caste que integre in periculis
labor employed faithfully and honestly in the dangers
privatorum, est consecutus amplissimum
of prívate (individual$), hoe8 obta$ned the mo8t ample
fructum ex vestro iudicio. Nam cum propter
revoard from your judgment. For when om account oj*
dilationem : comitiorum, renuntiatus, sum
the adjournment qfthe comitia, Iwa8 declared (elected)
ter primus praetor cunctis centuriis,
three t£me8 (a8) first praetor by all the centuries,
facile intellexi, Quirites, et qui !
I readily understood (from thi8), 0 Romans, both wohwt
iudicaretis de me, et quid praescriberetis aliig.
you thought of me, and what you pre8cribed to other}.
Et nunc, cum sit tantum auctoritatis in me
And now, 8ínce there i8 8o much authority £m. me

quantum vos voluistis eSSe mandandis


c& gyou have willed (that) there 8hould be by a88igning
honoribus, et tantum facultus ad
honor, amd 8o much capacity (and fitne88) for

agendum quantum prope cotidiana exercitatio


public action o8 the almo8t daily eaeercise

dicendi potuit afferre vigilanti homini, ex


of speaking could brìng to an $ndu8triou8 man, from
sl forensi, et certe si est quid
the practice (of the) bar, and certainly $f there is any
auctoritatis in me, utar ea apud eos qui
authority in me, I will use it before tho8e who

dederunt eam mihi, et si etiam possunm


conferred this (authority) on me, and £f beside8 I can

consequi quid dicendo, ostendam


effect anything by 8peaking, I will display it
160 CICERO,

potissimum eis qui quoque censuerunt suo


mo8t e8pecially to those who al8o have thought by their
iudicio fructum tribuendum esse el

opinion (that) a reward ought to be given (me) for this


rei. 3 Atque video illud in primis
thing. And I8ee (that) that ém, particular
laetandum esse mihi iure, quod in hac mihi
ought to rejo$ce ~me rightly, that in this for me
insolita ratione dicendi, ex hoc loco, talis
unusual mode of 8peoeking, (and) from this place, 8uch
causa oblata est, in qua oratio potest
a cau8e i8 offered (to me), in which argument8 could
deesse nemini. Enim dicendum est de singulari
faél no one. For the discu88ion i8 to be about the 8ingular
que eximia virtute Cn. Pompei ; huius orationis
and eminent valor of Cn. Pompey; qf this discourse
est difficilius invenire exitum quam principium.
ét i8 more difficult to find an end than a beginning.
Ita non tam ^ copia quam modus in
Therefore not so much diffusion as compression in
dicendo quaerendum est. \
8peaking i8 to be 8oughtfor. \
4 Atque—ut mea oratio `proficiscatur inde.
And- that my oration mag proceed from thence,
unde omnis haec causa ducitur—grave et,
whence all this affair is derived-a 8eriou8 and

periculosum bellum infertur vestris vectigalibus


damgerou8 ^do, r* i8 waged again8t your revemnte8

atque sociis a duobus potentissimis regibus,


amd allies by tabo mo8t powerful kings,

Mithridate et Tigrane, alter quorum relictus,


Mithridates and Tigranes, the one qf vohom being left
alter lacessitus,
(wnmolested), the other provoked (by your attacks),
arbitrantur occasionem oblatum esse sibi ad
(who) think (that) an opportunity is offered to them to
—/
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 161

occupandam Asiam. Iitterae cotidie afferuntur


8eize A8ia. Letters are daily brought
ex Asia Romanis equitibus, honestissimis viris,
from Asia to Roman knights, most honorable men,
quorum res,
magnae occupatae
of whom (belonging to whom) great 8um 8 of money, employed
in exercendis vestris vectigalibus, aguntur ; qui
in collecting your révémw&8, are at stake; who
pro necessitudine quae est mihi cum illo
on account qf the conneaeion which I have with that
ordine detulerunt ad me causam rei publicae,
order (of knights) brought to me the cau8e ofthe republîc,
que pericula suarum rerum ; 5 Bithyniae,
and the danger& oftheir (private) fortune8; ün Bithynia,
quae est nunc vestra provincia, compluris
wbh$ch is now your province, (it is 8aid that) many

vicos exustos esse ; regnum Ariobarzanis,


villages have been burnt; (that) the kingdom of Ariobarzanes,
quod finitimum est vestris vectigalibus, esse totum
^dhūch borders om, gyour tributarie8, is , entirely
in potestate hostium ; Lucullum, gestis
£n the power of the enemy; (that) Lucullus, having performed
magnis rebus, discedere ab eo bello; huic
great eaeploits, $8 retérïng from that war; (that) he
qui successerit On satis
^cho 8ucceeded (Lucullu8) ha8 not Been sufficiently
paratum esse ad administrandum tantum
furnished (with means) for conducting 8o great
bellum ; tlllnm deposci atque
a war; (that) ome person (Pompey) £« demanded and

expeti ab omnibus sociis et civibus imperatorem


required by all allées and citizens (a8) the commonder
ad id bellum, hunc eundem unum metui
for that war, (that) this same índividual $8 feared
ab hostibus, praeterea neminem.
by the ememy, (amd) besides (him) no one.
11
162 * °£RO.

6 Videtis quae sit causa ; nunc considerate


You see wchat i8 the cause; now con8ider

quid sit agendum. Videtur mihi primum


nbhat £8 to be dome. It 8eem 8 to me (thoet) first
dicendum esse de genere belli, deinde
I 8hould 8peak of the nature of the war, afterwards
de magnitudine, tum de imperatore
of (its) magnitude, (and) them of the commander
diligendo. Genus belli est eius modi
to be cho8en. The nature of the war i8 of that kind
quod debeat maxime excitare atque inflammare
which Ought very greatly to eæcite and to inflame
vestros animos ad studium persequendi ;
your minds to the zealou8 desíre of carrying it on;

in quo gloria Romani populi agitur,


. £n which the glory of the I?oman people i8 at stake,
quae tradita est vobis a maioribus,
which has beem handed down to you by (your) amcestors,
cum magna in omnibus rebus, tum summa in
both great ín all things, and the greate8t £m.

militari re; salus sociorum atque amicorum


^military affaérs; the 8afety qf our allies and friends
agitur, pro qua vestri maiores gesserunt multa
ès at stake, for which your ance8tor8 waged ^mamy

magna et gravia bella ; certissima et maxima


great and serious wars; the mo8t 8ure and greate8t
vectigalia Romani populi aguntur ; quibus
^*€^€???e8 of the Homan people are at 8take; $f the8e
amissis, requiretis et ornamenta pacis et
are lo8t, you will meed both the ornaments ofpeace and
subsidia belli; bona multorum civium
the 8ub8idie8 of war; the property of many cìtìzem&

aguntur, quibus consulendum est a vobis, et


@8 at 8take, for which care $8 to be taken by you, both
OS, ipsorum et rei publicae.
for the 8ake of tho8e intere8ted and (for the 8ake) qfthe republíc.
TEIE MANILIAN ILAW. 163

7 Et quoniam semper fuistis appetentes


And becau8e you alway8 have been, 8eekers

gloriae, atque avidi laudis praeter ceteras


after glory, and eager for praise beyond (all). other

gentis, illa macula, suscepta superiore Mithridatico


nations, that 8tain, rece$ved in the former Mîthridatic
bello, delenda est vobis, quae iam insedit
war, is to be effaced by you, which (8tain) nouo has 8ettlea
penitus atque inveteravit in
deep and established (itself) by length of time 0,

nomine Romani populi, quod is


the mame of the Roman people, thoet he (Mithridates)
qui, uno die, in tota Asia, in tot civitatibus,
who, in one day, in all Asia, in so many 8tate8,

denotavit uno nuntio, atque significatione


designated by α 8ingle me88enger, and by the 8ignification
una litterarum Romanos civis trucidandos
(order) alone by letter Homam citizens to be butchered

que necandos, non modo adhuc suscepit


and put to death, not only a8 yet has (not) rece$$ed
ullam poenam dignam scelere, sed
any puni8hmnent commensurate with the créme, but

iam regnat, tertium et vicesimum annum


he novo reigns, (in the) three and twentîeth . yeoer

ab - illo tempore, et regnat, ita


from that time (of the massacre), and he reigns, so
ut non velit occultare se Ponto,
that he doe8 not pretend to hóde himself in Pontu8,
neque latebris Cappadociae, sed
mor in the lurking place8 of Cappadocia, but (he seeks)
emergere e patrio regno, atque versari
to emerge from his hereditary kingdom, and to carry on
in vestris vectigalibus, hoc
(hi8 warlike operations) among your tributaries, that
est, in luce Asiae. 8 Etenim adhuc vestri
£8, in the view of (all) Asia. For umtil now your
164 CICERO.

imperatores ita contenderunt cum illo rege,


generalè have 8o contem ded with that king,

ut reportarent ab illo insignia victoriae,


that they carried off from him the tokens of victory,
non victoriam. I. Sulla triumphavit,
mot victory (itself). L. Sulla triumphed,
IL. Murena triumphavit de Mithridate, duo
L. Murena, triumphed oper* Mithrìdates, tado

fortissimi viri, et summi imperatores ; sed


~mo8t valiant men, amd the greate8t commanders; but
triumpharunt ita, ut ille, pulsus que
they triumphed 8o, that he, although repulsed and
superatus, regnaret. Verum tamen laus est
defeated, 8till reigned. But indeed praise $8

tribuenda illis imperatoribus quod egerunt ;


to be given to tho8e generalè (for) what they did;
venia danda quod reliquerunt,
pardon is to be granted (for) what they left undone,
propterea quod res publica revocavit Sullam
becau8e the republic ~ecalled Sulla

ab eo bello in Italiam, Sulla


from that war to Italy, (amd) Sulla (recalled)
Murenam.
Mwrema.
9 Autem Mithridates contulit omne reliquum
But Mithrìdates employed all the intervening

tempus, non ad oblivionem veteris belli, sed ad


time, not £n forgetfulness of the former war, but in
comparationem novi ; qui, cum aedificasset
preparation for a nemo (par); who, wphen he had built
que ornasset maximas classis, que eomparasset
and equipped very great fleets, amd a88embled

permagnos exercitus, ex quibuscumque gentibus


very large armie8, from wdhoetever natioms

potuisset, et simulasset Se
he could, amd pretended (that) he (wa8 about)
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 165

inferre bellum Bosporanis, suis


to wage ^do^* against the people om the Bosphorus, . hi8
finitimis, misit legatos ac litteras usque in
meighbors, 8ent amba88ador& and letter8 even tO

Hispaniam ad eos duces cum quibus tum


Spain, to tho8e leoeders with . whom then we were

gerebamus bellum, . ut, cum bellum gereretur


waging war, 8o that, whem the war wa8 carried om.
terra que mari in duobus disiunctissimis, que
by land and by 8ea in twco videly 8eparated, amd

maxime diversis locis, uno consilio


very di88imilar place8, with one (and the 8ame) plan
a binis copiis hostium, vos, districti ancipiti
by two armie8 of the enemy, you, occupied by a double
contentione, dimicaretis de imperio.
comte8t, might have to fight for the empöre (itself).
lO Sed tamen periculum alterius partis,
But however the damger of the one 8ide, (namely,)
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
from Sertoriu8 and Spain,
quae habebat
^dh£ch had
multo
much

plus firmamenti ac roboris, depulsum est


^more 8tability and 8trength, wa8 warded off
divino consilio aC singulari virtute
by the divine wisdom amyd singular valor

Cn. Pompei ; in altera parte, reS

of Cn. Pompey; on the other `side, (in Asia,) the affair


ita administrata est a L. Lucullo, Summo
^do,8 *o ~managed by L. Lucullus, a most distinguished
viro, ut illa magna atque praeclara initia
qnam, that tho8e great and brilliant beginnings

gestarum rerum videantur esse tribuenda, non eius


of his eaploits 86, to be attributed, not to hi8
felicitati, sed virtuti, autem haec extrema,
good fortune, but to h£8 valor, but the$e latter

quae nuper acciderunt,


(reversee), öhich lately have happened, (aeem to be
166 CICERO.

O culpae, sed fortunae.


attríbuted,) not to any fault of his, but to (bad) fortune.
Sed de Lucullo dicam ' alio loco, et
But of Lucullu8 I shall speak in another place, and
ita dicam, Quirites, ut videatur
I 8hall 8o 8peak (of him), 0 Roman8, that it mag 8eem
. neque vera laus detracta ei nostra
(that) neither true praise ha8 been taken from him by my
oratione, neque falsa adficta esse.
words, mor* fal8e (praise) to have been bestowed
ll De dignitate atque gloria
(om hóm). Concerning the dignity and the glory
vestri imperi—quoniam is est exorsus neae

of your empire— ^8 that i8 the beginning of my


orationis— videte, quem animum putetis
oration- consider, what (feelings of) mind you thir, k
suspiciendum vobis.
ought to be entertained by you.
Vestri maiores saepe gesserunt bella
Your ancestors qften - waged wars (om account qf
mercatoribus ac naviculariis iniuriosius
the$r) merchants and 8eoefaring men having been ungustly
tractatis ; quo animo debetis vos esse,
treated; in what (8tate of) mind ought you to be,
tandem, tot milibus Romanorum civium
«tt length, when 80 many thou8amds of Roman citizem&

necatis, uno . nuntio, atque uno tempore?


have been 8lain, by one me88emger, and at one tìme ?

Vestri patres voluerunt Corinthum, lumen


Your ance8tors resolved (that) Corinth, the light
totius Graeciae, extinctum esse quod
of all Greece, 8hould be eætínguished becau8e (your)
legati erant superbius appellati ; VOS
ambassadors were too haughtily addressed; will you
patiemini eum regem esse inultum, qui necavit
8uffer that king to be unpunished, inho murdered
THE MANILIAN LAW. 167
legatum Romani populi, consularem,
an ambassador of the Roman people, of consular rank,
excruciatum vinculis ac verberibus,
(after being) tortured by chains amd 8courgîng,
atque omni supplicio? Illi
amd all (kinds of) punishment8? They (your
non tulerunt libertatem Romanorum
ancestors) did not 8uffer the liberty of Homan
civium imminutam ; vos neglegetis
citizen8 to be infringed; will you neglect (to avenge)
vitam ereptam ? Illi persecuti sunt ius i
the lèfe takem ? They avenged the right
legationis, violatum verbo;
of an embQ88y, (when) v$olated (only) by a word;
VOS relinquetis legatum interfectum
will you leoeve unavenged an amba88ador put to death
omni supplicio? 12 Videte, ne, ut fuit
by all (kinds of) torture ? See to ít, le8t, a8 it wa8
pulcherrimum illis relinquere vobis
a mo8t illustrious (thing) for them to leqve to you

tantam gloriam imperi, sic sit turpissimum


so great a glory of empère, so it mag be a most shameful
vobis, non posse tueri et conservare
(thing) for you, mot to be able to defend and to preserve
id quod accepistis.
that vbhich you have rece$ved (from them).
Quid? quo animo tandem debetis ferre
What? with what feelings finally ought you endure
quod salus sociorum ' vocatur in summum
that the 8afety of the allies is placed ín the greate8t
periculum ac discrimen ? Rex Ariobarzanes, socius
danger and hazard ? King Ariobarzanes, the ally
atque amicus Romani populi, expulsus est
and .friend of the Roman people, has been driven

regno; duo reges imminent toti Asiae,


from his kingdom; two kings threaten all A8ia,
168 CICERO. .

non solum inimicissimi vobis, sed etiam


(who are) not only most hostile to you, but al8o

vestris sociis atque amicis; autem omnes civitates,


to your allies and friends; but all the cities,

cuncta Asia atque Graecia, propter magnitudinem


entire A8ia and Greece, on account of the magnitude

periculi, coguntur expectare vestrum auxilium ;


of the danger, are forced to await gour a88i8tance ;

deposcere certum imperatorem,


to request a certain (particular) commander, (Pompey,)
vobis, cum praesertim vos miseritis alium,
from you, when e8pecially you have 8ent another,
neque audent neque arbitrantur posse
they neither dare nor* 8uppo8e (that) they could
facere id, sine summo periculo. 13 Vident
do üt, without the greatest danger. They see
et sentiunt hoc idem, quod vos
and feel thi8 8ame thimg, which you (do, that)
esse unum virum, in quo sint omnia summa,
there $8 ome man, £m vohom are all the highest
et eum esse prope, quo etiam
(qualitie8), and (that) he i8 near, whom al8o
carent, aegrius; cuius ipso adventu atque
they desére very impatiently; by hi8 very arrival amd

nomine, tametsi ille venerit ad maritimum bellum,


'noeme, although he coe^ne to a maritime ^da^*,

tamen intellegunt impetus hostium esse


yet they perceive (that) the attacks of the enemy ^cere
repressos ac retardatos. Hi rogant vos tacite,
repre88ed amd retarded. The8e entreat you silently,
quoniam licet non loqui libere, ut quoque
becau8e they may not 8peoek freely, that you would also
existimetis se dignos, sicut socios ceterarum
con$ider them worthy, a8 the oellies of other
provinciarum, quorum salutem commendetis tali
provinces, whose 8afety you confide to 8uch
THE MANILIAN ILAW 169

viro; atque hoc etiam


a man (as Pompey); ' and ' for this (reason) al8o

magis quam ceteros, quod mittimus homines


the more tham the others, becau8e we 8emd (6,

eius modi in provinciam cum imperio,


of that 8ort £nto thi8 province with military authority,
ut etiam si defendant ab hoste,
(80) that even êf they defend (them) from the enemy,
tamen ipsorum adventus in urbes sociorum
yet the$r arrival among the towns qf the allie8
non differant multum ab hostili expugnatione.
doe8 mot differ ^much from a ho8tile capture.
Audiebant hunc antea, nunc vident
They heard (of) him before, nouo they 8ee (him)
praesentem, tanta temperantia, tanta
pre8ent, (a man) of 80 much moderation, of 8o much
mansuetudine, tanta humanitate, ut ei
^mildne88, of 8o much humanity, that tho86

videantur esse beatissimi apud quos ille


8e€¢ to be the mo8t fortunate among whom h6
commoratur diutissime.
80journs the longe8t time.
14 Qua re, si vestri maiores, propter
Wherefore, $f your ancestors, on account (of their)
socios, ipsi lacessiti nulla iniuria,
allie8, (although) them&elve8 provoked by mo $njury,
gesserunt bella cum Antiocho, cum Philippo, cum
waged wars with Antíochus, vo$th, Philip, with

Aetolis, Cln Poenis, . quanto studio


the Aetolian8, with the Carthaginian8, with wohat zeai
convenit vos, provocatos iniuriis, defendere
doe8 it become you, provoked by ínjurie8, to defend
salutem sociorum, una cum dignitate
the 8afety of (your) allie8, together with the dignity
vestri imperi, praesertim cum agatur de
of your empire, &8pecially 8ince the trouble involve8
170 ' ' CICERO.

vestris maximis vectigalibus? Nam vectigalia


your greate8t revemue8? For the revenues
ceterarum provinciarum, Quirites, sunt tanta
qf the other – provinces, O Romans, are (only) 8o great
ut possimus vix esse contenti ad tutandas
that - we can 8carcely find them 8ufficient for defending
provincias ipsas ; Asia vero est tam opima et
the province8 them&elve8; A8ia indeed i8 80 fertile and
fertilis ut facile antecellat omnibus
productive that (t) ea8iiy eæcel8 all (other)
terris, et; ubertate agrorum et varietate
countries, both in the richne88 qf its 8oil and the variety
fructuum, et magnitudine pastionis, et
of its fruit8, and by the eaetent of its pa8ture8, amd

multitudine earum rerum quae exportantur.


by the multitude of tho8e things which are eaeported.
Itaque, Quirites, haec provincia, si voltis
Therefore, . 0 Roman8, this province, £f you wis';
sustinere et utilitatem belli, et
to 8u8ta$n both its u8efulneas (in tíme) of war, and (its)
dignitatem pacis, est non modo defendenda vobis
dignity £n peace, is not only to be defended by you
calamitate, sed etiam 8 metu
from calamity, bwt al8o from (even) the fear

calamitatis. l5 Nam in ceteris rebus, cum


of calamity. For in other things, when (ang)
calamitas venit, tum detrimentum accipitur ; at
calamity arráve8, them, damage £8 rece$ved; but
in vectigabilus . non solum adventus mali, sed
in revenue affair$ not only the arrival of evil, but
etiam metus ipse, affert calamitatem. Nam
al8o the fear itself (of it), brîngs calamity. For

cum copiae hostium non longe absunt,


mohen the forces of the enemy are mot far di8tant,

etiam si nulla inruptio sit facta, tamen pecuaria


even if* mo £n/road be made, however the flocks
THE MANILIAN LAW, 171

relinquuntur, agri cultura deseritur, navigatio


are abandoned, agriculture is deserted, . commerce

mercatorum conquiescit. Ita neque ex


of merchants ceases to be active. So (that) neither from
portu, neque ex decumis,
port (duties on exports and imports), nor from the tithes
neque ex scriptura,
(on agricultural produce), nor from the pasture tar,
potest vectigal conservari; qua re saepe
C0L70 (any) revenue be preserved; wherefore often
fructus totius anni amittitur uno rumore
the produce of an entire year is lost by a single rumor
periculi, atque uno terrore belli. 16 Tandem,
of danger, and by the mere fear of war. In fine,
quo animo existimatis aut eos
in what (state of) mind do you think (that) either those
esse, qui pensitant vectigalia nobis, aut eos qui
are, who pay duties to us, or those who
exercent atque exigunt, cum duo reges cum
collect and ea act (them), when two kings with
maximis copiis prope adsint? Cum una excursio
very large forces are nearly present? When one sally
equitatus , possit, perbrevi tempore, auferre
of cavalry may, in a very short time, carry off
vectigal totius anni? Cum publicani
the revenue ofthe whole year ? When the farmers of the revenue
arbitrentur se habere magno periculo
think (that) they maintain at a great (risk

maximas familias, quas habent in


very great companies (of slaves), which they have in
saltibus, quas in agris, quas
the forests, which (they have) in the fields, which (they have)
in portubus, atque custodiis? Putatisne,
in the harbors, and in the custom-houses ? Do you think
vos posse frui illis rebus, nisi
(that) 4/Ott C(l7l, enjoy those things, unless
172 CICERO.

conservaveritis eos qui sunt fructui vobis


you preserve those who are (thu8) useful to you
(ut dixi antea), non solum liberatos calamitate,
(ae Isaid before), not only , freed from calamity,
sed etiam formidine calamitatis?
but also from the dread qf calamity ?
17 Ac illud quidem ne neglegendum est vobis
And that índeed is not to be neglected by you
quod ego proposueram mihi extremum,
wöhich I had proposed to myself (a8) the la&t thing (to be
ce essem dicturus de
mentioned), when I was coming to 8peak concerning
genere belli, quod pertinet ad
the kind of war, (namely, that) which appertains to
bona multorum Romanorum civium, quorum, ae

the property of many H?oman citizen8, qf whom,


Quirites, pro vestra sapientia, ratio
0 Homan8, in proportion to your wisdom, account i8
diligenter habenda est vobis. Nam et
e8pecially to be taken, by you. For- exem,

publicani, honestissimi atque ornatissimi


the farmers of the revenue, honorable and accomplished
homines, contulerunt suas rationes et copias in
mem, have transferred their means and wealth into
illam provinciam, eS et fortuna quorum
that provìnce, (and) the property and fortune of these
ipsorum debent esse, per se, Orae
very men ought to be, om theír owm account, o, ca're

vobis. Etenim si semper duximus vectigalia


to you. For- $f ape have alway8 8upposed the revenue8
eSSe nervos rei publicae, certe dicemus
to be the 8inew8 of the republîc, we certainly 8hall 8ay
eum ordinem, qui exercent illa, esse recte
that cla88 of men, who collect them, ore rightly

firmamentum ceterorum ordinum. 18 Deinde, gnavi


the 8upport of the other orders. In the meaet place, active
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 173

et industrii homines ex ceteris ordinibus,


and industrious men from the other orders, (who)
partim ipsi negotiantur in Asia, quibus, absentibus,
partly them&elve8 traffic ín A8ia, whom, though absent,
debetis consulere ; partim eoruni habent
you ought to take care qf; partly of those (who) have
magnas pecunias conlocatas in ea provincia.
great 8um 8 of money placed @n that province.
Igitur erit, vestrae humanitatis prolibere
Therefore it will be the duty of your humanity to &hield

magnum numerum eorum civium calamitate,


a great number of tho8e citizens from mi8fortune,
sapientiae videre
(ít will be the duty of your) wisdom to perceive (that)
calamitatem multorum civium posse non esse seiumotam
the mi8fortune qf many citizen8 coen not be 8eparated
â re publica. Etenim illud primum
from (that of) the republic. For* that at first

refert parvi, vos recuperare postea,


@8 qf lîttle importance, (that) you recOper* hereafter,
victoria, vectigalia amissa publicanis.
by a victory, the revenue8 lo8t by the farmer* thereof.
Enim erit neque facultas isdem
For there will not be the means with these 8ame (farmers
redimendi, propter calamitatem,
of the revenue) for collecting, om account of the calamity,
neque voluntas aliis, propter
nor (will there be amy) desire to others, on account of

timorem. 19 Deinde, quod eadem Asia, atque


thefear. Neaet, that which thés 8ame A8$a, amd

iste idem Mithridates docuit nos initio


this very same Mithridates taught u$ in the begînnîng
Asiatici belli, id quidem debemus certe
of the Asiatic war, that indeed we ought certainly
retinere memoria, docti calamitate. Nam
to retain in our memory, taught by calamity. F'oq.
174 CICERO.

scimus , tum, cum permulti amiserant magnas


we know (that) then, when very many had lost large
res, fidem concidisse Romae, solutione
fortunes, credit fell at Rome, the pagment (ofdebts)
impedita. Enim multi possunt non amittere em

being höndered. For mang cam not lose their property


atque fortunas in una civitate ut non trahunt plures
and fortunes in a city 80 a8 not to draw | many
Cum Se in eandem calamitatem. A quo
with themselves into the 8ame calamity. From this

periculo, prohibete rem publicam, et credite mihi


mi8fortune, - defend the republic, and entrust to me
id quod ipsi videtis; haec fides, atque
that which you yourwelve8 perceive; thi8 credit, and
haec ratio pecuniarum, quae versatur Romae, quae
this state _ offinances, which eaeiste at Rome, vchich
in foro, implicata est cum illis Asiaticis
(eaei8t8) in the forum, i8 bound up with tho8e Asiatie
pecuniis, et cohaeret. Illa
εmvestrment8, and clings (to them). Tho8e (investrment8)
possunt non ruere, ut haec,
coe^, 70t be lo8t, (but) that these (money affair8 in
labefactata motu,
eodum lO
Rome), being shaken by the 8ame movement, would not
concidant. Qua re videte num vobis
fall (with them). Wherefore con&ider £f gyou

dubitandum sit incumbere omni studio ad


ought to hesitate to apply yourselves with all zeal t0

id bellum, in quo gloria vestri nominis, salus


that war, $n which the glory of your name, the safety
sociorum, maxima vectigalia, fortunae
of your allie8, your greate8t revenues, (and) thefortunes
plurimorum civium, eum re publica, defendantur.
èf many citizens, with the republie, are defended.
20 Quoniam dixi de genere belli,
Sinee I have spoken concerning the nature of the war,
THE MANII,IAN LAW, 175

nunc dicam pauca de . magnitudine.


I now will 8ay a few (words) concerning - ita magnitude.
Enim hoc potest dici ; - esse genus , belli;
For this mag be 8aid (of it); (that it) i8 a kind of war.
ita necessarium ut sit gerendum, esse non ita
8o . mece88ary that it mu8t be waged, but is mot 8tae

magnum ut sit pertimescendum. In quo, est


great that it is to be feared greatly. In this, it is
maxime laborandum, ne ' forte
principally to be 8ought for (by me), le8t by chamce
ۉ videantur vobis esse contemnenda, quae
tho8e things mag 8eem to you to be disregarded, which
diligentissime providenda sunt. Atque ut.
are mo8t diligently to be provided again8t. And that

omnes intellegant me impertire L. Lucullo


all ^may understand (that) I bestow on L. Lucullu8

tantum laudis quantum debeatur forti viro, et


8o much prai8e o8 $8 due to a brave man, and

sapientissimo homini, et magno imperatori, dico,


to a wise ^mam, and to a great general, I8ay (that),
eius adventu, maximas copias Mithridates
on his arrival, the tremendous forces of Mithridates
fuisse ornatas atque instructas omnibus rebus, que
were equipped and 8upplied with all things, and
urbem Cyzicenorum, clarissimam
(that) the town of the Cyzicenian8, the mo8t celebrated

Asiae, que amicissimam nobis, obsessam esse ab


of Asia, amd mostfriendly to t&, wa8 besieged by
rege ipso, maxima multitudine,
the king himself, with a very great multitude (of troops),
et vehementissime oppugnatum, quam . L. Lucullus
and mo8t violently a88aulted, which (town) L. Lucullus,
liberavit summis periculis obsidionis virtute,
relieved from the greate8t , dangers of 8iege by his valor,
assiduitate, consilio ; 2l ab eodem
perseverance, (and) counsel; (and that) . . by th6 8am6
176 CICERo.

imperatore magnam et ornatam classem


general (Lucullus) a large and well-equipped fleet
superatam esse atque depressam, quae, inflammata
wa8 defeated amd 8unk, which, inflamed
studio, raperetur ad
with am eager desére (for vengeance), was hurried on toward
Italiam Sertorianis ducibus; praeterea magnas
Italy by Sertoriam leaders; moreover (that) large
copias hostium deletas esse multis proeliis;
forces ofthe enemy were destroyed in many battle8;
que Pontum patefactum esse nostris legionibus, qui
and (that) Pontus wa8 opened to our legions, which
ante clausus fuisset Romano populo, ex omni
before had been shut to the Romam people, on all (its)
aditu ; Sinopen atque Amisum, in quibus
approache8; that Sinope and Ami8u8, in vchich,

oppidis erant domicilia regis, ornata atque referta


towns were the palaces of the king, adorned and filled
omnibus rebus, que permultas ceteras urbis Ponti
with all things, and very many other towns qf Pontu8
et Cappadociae captas esse, uno aditu
and of Cappadocia were taken, by his mere approacii
atque adventu ; regem, spoliatum patria
and arrival; (that) the king, deprived of his paternoel

atque avito regno, contulisse se supplicem ad


and ancestral kingdom, betook himself as a suppliant to
alios reges, atque ad alias gentis ; atque omnia
other kings, and to other mations; and (that) all.

haec gesta esse, sociis Romani populi


this was performed, (while) the allies of the Roman people
salvis, atque vectigalibus integris. Opinor
were safe, and the revenues adere undèmìnìshed. I thêm:

hoc esse satis laudis, atque ita,


(that) this is enough prai8e, and ao (delíered),
Quirites, ut VOS intellegatis hoc,
O Roman8, that you mag understand this, (that)
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 177

L. ILucullum laudatum esse similiter, ex hoc


L. Lucullus has been praised in like manner, from this
loco, a nullo istorum qui obtrectant
place (the rostrum), by none qf those who object
huic legi atque causae.
to this law and cause (of giving the commond to Pompey).
22 Fortasse nunc requiretur, quem ad modum,
Perhaps it will mow be asked, howo,
CUm haec sint ita, magnum bellum possit
8£mce these things o^re 80, a great Doer* co??,

esse feliquum. Cognoscite, Quirites; enim


remaùm. H(mowo (then), 0 Homan8; for

hoc videtur quaeri non sine causa. Primum


thi8 8eem8 to be a8ked not without rea8on. H£rst

Mithridates sic profugit ex suo regno, ut illa


Mithrìdates 80 fled from his kingdom, a8 that

Medea dicitur quondam profugisse ex eodem


Medea, $8 8aid 0706 to have fled from this same

Ponto, quam, praedicant, in fuga - dissipavisse


Pontu8, who, they 8ay, in her flight 8trewed about
membra sui fratris, in eis locis qua
the limbs of her brother, $n tho8e places where (her)
parens persequeretur se, ut dispersa collectio
father would follow - her, that the dispersed collection
eorum que patrius maeror retardaret celeritatem
of them and paternal grief might retard the quicknes8
persequendi. Sic Mithridates fugiens, reliquit
of his pur&uit. ' Thus Mithridates fiying, left
in Ponto omnem maximam vim auri
$m, Pontu$ all (that)' great abundance of gold

atque argenti, que omnium pulcherrimarum


amd of silver, and of all (those) mo8t beautêful
rerum, quas et acceperat a maioribus,
things, which he had both ínherited from his ancestors,
et ipse congesserat in suum regnum,
and he hîmself had collected together ín hís köngdom,
12
178 CICERO.

direptas, superiore bello, ex tota Asia. Dum


plundered, $n the former war, from all A8ia. While

nostri diligentius collegunt omnia haec,


our men diligently collected all these thinge,
reX ipse effugit e manibus.
Ita
the king himself escaped out of (their) hands. So (a8)
maerOr retardavit illum in
grief retarded. him, (the father of Medea,) in
studio persequendi, hos
the ardor of pur&uit, (80) the8e (our soldiers) (wcere
laetitia. - 23 Tigranes,
retarded) by the delight (of plunder). Tigranes,
Armenius rex, excepit hunc in illo timore et
the Armeniam king, received him in that alarm anul
fuga, que confirmavit diffidentem suis rebu;;,
flight, and he encouraged (him) despairing of his affair \
et ' erexit adflictum, que recreavit
and cheered (him) when prostrate, and he 8olaced (hóma)
perditum. Postea quam L. Lucullus venit curn
ruéned. After L. Lucullus arrived woith.

exercitu in cuius regnum, plures gentes etiam


the army in, hi8 kingdom, many nations al8o

concitatae sunt contra nostrum imperatorem. Enim


^Dere ea:c£ted again8t ontr* general. For*

metus , iniectus erat eis nationibus, quas Romanus


fear was înspired into tho8e nations, whom the Homan.
populus numquam putavit neque lacessendas
people had mever thought either 8hould be hara88ed
bello neque temptandas. Erat etiam _ alia
by war or* assailed. There woa 8 al8o amother

gravis atque vehemens opinio, quae pervaserat


grave amd weighty opinion, which had prevailed
per animos barbararum gentium,
through the m'èmds of the barbarou8 nation8, (that)
nostrum exercitum esse adductum in eas oras:
pur. ; . , army ^pa8 : • • . led . . . into the$e compnfrìes.
THE MANILIAN ILAW, 179

CallSâ, diripiendi locupletissimi et


for the purpose of despoilîng a very rich αnd

religiosissimi fani. Ita multae atque magnae


~much revered temple. So ~many amd great
nationes concitabantur quodam novo
mations were eaecited (against us) by 8ome nemo

terrore ac metu. Autem etsi noster exercitus


terror and fear. Moreover although our army

ceperat urbem ex regno Tigranis, et


had toakem, α to^bm, ín the kingdom of Tigrane8, and

usus erat secundis proeliis, tamen commovebatur


had waged 8ucce88ful battles, however it wa8 influenced
nimia longinquitate locorum, ac desiderio
by the very great distance of the places, and by the desire
SOllI.
of the$r (fr£ends).
24 Non iam dicam plura hic; enim illud
I will mot no? 8ay nore : here ; for this

fuit extremum, ut magis maturus reditus


^do& the last point, that a more 8peedy returm

quaereretur ex eis locis a nostris militibus,


wa8 8ought for from those places by our soldiers,

quam longior processio. Autem Mithridates


tham a farther advoemce. But Mîthrìdates

et confirmarat suam manum, [et


had both, revoeved hi8 ontn, band (of.followers), amd
eOllm qui collegerant Se €X

of tho8e who had assembled themselve8 (together) from


eius . ° regno, et iuvabatur magnis
his (own) kingdom, and he ndas aided by great

adventiciis copiis multorum regum et nationum.


adventurou8 forces ofmany kings and nations.

Iam accepimus hoc , fere solere


We have already underetood that ' : £t almost : u8ually
fieri : sic, ut afflictae fortunae regum facile
happens so, that the fallen fortunes of kings ' easí
180 CICERO.

adliciant ad misericordiam opes multorum,


entice to pity (for them) the assistance of many,
que maxime eorum qui sunt aut •

and eapecially of those who are either kings,


aut vivunt in regno, ut regale
or (who) live in a kingdom, 8o that the royal

nomen videatur eis esse magnum et sanctum.


poen6 appears to them to be great and 8acred.

25 Itaque, victus, potuit efficere


Therefore, (though) comquered, he could effect
tantum quantum umquam ausus est optare
a8 much - a8 he eder* dooered to hope for (mchen)
incolumis. Nam Cum recepisset se in
8afe. For- when, he had returned to

suum regnum, fuit non contentus eO


hi8 kingdom, he was mot contemted with that

quod acciderat ei praeter spem—ut


vchich had happened to hîm beyond (his) hopes—that
postea quam pulsus erat, -

after he had been driven out (of his kingdom),


umquam attingeret illam terram—sed fecit
he 8hould ever touch that country—but he made

impetum in vestrum clarum atque victorem


an attack 0, your renovcned and conquering
exercitum. Sinite me, Quirites, hoc loco, sicut
army. Allow me, 0 Romans, ín this place, tus

poëtae solent, qui scribunt Romanas res,


the poet8 are wont to do, mpho mcrite om Roman affairs,
praeterire
to pass over
nostram
or*
calamitatem,
defeat,
quae .$# tanta
wóhich * wa8 8o great
ut non nuntius ex proelio, , sed rumor
that not a measenger from the battle (field). bu*oerumor
€X SermOne afferret eam
through the conversation (of men) brought this (news of
ad auris L. Luculli. 26 Hic in
our calamity) to the ears qf L. Lucullus. Here £n
TEIE MANILIAN LAW. 181

illo ipso malo, que gravissima offensione


this very mi&fortune, ând ín this most grieraus disaeter
belli, L. Lucullus, qui tamen potuisset fortasse
of the war, L. Lucullu8, who yet might perhaps
mederi ex parte eis incommodis, coactus
have remedied in part tho8e di8a8ter8, compelled
VestrO iussu, qui putavistis,
by your command, becau8e you thought, in accordance
veteri exemplo, modum . statuendum
vbith ancient eæample8, α term, wa8 to be 8et

diuturnitati imperi, dimisit partem militum,


to long-continued command, discharged a part ofthe soldiers,
qui iam confecti erant stipendiis, partem
who mow had completed (the$r) term of 8ervice, a part
tradidit Glabrioni. Praetereo
he delivered over to Glabrío (his $ucce88or). ' I pass over
multa consulto, sed vos perspicitis ea
many things purposely, but g/ou, perce$ve them
coniectura, quantum putetis illud bellum
by conjecture, howo important you mag consider that ^ngr

factum quod potentissimi reges coniungant,


voaa waged which mo8t powrful kings un$te $n, (nohich)
integrae gentes suscipiant, vester
entíre people8 undertake, (amd nohich) gyour

novus imperator accipiat, vetere exercitu :


7?e?o commander (Glabrio) rece$ves, the old army

pulso.
being repulsed.
27 Videor mihi fecisse satis
It 8eems to me (that) I have made enough (spoken)
multa verba qua re hoc bellum esset
rmany words (to show you) why thi8 war might be
ipso genere necessarium, magnitudine
from $ts very nature necessary, from its magnitud6
periculosum ; restat ut, videatur,
dangerou8 ; $t rema£ns that, £t 8eem8, (that)
182 CICERO.

dicendum esse de imperatore deligendo


mention ought to be made qf the commander to be elected
ad id bellum, ac praeficiendo tantis rebus.
for this ^Doer, and entru8ted with such great affairs.
Utinam, Quirites, haberetis tantam copiam,
Would, O Romans, that you had so great an abundance
fortium atque innocentium virorum, ut haec
of brave amd honest ^men, thoet this

deliberatio esset difficilis vobis, quemnam


deliberation would be difficult for you, vchom

putaretis potissimum praeficiendum


gyou considered e8pecially (proper) to be entrusted

tantis rebus, ac tanto bello! Vero


with such great affairs, and with so great a vcar / But
nunc cum sit Cn. Pompeius unus, qui superarit
novo since there $8 Cn. Pompey alone, who 8urpa88ed
gloriam non modo eorum hominum qui nunc sunt,
the glory not only of tho8e nen, who mono are,

sed etiam memoriam antiquitatis,


but also the remembrance (of the men) of antiquity,
virtute— quae reS est quae possit
by hi8 courage—what théng . i8 there ^ohich ea.,

facere dubium animum cuiusquam in hac


occasion a doubt in the mind of any one in thir.

causa? 28 Enim ego existimo sic, in sunmmo


case ? For* I consider thus, (that,) in a qreat
imperatore, has quattuor res oportere inesse,
general, these four things are mecessary to eaeist,
scientiam militaris rei, virtutem, auctoritatem,
the science of military affairs, valor, authority,
felicitatem. Quis igitur fuit aut umquam
(and) good fortune. Who therefore was either ever*

scientior, - aut debuit , esse,


more 8kwlled (in military affair8), or , ought to have been,
hoc homine? qui . e ludo, atque
(tham) this , mam ? who from school, and
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 183

disciplina pueritiae, profectus est ad exercitum


the instructiom . of his youth, wemt to the army

patris, atque in disciplinam


of hi8 father, and (entered) ínto £m8truction (in)
militiae, maximo bello,
^military affairs, (there being them) a very great war, (the
atque acerrimis hostibus ; qui, extrema
social war,) and most active ememie8; he, at the close
pueritia, fuit miles summi
(of hi8) boyhood, wa8 a 8oldíer of a consummate
imperatoris, ineunte adolescentia, ipse
commander, (and) on enteríng youth, (was) , himself
imperator maximi exercitus ; qui saepius
the commander , qf a very great army; he more oftem
conflixit cum hoste quam quisquam
fought w£th the foe tham amy one (else)
concertavit cum inimico, gessit plura bella
comtemded with a prívate enemy, waged more wars
quam ceteri legerunt, confecit
than other8 (ever) read of, 8ettled the affairs (qf)
plures provincias quam alii concupiverunt;
(m0re provínce8 tham others (ever) longed for;
cuius adolescentia erudita est ad scientiam
vbho8e youth wa8 tra£ned to the knowledgé
militaris rei non praeceptis alienis, sed
of military : affairs mot by the precept8 of others, but
suis imperiis, non offensionibus belli,
by hi8 command (of armie8), mot by the di8a8ter8 of war,
sed victoriis, non stipendiis, sed - triumphis.
but by victorie8, mot by campaigné, but by triumphs.
IDenique, quod genus belli potest esse, in quo
In fine, what kind of war cam there be, in which
fortuna , rei publicae non exercuerit : illum ?
the fortune of the republic has not tra£ned ` h£m ?

Civile, Africanum, Transalpinum,


The civil. (war), the Africam (war), the Transalpine, (war);
184 CICERO.

Hispaniense, [mixtum ex
the Spanish (war), [a miaeed (war, composed) of
civitatibus atque
8tate8 amd
ex
of
bellicosissimis
the most warlike
mi$t:] nation&,

servile, navale bellum, varia et diversa


the servile (war), the naval war, various and diverse
genera et bellorum et hostium, non solum
kinds both of wars and ofenemie8, not only
gesta ab hoc uno, sed etiam confecta,
waged by thi8 ome moen, but also terminated

declarant esse nullam rem ,


(8ucce88fully), prove (that) there is 0 thing
positam in militari usu quae possit fugere
e8tablished in military practice which cam escape
scientiam huius viri.
the knowledge of this man.
29 Vero iam, quae oratio potest inveniri par
But now, what language can be found equat
virtuti Cn. Pompei ? quid est quod
to the valor of On. Pompey ? wchat is there vchich

quisquam possit afferre aut dignum illo, aut novum


angone c0, offer either worthy of him, or ne?

vobis, aut inauditum cuiquam ? Enim illae sunt


to you, or unheard of by any one ? For those are
neque solae virtutes imperatoris, quae
7ot the only vìrtues of a commander, which are
vulgo existimantur— labor in negotiis,
commonly con8idered (as such)—industry $n. affairs,

fortitudo in periculis, industria in agendo, celeritas


fortitude in danger, energy in action, rapidity
in conficiendo, consilium in providendo; quae
in eaeecutior, (wi8e) counsel ín fore8eeing; which

sunt tanta in hoc uno quanta non fuerunt


(all) are so great in thi8 one man «8 neoee* ubere

in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus quos aut


in all other commonders nchom we have e$ther
THE MANI I.IAN LAW. 185

vidimus aut audivimus. 30 Italia est testis


ee? or heard qf. Italy is a witne88 (qf thi8)

quam L. Sulla ipse, ille victor, confessus est


vohich L. Sulla himself, that conqueror, confes8ed
liberatam virtute et subsidio huius.
voa8 delívered by the valor and a88istance qfthis (Pompey).
SiciIia est testis, quam, cinctam undique
Sicily i8 a witne88, which, 8urrounded on all 8ide8

multis periculis, explicavit, non terrore belli,


by many dangers, he delivered, not by the terror ofwar,
sed ' celeritate consili. Africa est
but by the quickne88 of his deliberations. Africa £8

testis, quae, oppressa magnis copiis


a witne88, nohich, overwohelmed. by the great forces

hostium, redundavit sanguine eorum ipsorum.


of the enemy, flowed with the blood of the8e very ones.
Gallia est testis, per quam iter in
Gaul is a witness, through which a road into
Hispaniam patefactum est nostris legionibus,
Spain wa8 opemed for our legion8,
internecione Gallorum. Hispania est testis, quae
by the massacre of the Gauls. Spain is a witne88, which
saepissime conspexit plurimos hostis superatos
very often has 8een (our) ^mamy enemie8 overcome

que prostratos ab hoc. Italia est saepius


and pro8trated by thi8 (man). Italy @8 oftem

et iterum testis, quae, cum premeretur


amd again a witne88, which, while it wa8 hard pres8ed
taetro que periculoso servili bello, expetivit
by the di8graceful and dangerou8 8ervile war, requested
auxilium ab hoc absente; quod bellum
aíd from him vehem absent; this da'r*

attenuatum est atque imminutum expectatione


wa8 le88ened amd dímínibhed by the eaepectation
Pompei, adventu
of (the arrival of) Pompey, by hie arriwal it
186 CICERO.

8ublatum ac sepultum. 31 Vero iam omnes


was, done away with and buried. But now al

orae, . . atque omnes exterae gentes ac nationes,


the coa8t8, and all foreign peoples and nations,

denique omnia maria, cum universa tum in


and finally all the 8ea8, both collectively and in
singulis oris, omnes sinus atque portus,
each coast, all the bay8 and harbors, (are)
testes. Enim quis locus, toto mari, habuit aut tam
witne88e8. For what place, in all the sea, had either so
firmum praesidium ut esset tutus,
strong a protection that it was safe (from the attacks of
aut fuit tam abditus ut lateret ?
the pirates), or was so concealed that it would be hidden
Quis navigavit, qui IO
(from them) ? Who (ever) 8ailed, wcho did not.

committeret se aut periculo mortis, aut


eaepose himself either to the danger of death, or*

servitutis, cum navigaret, aut hieme, aut


of 8lavery, 8ince he 8a£led, e$ther £n wcénter, Of*

mari referto praedonum ? Quis


when the 8ea wa8 full of pirates (in 8ummer) ? Who

umquam arbitraretur hoc bellum, tantum, tam


exer* would 8uppo8e (that) thi8 war, 80 great, 8o

turpe, tam vetus, tam late dispersum, posse


disgraceful, 8o old, (and) 8o videly di8per8ed, could
confici, aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno
be terminated, either by all the general8 in one

anno, aut ab uno imperatore omnibus annis?


year, or by one general £n all years ?

32 Quam provinciam tenuistis liberam a praedonibus,


What province have you kept free from pirates,
per hosce annos? quod vectigal fuit tutum
through these years ? ^chat revenue has been safe
vobis ? quem socium defendistis? cui
for you ? wchat , ally have you defended ? to thomae
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 187

fuistis praesidio vestris classibus? quam


have you been a d61emce with your fleets ? how

multas insulas existimatis esse desertas ? quam


mamy islands do you 8uppo8e have been deserted ? ' how
multas urbis sociorum aut relictas
^mamy cítíes of the allies have either been abandoned
metu, aut captas praedonibus?
through fear, or* captured by the pirate8 ?

Sed quid ego commemoro longinqua?


But why do I make mention of distant (things) ?
Hoc fuit quondam, fuit proprium
Thés @do,& formerly, (this) wa8 . the characteri8tie
Romani : populi bellare longe a domo,
of the Roman people to carry on war far from home,
et defendere fortunas sociorum propugnaeulis
and to protect the fortune8 of the$r allies by all the defence8
imperi, O. sua tecta. Ego
of the empère, (and) not (to protect) the$r home8. Shall I (not)
dicam, mare, per hosce annos, fuisse clausum
8ay (that) the 8ea, during the8e latter years, has been clo8ed
vestris sociis, cum nostri exercitus numquam
to your allie8, when our (own) armie8 have meder*

transmiserint a Brundisio, nisi Sllâ,


cro88ed over (the sea) from Brundisium, eaecept ín the depth
hieme? Querar, qui
, (of) winter ? Shall I (not) compla$m (that those) who
venirent ad vos ab exteris nationibus captos,
were coming to you from foreign nations were captured,
Clm legati Romani populi redempti sint ?
vohem the ambas8adors ofthe Roman people were ran8omed?.
Dicam, mare fuisse non tutum
Shall I (not) &ag (that) the 8ea (008 ^ot 8afe
mercatoribus, cum duodecim secures
for the merchants, when the twelve aaees (qf the praetors)
pervenerint in potestatem praedonum ?
ca/re @nto the power of the pirates ?
188 CICERO.

38 Commemorem Cnidum aut Colophonem,


Need I^mention (that) Onidu8 or* Colophon,

aut Samum, nobilissimas urbis, que innumerabilis


or* Samos, most noble cwtie8, and άnnumerable

alias captas esse, Cum. sciatis


otherg were coeptured (bgy the párate8), wohem gyou know
vestrOS portus, atque eos portus quibus
your own harbor8, and tho8e harbor& from which
ducitis vitam et spiritum,
you draw lífe amd breath (the means of sustenance),
fuisse in potestate praedonum ? An vero,
@dere @m the power qf the pirate8? Or- indeed,

ignoratis celeberrimum portum Caietae,


-

are you ignorant (that) the wery celebrated harbor of Caieta,


atque plenissimum navium, direptum esse a
and (them) very full of 8hip8, wa8 plundered by
praedonibus, praetore inspectante?
the pirate8, (when) a (Roman) praetor wpa8 looking on ?
Autem ex Miseno liberos eius ipsius qui
That al8o from Misenum the children ofthat very one who
antea gesserat bellum ibi cum praedonibus
before had waged war there with the pirates

sublatos esse a praedonibus? Nam quid ego


were carried off by the pirates ? For why 8hall I (not)
querar Ostiense incommodum, atque illam
complain (of) the 08tiam dí$a $ter, both, that
labem atque ignominiam rei publicae, cum, vobis
8ta$m amd di8grace ofthe republic, when, while you
prope aspectantibus, ea classis, cui
almo8t • vere looking om, thoet fleet, over which

consul Romani populi praepositus esset,


a con8ul of the Roman people was placed in command,
capta atque oppressa est a praedonibus? Pro
was taken and de$troyed by the pirates ? By
- immortales di ! potuit incredibilis ac divina
the immortal gods ! could the incredible and divinæ
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 189

virtus unius hominis afferre tantam lucem


valor of one man (Pompey) bring such great light
rei publicae, tam brevi tempore, ut vos,
(safety) to the republic, in so a time, that you,
8hort
qui modo videbatis classem hostium ante
who not long &ince 80. the fleet of the enemy before
ostium Tiberinum, ei nunc audiatis €SS€

the mouth of the Tiber, these novo hear (that) there £•


nullam navem praedonum intra ostium
qo &hip qf the pirates withén the 8traítæ

oceani ? 34 Atque quamquam videtis qua


qf the oceam ? And although ' you see with what
celeritate haec gesta sint, tanmen lOl
îapidity these things have been dome, however they are not
praetereunda sunt a me in dicendo. Enim quis
to be pa88ed over by me ín my discourse. For who

umquam, aut studio obeundi negoti,


erer, either with the desíre of tran8acting bu8iness,
aut consequendi quaestus, potuit, tam brevi
or of 8eeking after gain, could, in 80 8hort

tempore, adire tot loca, conficere tantos


a time, visit 8o mang place8, (and) perform 8uch long
cursus, quam celeriter impetus belli
voyage8, rapidly (a8) the impetuo8ity of war
navigavit, Cn. Ponmpeio duce?
navigated (the deep), with Cn. Pompey a8 commander ?
ui, . mari nondum tempestivo ad
who, when the 8ea wa8 not yet £n a proper state for
navigandum, adiit . Siciliam, exploravit
navigation, 8ailed to Sicily, eæplored (the coa8t of)
Africam ; inde venit cum classe Sardiniam, atque
Africa; thence he came with the fleet to Sardinia, ana
munivit haec tria frumentaria subsidia rei publicae
he fortified these three graín reserves of the republic
firmissimis praesidiis que classibus. 35 Inde
with very 8trong garrison8 and with fleets. Thence.
190 CICERO.

CUm recepisset 8e in Italiam, duabus Hispaniis


when he had return6d into Italy, after the two Spains
et Cisalpina Gallia confirmata praesidiis ac
and Cisalpine Gaul were strengthened by garrisons and
navibus, item missis navibus in Oa
by 8hips, also having sent 8hip8 to the coast

Illyrici maris, et in Achaiam que omnem


of the Illyriam 8eoe, amd to Achaia and all

Graeciam, adornavit duo maria Italiae maximis


Greece, he furnished the two 8eas qf Italy with very large
classibus que firmissimis praesidiis ; autem ipse
fleets and very 8trong garrisons; and he himself
adiunxit totam Ciliciam ad imperium Romani
ασded all 0£lìcia, to the empire qf the Roman.
populi, undequinquagesimo die ut profectus est
people, on the forty-ninth. day after he had left
Brundisio ; omnes qui fuerunt ubique praedones
Brundisium; all who were angwhere pirates
partim capti sunt que interfecti, partim dediderunt
were partly captured and killed,
surrenderedpartly
Se imperio unius.
ac potestati huius
them&elveg to the command and power of this one man.
Idem Cretensibus, Clum misissent legatos
Al8o ' from the Oretans, vohem, they had 8ent ambassadors
que deprecatores ad eum in Pamphyliam, usque
and interce88or8 to hîm to Pamphylia, he even did

InOt ademit spem deditionis, que


zwot; take the hope of surrender (to hîm), and
imperavit obsides. Ita Cn. Pompeius
he commanded (them to give) ho8toges. Thws Cn. Pompey
extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte
at the end (of) winter prepared for, at the commencememt
vere suscepit, media aestate
of spring wndertook, (and) by the middle of summer
«onfecit, bellum , tantum, tam diuturnum,
{erminated, thés war 80 great, of 8uch long duration,
THE MANILIAN LAw. 191

tam longe que late dispersum, quo bello omnes


$o far and videly spread, by which war «!!

gentes ac nationes premebantur.


people and nation8 were oppre88ed.
36 Haec est divina atque incredibilis virtus
This £8 the dîvîne and incredible geniu8
imperatoris. Quid Ceterae quas
of this commander. What (about) his other qualities which
paulo ante coeperam commemorare, quantae and
a little before Ibegam to mention, hono great and
quam multae sunt? enim non solum virtus
howo ímero8 they are ? for mot only talent
bellandi quaerenda est in summo atque
for carrying on war T $8 required $m a great and

perfecto imperatore, sed sunt multae eximiae


perfect commander, but there are many eminent
artes, administrae que comites huius
qualities, the handmaids and companions of this

virtutis. Ac primum, quanta innocentia


(military) talent. And | first, of hovo much honesty
debent imperatores esse? deinde - quanta
ought commamderé to be ? them of houo much
temperantia in omnibus rebus? quanta fide?
^moderation, £m. all things ? of hovo great fidelity ?
'quanta facilitate? quanto ingenio?
of hovo great courtesy? of howo good a disposition ?
quanta humanitate? quae breviter
of hovoe great humanity? these (qualitie8) let us briefly
consideremus, qualia sint in Cn. Pompeiq;*,
con8ider, howo they eaeist £m. Cn. Pompey©* *
Enim omnia sunt Summa,
For* all c^re of the highest (degree ín hím),

Quirites, sed ea possunt nmagis cognosci atque


O Romans, but these T mag better be known - and
intellegi ex contentione aliorum, quam ipsa
wnderstood from comparíson with othera, than they
192 CICERO.

r sese. 37 Enim quem imperatorem possumus


them&elves. For* what general co?, de

putare in ullo numero, in cuius exercitu


~eckom, in amy number, £n, whose army

centuriatus veneant, atque venierint?


the office of centurion i8 8old, amd has beem 8old ?

quid hunc hominem cogitare


what (can we 8uppose that) that ^mor, thinks

magnum, aut amplum, de re publica, qui


great, 0* noble, ' concerning therepublic, who
aut, propter cupiditatem provinciae,
e$ther, on account Qf a de8ire for his province,
diviserit pecuniam depromptam eX
ha3 di$tributed the money takem out from
aerario ad administrandum bellum,
the public trea8ury to carry on the war,

magistratibus, aut, propter avaritiam,


among the magi8trate8, or, om account of avarice,
reliquerit Romae in quaestu? Vestra
has left (the money) at Rome at interest? Your
admurmuratio, Quirites, facit ut
~murmurs, 0 Roman8, ~make . (£t appear) that

videamini agnoscere qui fecerint haec ; autem


you 8eem to recognize who have done this; but

ego nomino neminem ; qua re nemo poterit


I. ^mention, no ome; wherefore ^o one ^70

irasci mihi, nisi ui ante


become angry (with) me, eaecept (the one) who beforehanoe
voluerit confiteri de Se. Itaque quis
voiehe8 to confes8 concerning himself. Therefore vcho
ignorat quantas calamitates nostri exercitus
i8 ignorant how mwch, distre88 o^* armies

ferant, quocumque ventum sit, propter


bring, £n vohateverplace they arrive, on account of
lianc avaritiam inmperatorum ? 38 Recordamini
thi& avarice of generals ? Recollect
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 193

itinera quae per hosce annos nostri


the marche8 which during the$e years 0?i?

imperatores fecerint in Italia per agros atque


commovmders mode £n Italy through lands oend.

oppida Romanorum civium ; tum facilius


town 8 qf Roman citizens; then you will the more easily

statuetis quid existimetis fieri apud exteras


determóne wohat you think happen8 among foreign
nationes. Utrum arbitramini, per hosce annos,
nation&. Do you think (that), during tke8e years,
plures urbis ' hostium deletas esse armis
more towns of the enemy have been destroyed by the arms
vestrorum militum, an civitates sociorum in
of your 8oldier8, Or* citie8 of your allies ém,

hibernis? Enim neque


the wénter-quarters (of your 8oldiers ?) For* meither

potest is imperator continere exercitum, qui


con, that commoender re8tra$m his army, ^cho

non continet se ipsum, neque eSSe S€V€lS


doe8 not restrwín him8elf, nor (can he) be 8tréct

in iudicando, qui non volt alios esse severos


in judging, who doe8 not wish others to be 8trìct

iudices in §€. 39 Hic miramur


judges : over h£m8elf. Then do we, wonder (that)
hunc hominem, tantum excellere
this ^moe^, (Pompey,) so much eaecel8 (all)

ceteris, cuius legiones pervenerunt sic


other8, who8e legions arrìped (ín that 8tate
in Asiam, ut non modo âllS
of discíplíne) ín Asia, that mot only (not) the hand
tanti exercitus, sed ne quidem
(of any one) in eo great an army, but mot eem,

vestigium dicatur nocuisse cuiquam pacato?


the footstep mag/ be ea$d to have injured ang peaceable
Vero iam, cotidie sermones ac litterae
(per8om) ? But nono, daily reporta and letterg
13
194 CICERO.

perferuntur, quem ad modum milites


wre brought (to us), houc the soldiers
hibernent. Non modo vis
conduct themselves in winter-quarters. Not only force
affertur nemini, ut faciat sumptum in
compels no ome, that he 8hould incur eæpense in

militem, sed ne quidem permittitur


(maintaining) a 8oldier, but thi8 i8 not even allowced

cuiquam cupienti. Enim nostri maiores


to amyome wishing (to do 8o). For our amce8tors

voluerunt, in tectis sociorum atque


de8oered (that), in the hou8e8 of our allie8 and

amicorum, eSSe perfugium hiemis, nOn


friends, there be a refuge from winter, 7wo?

avaritiae.
(a place) for avarice.
40 Age vero, considerate qualis sit temperantia
Come now, com8£der what i8 his moderation
in ceteris rebus. Unde putatis
£m. other things. Whence do you 8uppo86
inventum illam tantam celeritatem, et tam
originated that great rapidity and 8uch

incredibilem cursum ? Enim non eximia


an incredible . voyage ? F'or* no eætraordinary
vis remigum, aut quaedam inaudita
8trength of the rower8, or ang (hitherto) unheard-of
ars gubernandi, aut aliqui novi venti, pertulerunt
8kill of 8teering, or amy newo woimds, carried

illum tam celeriter in ultimas terras;


him 8o 8wüftly t0 the mo8t di8tamt land8;
sed eae res quae solent remorari ceteros
but tho8e things which are womt to retard others

non retardarunt; avaritia no


did mot delay (him); avarìce d$d mot
devocavit ab instituto cursu ad aliquam
rall hîm away from his intended rowte t0 amy
THE MANILIAN ILAW, 195

praedam, non libido ad voluptatem, non


plunder, n07* lu8i (call hém) to plea8ure, ^ op*

amoenitas ad delectationem, non nobilitas


charms (entice him) to enjoyment, mOr- ' remò?d/u.

urbis ad cognitionem ; denique,


qfa city (induce him) to become acquainted (with it); finally,
non labor ipse ad quietem. Postremo
not labor itself to (indulge im) repo8e. La8tly
signa et tabulas, que cetera ornamenta Graecorum
the 8tatues and pictures, amd the other ornaments of Greek:
oppidorum, quae ceteri arbitrantur : tollenda esse,
town&, which others 8uppo8e are to be taken away,
ille : quidem existimavit, €a. ne
he @mdeed thought (that) they ought mot

quidem
$e,
visenda sibi. 41 Therefore
to be 8een by him.
Itaque , nunc
novo
omnes
all

in his locis intuentur Cn. Pompeium sicut aliquem


@n those place8 look upon Cn. Pompey . as 8ome one
non missum ex hac urbe, sed delapsum
^ot 8ent from thi8 city, but (a8 ome) descended

de caelo ; nunc denique incipiunt credere


from heaven ; novo , at length they begin to believe
fuisse quondam homines Romanos,
(that) there has been omce (8uch) men (among) the Romans,
hae abstinentia quod iam ' videbatur
of that moderation vohich ju8t now appeared

incredibile exteris nationibus, ac falso proditum


£ncredíble to foreign nation&, and fal8ely tran8mitted
memoriae. Nunc splendor vestri
to the memory (of po8terity). Woyo the splendor uf your
imperi coepit adferre lucem illis gentibus. Nunc
empère begin8 to bring light to these natioms. Now

intellegunt suos maiores tum, cum


they under8tand (that) the$r @mc€8t0r8 them, when

habebamus magistratus hac


we had magistrate8 (di8tinguished) by 8uch
196 CICERO.

temperantia, non sine causa, maluisse servire


temperance, mot without reasom, voould rather serve

Romano populo quam imperare aliis. Iam vero


the Roman people than commond others. Novo indeed
aditus ad eum privatorum dicuntur esse ita
acce88 to him (by) private per8on& i8 8aid to be 8o
faciles, querimoniae de iniuriis aliorum
easy, and the complaints of the injuries from others
ita liberae, ut is qui excellit
(received) ao unre8trained, that he who eaccel$

principibus dignitate videatur esse par


the chief men in dignity 8e€8 to be on a par

infimis facilitate. 42 Iam quantum . valeat


with the lowe8t in affability. Novo hono much he avails
consilio, quantum gravitate et;
by (his wise) counsel, houo much by the weight and

copia dicendi—in quo i


copiou8ne88 of hi8 8peoeking-in vohieh very thing
inest quaedam imperatoria dignitas—vos,
there eae$t$ a certaín, commonding dignity-you,
Quirites, saepe cognovistis in hoc ipso loco.
0 Roman8, oftem have eæperienced in this very place
Vero quantam putatis eius
(the forum). But how great doyow think his (good)
fidem existimari inter socios, quam hostes
faith. $8 e8timated among the allies, mchich the ememies
omnium gentium iudicarint
of all mations (the pirates). have judged (to be)
sanctissimam ? Iam est tanta humanitate, ut
$mo8t 8acred ' Now he is ofsuchgreat humanity, that
sit difficile dictu utrum hostes timuerint eius
£t is difficult to say whether the enemy feared h£e

virtutem magis, pugnantes, an dilexerint


valor ~more (when) fighting, or have loved (his)
mansuetudinem, victi. Et quisquam
qm$ldness (more when) conquered. And will ang one
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 197

dubitabit quin tantum bellum transmittendum sit


doubt that 8o great a war 8hould be entru8ted

huic, qui videatur natus esse quodam divino


to him, who 8eem8 to have been born by 8ome dévéne

consilio ad conficienda omnia bella nostrae


plan for finishing all the wars of our
memoriae?
recollection (time)?
43 Et quoniam auctoritas valet multum,
Amd becau8e great reputation avails ~much,
quoque in administrandis bellis atque in militari
a8 well in carrying on ^doe* @8 @n military
imperio, Certe est dubium nemini,
commomd, certainly there $8 doubt to mo 0me,

quin ea re, ille idem imperator possit


that in this affair, that 8ame commonder can do

plurimum. Autem quis ignorat vehementer


much. But who $$ $gnorant (that) it 8trictly

pertinere ad administranda bella, quid hostes,


belong8 t0 the conduct of war, vbhat the ememy,

quid socii existiment de nostris imperatoribus,


vbhat , the allîe$ think about 0?!'* commovmders,
cum sciamus homines commoveri in tantis
when : we know (that) mem, are moved in 8uch great
rebus, aut ut contemnant aut metuant, aut oderint
affaîrs, either to de8pi8e or fear, Or* hoete

aut ament, non minus opinione et


07* love (them), mot le88 by common opinìon and

fama, quam aliqua certa ratione? Quid nomen


by report, than by any certain grounds ? What ^oWe

igitur fuit umquam clarius


therefore moas eóè* ~more celebrated (than Pompey's)

in orbe terrarum ? cuius res gestae


£m. tâ world ? whose eæploita (hoewe been)
pares? id quod maxime facit
equa' (to hi8) ? (and) that which mo8t greatly contributee
198 CICERO.

ad auctoritatem, de quo homine VoS


to his authority, concerning what man have gou
fecistis tanta et tam praeclara iudicia ?
pa8sed such great and such illustrious resolutions ?
44 An putatis vero esSe usquam
Do you think indeed (that) there was anguhere

: ullam oram tam desertam, quo fama illius


amy region 8o deserted, whither the renown of that
diei non pervaserit, cum universus Romanus
day did not penetrate, when the entire Roman

populus, . foro referto, que omnibus templis


people, the forum beingfull, and all the temples
repletis, ex quibus hic locus potest conspici,
beingfilled, from vchich this place could be seem,
depoposcit sibi Cn. Pompeium unum,
demanded for them&elves Cn. Pompey alone, (as)
imperatorem ad commune bellum . omnium
commander for the common dor of all
gentium ? Itaque—ut non dicam plura,
matioms ? Therefore—that I mag not 8ay more,

neque confirmem exemplis aliorum, quantum


m0r confirm by the eaeample8 of others, how much
auctoritas valeat in bello—exempla omninm
authority prevails in war—the ezamples of all

egregiarum rerum Sumantur ab eodem


eminent eæploits must be taken from this same
Cn. Pompeio ; die quo qui
Cn. Pompey; on the day £n vohich, he

praepositus est maritimo bello a vobis


was placed in charge of the maritime war by you (a8)
imperator, repente tanta vilitas annonae
commander, 8udaenly 80 great a cheapne88 qf provi8ion&
consecuta est, ex summa inopia et caritate
followed, from the greatest want amd dearmeææ

frumentariae rei, spe unius


qf corn, by the hope (conce$ved qf) one
THE MIANILIAN ILAW. 199

bominis, et nomine quantam diuturna pax


^mam, and by hi8 name such (cheapne88) a8 a long peac6
potuisset vix efficere, ex summa ubertate
could have scarcely effected, after the greatest fertility
aßOllII. 45 Iam, calamitate in Ponto
of the fields. Now too, after the disaster in Pontu8
accepta, ex eo proelio, de quo pàulo ante
was su8tained, by that battle, of which a little before
invitus admonui VOS—OllI socii
Iunwillingly remùmded - you—when our allies

pertimuissent, opes que animi


were greatly alarmed, (when) the power and 8pírits

hostium crevissent, ' ' provincia haberet


of the enemy had increased, (when) the province . had

IO satis firmum praesidium— amisissetis


not a 8ufficiently 8trong defence— you would have lost
Asiam, Quirites, nisi fortuna
Asia (then), 0 Roman8, wnle88 the good fortune
Romani populi divinitus attulisset
of the Roman people had providentially brought
Cn. Pompeium id ipsum temporis ad eas
Cn. Pompey at that very time énto tho86
regiones. Adventus huius et continuit
%'egions. The a^rroeval of this (man) both checked

Mithridatem inflammatum insolita victoria, et


Mithridates flu8hed with unwonted victory, and

retardavit Tigranem minitantem Asiae magnis


retarded Tigrane8 threatening Asia with great
copiis. Et; quisquam dubitabit quid
force8. And. will ang one - doubt vohat:
E$ sit virtute, qui perfecerit
e will aecomplish by his bravery, who hae accomplished
tantum auctoritate? aut quam facile
8o much by his reputation ? or* howo ea8ily
conservaturus sit socios et vectigalia
h6 will preserve our allies amd 7*e0€7\u€¢
200 CICERO.

imperio atque exercitu, qui defenderit


by hi8 authority amd by his army, who has defended
ipso nomine ac rumore?
(them) by hi8 very name and renovom ?


46 Vero age,
But come,
quantam
what a great
auctoritatem
reputation
eiusdem
of thi8 8ame
hominis apud hostis Romani populi
0, among the ememie8 of the Homan. people
illa reS declarat, quod ex locis tam
doe8 thi8 circum8tance prove, that from place8 8o
longinquis, que tam diversis, tam brevi tempore
d£8tant, and 8o 8cattered, $n 80 8hort a time

omnes dediderunt Se huic uni?


all 8urrendered themselves to thi8 one (man)?
$! legati 8. eommuni
%hat the ambas8adoré from the common counci!

Cretensium, CUm esset in eorum insula


«f the Cretans, although there was in their @8land

imperator que exercitus noster, venerunt ad


a com^nander amd army of ours, co/ to

Cn. Pompeium, in prope ultimas terras,


Gn. Pompey, to nearly the most distant countries
que dixerunt, omnis civitates
(of the world), and 8a$d (that) all the cities

Cretensium velle dedere Se ei?


of the Oretan8 wished to surrender themselve8 to him ?
Quid! nonne iste idem Mithridates misit
What ! déd mot thî8 8ame Mithridates 8emd

legatum ad eundem Cn. Pompeium usque in


am amba88ador to the 8ame Om. Pompey €€, to

Hispaniam ? eum quem Pompeius semper


Spain ? the one vchom Pompey has alway8
iudicavit legatum, ei quibus erat
con8idered (a8) an ambas8ador, (but) those to whom it was
semper molestum, @SSe
alwuys an annoyance that (thi8 ambassador) should be
“THE MANILIAN I.AW, 201

potissimum missum ad eum,


more especially 8€mt t0 hém, (Pompey,)
maluerunt iudicari speculatorem, quam
have preferred h$m to be thought α 8103/, rather tham

legatum. Potestis iam igitur, Quirites,


an ambas8ador. You mag now therefore, 0 Romans,
constituere quantum existimetis hanc auctoritatem,
determine how much you think that this authority,
amplificatam multis rebus gestis postea, que
increa8ed by many eaeploits afterwards, amd

vestris magnis iudiciis, valituram esse apud illos


by your favorable re8olutions, will ava£l with those

reges, quantum apud exteras nationes.


kings, how much with foreign nations.
^%, 47 Est reliquum,
It remains that
ut dicamus
wde 8ay
pauca
a few (words)
et timide de felicitate (quam nemo
and timidly concerning his good fortune (which mo one
potest praestare, de se ipso, possumus meminisse
cum, boa8t, qf himself, [but] we mag 7remember

et commemorare de altero, sicut est aequum


and commemorate of amother, a8 it i8 proper

homini de potestate deorum). Enim


for man [to 8peak] qf the poncer of the gods). For*

ego sic existimo : imperia saepius mandata esse,


I thu8 think : commands have oftener been confided,
atque exercitus commissos Maximo, Marcello,
and oermie8 emtru8ted to Maacimu8, to Marcellus,

Scipioni, Mario, et ceteris magnis imperatoribus,


to Scipio, to Mariu8, and to other great commamders,
non solum propter virtutem, sed etiam
7wot alone on account of their valor, bwt al8o
propter fortunam. Enim fuit
om account of theür good fortune. For there has beem

profecto
indeed
$.
in the ca8e of 8ome
summis viris quaedam
very great men a certain
202 CICERO.

fortuna, divinitus, adiuncta ad


good fortune, by the favor of heaven, added to

amplitudinem et gloriam, et ad bene


their honor and glory, and for successfully
gerendas magnas reS. Autem de
performing great erploits. But concerning
felicitate huius hominis, de quo Inul nC
the good fortune of this 772(l?ì, of whom we are now
agimus, utar hac moderatione dicendi,
discoursing, I will make use of that moderation in speaking,
non ut dicam, fortunam positam esse in illius
not that I may say (that) fortune was placed in his

potestate, sed ut videamur meminisse praeterita,


power, but that we may seem to remember the past,
sperare reliqua, ne aut
(and) to hope (well for those that) remain, lest either
nostra oratio videatur immortalibus dis esse
my words may appear to the immortal gods to he
invisa aut ingrata. 48 Itaque IMOIN
arrogant 07° ungrateful. Therefore I am not
praedicaturus sum, Quirites, quantas res
going to declare, O Romans, what great erploits
gesserit domi militiae, terra que mari,
he achieved at home (and) in war, by land and by sea,
que quanta felicitate; ut semper, non modo
and with what great good fortune; that always, net only
cives assenserint eius voluntatibus, socii
the citizens assented (to) his will, the allies

obtemperarint, hostes obedierint, sed etiam


yielded (to him), his enemies obeyed him, but 630670

venti que tempestates obsecundarint. Hoc


the winds and weather favored him. This I will
brevissime dicam, nemo umquam fuisse
very briefly say, (that) no one ever has been

tam impudentem qui tacitus auderet optare


d0 presumptuous as silently to dare to wish for
THE MANILIAN LAW. 203

tot et tantas res, â immortalibus


80 many and such great things, from the immortal
dis, quot et quantas immortales di
gods, a8 many and a8 great (a8) the $mmortal god&
detulerunt ad Cn. Pompeium. Ut quod sit
have granted to Cn. Pompey. That this mag be
proprium ac perpetuum illi, Quirites,
a peculiar and perpetual (favor) to häm, 0 HRomam8,
debetis velle et optare, sicuti facitis, cum
gou ought to wish and to entreat, a8 you do, a8 cell.
CàllSâ communis salutis atque imperi,
for the sake qf the common safety and of the empire,
tum hominis ipsius.
&s (for the 8ake) of the man himself.
49 Qua re—cum et bellum sit ita necessarium
Whererore—8ince both the war i8 8o nece88ary

ut possit non neglegi, ita magnum ut


thaz z con, not be neglected, 8o great that

sit administrandum accuratissime ; et cum possitis


$t $8 to pe conducted mo8t carefully ; and 8Ìnce you can
praeficere ei imperatorem in quo sit
place over $t. a commovmder ém, whom there i8

eximia scientia belli, singularis virtus,


the most perfect knowledge of war, uncommom bravery,
clarissima auctoritas, egregia fortuna—
most splendid oeuthority (and) eminent good fortune-—
dubitabitis, Quirites, quin conferatis hoc tantum
will you hesitate, 0 Homan8, to apply this 8o great
boni, quod oblatum est, et datum vobis a
a good, which @8 offered, and given to you by
immortalibus dis, in conservandum atque
the •mmortal gods, to pre8erving and

amplificandum rem publicam ?


wggrandizing the republic ?
50 Quod si Cn. Pompeius esset privatus
Even êf Cn. Pompey were a private person
204 CICERO.

hoc tempore Romae, tamen is diligendus erat


at th£8 time in Home, yet he ought to have been selected

ad tantum bellum, atque mittendus. Nunc cum


for 8o great a war, and to be sent. Now wchen

ad ceteras summas utilitates, quoque haec


to the other eminent advantage8, also this

opportunitas adiungatur, ut adsit in


opportune cîrcumstance is added, that he is present in
eis ipsis locis, ut habeat exercitum,
these very countries, that he has an army (with him),
ut possit statim accipere ab
that he can immediately receive (reinforcement8) from
eis qui habent, quid expectamus,
tho8e who have (re8ource8), vchat do we waitfor,
aut Cur non, immortalibus dis ducibus,
or why do vce not, with the immortal gods as leoeders,
committimus quoque hoc regium bellum
commit al8o thi8 royal dar

eidem cui cetera commissa sunt


to the same one to whom the other (wars) have been committed
Cllm Slmina salute rei publicae?
with the greatest advantage to the republic ?
5l At enim Q. Catulus, clarissimus vir
But îndeed Q. Catulu8, a most illu8trious man

amantissimus rei publicae, affectus vestris


(and) mo8t attached to the republic, (and) loaded with your
amplissimis beneficiis, que item Q. Hortensius,
con8iderable favors, and al8o Q. Horten8iu8, (a mam)
praeditus summis ornamentis honoris, fortunae,
endowed with the highest ornaments of homor, offortune,
virtutis, ingeni, dissentiunt ab hac ratione.
of virtue (and) of talent, dissent from this opinion.
Ego confiteor, quorum auctoritatem multis
I. confess (that) the$r authority om,^mamy

locis : valuisse plurimum apud vos, et


occa8ion& ha& prevailed very much with you, and
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 205

oportere valere ; sed in hae causa, tametsi


ought to preva$l; but in this cause, although
cognoscitis, auctoritates fortissimorum
you know (that) the authority (opinions) qf the most brave
et clarissimorum virorum contrarias, tamen,
and most illu8triou8men (are) unfavorable, however,
omissis auctoritatibus, possumus Qxquirere
disregarding their authority, ^e ^o, inquire into
veritatem, re ipsa, et ratione, atque hoe
the truth, by the affair $tself, and by reason, and this
facilius quod omnia ea quae
the more ea8ily becau8e all tho8e things ^chich

adhuc dicta sunt â me, isti eidem


a8 yet have been 8aid by ^me, these 8ame per8ona
concedunt esse vera-et bellum esse necessarium,
comcede to be true—both (that) the war i8 mece88ary,

et magnum, et omnia Slmini


and $mportant, and (that) all the higheat
eSSe in Cn. Pompeio uno.
(qualifications) are to be (found) in 0'n. Pompey omly.
52 Quid igitur Hortensius ait? Si omnia
Wat therefore does Hortensius sag ? If all

' tribuenda sint uni, Pompeium


(power) i8 to be conferred on , ome (person), (that) Pompey
unum esse dignissimum, sed tamen,
alome £8 the mo8t worthy (of it), but however, (that)
non oportere omnia deferri ad unum,
$t i8 not proper (that) all (power) be granted to one

Ista oratio iam obsolevit,


(person). This argument has nono become ob8olete,
refutata, multo magis 'e quam
having been refuted, ~much qnore by facts than,

verbis. Nam tu idem, Q. Hortensi, dixisti


by words. For you also, Q. Horten8iu8, have said
multa, graviter que ornate, pro tua Sllmma
much, forcibly and eloquently, with your wery great
206 CICERO.

copia, a0 singulari facultate dicendi,


fluency, amd mconío, talent (in) speaking,
et in senatu, contra fortem
both @n the senate, again8t (that) courageou8

virum A. Gabinium, cùm is promulgasset legem


^76. n, A. Gabiniu8, when he had proposed the lawo

de constituendo uno imperatore contra praedones,


about appointing one commander against the pirates,
et ex hoc ipso loco item fecisti verba permulta
and from thés very place gou also 8poke ~much

eontra eam legem. 53 Quid? tum, per immortalis


again8t that law. What novo ? then, by the immortal
deos ! si tua auctoritas valuisset apud Romanum
gods ! ¥f your authority had prevailed with the Roman

populum plus quam salus Romani populi


people ~m~vre than the 8afety qf the Roman people
ipsius, vera causa, teneremus hanc gloriam, atque
it8elf, the right cause, 8hould we pos8e88 thi8 glory, amd

hoc imperium orbis terrae hodie? An hoc tum


this command of the world to-day? ID$d this then
videbatur tibi esse imperium, cum legati,
appear to yow to be domînîon, when the amba88adorae,
praetores que quaestores Romani • populi
praetors and quaestors , of the Roman people

capiebantur? cum prohibebamur commeatu


were made captives ? when we were cut off from supplies
et privato et publico ex omnibus
(of provisions) both private and public ' from all .
provinciis? cum omnia maria ita clausa nobis
the province8 ? when all the sea8 vere 8o closed to us
ut possemus iam neque obire privatam
;hat we could at that tíme neither traneact private
neque publicanm rem transmarinam ?
OT* publie bu8ines8 beyond the sea8 ?
~ - e •

54 Quae civitas fuit umquam antea—


What 8tate wba8 there eber* heretofore—
THE, MANILIAN ILAW. 207

non dico Atheniensium, quae dicitur tenuisse


Ido not 8ay of the Athenianæ, vehich (state) $s said to have held
quondam satis late mare,
formerly a 8ufficiently eaeten8ive (command of) the sea,
non Karthaginiensium, qui valuerunt permultum
mor of the Carthagìnìans, vcho prevailed eaetensively
classe que maritimis rebus, non
with the$r fleet amd ~marìtìmè ^re8ource8, ^mo*

Rhodiorum, quorum navalis disciplina et


of the Hhodian8, _ whose maval di8ciplíne and

gloria remansit usque ad nostram


(naval) renown has remained €€?, {o 0?/r*

memoriam—sed quae civitas umquam antea tam


^memory— but what 8tate (was there) ever heretofore eo
tenuis, quae insula tam parva, quae nOn
feeble, (and) what i8land 8o 8mall, which could not

ipsa defenderet suos portus, et agros, et aliquam


étself defend ita harbore, and fields, and 80^ne

partem regionis, atque maritimae orae per


portion of its territory, and maritime coa8t ' by
se? At, hercule, aliquot continuos annos,
£tself ? But, by Hercule8, for 8ome 8ucce88ive years,
ante Gabiniam legem, ille Romanus populus, cuius
before the Gabinian law, that Roman people, vchose
nomen permanserat invictum in navalibus pugnis,
name has remaimed unconquered ín naval battle8,
usque ad nostram memoriam, caruit
even . to (within) our ^memory, has been deprived of
magna, ac multo maxima parte, non modo
a great, and (of) by far the greate8t part, mot only
utilitatis, sed dignitatis atque imperi. 55 Nos,
of usefulnes8, but of dignity and empire. We,
quorum maiores classe superarunt regem Antiochum
vbho8e ancestors with afleet conquered king Antiochus
ue Persen, que omnibus navalibus pugnis
oend (al80) Perse8, amd in all maval engagements
208 CICERO,

vicerunt Karthaginienses, homines exercitatissimos


defeated the Oarthaginians, nem, ~most 8killed

in maritimus rebus que paratissimos, ei,


in maritim6 affairs and well equipped, we, (these verg
poteramus in nullo loco esse iam pares praedonibus;
one8,) could in no place be nouo equal to the pirate8;
nos, qui antea non modo habebamus Italiam
^De, who heretofore not only kept Italy
tutam, sed poteramus praestare omnis socios, in
safe, but could maintain all our allies, in
ultimis oris, salvos auctoritate nostri
the mo8t di8tant coa8t8, 8afe by the authority of our
imperi—tum, cum insula Delos, tam procul
empire— them, when the island of Delo8, 80 far distant
a nobis, posita in Aegaeo mari, quo omnes
from u8, situated in the Aegean sea, in which all

conmmeabant cum mercibus atque oneribus


(merchants) assembled with their wares and freights
referta divitiis, parva sine muro,
filled with riches, (though) 8mall (and) without walls,
timebat nihil— eidem carebamus non modo
feared nothing- even we were cut off not only
provinciis atque maritimis oris Italiae, ac
from the province8 and the sea coa8t8 of Italy, and
nostris portubus, sed etiam iam Appia via;
or* harboré, but even movo from the Appian. way;
et his temporibus magistratus Romani populi
amoe ín the8e time8 a magi8trate of the Roman people

non pudebat escendere in hunc ipsum


wa8 mot a8hamed to come up £nto thi8 very

locum, cum vestri maiores reliquissent


place (the rostrum), although your ancestors had bequeathed
eum vobis ornatum nauticis exuviis et
£t to you adorned (with) naval trophies and

spoliis classium.
the spoils offeets.
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 209

56 Romanus populus, Q. Hortensi, existimavit,


The Homam people, 0 Q. Horten8iu8, considered
te et ceteros, qui erant in eadem sententia,
(that) you and the others, who were of the 8ame opinion,
dicere ea quae sentiebatis, bono
8poke that which you thought, with a good (sincere)
animo, sed tamen idem Romanus populus, in
^mind, but neverthele88 the 8ame Homan people, ín

communi salute, maluit


(am affaér concerníng) the common 8afety, preferred
obtemperare suo dolori . Quam vestrae
to obey their own indignation ~ather tham your
auctoritati. Itaque una lex, unus vir,
authority. Therefore one law, one man (Pompey),
unus annus, non modo liberavit nos illa miseria
one year, not only delivered u8 from that mi8ery
ac turpitudine, sed etiam effecit ut aliquando
and infamy, but al8o cau8ed that once (again)
videremur vere imperare omnibus gentibus ae
we might appear really to commond all people8 amd
nationibus terra que mari. 57 Quo
moetiom8 by land and by sea. 0n which account
etiam videtur mihi indignius
$t also appears to me more unworthy
obtrectatum esse adhuc— dicam
that oppo8ition 8hould have been made hitherto—8hoell I say
Gabinio anne Pompeio, an utrique, id
to Gabinius or* to Pompey, or to both of them, that
quod est verius— ne A. Gabinius
vohich $8 nore likely-le8t A. Gabinius

legaretur Cn. Pompeio, expetenti ac


~might be chosen a lieutenant to On. Pompey, desérîng and
postulanti. Utrum est ille, qui postulat . legatum
requestíng it. I8 he, who reque8t8 a lieutemant
quem velit ad tan(um bellum, non idoneus
vohom he wishes for % great a woer, wnworthy
14
210 CICERO.

qui impetret cum ceteri eduxerint


to obtain his request when otherae have taken out (with
ad expilandos socios, que diripiendas
them) to pillage the allie8, and plunder

provincias, legatos quos voluerunt; an debet


the provinces, the lieutenants whom they desired; or ought
1pse, cuius lege salus ac dignitas
he (Gabinius), by whose law 8afety amd dignity
constituta est Romano populo, atque omnibus
have been given to the Homan people, amd to all

gentibus, esse • expers gloriae imperatoris,


nations, to be deprived of the renown of that commander,
atque eius exercitus, qui constitutus est ipsius
and that armgy, wchich wa8 appointed by his

consilio atque periculo? 58 An potuerunt C. Falcidius,


counsel and at hi8 ri8k ? Could C. Falcidius,
Q. Metellus, Q. Caelius Latiniensis, Cn. Lentulus,
Q. Metellus, Q. Caeliu8 Latinien8i8, Cn. Lentulu8,
omnis quos nomino CalSa honoris,
all whom, I mention for the cau8e of honor (out
Cum. fuissent tribuni plebis,
of respect), when they had been tribunes of the people,
proximo anno esse legati ;
£n the meaet gear (after their tribuneship) be lieutenante;
Sunt tam diligentes in hoc
(and) are (people) 80 €1'act jn (the case of) this

Gabinio uno, qui, in hoc bello, quod geritur


Gabiniu8 alone, voho, in thi8 war, which i8 carried om.
Gabinia lege, in hoc
wmder the Gabìnìam lant, (and) £m. (the case of) this

imperatore, atque exercitu, quem ipse constituit


commander, and this army, which, he himself appointed
per vos, deberet esse etiam praecipuo
through you (your agency), ought to be even of (to have) special
iure? De legando quo, spero consules
rights ? About appointing him a lieutenant, I hope the consuls
THE MANILIAN LAW. 211

relaturos ad senatum. Si qui dubitabunt aut


will refer it to the senate. If they 8hall hesitate or.
gravabuntur, ego profiteor me relaturum. Neque
be reluctant, declare (that) I will refer (it). or*

inimicum edictum cuiusquam, Quirites, impediet


8hall the adver8e edict of any one, 0 Romans, hénder

me fretus vobis, quo minus defendam vestrum ius


^me relying on you, from defending your rights
que beneficium ; neque audiam quicquam,
amd favors; nor will I listen (to) anything,
praeter intercessionem, de
eaecept the interpo8ition (veto of the tribunes), concerning
qua (ut arbitror) isti ipsi, qui minantur,
which (a8 I think) these very (persons), woho threatem
etiam atque etiam considerabunt
(oppo8ition), will again and again con8ider

quid liceat. Quidem mea sententia,


vohat mag be allowed (them). Indeed in my opinion,
Quirites, A. Gabinius unus adscribitur,
0 Roman8, A. Gabinius alome @8 to be enrolled (a8)
socius Cn. Pompeio maritimi belli que
an a88ociate to Cn. Pompey in the maritime moar and

rerum gestarum, propterea quod


eaeploits (in the eaeploit8 of the maritime war), becau8e

alter detulit uni, vestris suffragiis,


the one (Gabinius) gave to one (Pompey), by your vote8,
id bellum suscipiendum alter confecit
that dor* to be undertakem the other finished (it)
delatum que susceptum.
when rece$ved and undertakem.

59 Reliquum est, ut videatur, dicendum esse


It remain8, as it appears, to speak
de auctoritate et sententia Q. Catuli,
concernïng the authority and opinion of Q. Catulu8,
qui, cum quaereret ex vobis si poneretis omnia
wbho, when hô înquîred of you f you placed α'}
212 CICERO.

(your tru8t)
in
in
Cn. Pompeio
Cn. Pompey
uno,
alone,
si
éf
£!
angthing
factum esset de eo, in quo essetis habituri
ahould happen to him, in vohom you would place (your)
spem, cepit magnum fructum Se
tru8t, ~ece$ved a great revoeard for his
virtutis ac dignitatis, cum omnes, prope
bravery and worth, when you all, almost with one

voce, dixistis, vos habituros esse spem in


voice, 8aid (that) you would place (your) hope in
ipso. Etenim est talis vir, ut;
him hóm&elf. For he (Catulus) is auch a man, that
sit nulla res tanta ac tam difficilis quam ille
there is nothing 8o great and 8o difficult that he
possit non et regere consilio, et tuere
co?, mot both dîrect by hi8 counsel, and defend
integritate, et conficere virtute. Sed
by his integrity, and accompli8h by his valor. ' But
in hoc ipso vehementissime dissentio ab
@m this verg matter I mo8t vehemently differ from
eo, quod, quo minus certa, ac minus diuterna,
him, becau8e, the le88 certain, and le88 la8ting,
est vita hominum, : hoc magis res publica
és the life of mam, 8o much the more the republic
debet frui vita atque virtute summi
ought to make use of the life and talents of an illu8trious
hominis, dum licet per immortalis deos.
^motn, while $t $8 allowed by the immortal gods.
60 “At enim nihil novi fiat
“But îndeed (you may 8ay) let nothing new be dome
COntra exempla atque instituta maiorum.”
contrary to the eaeample8 and praetice8 of our ancestors.''
Non dicam hoc loco, nostros maiores
I will not 8ay $n this place (that) our oence8tors

in pace semper paruisse consuetudini, in bello


{n peace alpays conformed to usage, (and) ín vooer
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 213

utilitati, semper accommodasse rationes novorum


to eæpediency, (and)alvays accommodated plan8 from new
consiliorum ad novos casus temporum; non

deliberation to neuo emergencie8 of the times; I will mot


dicam, duo maxima bella, Punicum et
^mention (that) two very important wars, the Punic and
Hispaniense, esse confecta ab uno
the Spanish, were carried through (auccessfully) by one
imperatore, duas potentissimas urbis,
commonder, (that) tabo mo8t powerful citie8,

Karthaginem atque Numantiam, quae maxime


Carthage amd Numantia, which, greatly

minitabantur huic imperio, esse deletas ab eodem


threatened thi8 empire, were de8troyed by the 8ame
Scipione ; non commemorabo, nuper
Scipio; 1 will not remind you (that) a 8hort time ago

visum esse ita vobis que vestris patribus ut


$t 8eemed be$t to you and to your father8 that

spes imperi , poneretur in C. Mario


the hope of the empère should be placed Aen ('. Mariu8

uno, ut idem administraret bellum


alone, (so) that the same (Marius) conducted the war
cum Iugurtha, idem cum . Cimbris, idem
with Jugurtha, the same with the Cimbrian8, (amd) the 8ame
cum Teutonis. 6l Recordamini in
^Dith, the Teutons. H?ecollect ïn (the ca8e of)
ipso Cn. Pompeio, in quo Q. Catulus
thi8 8ame Cn. Pompey, in re8pect to whom Q. Catulu8
volt nihil novi constitui, quam multa
vbi8he8 nothing new to be întroducel, howo ^mamy

nOVa sint constituta 8.

nemo (things) have been adopted with the highe8t


voluntate Q. Catuli.
approbation of Q. Catulus.
Enim quid tam novum, quam
For- what (wa8) 80 unprecedented (a8) that
214 CICERO.

privatum adolescentulum conficere exercitum


a private young man 8hould levy am armg

difficili tempore rei publicae? Confecit.


£n a critical tìme of the republic ? He did levy it.
Praeesse huic ? Praefuit. Gerere
To command it ? He did commond it. To carry through
rem - optime, SlO ductu?
the affa$r mo8t successfully, by his owm guidamce ?
Gessit. Quid tam
He did carry it through (succes8fully). What 8o

praeter consuetudinem quam inmperiunm atque


contrary to u8age a8 (for) commond amd

exercitum dari peradolescenti homini, cuius


am army to be given to a very young ~moem, whose

aetaS longe abesset a senatorio gradu,


age was far distant from the senatorial degree,
Siciliam permitti, atque Africam,
to have Sicily confided (to him), and Africa,
que bellum administrandum in ea,
amd the war to coerry on in the

provincia? Fuit in his provinciis


province ? He was in these provinces (distinguished)
singulari innocentia, gravitate, virtute ;
for hi8 uncommon hone8ty, dignity (and) valor;
confecit maximum bellum in Africa,
he terminated a very great war in. Africa, (and)
deportavit exercitum victorem. Quid vero
brought back hi8 army victoriou8. What £ndeed

tam inauditum, quam Romanum equitem


8o unheard-of, a8 that a Romam knight
triumphare? At quoque eam rem
8hould have a triumph ? But edem, this thing

Romanus populus non modo vidit, sed etiam putavit


the Roman people not only saw, but also thought
visendam et celebrandam studio omni.
ought to be 8een amd thronged with the zeal of oell.
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 215

62 Quid tam inusitatum quam ut, cum essent


What 80 unu8ual a8 that, when there were

duo clarissimi que fortissimi consules, Romanus


two mo8t illu8triou8 and mo8t brave consul8, a Roman
eques mitteretur ad maximum que
knight should be 8ent t0 a very great and

formidolosissimum bellum pro consule?


~mo8t dangerous od/r* (a8) proconsul ? ( Yet)
Missus est. Quo tempore quidem, cum eSSet,
he wa8 8ent. At this tîme éndeed, whem there voa8

non nemo in senatu qui diceret privatum


807« 0?« in the 8enate voho said (that) a private
hominem oportere non mitti pro consule,
107, ought not to be 8ent (a8) procon8ul,
L. Philippus dicitur dixisse §.
L. Philippus £8 8a£d. to hoeve 8a£d. (that) £n hi8

sententia se non mittere illum pro consule,


opinion he would not 8emd him for one con8ul,
sed pro consulibus. Tanta spes
but for (both) the con$ulæ. So great voa8 the hope
constituebatur in eo bene gerendae
placed @n him of succe88fully conducting (the
rei publicae, ut mlnlS duorum
affairs of) the republîc, that the office of the two
consulum committeretur virtuti unius
con8uls woa8 emtru8ted to the valor of one
adolescentis. Quid tam singulare quam
young mam. What ($8 there) 8o eaetraordinary «8

ut, solutus legibus, ex senatus consulto,


that, being freed from the laws, by a decree of the 8enate,
fieret consul, ante quam licuisset per
he wa8 made consul, before it was allowed h$m by
leges capere ullum alium magistratum ? Quid
lawo to hold ang/ other ^magistracy? W7hat

tam incredibile quam ut Romanus eques


80 £ncredible «8 that a Homam knight
216 CICERO.

triumpharet iterum ex senatus consulto?


should have a triumph a second time by. decree qf the senate ?
quae InOVa, constituta sunt
whatever new things (unusual precedents) have been established
in omnibus hominibus post memoriam
@n (the case of) all € since the memory
hominum, ea sunt non tam multa quam
of man, (all) these are not 8o mang c&

haec quae vidimus in hoc uno homino.


those wohich we 8ee in this one ^mam (Pompey).
63 Atque haec tot exempla, tanta ac
And the8e 8o numerous eæamples, eo great and
tam nova, profecta sunt eundem
8o movel, have occurred in (the case of) this same
hominem a auctoritate Q. Catuli,
(07, (Pompey) (arising) from the authority of Q. Catulus,
atque a ceterorum amplissimorum hominum
and from (that) of other $llu8trious rem,

eiusdem dignitatis.
of the 8ame ramk.

Qua re videant, ne sit periniquam,


W7ierefore let them see to it, lest it be very unju8t,
et non ferendum, illorum auctoritatem
and mot to be borne, (that) the$r authority
de dignitate Cn. Pompei semper
vespecting the dignity of On. Pompey ha& always
comprobatam esse a vobis, vestrum iudicium
been approved of by you, (but that) your judgment
de eodem homine que auctoritatem
concerning the same om. amd the authority
Romani populi improbari ab illis ; praesertim
of the Roman people is disregarded by them; ' especially
cum iam SO iure Romanus populus possit
when mow $n the$r owm right the Homan - people ca,

defendere suam auctoritatem in hoc


defend their authority $n the case of thés
THE MANII,IAN ILAW. 217

homine,• vel contra omnis qui


q. dissentiant,
?moeroe, ««/, again8t all who di8pute it,
propterea quod isdem istis reclamantibus,
becau8e when the8e very same one8 objected,

vos delegistis illum unum ex omnibus quem


3/0u. 8elected hém alone from all whom,

praeponeretis bello praedonum. 64 Si vos


you wnight appoint to the war with the pirates. If you
fecistis hoc temere, et parum consuluistis
déd this ra8hly, and (but) little consulted

rei publicae, recte isti conantur


(the intere8t8) of the republic, rightly do the8e endeavor
regere vestra studia suis consiliis ; sin,
to regulate your wishes by their counsel8; but •f,
autem, vos tum vidistis plus in
however, you them 80/ more (deeply) into (the
re publica, vos,
ínterest of) the republic (than they did), (£f) you,
his repugnantibus, per vosmet ipsos attulistis
though these opposed, by yourselves conferred
dignitatem huic imperi, salutem
dignity upon thi8 empère, (and) 8afety
orbi terrarum, isti principes
upon the whole world, let the8e chiefs (of the 8enate)
aliquando fateantur, et sibi et
at length confe88 (that) both ' they themselve8 and
ceteris parendum esse auctoritati universi Romani '
others - ' mu8t obey the authority of the entíre Roman
populi. Atque in hoc Asiatico et regio bello,
people. And in thi8 A8iatic and 7oyal war,

non solum illa militaris virtus quae est singularis


not only that military talent ^chich ® eminent

in Cn. Pompeio, sed quoque multae aliae et magnae


@n Cn. Pompey, but also many other and great
virtutes animi requiruntur. Est difficile
qualitie8 of the mind are requîred. It is . déficult
218 CICERO.

vestrum imperatorem in Asia, Cilicia, Syria, que


for your commander in Asia, Cilicia, Syria, and
regnis interiorum nationum, versari
@n the kingdoms of the interior nation&, to behave

ita ut cogitet nihil aliud quam


in 8uch a manner a8 to think of nothing else tham

de hoste C de laude. IDeinde


concerming the enemy and concerning renovcn. T/uem

etiam, si sunt qui sunt moderatiores


al80, èf there are (those) who are held in restraint
pudore ac temperantia, tamen nemo arbitratur
by modesty and self-control, get mo one thinks

eos esse talis propter multitudinem


(that) they are such on account of the multitude
cupidorum hominum. 65 Est difficile dictu,
of avariciou8 ^nen. It is difficult to 8ay,

Quirites, in quanto odio simus apud exteras


0 Romans, in what great hatred we are among foreign
nationes, propter iniurias ac libidines
notions, om account of the injuries and licentiousne88
eorum quos misimus ad eas per hos annos
of those whom we have 8ent to them during the8e years
cum imperio. Enim quod fanum putatis, in
vnith the command. For what temple do you think, in
illis terris, religiosum nostris
tho&e coumtrie8, (has been) 8acred to our

magistratibus, quam civitatem sanctam,


magi8trate8, what city (has been) 8acred,
quam domum fuisse satis clausam ac
wbhat hou8e has been 8ufficiently 8hut amd

munitam ? Iocupletes ac copiosae urbes iam


fortified? Rich. and opulent cïtîes ore ?0?o

. requiruntur, quibus causa belli inferatur


soughtfor, against which a preteaet for war mag be alleged
propter cupiditatem diripiendi.
om account of the de8$re of plunderüng (them).
THE MANILIAN LAW. 219

66 Libenter disputarem haec CO8


I would willingly di8cu88 the8e things publicly
cum Q. Catulo et Q. Hortensio, summis et
with Q. Catulus and Q. Hortensius, most eminent and
clarissimis viris ; enim noverunt volnera
$llu$triou8 mem; for they have known the wounds
sociorum, vident eorum calamitates, audiunt
of the allie8, they 8ee their calamitie8, they hear their
querimonias. Putatis vos mittere exercitum
complaints. Do you thénk (that) you are 8ending an army
contra hostis pro sociis, an,
against the enemy for (the protection of your) allies, or,
simulatione hostium, contra socios atque
under the pretence of ememie8, against allie8 amd

amicos? Quae civitas est in Asia quae possit


friend8 ? What city £8 there $m Asia which c?,

capere animos ac spiritus, non modo imperatoris,


endure the pride and in8olence, not only of a commander,
aut legati, sed unius tribuni militum ?
or of a legate, but of a single tribune of the 8oldiers ?
Qua re, etiam si habetis quem qui,
Wherefore, even, £f you have amy one who,
signis collatis,
with 8tandard8 (already) collected (the struggle having
videatur posse superare regios
'•
commenced), mag 8eem to be able to overcome the rogal
exercitus, tamen, nisi erit idem qui possit
armies, neverthele88, unle88 he 8hall be ome who can,
cohibere se a pecuniis sociorum, qui
restrain himself from the money of the allie8,
who (can
manus, oculos, animum
ab eorum
restra $n) his hands, his eyes, and hi8 mind from their
coniugibus ac liberis, qui ab
wîve8 and children, who (can re8train them) from
ornamentis fanorum atque oppidorum, qui
the ornamenta qf the temple8 and of the towns, vcho (cam
220 CICERO.

ab auro que regia gaza, nOn


keep them) from the gold and royal treasures, he will not
erit idoneus qui mittatur ad Asiaticum que
be a proper person to be sent to the Asiatic and

regium bellum. 67 Putatis, ecquam


rogal dor. Do you think (that) ang

civitatem quae sit locuples pacatam fuisse?


city óhich is rich has been made peaceful ? (or)
esse ecquam locupletem quae videatur istis
(that) there is amy rich (city) which seems to these
pacata esse? Maritima ora, Quirites,
(commanders) to be subdued? The 8ea coa8t, 0 Romans,
requisivit Cn. Pompeium, non solum propter
requested Cn. Pompey, not only om account qf
gloriam militaris rei, sed etiam propter
the renown qf his military eaeploits, but also on account qf
continentiam animi. Enim
the moderation of his mind. For (the people inhabitìng the
videbat, Romanum populum O
seacoa8t) 8aw (that) the Roman people ^dere mot

locupletari quot annis publica pecunia praeter


$made richer from year to year by the public . money eæcept

paucos; neque nos adsequi quicquam aliud,


afew; mor déd we attain angthing el8e,
nomine classium, nisi ut, accipiendis,
by the name qf our fleets, eaecept that, by 8u8taining
detrimentis, videremur adfici maiore
injurie8, we seemed to be affected with greater

turpitudine. Nunc, qua cupiditate,


disgrace. Now, with what cupidity (to obtain money),
quibus iacturis, quibus conditionibus, homines
with what bribery, on what - terms, ' ^mem,

profisciscantur in provincias, isti ignorant,


go to the provinces, are the8e umambare,

videlicet, qui non arbitrantur omnia


for$ooth, who do not think (that) all (command)
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 221

deferenda essé ad unum ? Quasi vero, IO


is to be conferred on one man ? As if indeed we déd not

videamus Cn. Pompeium esse magnum, cum


perce$ve Cn. Pompey to be great, a8 woell

suis virtutibus, tum etiam vitiis alienis.


by hi8 own vìrtue8, (8 al8o by the vice8 (of) others.
68 Qua re nolite dubitare quin credatis omnia
Wherefore do not he8£tate to emtrw8t all

huic uni, qui, inter ' tot annos, unus


to thi8 one man, who, for 80 mamy years, alone
inventus sit quem socii gaudeant venisse
has been found whom the allies rejoice (to see) con

in suas urbis cum exercitu.


£nto theír town8 with an army.
Quod si, Quirites, putatis hanc causam
But íf, 0 Romans, you think thés coete

confirmandam auctoritatibus, vobis est,


ought to be confirmed by authoritie8, gou have, (a8)
auctor, P. Servilius, vir
advi8er of the measure, P. Servilìus, 0, 07,

peritissimus omnium bellorum, que maximarum


mo8t eaperienced ín all wa/rs, and in the greate8t

rerum, cuius res gestae tantae, terra que mari,


affairs, wh , 8e eaeploits 8o great, by land and 860,
exstiterunt, ut, Cln deliberetis
have been (8o) prominent, that, when, you deliberate
de bello, nemo debeat esse vobis
concerming war, no one ought to be (considered) by you
gravior auctor : est,
(a8) a more weighty adviser (ín this measure): there £8

C. Curio praeditus vestris summis beneficiis,


0. 0'wr$o endowed with your highest favor8,
summo , ingenio et prudentia, que gestis
of the greatest talent and prudence, and having performed
maximis rebus ; est Cn. Lentulus, in quo
the greate8t ea:ploits; there is On. Lentulus, in whom,
222 CICERO.

omnes cognovistis, pro vestris amplissimis


you all have known, by reason of your mo8t ample
honoribus, esse summum consilium, Summam
honors, there is the wisest counsel (and) the greatest
gravitatem ; est C. Cassius, -

influence ; there i8 C. Cassius, (distinguished by his)


integritate, virtute, singulari constantia.
integrity, virtue (and) coro, constancy.
Qua re videte, num videamur posse
Wherefore 8ee (them), whether we appear to be able
respondere orationi illorum qui dissentiunt,
to reply to the words qf those vcho dissent from (us),
auctoritatibus horum.
by the authority of the8e.
69 Cum quae sint ita, C. Manili,
8ince these things are 80, 0. Manilius,
primum, laudo, que vehementissime comprobo
£n thefirst place, I praîse, and eæceedingly approve

et istam tuam legem, et voluntatem et


both th£8 gyour law, and gour purpose and

sententiam ; deinde hortor te, ut, Romano


8entiment8; neaet I eaehort you, that,
the Roman
populo auctore, maneaS in
people approving, gyou mag remain (8teadfast) in (your)
sententia, neve pertimescas vim aut minas
opinion, and not fear the violence or threats
cuiusquam. Primum arbitror eSSe

of any one. In the first place Ibelieve (that) there is


satis perseverantiae animi in te ; deinde, cum
enough per8everance of mind in you; meaet, when,

videamus tantam multitudinem adesse,


de 8e 80 great a multitude assembled here present,

eum tanto studio, quantam nunc videmus iterum


wowth 8o great zeal, 8 de moto 8ee a 8ecomd tìme

in praeficiendo eodem homine ;


(di8played) in appointing to command the same ?boedi,
THE MANILIAN ILAW. 223

- quid est quod dubitemus, aut de


(Pompey) ; why is it that we doubt, either concerning
re aut de facultate perficiendi ?
the affair or* of the power (of) accomplishing it ?

/
Autem, quicquid studi, consili, laboris,
( Moreover, whatever of zeal, of counsel, of indu8try,
ingeni, est in me, quicquid possum hoc
of talent, Ihave, vohoetever Iam able to do by this

beneficio Romani populi, atque hac praetoria


favor of the Roman people, and by this praetorian.
potestate, quicquid auctoritate,
power, whatever (I am able to do) by my authority,
fide, constantia, ego polliceor ac defero omne
credit, and perseverance, I promi8e and offer all

id tibi et Romano populo, ad


thi8 to you (Manilius) and to the Homan people, for
conficiendam hanc rem. 70 Que teStOr
the accomplishing this affa£r. And 1 <all to witne88

omnis deos, et eos maxime qui praesident


all the gods, and those most especially who pre8ide over
huic loco que templo, qui maxime perspiciunt
th£8 place and temple, who especially 8ee into

mentis omnium eorum qui adeunt ad


the mémds of all those who g0 ro

rem publicam,
the republic (who apply themselves to public affairs), (that)
me neque facere hoc rogatu cuiusquam,
I. neither am doing this at the reque8t qf any one,

neque quo putem per hanc causam conciliari


m0r becau8e Ithink by thi8 cau8e to concilîate

gratiam Cn. Pompei mihi, neque quo quaeram


the favor of Cn. Pompey for me, mor that Imag 8eek
eX amplitudine cuiusquam, aut praesidia
from the dignity ofany one, either protection
mihi periculis, aut adiumenta
for my8elf in dangers, or aids (in acquiring)
224 CICERO.

honoribus; propterea quod, tecti innocentia,


honors; becau8e, 8hielded by innocence,
facile repellemus pericula, ut oportet hominem
we 8hall ea8ily repel dangere, a8 it becomes a non

praestare, autem consequemur honores, neque ab


to do, and we shall obtain honora, neither from
uno, neque ex hoc loco, sed illa nostra
one (person), mor from this place, but by that our

eadem laboriosissima ratione vitae, si vestra


8o/ ^most laboriou8 course qf life, £f your (kind)
voluntas feret. 71 Quam ob rem, quicquid
wishe& 8u8tain (u8). Wherefore, wchatever

susceptum est in hac causa mihi, Quirites,


has been undertaken in thi8 cause (by) me, 0 Homans,
confirmo me suscepisse id omne CallSa
I assure (you that) I undertook it all for the 8ake
rei publicae ; que tantum abest,
of the republic; and so much îs it out (of my thought8),
ut videar quaesisse mihi aliquam
that I 8eem to have sought for myself amy

bonam gratiam, ut etiam intellegam


favor, thowt I even know (that)

suscepisse multas simultates partim obseuras,


I have íncurred ^many enmities partly hiddem,

partim apertas, non necessarias mihi, non


partly opem, rot : nece88ary for me, 7wot

inutilis vobis. Sed ego statui,


without use to you. Bwt determíned (that)
oportere me praeditum hoc honore,
£t behooved ^?e $mve8ted ^0$th thi8 honor, (and)
affectum, Quirites, vestris tantis beneficiis,
loaded, O Romam8, with your ^many favor8,
praeferre vestram voluntatem, et dignitatem
to prefer gyour ^οῦll, amd the dignity
rei pnblicae, et salutem provinciarum atque
of the republic, - and the 8afety qf the provinces and
THE MANILIAN LAW.

sociorum, omnibus meis commodis


of the allies, to all my own advantage
rationibus.
£nterests.

15
226 CICERO.

PARIDON OF MARCELLUS.

l Hodiernus dies, conscripti patres, attulit


Thés. day, con8cript fathers, has brought
finem diuturni silenti, quo
an end (has made an end) of my long 8ilence, which
his temporibus eram usus— nOIl

{n these tîmes I have made use of (have indulged in)—mot


aliquo timore, sed partim dolore, partim
from any fear, but partly from sorrow, partly
veracundia— que idem
from mode8ty—and at the same time (has brought)
initium dicendi, meo pristino more, quae
the beginning qf 8aying, in my old ^mammer, wchat

vellem, que quae sentirem. Enim nullo modo


I wished, and what Ithought. For $n mo wise

possum praeterire tacitus tantam mansuetudinem,


can I pa88 over in silence 8uch great humanity,

tam inusitatam que inauditam clementiam, tantum


such unu8ual and umheard of clemency, 8uch great
modum omnium rerum, in summa potestate,
moderation, ém all things, @n the highest power

denique, tam
(when possessed of unlimited power), £n fine, such

incredibilem ac paene divinam sapientiam. 2 Enim


©ncredible and mearly dîvîne wisdom. Foj*

- M. Marcello reddito, conscripti patres,


(sînce) M. Marcellus £8 restored, 0 conscript fathere,
vobis que rei publicae, puto O
to you amd to the republic, Ithink (that) no£
PARDON OF MARCELLUS, 227

solum illius vocem et auctoritatem, sed etiam


omly h£8 vo$ce amoe authority, but al8o

meam conservatam ac restitutam, et vobis


^mine @8 preserved amd re8tored, both, to you
et rei publicae.
amd to the republic.
Enim dolebam, conseripti patres, et
For- Igrieved, con8cript fathers, amd

vehementer angebar, cum viderem talem virum,


wa8 greatly distre88ed, when, 1 8ano 8uch a man,

in eadem causa in qua ego fuissem,


(who wa8) in the 8ame cau8e in which I had been,
non esse in eadem fortuna ; nec poteram
^ot enjoyöng the 8a me fortune; nor could 1
persuadere mihi, nec ducebam esse fas
per8uade ^my8elf, m0r° did I think that it was right
Ine versari in nostro veteri curriculo,
(that) I 8hould be engaged in my old career,

illo, aemulo atque imitatore meorum studiorum


when, he, the rival and ímítator of my 8tudie8

ac laborum quasi quodam socio et


amd labor& (and), a8 it were, (? a88ociate amd

comite, distracto 8, me.


companion, wa8 8eparated from $$e.

Et; ergo, C. Caesar, aperuisti mihi


And therefore, 0 0. Cae8ar, you 7iave opened to me
consuetudinem meae pristinae vitae, interclusam,
the habits of my former lífe, (which) were clo8ed,
et sustulisti quasi aliquod signum omnibus
and you have raised, a8 it were, a 8tandard for al.
his ad sperandum bene de omni
tho8e (pre8ent) to hope well concernïng the entíre
re publica. 3 Enim intellectum est mihi, in
^epublic. For it wa8 made apparent to me, £n

multis, et maxime in me ipso,


<many (instance8), . and prìncìpally în me myself, (and)
228 CICERO.

sed paulo ante omnibus, cum concessisti


but a little before (now) to all, when you granted
M. Marcellum senatui que Romano populo,
M. Marcellus to the senate and to the Homan people,
praesertim commemoratis offensionibus,
especially (after) having made mention (of his) offences,
te anteferre , auctoritatem huius ordinis,
(that) you preferred the authority of this . order

- que dignitatem rei publicae, vel tuis


(the senate), and the dignity of the republic, either to your
doloribus vel suspicionibus.
re8emtmemt or 8u8picion
Ille quidem hodierno die cepit maximum
He (Marcellus) £ndeed to-day received the greate8t
fructum omnis ante actae vitae, cum SummO

reward of all hi8 past lífe, a8 well by the unanimous


consensu Senatus tum praeterea tuo
consent of the 8enate «8 moreover by your (Caesar's)
gravissimo et maximo iudicio. Ex quo
~most 8olemn and 8upreme judgment. From thig

profecto intellegis quanta sit laus


$ndeed gou mag under8tamd honc great is your remowm
in beneficio dato, cum sit tanta
£n this benefit conferred, since there $e 8o much

gloria in accepto. Ille vero est fortunatus,


glory (to him) $n receiving it. He indeed is fortunate,
eX cuius salute non paene minor laetitia
from who8e 8afety not 8carcely less joy

pervenerit ad omnis quam ventura sit ad ipsum.


vn£ll accrue to all than will come to himself.
4 Quod quidem contigit ei merito,
This (favor) $mdeed has happened to hîm deservedly,
atque optimo iure. Enim quis est praestantior
and with the best right. For who $$ more eaccellent

illo, aut nobilitate, aut probitate,


(than) he, either in nobility (of birth), or probity,
PABDON OF MARCELLUS, 229

aut studio optimarum artium, aut


or* the cultivation of the most liberat art&, 0*

innocentia, aut ullo genere laudis?


in purity of lèfe, Or* in ang k£md of eaecellence ?

Tantum flumen ingeni est nullius,


Such a 8tream of geniu8 @8 of no one (no one
tanta vis, tanta'
possesses such a flow of genius), 8uch power, (and) 8uch
copia dicendi aut scribendi nullius,
copiou8ne88 of 8peaking or of writing ($8) of no one,
quae possit non dicam exornare, sed,
wohìch. I^Oíll mOt 803/ to embelli8h, but (even),

C. Caesar, enarrare tuas res gestas. Tamen, affirmo,


0 0.- Cae8ar, to relate your eæploits. However, I a88ert,
et tua pace dicam hoc, nullam
and with your permi88ion, I will 8ay this, (that) no
laudem esse ampliorem in his quam eam
^'enowm £8 more glorious ín the8e (eaeploits) than that
quam consecutus es hodierno die. 5 Soleo
vnhich you have acquíred this day. Iam accu8tomed

saepe ponere ante oculos, que libenter


often to place (thi8) before my eye8, and willingly
usurpare id crebris sermonibus, ' omnis
to maintain it in frequent conver8ation&, (that) all

res gestas nostrorum imperatorum, omnis exterarum


the deeds of our commandere, all (tho8e) qfforeign

gentium,
mation&,
que
and
potentissimorum populorum,
. of the most powerful
people,
omnis
all

clarissimorum regum, posse conferri cum


(those) of the most celebrated kings, can be compared with
tuis nec magnitudine contentionum, nec
yours neither ín the greatneas , of the struggles, nor
inUlImerO proeliorum, neC varietate
in the number of the battles, ^or* £n the variety
regionum, nec celeritate conficiendi, nec
qf the countriee, nor in the quickneas qf action, nor*
230 CICERO.

dissimilitudine bellorum ; neC verO,


in the diversity of the wara; mor* $ndeed (chat)
disiunctissimas terras potuisse
the most wödely 8eparated countrie8 cvwçd have

peragrari citius passibus cuiusquam,


been travelled over more 1'apidly by thefootstep8 of amug one,
quam lustratae sint, non dicam cursibus,
tham were pa88ed through, I will not aay by your wnarches,
sed victoriis.
but by your victories.
6 Quidem nisi ego fatear quae
Indeed unle88 I 8hould confe88 (that) theze things
esse ita magna, ut vix mens aut cogitatio
are 8o great, that 8carcely the mind or imagination
cuiusquam possit capere ea, sim
of any one c0?, comprehend them, I 8hould be
amens ; sed tamen sunt alia
devoid of rea8om; but yet there are otker things
maiora. Nam quidam solent extenuare
greater For- 80ne are accu8tomed to depreciate
verbis bellicas laudes, que detrahere eas
by their words military praise, and to detract those
ducibus, communicare
(prai8e8) from the general8, (and) to 8hare (them)
cum multis, ne

with many (with the soldiers), (8o that) they may not
sint propriae imperatorum. Et; certe
be the peculiar (right) of the commander8. And certainly
in armis virtus militum, opportunitas
£n military affairs the bravery ofthe 8oldiers, the advantage
locorum, auxilia sociorum, classes
of po8itions, the a88i8tance of allie8, fleets (and)
commeatus iuvant multum ; vero Fortuna vindicat
supplies help ~much; but Fortune cla$mae

sibi maximam partem, quasi


for herself the greate8t part (of 8ucce88), (..
PARIDON OF MARCEILIUS. 231

suo iure, et quicquid est gestum prospere,


her ovom right, and whatever has been done succe88fully,
ducit id paene omne suum.
8he con8ider& $t almo8t all her own (work).
7 At vero, C. Caesar, habes neminem
But truly, 0 C. Cae8ar, you have no one (a8)
socium huius gloriae, quam es adeptus paulo
a partner qf thi8 glory, which you have obta$ned a little
ante. Totum hoc, quantumcumque est,
before (just now). All thi8, however great ít ís,

(quod certe maximum,) est totum, inquam, \


(which certainly [i8] very great,) i8 all, I 8ay,
tuum. Centurio decerpit nihil eX ista
your$. The centurion plucks nothing from thî8

laude sibi, praefectus nihil,


renovom for himself, the prefect (of cavalry) nothing,
cohors nihil, turma
the cohort (of ínfantry) nothing, the troop (of cavalry)
nihil. Quin, etiam Fortuna, illa ipsa domina
nothing. Way, even Fortune, that verg mistre88
humanarum rerum, non offert Sé in
of human affairs, doe8 not pre8ent her8elf for
societatem istius gloriae ; cedit tibi ;
a 8hare of this glory; 8he cede8 , (all) to you;
fatetur - esse totam et propriam tuam.
she confesses (that) £t is all and peculiarly yours.
Enim numquam temeritas commiscetur cum sapientia,
For- 7never £8 ra8hme88 ^mingled with wisdom,
neC casus admittitur ad consilium.
nor £s chamce admitted to the counsels (of prudence).
8 IDomuisti gentis barbaras immanitate,
You have conquered mations 8avage in their ferocity,
innumerabilis multitudine, infinitas locis,
countle88 £n the$r numbers, immen8e £n eaetent,
abundantis omni genere copiarum ; sed tamen
abounding $m all kinds of re8ource8; but yet
232 CICERO.

vicisti € quae habebant naturam et


you conquered those things which had the mature and

condicionem ut possent vinci ; enim eSt


condition that they might be conquered; for there is
nulla vis tanta quae possit non debilitari
^0 8trength 8o great which may not be weakened
que frangi ferro ac viribus. Vincere animum,
and broken by arms and force. To conquer the mind,
cohibere iracundiam, temporare victoriam, non modo
to repres8 anger, to temper victory, mot only

extollere iacentem adversarium praestantem nobilitate,


to ra$$e up a pro8trate foe eæcelling in noble birth,
ingenio virtute, sed etiam * amplificare eius
talent& (and) virtue, but al8o to enlarge his

pristinam dignitatem, ego non comparo eum qui


former dignity, I do not compare him who
faciat haec cum summis viris, sed iudico
doe8 this with the mo8t illustriou8 men, but think
simillimum deo.
(him) mo8t like a god.
9 Itaque, C. Caesar, illae tuae laudes bellicae
Therefore, C. Cae8ar, tho8e your praises in war
celebrabuntur, quidem non solum nostris litteris
will be celebrated îndeed not only in our literature

atque linguis, sed paene omnium gentium,


oend language, but (in that) of almost all nation&,

neque
70* will
umquam
even*
ulla
any
aetas
age
conticescet
be 8ilent
de
about
tuis
your
laudibus. Sed tamen res eius modi, nescio
praise. , But yet things qf this kind, . I know not
quo modo, etiam cum leguntur, videntur
how, eden, wchem, they are read, ' appear

obstrepi clamore militum, et


to be Overvdhelmed. by the shout8 of the 8oldiers, amd

8OnO tubarum. At vero, cum aut


by the sound qf the trumpets. But ' indeed, when either
PARIDON OF MARCELLUS, 238

audimus aut legimus aliquid factum


wce hear Or read (that) something has been done
clementer, mansuete, iuste, moderate,
with clemency, humanity, justice, moderation (and)
sapienter—praesertim in iracundia, quae est inimica
wisdom — e8pecially ' in awger, which i8 ìnìmical

consilio, et in victoria, quae natura


to (prudent) counsel, and in victory, which by nature
est insolens et superba— quo studio incendimur,
£8 in8olent and haughty- with what ardor are we inflamed,
non modo in rebus gestis, sed etiam
not only in things (actually) performed, but ee,

in fictis, ut saepe diligamus eos quos


£n fictitiou8 things, so that often we love . tho8e vchom
numquam vidimus ! 10 Vero te, quem
we have Aeneber* 8een ! But you, whom,
intuemur praesentem, cuius mentem que
we behold (here) pre8ent, who8e 7mind amd

sensus : cernimus eos ut quiequid


feelings we perceive those (to be such, that - all that
fortuna belli reliquum fecerit rei publicae
the fortune of war has left to the republic
velis id esse salvum, quibus laudibus
gyou wish that to be 8afe, with what prai8e8
efferemus? quibus studiis prosequemur?
shall we eaetol (you)? with what zeal shall we follow
qua benevolentia complectemur?
(you) ? with what affection 8hall we embrace (you) ?
Parietes huius : curiae, (me dius fidius!)
The (very) walls of thi8 8enate-house, (may Jupiter help me !)
ut videntur mihi, gestiunt agere gratias tibi,
a8 they 8eem to me, eaeult to return thanks to you,
quod brevi tempore illa auctoritas
becau8e in a short time that authority (of the senate)
futura sit et in his suis
will hereafter be (will be restored) both in this the$r
234 CICERO.

sedibus suorum maiorum,


(the senators') abode (and that) of their oemcestor8.

P}jja cum viderem modo cum vobis


ndeed when I 8aw just novo with g/ow

lacrimas C. Marcelli, optimi viri, et


the tears of 0. Marcellus, a most eæcellent man, and

praediti commemorabili pietate,


endowed with commendable affection (for his brother),
memoria omnium Marcellorum obfudit meum
the recollection of all the Marcelli gushed over ^my

pectus. M. Marcello conservato, tu


heart Since M. Marcellus has been preserved, you (Caesar)
reddidisti suam dignitatem etiam
have re8tored their dignity even (to those Marcelli)

quibus mortuis, que paene vindicasti ab


who are dead, and you have nearly saved from
interitu nobilissimam familiam, iam redactam ad
perishing a most noble family, novo reduced to

paucos. ll Tu igitur iure antepones


a few. You therefore with right will prefer
hunc diem tuis maximis et innumerabilibus
thi8 day to your greatest amd countle88

gratulationibus. Enim haec res est propria


congratulation&. For- this affair is the peculiar
Caesaris unius; illae ceterae gestae, te
(right) of Caesar alone; tho8e other deeds, with you
duce, magnae quidenm, sed tamen
a8 general, (are) great £mdeed, but yet (were
multo que magno comitatu.
performed) with a numerou8 and great train

Autem tu es idem et
«of associate8). But you are at the same time both
dux et comes huius rei ;
general and associate qfthi8 affair (pardoning Marcellus);
quae quidem est tanta, ut aetas
which £mdeed $8 80 great, that (though) age
PARI)ON OF MARCELLUS. 235

allatura sit finem tuis tropaeis que monumentis—


may brüng an end to your trophie8 and ^monumerwts-—

enim est nihil factum opere aut


for there i8 nothing made by labor or by the hand
quod aliquando . vetustas O.

(of man) which some or another length oeftime mag not


conficiat et consumat-— 12 at haec tua iustitia
di88ipate and consume— yet truly this your ju8tice
et lenitas animi cotidie florescet magis,
and lenity of mind will every day become more celebrated,
ita ut quantum diuturnitas detrahet tuis
8o that as much a$ time will detract from your

operibus, tantum afferat laudibus. Et quidem


deeds, 8o much it will add to your glory. And indeed
viceras omnis ceteros victores civilium
you have 8urpa88ed all other conqueror8 in the civil
bellorum aequitate et misericordia iam ante,
do^* δn equity and mercy long before,
vero hodierno die ' vicisti te ipsum.
but om thés day' you have 8urpa88ed gour8elf.

Vereor ut hoc quod dicam possit non perinde


Ifear that that which I 8ay mag not a8 well

intellegi auditu atque ipse sentio


be understood by hearing (it ) a8 I my8elf
feel (ît)
cogitans. Videris vicisse victoriam
wpon reflection. You appear to have conquered victory
ipsam cum remisisti victis ۉ.

her8elf when you gave back to the conquered those things


quae illa erat adepta. Nam cum
which 8he had obtained (for you). : For vohem

conditione victoriae ipsius OmneS


by the conditions of victory herself de all

victi iure occidissemus,


(who were) conquered night by right have fallen,
sumus conservati iudicio tuae clementiae.
we have been preserved by the judgment ofyour clemency,
236 CICERO.

Recte igitur unus es invictus, 8.


Rightly therefore (you) alone are unconquered, by
quo etiam condicio que vis victoriae
vohom even the condítíoné and power of victory
ipsius devicta est.
herself have been conquered.
18 Atque, conscripti patres, attendite quam late
And, 0 conscript fathers, observe how far
hoc iudicium C. Caesaris pateat ; enim omnes
thi8 decision of C. Caesar eætends; for all (of us)
qui sumus compulsi ad illa arma,
who were compelled to those arms (the civil war),
nescio quo misero que funesto fato rei publicae,
by 8ome miserable and fatal desting of the republîc,
etsi tenemur aliqua culpa humani
although we are charged with 8ome fault of human
erroris, certe liberati sumus a scelere. Nam,
error, certainly arefree from crime. For,

cum, vobis deprecantibus, conservavit M. Marcellum


when, by your entreaty, he preserved M. Marcellus
rei publicae, reddidit me et mihi, et,
to the republîc, he restored me both to myself, amd

item rei publicae, nullo deprecante,


lîkewíse to the republic, while mo one entreated (for
reliquos amplissimos viros
ne), (he also restored) tho8e other illu8triou8 íeí,

ipsos et sibi et patriae ;


themselve8 both, to themselves and to the$r country;
et quorum frequentiam et dignitatem videtis
both whose mumbers amd dignity gyou 8ee

in hoc ipso consessu. Ille non induxit


in this very. a88embly. He ha8 not brought (ang)
hostis in curiam, sed iudicavit,
enemies into the senate-house, but he has decided (that)
bellum
the war
esse
wa8,
susceptum
^umdertakem
a
by
plerisque,
the most (of them)
PARIDON OF MARCELI.US. 237

potius ignoratione et falso atque


rather from want of knowledge and from a fal8e and
inani metu, quam cupiditate aut crudelitate.
groumdle88 feoer, tham from cupidity or cruelty.
14 In quo bello quidem semper putavi
In that war émdeed I alway8 thought
de pace audiendum,
(that propo8al8) re8pecting peace ought to be li8tened to,
que semper dolui non modo pacem, sed
and Ialway8 grieved (that) not only peace, but
etiam orationem civium flagitantium
6be, the emtreatie8 ofcitizens earne8tly begging (for)

pacem repudiari. Enim ego umquam secutus sum


peace 8hould be rejected. For I mever followed
neque illa, neC ulla civilia
(took a part in) either the$e, 07* amy cùvùl

arma ; que semper mea consilia fuerunt socia


war; amd alway8 my coum8el& were a88ociated

pacis et togae, O. belli


with peoece and the goucm (civil affairs), not with war
atque armorum. Secutus sum hominem
amd ®^°???8. Ifollowed the man (Pompey) from

privato officio, non publico; que


(a 8en8e of) private duty, mot public; and

tantum fidelis memoria grati


8o great did the faithful remembrance of a grateful
animi valuit apud me, ut non modo
qménd avaíl ^0£th. 'me, that 7^ot only

nulla cupiditate, sed ne quidem spe,


(through) no desoere, but mot even (through) hope,
prudens et sciens ruerem ad voluntarium
knowingly and with thought I ru8hed on to voluntary
interitum.
de8truction.

15 Quod quidem meum consilium fuit minime


Amd ìndeed ^my views - were very little '
238 CICERO.

obscurum. Nam et in hoc ordine,


dissembled. For also άn this order(the senate)
re integra,
the thing beingentire (the war not having yet broken out),
dixi multa de pace, et in bello ipso
I 8aid much concerning peace, and in the war ítself
sensi eâdem, etiam cum periculo mei
1 was of the 8ame opinion, even with the ri8k of my
capitis. Ex uo nemo erit iam tam iniustus
lífe. From which no one will be novo 8o wnju8t
existimator rerum, qui dubitet quae fuerit Caesaris
a judge of affairs, a8 to doubt what vere Caesar's
voluntas de bello, 0 statim
£ntentions re8pecting the war, since he immediately
censuerit auctores pacis conservandos,
decreed (that) the advisers offeace 8hould be 8aved,
fuit; iratior ceteris. Atq;
(but) was nore angry w$th the othera. nd

fortasse id minus mirum tum, cum exitus


perhaps it (wa8) le88 8trange then, when the result
esset incertus, et fortuna belli anceps ;
08 wncertain, and the fortune qf war doubtful;
Vero qui, victor, diligit auctores
but (he) who, a conqueror, choo8e8 out the advisers
pacis, is profecto declarat se maluisse
qfpeace, he certa£nly shows (that) he would rather
non dimicare quam vincere. Y
not have fought than have conquered.
16 Atque sum quidem testis huius
And I am ìndeed a witneas (ín regard to) this
rei M. Marcello. Enim nostri sensus, ut
théng for M. Marcellus. For our opinions, as they
semper congruebant in pace, sic etiam tum in bello.
a&wayæ agreed in peace, so algo then in war.
Quotiens ego vidi eum, et C.
' Howo &ftem have I 886, him, and with
PARDON OF MARCELLUS. 239

quanto dolore, extimescentem cum insolentiam


vohat great paim, dreading a8 well the insolence

certorum hominum, tum etiam ferocitatem victoriae


of certain ^mén, o8 also the ferocity of victory

ipsius ! Quo gratior, C. Caesar, tua liberalitas


herself/ The more acceptable, 0 C. Cae8ar, your liberality
debet esse nobis, qui vidimus illa. Enim
ought to be to u8, voho have 8een tho8e things. For
iam causae non sunt comparandae inter se,
novo the cau8e8 are not to be compared among themselves,
sed victoriae. 17 Vidimus tuam victoriam
but the victor$e$. We have 8een your victory
terminatam exitu proeliorum ; nOn
termínated with the result of your battle8; we have mot
vidimus gladium vacuum vagina in urbe. Vis
8667, the 8word un&heathed in the city. The force
Martis perculit eos civis quos amisimus,
qf Mars struck down tho8e citizens whom, we lo8t
IO ira victoriae; ut
(they fell in battle), not the fury of victory; 8o that
nemo debeat dubitare quin C. Caesar, si
no one ought to doubt that 0. Cae8ar, $f
posset fieri, excitaret multos ab
$t could have been done, voould have raised many from
inferis, quoniam conservat ex eadem acie
the dead, 8ince he preserves from that 8ame army (of.
quos test. Vero alterius partis
Pompey) whomewer 6. co.. But of the other party (of

dicam nihil amplius quam (id quod


Pompey) I will sag nothing more than (that vohich,
omnes verebamur), victoriam futuram fuisse nimis
we all feared), (that) victory wpould have been too

iracundam. 18 Enim quidam minabantur non modo


revemgeful. For- 806 threatened mot only
armatis, sed interdum etiam
the$r an med (opponent8), bwt 80métímé8 al80 (t•& vmhQ
240 CICERO,

otiosis; dicebant
were) quiet (took no part in the contest) ; they said (that)
cogitandum esse, nec quid quisque sensisset,
£t voa8 to be con8idered, mot what each one
- had thought,
sed ubi fuisset ; ut quidem immortales dii
but where he had been ; 8o that indeed the immortal gods
videantur mihi, etiam si expetiverint poenas
eem, to me, even though they have inflicted punishment
a Romano populo ob aliquod delictum,
om the Homan - people on account of some offence,
qui excitaverint tantum et tam luctuosum
($m that) they 8tirred up 8o great and 80 mournful
civile bellum, vel iam placati, vel aliquando
a civil war, being either now appeased, or at length
satiati, contulisse Omnem spem
8atiated, to have brought all (our) hope
salutis ad clementiam et sapientiam
of safety to (depend on) the clemency and wisdom

victoris.
of the conqueror.
l9 Qua re gaude isto tuo tam excellenti
Wherefore rejoice $n this gyour 8o eaecellent
bono, et fruere cum fortuna et
di8po8ÌtÌon, and enjoy a8 well (your) fortune ' and
gloria, tum etiam natura, et tuis
glory, 08 also (your) natural qualities, and your
' moribus ; ex quo quidem est maximus
* character; from which @ndeed there i8 the greate8t
fructus que iucunditas sapienti. Cum
fruit amd plea8ure to the wise man. Whem,
recordabere tua cetera,
you call to your recollection your other (actions of lîfe),
etsi persaepe congratulabere
although you will very often congratulate yourself
virtuti, tamen plerumque
οn your valor, gyet qftem (you will have to thank)
PARIDON OF MARCELLUS. 241

tuae felicitati. Quotiens cogitabis de nobis,


your good fortune. A8 often as you 8hall think of ?/8,

quos voluisti esse salvos in re publica


«bhom. you have wished to be safe in the republic
simul CllI te, totiens cogitabis
together with yourself, 80 often gyou will think
de tuis maximis benificiis, totiens de
of your great favor8, so often (will you think) of
incredibili liberalitate, totiens de tua
gyour éncredible liberality, 8o often of gour
singulari sapientia ; quae audebo dicere
wneæampled wisdom; which I will venture to 8ay (are)
non modo S. bona, sed nimirum
not. only (your) greate8t ble88Ìng8, but certainly
vel sola. Enim tantum est splendor
even (your) only ones. For* 8o great $8 the 8plendor
in vera laude, tanta dignitas in magnitudine
èn true praise, 8o great (i8 the) dignity in greatne88
animi : et consili, ut haec videantur esse donata
Qf mind and of counsel, that the8e appear to be given
a virtute, cetera commodata a fortuna. 20 Noli
by virtue, the others confided by fortune. Do mot
igitur defatigari in conservandis bonis viris—
therefore become wearied in preserving good ^η

lapsis, praesertim non cupiditate, aut aliqua


when fallen, especially not by cupidity, or* amy

pravitate, sed opinione offici, fortasse


depravity (of disposition), but by a 8en8e of duty, perhaps
stulta, certe non improba, et quadam
fooli8h, (but) certainly not wicked, and by a certain
specie rei publicae. Enim est non ulla
appearance (of duty) to the republic. For it is not ang
culpa tua, si aliqui timuerunt te, que
fault (of) yours, ' £f some feared - yow, and
. cOntra summa laus quod plerique
on the contrary. (£t is your) ' greatest praîse that the most
16
242 CICERO,

Senserunt timendum fuisse


have become sensible (that) you were not to have been feoered
minime.
ém the 8malle8t degree.
21 Vero nunc venio ad tuam gravissimam
But mow I come to your ^most heavy

querelam, et atrocissimam suspicionem, qui est


complaints, amd sedere 8u8picions, vchich are

providenda, non magis tibi ipsi


to be guaraed again8t, not ^nore by you yourself
quam cum omnibus civibus, tum maxime
tham also by all the citw2ens, and more especially
nobis, qui sumus conservati a te ; etsi
by ourselve8, voho have been preserved by you; though
j;?
hope
quam esse falsam, tamen
(that) - it £8 fal8e, yet I will
numquam
meder*

extenuabo verbis. Enim tua cautio est,


^make light of (it) by my words. For your caution $e
nostra cautio, ut si peccandum sit in
Our caution, (80) that $f. there should be error om.

alterutro, malim videri nimis timidus quam


e$ther (side), I would rather 8eem to be too témid thon,

parum prudens. Sed quisnam est iste tam demens?


too little prudent. But who i8 this one eo sen8eless ?

Ne de tuis?— tametsi qui sunt magis


Is he of your own (friend8) ?—(and) yet wiho are móre
tui quam quibus, insperantibus,
your (friend8) than (those) to whom, without hopingfor £t,
tu reddidisti salutem ?—-an eX eO nUmero
you have restored 8afety?—- or from among that number
qui fuerunt una cum te? Tantus furor
who @dere with you (ín the war)? Such madness
est non credibilis in ullo, ut nOn

is not credible in any one, {hat ' he should no?


anteponat huius vitam suae, quo
prefer thís (qeneral'8) life to hî* ovom, through which
1PARIDON OF MARCELLU8. 248

duce sit adeptus summa omnia.


général he has attained the greate8t advamtages.
At si tui cogitant nihil
But £f your (friends) plan. ^6

sceleris, cavendum est ne

wickedness (again8t you), mu8t you take care le8t (yowr)


inimici quid ? Qui ?
enemies (do) anything (against you) ? Who (are they)?
Enim omnes qui fuerunt aut
For- all who were (your enemie8) have either
amiserunt vitam Sl]8 pertinacia, aut
lo8t the$r !£ve8 by their ob8tinacy, Of*

retinuerunt tua misericordia; ut


have preserved (them) by your ~mercy; 8o that

aut nulli de inimicis supersint, aut


e$ther mone of (your) ememies remain, or (those)
qui superfuerunt sint amicissimi.
who ' have survived are (your) most devotedfriends.
22 Sed tamen, cum sint in animis
But however, 08 there are £n the mándæ

hominum tantae latebrae, et tanti


of men so many hiding-places, and 8o many (secret)
recessus, augeamus sane tuam suspitionem, enim
rece88e8, let us íncrea8e then your 8u8picion, for
simul augebimus diligentiam.
at the same time we 8hall Aemcrea8e your circum8pection.
Nam quis est tam ignarus omnium rerum,
For who £8 there 8o @gnorant of all things,
tam rudis in re publica, tam
80 um8killed £n (the affair8 qf) the republîc,
nihil cogitans umquam neC de
thoughtle88 alway8 both, about

88. salute, nec de communi, . qui


his own safety, and about the common (8afety), 08

non intellegat : Slam contineri


not to understand (that) his own (safety) is comprised
244 CICERO.

tua salute, et ex tua vita unius


in your 8afety, and (that) on your life alone
pendere omnium ? £, cogitans de
depends (the lives) of all? n truth, thinking of
te (ut debeo) dies que noctis, extimesco dumtaxat
you (as I ought) day and night, Ifear only
humanos casus, et
(those) human accidents (to which all are subject), and
incertos eventus valetudinis, et fragilitatem
the uncertain events of health, and the weakness

communis naturae; que doleo Cunn

of our common nature, and I grieve (that) although


res publica debeat esse immortalis, eam
the republic ought to be £mmortal, $t

consistere in anima unius mortalis. 23 Vero


depends on the life of one mortal (man). But
si ad humanos casus Ule incertos
$f to human accidents (of life) and the uncertain
eventus valetudinis accedit consensio
chances of health there is added the conspiracy

sceleris que insidiarum, quem deum credamus


of crime and treachery, what god do we think

posse opitulari rei publicae, si cupiat?


Col?, assist the republic, (even) if he desire (to do so) *
Omnia quae, C. Caesar, sentis iacere
All things which, O C. Caesar, you perceive to lie

perculsa atque prostrata impetu belli


stricken, and prostrated by the violence of the war
ipsius, quod fuit necesse, Sunt
3tself, which 2008 necessarily so, (all these) 67"e

excitanda tibi; iudicia


to be raised up by you, the tribunals of justice
constituenda, fides revocanda, libidines
are to be established, confidence is to be restored, licentiousness
comprimendae, soboles propaganda; omnia,
is to be repressed, population is to be increased; all things,
PARDON OF MARCELLUS. 245

quae iam dilapsa, diffluxerunt,


which 74.000 have become laa, (and) are passing away,
vincienda sunt severis legibus. 24 Fuit
are to be bound (together) by severe laws. . It was
IlOIl recusandum, in tanto civili bello que
7ı0ť to be denied, in so great a civil war and
tanto ardore animorum et armorum,
in so great an ea citement of mind and of arms,

quin res publica, quassata, quicumque fuisset


that the republic, shaken, uchatever might be
eventus belli, perderet et multa ornamenta
the event of the war, would lose both many ornaments
dignitatis et praesidia suae stabilitatis; que
of its dignity and the guards of its stability; and

uterque dux faceret multa


each general would do many things while in
armatus, quae idem prohibuisset fieri
arm8, which he would have forbidden to be done

togatus. Omnia quae volnera belli


(when) clothed with the toga. All these wounds of war
curanda sunt tibi, quibus nemo praeter te
are to be cured by you, which no one ercept you
potest mederi.
C0/7?, heal. * -*

25 Itaque invitus audivi illam tuam


Therefore with regret I heard that your

praeclarissimam et sapientissimam vocem, “ Vixi


very celebrated and very wise saying, “I have lived
satis diu vel naturae vel gloriae.”
sufficiently long either for nature or for glory.”
Satis fortasse si vis ita naturae;
Sufficiently (long) perhaps if you wish it so for nature;
etiam addo, si placet, gloriae; at, quod
also I add, if it pleases (you), for glory, but, what
est maximum, Certe parum
is (of) the greatest (importance), certainly too little
246 . - CICERO.

patriae. Qua re omitte, quaeso, istam


for your country. Wherefore give up, pray (you), thés
prudentiam doctorum hominum in contemnenda
voi8dom . oflearned mem £m de8pising

morte ; noli esse sapiens nostro periculo. Enim


death; do not be vbi8e at our peril. For*

saepe venit ad meas auris, te dicere


£t has often come to my ears (that) you 8ay
istud idem nimis crebro, te vixisse
this 8ame thing too often, that you have lived
satis tibi. Credo ; sed tum
sufficiently (long) for yourself. Ibelieve it; but then (omly)
audirem id, si viveres tibi soli,
would I li8ten (to) ít, íf you lived for yourself alone,
aut si etiam natus esses tibi soli.
or $f al8o you had been born for yourself alone.

Nunc, cum tuae res gestae complexae sint


(But) mouc, when your deeds have embraced.
salutem omnium civium que cunctam
the safety of all the citizenae and the emtire
rem publicam, tantum abes 8.
republic, you are 8o far di8tamt from
perfectione maximorum operum, ut
the completion qf your greatest works, that

nondum ieceris fundamenta quae


you have mot as yet la£d the foundations . which

cogitas. Tu hic definies modum


gyou have in mind. Will you here limit the measure
tuae vitae non salute rei publicae, sed
of your lífe mot by the 8afety of the republic, but

aequitate animi ? Quid si istud


by the tranquillity of your mind? What £f that

est ne quidem satis tuae


(portion of your lèfe) i8 not indeed sufficîent for your
gloriae? cuius, quamvis sis
glory ? qf which (glory), although gyou are
1PARDON OF MARCELLUS. 247

sapiens, non negabis, te e$$e


a philosopher, gyou will not deny (that) you are
avidissimum.
very desirou8.
26 Igitur inquies, ne magna parum
Therefore you will a8k, are the great deeds 8mall (which)
relinquemus? Immo vero satis aliis,
we shall leave ? Truly £ndeed enough for others,
quamvis multis, tibi uni parum. Enim
however numerous, for you alone (too) little. For^
quicquid est, quamvis sit amplum, id
whatever $t is, although £t mag be ample, £t

certe est tum parum, cum est aliquid


certainly is then little, vohen there is something
amplius. Quod si, C. Caesar, hic futurus sit exitus
greater. But §f, 0. Caesar, this were to be the result
tuarum immortalium rerum, ut,
of your £mmortal achievements, that, (your)
adversariis devictis, relinqueres rem publicam
enemie8 being conquered, you should leave the republîc

in eo statu in quo nunc est, vide, quaeso,


£n that state $n which it, novo i8, see (to it), Ibeg you,
ne tua divina virtus sit habitura plus
le8t your divine vìrtue mag hereafter have ^ro^re

admirationis quam gloriae ; si quidem gloria est


admîratîon than glory; £f indeed glory £8
illustris ac pervagata fama multorum et
the illustrious and widespread renown of mang and
magnorum meritorum, vel in suos,
great 8ervice8 (dome), e$ther to one's

vel in patriam, vel in omne genus


(friends), or to one's country, or to the whole ^ac

hominum.
Qf^men.
27 Igitur haec est pars reliqua tibi hic
Therefore this is the part (that) is left to you, this
248 CICERO.

actus restat, in hoc elaborandum est ut;


act temains, in this ezertion is to be made that

constituas rem publicam, que e.

gyou mag establish the republic, and when this (republic)


composita, tu in rimis perfruare
$8 settled, gyou (mag) among - the first enjoy it
eum summa tranquillitate et otio ; tum,
in the greatest tranquillity and leisure; them,
(^ln et solveris quod debes
wchen you have both : discharged (the duty) which you owe
patriae, et expleveris naturam ipsam
to your country, amd have filled nature herself
satietate vivendi, dicito, si voles, te
with 8atiety of living, say, if you wish, (that) you
vixisse satis diu. Enim quid omnino est
have lived 8ufficiently long. For what after all i8

hoc ipsum “ diu,” in u0 est aliquid


thî8 8c^ne “long,” ín vohich there i8 8omne

extremum, cum quod venit, omnis praeterita


emd, (and) when £t arrives, all pa8t

voluptas est pro nihilo, quia postea futura est


pleasure is for nothing, because after that there will be
nulla? Quamquam iste animus tuus numquam
none (mo pleasure) ? Although that münd(of)yours meer

contentus fuit his angustiis quas natura


wa8 content with tho8e narrow (limits) which mature

dedit nobis ad vivendum ; que semper flagravit


ha8 given us to live (in); and alwäys vas inflamed
annOre immortalitatis.
with the love of ίηήortality.
28 Nec vero haec ducenda est tua vita
Nor truly is this to be considered gyour lífe
quae continetur corpore et spiritu.
vohich £8 conta$ned £n the body amd spîrît.

Illâ, illa, inquam, est tua vita quae vigebit


That, that, I 8ay, is your léfe vohieh will flourish
PARIDON OF MARCEI.LUS. 249

memoria omnium saeculorum, quam posteritas


in the memory of all age8, woh£ch po8terity
alet, quam aeternitas ipsa semper
will cherish, woh£ch eternity £t8elf will always
tuebitur. Huic oportet tu inservias,
preserve. For this (lífe) £t behooves (that) you eacert

huic ostentes te, llâ€


(yourself), for this (that) you present yourself, (a life) which
quidem iampridem habet multa quae
£ndeed long since ha8 many things which

miretur; nunc etiam exspectat, quae


mag be admired; nowo al8o £t looks for (that) which
laudet. Certe posteri obstupescent,
ét maj prai8e. Certainly posterity will be amazed (when)
audientes et legentes imperia, provincias,
hearing amd reading of your commands, the province8,

Rhenum, Oceanum, Nilum, innumerabilis pugnas,


the Fhine, the Ocean, the Nile, your ínnumerable battle8,
incredibilis victorias, monumenta, triumphos.
your incredible victoriea, your monuments (and) triumphs.
29 Sed, nisi haec urbs stabilita erit tuis
But, unle88 thi8 city £8 firmly 8ettled by your
consiliis et institutis, tuum nomen tum modo
counsel8 and law8, your name woill them, only

vagabitur longe atque late ; quidem


be 8pread out far and w$de; (but) indeed
non habebit stabilem sedem et certum
£t voill not have a 8table abode amd certain

domicilium. Etiam erit inter eos qui


domicile. Also there voill be among those who

nascentur, sicut fuit inter nos,


(hereafter) will be born, as there was among ourselves,
magna dissensio, cum alii efferent tuas
great di88en8ion, while 8o7ne will ra$$e your
res gestas laudibus ad caelum, alii fortasse
eæploita with praïses to heaven, otherg perhaps
250 CICERO.

uirent aliquid, que id vel


will require something (more), ' and that eeí

maximum, nisi restinxeris


the greate8t qf all, wmle88 you shall eætínguish
incendiunm civilis belli salute patriae,
the conflagration qf civil war by the safety ofyour country,
ut illud videatur fuisse
(so) that the former mag appear to have been (the work)
fati, hoc consili. Igitur
offate, this (latter) (qf your wise) counsel. Therefore
servi etiam eis iudicibus qui multis
have regard oelso to tho8e judges who ^mamy

saeculis post iudicabunt de te, et;


age8 hereafter will decide concerning you, and

quidem, haud scio an incorruptius quam nos;


@ndeed, * perhaps ~more împartially than we (can);
nam iudicabunt, et, sine amOre et
for they will judge, both without affection and
sine cupiditate, et rursus sine odio et
without cupidity, and (also) again without hatred and
sine invidia. 30 Autem etiam si id non
without envy. But even êf (all) this will not
tunc pertinebit ad te, ut, quidam falso
them affect £/0u, o8 8ome fal8ely
putant, Certe nunc pertinet te esse talem
suppose, it certainly now behooves you to be 8uch

ut nulla oblivio umquam obscuratura sit tuas


'hat no oblivion 8hall ever ob8cure your

laudes.
prai8e8.
Voluntates civium fuerunt diversae, que
The inclínatíons of the citizens moere dîverse, and

sententiae distractae, enim non solum


their opiniong dîvided, for we did not only
dissidebamus consiliis et studiis, sed etiam
díffer in our coun&els and wishes, but al80
PARIDON OF MARCELLUS. 251

armis et castris. Autem erat quaedam obscuritas,


ên arm& and coemps. But there wa8 8ome ob8curity
erat, Certamen inter
(in the affair), there wa8 α comté8t betweem

elarissimos duces ; multi dubitabant quid


the mo8t celebrated general8; many doubted whoet

esset optimum ; multi quid expediret


might be best; ^mamy what might be eæpedient
$ibi ; multi quid deceret; etiam
for themselves; many what might be becoming; al8o
nonnulli quid liceret. 31 Res publica
80??e what might be allowed. The republic

perfuncta est hoc misero que fatali


has (at last) gone through this miserable - and fatal
bello ; is vicit qui non inflammaret
war; he hoe8 conquered - who would not ünflame
suum odium fortuna, sed leniret
. i8 íatred óy 8ucce88, but would mitigate (it)
bonitate ; IneC iudicaret omnis
by kindne88 (and clemency); 707* ^Oould he deem, all.

quibus iratus esset [etiam] eosdem


(those) with whom he had been displea8ed T[al80] the 8ame
dignos exsilio aut morte. Arma posita
(a8\ worthy (of) eaeile or death. Arms were laid down
ab aliis, ab aliis erepta sunt. Civis
by some, from others they were takem. (T'hat) citizem
', est ingratus que iniustus, qui, liberatus periculo
$8 ungrateful and unju8t, who, freed from the dangers
armorum, tamen retinet armatum animum ; ut ... '
of war, yet reta£n8 a ho8tile mïnd; (8o) that

etiam ille sit melior qui cecidit in acie, qui


even, he £8 better who fell £m. battle, nbho

profudit animam in causa. Enim quae potest


lo8t hís lífe ín the cause. For that which may
videri pertinacia quibusdam, eadem aliis
appear ob8tinacy in 8ome, the 8ame in other8 (mag
252 CICERO.

constantia. 32 Sed iam omnis dissensio


uppear) con8tancy. But non all dis8en8iom
fracta est armis, et exstincta aequitate
has been cruahed by armus, und eaetinguished by the justice
victoris ; restat ut OmneS velint
qf the conqueror; it rema in 8, that all ^mag de8ire
unum, - modo qui habent non solum
one (and the 8ame thing), ut leoe8t tho8e utho have not . only
aliquid sapientiae, sed etiam sanitatis.
' amy wisdom, but al8o 8oundne88 of mind.
Nisi, Caesar, te salvo, et manente in
Unle88, 0ae8ar, with you 8oefe, and remaining in.
ista sententia qua eum antea vel
thi8 (8ame) opinion which as well heretofore o&

tum hodie maxime usus es,


moreover to-day you have more e8pecially declared,
possumus non esse salvi. Qua re omnes, qui
?de c07, mot be 8afe. Wherefore (we) all, who

volumus haec esse salva, et hortamur et


wish these things to be 8afe, both eaehort and

obsecramus te ut consulas vitae,


entreoet you that you con8ult for your life,
ut tuae saluti ; que omnes
that (you con8ult) for your safety; and we all

pollicemur tibi—ut etiam loquar pro


promi8e you—that 1 mag al8o 8peak for
aliis quod ipse sentio de me

otheræ that which I myself feel ön regard to myself.—


quoniam putas aliquid
becau8e you think
there is 8omething (formed against you)
subesse, quod cavendum sit O.

concealed, which it may be mece88ary to guard again8t, mot


modo excubias : et custodias, sed etiam
om $y watches and sentinels, but al80

oppositus mostrorum laterum et eorporum.


the opposition of our 8ides and bodies.
PARIDON OF M AFRCELLUS. 253

33 Sed unde oratio . orsa est, terminetur in


But whence my speech begum, let $t end in
eodem. Omnes, C. Caesar, agimus maximus
the same (place). We all, 0 C. Caesar, return great
gratias tibi ; habemus etiam maiores.
thank8 to you; we have al8o (yet) greater (thank8).
Nam omnes sentiunt idem, quod potuisti
For- all feel the 8ame thing, which you could

sentire ex precibus et lacrimis omnium. Sed,


perceire from the entreatie8 and tear8 of all. But;
quia est non necesse omnibus stantibus dicere,
because it is not nece88ary for all 8tanding up to decla &
certe volunt
(theirfeelings and opinion8), certainly they wish (them)
dici a me, cui est quodam modo
to be eaepre88ed by me, to whom £t is in 8ome mag
necesse; et quod fieri decet, M. Marcello
nece88ary, and what i8 fitting, 8£mce M. Marcellug
reddito a te
huic ordini que -

has been restored by you


to this order (the senate) and
Romano populo et rei publicae, id intellego fieri.
the Homan people and to the republic, that Iknow i8 being done.
Nam sentio omnis laetari, non de salute
For Ifeel (that) all rejoice, not for the 8afety
unius solum, sed de communi salute omnium ;
of (this) one alone, but for the common 8afety of all;
34 autem quöd)est summae benevolentiae, quae
but a3become8 the greate8t affection, amd

mea erga illum fuit semper nota omnibus,


mìne toward8 hém was always known to all,
ut vix cederem C. Marcello optimo
*o that scarcely did 1 yield to C. Marcellus his moat eaecellent
et amantissimo fratri, quidem praeter eum
and affectionate brother, (and)indeed eæcept h£mo

nemini, cum praestiterim id sollicitudine, cura,


to no one, when I showed this by my solicitude, care (and)
254 CICERO.

labore tamdiu quamdiu dubitatum est de illius


eaeertion as long 08 it vas doubtful about his
salute, certe debeo praestare hoc
8afety, I certainly ought to 8howo (my affection) at this
tempore liberatus magnis curis, molestiis,
time (when) freed from great care8, troubles

doloribus. Itaque, C. Caesar, sic ago


(and) 8ufferüngs. Therefore, C. Caesar, Ithus return
gratias, ut me non solum conservato a te
thanks, that although I not only am preserved by you
omnibus rebus, sed etiam ornato, tamen ad tua
@n, all things, but also honored, however to your

innumerabilia merita in me unum, quod arbitrabar


@nnumerable kind acts to me alone, vohich Ithought
posse non iam fieri, hoc tuo
could not even now be made (greater), by this gour
facto maximus cumulus
act (of pardoning M. Marcellus) the greatest crowning favor
accesserit.
haç beem added.
LIGARIUS. 255

LIGARIUS.

1 Meus propinquus, Q. Tubero, detulit ad


My relation, Q. Tubero, has brought before
te, C. Caesar, novum et, ante hunc diem,
you, 0. Cae8ar, a mew and, before thi8 day,
inauditum crimen, Q. Ligarium fuisse in Africa ;
wnheard of charge, (that) Q. Ligarius was in Africa;
que id, C. Pansa, vir praestanti ingenio, fretus
and this, C. Pansa, a man (of) eaecellent talent, tru8ting
fortasse ea familiaritate quae est ei cum te,
perhaps (to) that familiarity which he has vith you,
ausus est confiteri. Itaque nescio quo
has ventured to admít. Therefore I know not where
vertam me. Enim veneram paratus, cum tu
I may turn myself. For I had come prepared, a8 you
neque scires id per te, neque potuisses audire
neither knew it of yourself, nor could have heard (it)
aliunde, ut abuterer tua ignoratione ad salutem
angwhere el8e, to abu8e your ignorance for the 8afety
miseri hominis. Sed quoniam quod
of thi8 mi8erable (0?. But becau8e that which
latebat, diligentia inimici
vbas comcealed, by the diligence of hi8 enemy
investigatum est, confitendum est, ut opinor,
ha& beem di8covered, it mu8t be confe88ed, a8 I 8uppo8e,
praesertim cum meus necessarius Pansa fecerit,
e8pecially 8£mce ^my friend Pansa has acted(8o).

ut id esset non iam integrnm ; que controversia


that it is no longer a mew case; and controveray
256 CICERO.

omissa, omnis oratio conferenda est ad tuam


being omitted, all my words must be addressed to yowr
misericordiam qua plurimi conservati sunt, cum
mercy by which many have been preserved, when,
impetravissent a te non liberationem culpae,
they had besought from you not a release (from) crime,
sed veniam errati. 2 Igitur, Tubero,
but pardon (for) error. Therefore, 0 Tubero,
habes, quod est maxime optandum
you hate, vbhat £8 greatly to be wished for (by)
accusatori, confitentem reum ; sed tamen
αn accu8er, a confe8sing defendant; but however

confitentem hoc, se fuisse in ea parte


confe88ing this, (that) he wa8 in that part (Africa)
qua te, qua tuum patrem, virum
where you (tere), in which your father, « ^o.

dignum omni laude. Itaque est necesse


worthy of all praise (wa8). Therefore it is necessary
confiteamini de vestro delicto prius quam
(that) you confe8s your own fault before
reprehendatis ullam culpam Ligari.
you reprehend ang fault of Ligarius.
Enim Q. Iigarius, cum esset nulla suspicio
For Q. Ligarius, whem there was no 8u8picion
belli, profectus est in Africam, cum C. Considio,
of war, ^nemt to Africa, no$th C. Oonsídíís,

legatus; in qua legatione, probavit se ita,


a8 lìexutenant; ín this office, he proved himself so
et civibus et sociis, ut
(acceptable), both to the citizens and to the allies, that
Considius, decedens . provincia, . . posset non
Considius, (on) departíng from the province, could . mot
satisfacere hominibus, si praefecissit quemquam alium
8ati8fy the people, $f he had placed amy other

provinciae. Itaqne Ligarius, cum


(mam) over the province. Therefore Ligarius, when (by)
LIGARIUS. 257

diu recusans profecisset nihil, invitus


long refu8ing he had accomplished nothing, against his will
accepit provinciam ; cui sic praefuit : in
accepted the province; over which he 8o pre8ided ín
pace ut eius integritas ac fides esset
peace that h£8 íntegrity and good faith were
gratissima, et; civibus et sociis.
^most acceptable, both, to our cìtìzens amd allies.

3 Subito bellum
Suddenly the war (between Pompey and Caesar)
exarsit, quod qui erant in Africa audierunt
broke out, which tho8e who were in Africa heard

geri ante quam


wa8 being waged before (they heard) that

parari. Quo audito,


preparation& were made (for £t). When this wa8 heard,
partim inconsiderata ciipiditate, partim
partly by încon8iderate zeal, partly (om account of)
quodam caeco timore, quaerebant aliquem ducem,
8omne blînd fear, they sought for some one (a8) leader,
primo salutis, post etiam sui
at first for the$r safety, afterwards also (led by) their party
studi ; cum Ligarius spectans domum,
zeal; ^Dhem, Ligarius looking (towards) home, (and)
cupiens redire ad suos, passus est Se

desiring to return to his (friend8), 8uffered himaelf


implicari nullo negotio. Interim
to be •mplicated £n no (8uch) bu8ine88. In the meam time

P. Attius Varus, qui praetor obtinuerat Africam,


P. Attius Varus, inho (a8) praetor had held Africa (a8
venit Uticam ; statim concursum est
h{e provínce), came to Utica; immediataly the peopleflocked
ad eum. Atque ille adripuit imperium, non
to h£m. And he seized the command, woith mo

mediocri eupiditate—si illud potuit esse imperium


moderate cupidity —if that could be commond
17
258 CICERO.

quod deferebatur ad privatum clamore


which was conferred on a private person by the clamor
imperitae multitudinis, nullo
of an ignorant mob, (and hawing the 8anction of) ?,o

publico consilio. . 4 Itaque Ligarius, qui cuperet


public coumcíl. Therefore Lîgariu8, who desired

effugere omne tale negotium, conquievit paulum


to avoid all 8uch affairs, re8ted for a while
adventu Vari.
at the arrival af Varu8.
Adhuc, C. Caesar, Q. Ligarius vacat omni
To thi8 point, C. Caesar, Q. Ligarîus îs free from all
culpa. Egressus est domo non modo ad nullum
blame. He left home not only for ^0

bellum, sed ne quidem ad minimam suspicionem


war, but not indeed for the least 8u8piciom
belli ; profectus legatus in , pace ;
of war; he went (a8) a lieutenant in (time of) peace;
ita gessit se in pacatissima provincia
he 8o conducted him&elf in
a most peaceable province
ut expediret ei pacem
that it was for his advamtage (that) peace (8hould continue)
€SS€. Profectio certe debet
to be. His departure (from Home) certainly ought

non offendere tuum animum ; num igitur


^ot to offend gyour ^mimd; 8hould them

remansio? Multo minus; nam


hi8 remaïnïng (in Africa ?) Mwch, le88; for

profectio habuit non turpem voluntatem,


his going there had mo di$credítable @ntemt, (80)
etiam remansio honestam necessitatem.
also his remaënïng (there wa8) an honest nece88ity.
Ergo haec duo tempora carent crimine :
Therefore these two : periods are free from reproach:
unum, cum profectus est legatus, alterum,
the ome, when he woent (a8) lieutenoent, the other,
LIGARIUS. 259

cum, ecflagitatus a provincia, praepositus est


when, being importuned by the procince, he wa8 placed over
Afrieae. 5 Tertium tempus est quo, post
Africa. The thérd period is (that) £n vohich, after
adventum Vari, restitit im Africa, quod,
the arrival qf Varus, he rema ined in Africa, which,
si est criminosum, est crimen necessitatis, non
$f $t $8 crímínal, is a crime of nece88ity, mot

voluntatis. An ille, si potuisset ullo modo


of will. Would he, éf he could in any manner
evadere, maluisset esse Uticae quam Romae,
have escaped, rather have been at Utica tham at Rome,
cum P. Attio quam cum concordissimis
with P. Attiu8 (rather) than with hi8 mo8t united
fratribus, cum alienis quam cum suis?
brothers, with 8trangers (rather) than with his friend8 ?
Cum legatio ipsa fuisset plena
Wien his lieutenancy (în Africa) itself had been full
desideri ac sollicitudinis, propter quendam
of regret amd 8olicitude, on account of
incredibilem amorem fratrum, potuit hic
wonderful affection (for his) brothers, could he

eSSe aequo animo, ' distractus â


be in an ea8y 8tate (of) ^mind, 8eparated from
fratribus discidio belli? 6 Igitur, Caesar,
his brothers by the discords of war ? Therefore, Caesar,
habes adhuc in Q. Ligario nullum signum
you have as yet @n Q. Ligarius ?0 8ign
alienae voluntatis a te. Animadverte,
qf am unfriendly disposition towards you. Observe,
ego quaeso, qua fide defendam
I entreat (you), with what confidence (in gou) I defend
CaUlSam cuius ; prodo meam. O
the cau8e of thi8 man; (and) betray my owm. 0

admirabilem clementiam, atque decorandam


admìrable clemency, and (worthy) to be celebrated
260 CICERO.

laude omnium, praedicatione, litteris


by the pra$$e of all, by proclamation, by written records
que monumentis ! cum M. Cicero defendit
αnd monument8 / when M. Cicero defends (amd
- alium apud te fuisse non in
pleads for) another before you (that) he pa8 mot $n.
ea voluntate in qua confitetur
that disposition (of mind against you) in which he confesses
se ipsum fuisse, nec extimescit tllaS
(that) he himself wa8, mor* dreads your

tacitas cogitationes, nec reformidat quid occurrat


8ilent thought8, nor* fears wchat mag occur
tibi de se ipso audienti
to you concerning him&elf (while) hearing (what he is
de alio.
pleading) for another.
Vide quam non reformidem ! vide quanta
See that Iam mot afra id ! 8ee homn

lux tuae liberalitatis et sapientiae oboriatur


the light of your liberality and wisdom ri8es

mihi dicenti apud te ! contendam voce


om me 8peaking before you ! I will raire (my) voice
quantum potero, ut Romanus populus
a8 mwch, α8 I 8hoell be able, that the Romam people
exaudiat hoc. 7 Bello suscepto, Caesar,
mag hear it. The war being undertaken, Caesar,
etiam ex magna parte gesto, coactus
also in a great measure (already) carried om, constraîned
nulla vi, iudicio ac voluntate
by no force, by (my own) judgment and free no$l!
profectus sum ad ea arma quae sumpta erant
I voemt to those arms mchich were taken wp
contra te. - Apud
against you (I joined the armies opposed to you). Before
quem igitur dico hoc? Nempe, apud eunm qui,
whom then do Iway this ? Indeed, before hém vého,
IIGARIUS. 261

pUm sciret hoc, tamen, antequam vidit me,


although he knew ' thi8, yet, before he 8awo - : me,
reddidit . . rei publicae ; qui misit litteras ad me
reatored (me) to the republic; who 8ent letters : to me
ex Aegypto, ut essem idem qui fuissem ;
from Egypt, that I might be the 8ame wohich Ihad been;
qui, cum ipse esset unus imperator
voho, when he him&elf wa8 the one (sole) commonder
in toto imperio Romani populi, passus est
in the entire empöre of the Romam people, suffered
me esse alterum ; a quo, hoc ipso
me to be another; from whom (Caesar), this very
C. Pansa perferente mihi hunc nuntium, tenui
0. Pamea bringing me this me88age, I retained
concessos fascis laureatos, quoad putavi
the conceded fa8ce8 vcreathed with laurel, a8 long a8 I thought
tenendos ; £i denique putavit
(proper) (that) they should be kept; he, in short, thought
Se reddere mihi salutem tum si
(that) he would grant me 8afety them only $f
dedisset eam spoliatam nullis ornamentis.
he gave £t de8poiled of no honors and dignities.
8 Vide, quaeso, Tubero, ut, qui
See, I pray (yow), Tubero, that (I), who
non dubitem dicere de meO facto,
do not hesitate to 8peoek
concernimg my owm action&,
not audeam de Ligari.
do mot do/re (to speak) of (those) qf Ligarius.
Atque dixi haec propterea: de
Amd I have said the8e things on thi8 account concerning
me, ut Tubero ignosceret mihi cum dicerem
myaelf, that Tubero mag pardon me vohen I aag
eadem de se ; cuius industriae
the 8ame things concerning himself; ^choae índuatry
que gloriae ego faveo, vel propter
gnd renovom I applaud, either on account of (our)
262 CICERO.

propinquam cognationem, vel quod delector


meo,^* relationship, or becau8e I am plea8ed

eius ingenio que studiis, vel quod existimo


^0£th hi8 talent& and zeal, or becau8e I think (that)
laudem adolescentis, propinqui, etiam redundare
the praise of a young man, a relative, al8o redounds

: ad aliquem fructum . meum. 9 Sed quaero hoc :


to 80me
advantage (of) my own. But I a8k this:
Quis putat esse crimen fuisse in Africa?
Who íhínks ($t) to be a crime to hoeve been in Africa ?
Is nempe, qui et ipse voluit esse in
(W7y) he, Aendeed, who both himself wished to be in
eadem Africa, et queritur se prohibitum
the 8ame Africa, and complains (that) he wa8 prohibited
8. Ligario, et certe congressus est
by Ligarius, and (who) certainly a88embled

armatus contra Caesarem ipsum. Quid


(with others) armed against Caesar him8elf. What
enim, Tubero, ille destrictus gladius tuus
îndeed, Tubero, wa8 that drawm, 8?Dord. of yours
agebat in acie Pharsalia? Cuius latus
doing £n the battle (of) Pharsal$a ? Who8e 8£de
ille mucro petebat? Qui erat
vda& that sword (of yours) a£med at? What wa8
SenSllS tuorum armorum ? Quae tua mens,
the meaming of your arms ? What your ménd,
-
*
- - - -

oculi, manus, ardor animi ? Quid cupiebas?


eyes, hands (and) ardor of 8oul ? What did you desére ?
Quid optabas? Urgeo nimis ;
What did you wcis/ ? (But) Iam urgémg too 8trongly;
adolescens videtur commoveri : revertar ad
the young man 8eemos to be moved; I will return t0

me ; fui in armis iisdem.


myself; I wa8 (also) £n arms @n the 8ame (cau8e).
10 Autem quid aliud, Tubero, egimns, nisi
But what el8e, Tubero, did we do, eæcept
I.IGARIUS. 263

ut nos possemus quod- hic


that (de might be able (to effect) what he (Caesar)
potest? Oratio, igitur, eorum ipsorum,
can (effect) ? Do the words, therefore, qf these very men,
quorum impunitas, Caesar, est : laus tuae
who8e impunity, Cae8ar, i8 the praise of your

clementiae, acuit te ad crudelitatem ? Atque in


clemency, 8tèr you up to cruelty ? And in

hac causa, Tubero, equidem desidero nonnihil,


thi8 cau8e, Tubero, Iìndeed mi88 in 8ome degree,
etiam tuam prudentiam, sed multo magis tui
not only your prudence, but much more (that) of your
patris, quod homo, cum excellens
father, in that (thi8) man (your father), both eæcelláng
ingenio, tum etiam doctrina, IO
by his talents, and al8o by hi8 learning, did mot

viderit, quod genus causae hoc esset. Nam


8ee, vohat koend. of cau8e this (08. For*

si vidisset, maluisset
£f he had perceived (it), he would rather (that it)
agi 8. te quovis modo
were comducted by 3/0^! £n ang (other) ^moemme*

profecto, quam isto. Arguis


îndeed, than $n this (of yours). You accuse (a man who)
fatentem. - Est non
confesses (what you allege against him). (This) £8 ^not.

satis ; accusas eum qui habet causam, aut


enough; you accuse hïm who has a cau8e, either
ut ego dico, meliorem quam tu, aut ut tu
a8 I 8ay, better than you (have), or a8 yow
vis, parem. ll Haec admirabilia : sed
will have $t, equal. These things (are) 8trange: but

quod dicam est simile prodigi. Ista


what Iam about to &ag $e like d prodigy. This
accusatio habet non eam vim, ut
accu8ation ha8 not that force (object), that Q.
264 CICERO,

Ligarius condemnetur, sed ut


Ligarius should be condemned (merely), but that

necetur. Nemo, Romanus civis, egit


he should be killed. No one, a Roman citizen, (ever) did
hoc ante te. Isti externi OeS
thés before you. These are foreign monfter*&

[solent incitari odio usque ad


[accu8tomed to be eæcited by hatred even to (8pilling)
sanguinem], aut levium Graecorum aut
blood], e$ther of the fickle Greeks or*

inmmanium barbarorum. Nam quid alium . agis ?


qfferocious barbarian8. For what else are you doing ?
ne sit Romae? ut Careat
(that) he mag not be at Rome ? that he mag be deprived
domo? ne vivat cum optimis
of home ? (that) he mag not live with his mo8t eaecellent
fratribus, ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo,
brothers, 70° with th£8 T. Hrocchus, his uncle,

ne cum eius filio, suo consobrino, ne cum


mOr with hi8 807, hi8 cousin, ^0^° with,

nobis? ne sit in patria? Est


u8 ? (that) he mag mot be £n hi8 country? . 18 it

num ? num potest carere omnibus his magis


them 8o ? cam, he want : all these things more
caret? prohibetur
tham he doe8 (actually mow) want (them) ? he i8 prohibited
Italia, exsulat. Ergo tu vis non
from Italy, he i8 an eæile. Therefore you wish not
privare hunc patria, qua caret,
to deprive hém of his country, which he £8 (already) deprived of,
sed vita. 12 At ne quisquam egit istud isto
but (of hi8) life. But not ang one did this in this
modo quidem apud eum dictatorem, qui
manner even before that dictator (Sulla), noho

multabat morte omnis quos oderat. . . Ipse


punished with death all whom he hated. He himself
LIGARIU8, 265
iubebat occidi, nullo postulante ; etiam
ordered them to be killed, no one soliciting it; he everw

invitabat praemiis ; quae


invited by rewards (the commi88$on qf the8e murder8); this
crudelitas, tamen, vindicata est, aliquot annis post,
cruelty, however, wa8 avenged, 80me year& after,
ab hoc eodem, quem tu vis nunc
by thi8 8ame (per8on) (Caesar), whom you de8ire now
esse crudelem.
to be cruel.

“ Ego vero,” inquies, “ non postulo istud.”


“I indeed,” you 8ay, “ do not a8k th£8 '°

Mehercule, Tubero, ita existimo.


(the death of Ligarius). By Hercule8, Tubero, 8o Ithink.
Enim novi te, novi vestrum patrem,
For* 1 know you, I know your father,

novi domum que nomen ; studia vestrae familiae


Iknow your family and name; the love ofyour roeee

8C generis virtutis, humanitatis, doctrinae,


amd family for virtue, for refinement, for learnéng,
plurimarum atque optimarum artium, sunt nota
for many and most eaecellent arts, £8 knowm,

mihi. 13 Itaque certo scio VOS nOn


t0 me. Therefore I certainly know (that) yow do not
petere sanguinem. Sed attenditis parum.
8eek for blood. But you (the accu8ers) attend líttle

Enim eS
(to the con8equence8 of thi8). For- the affair (of the
spectat eo, ut non videamini
pro8ecution) tends to that, that you do mot 8eeí,

esse contenti ea. poena in ua Q.


to be 8ati8fied with that puniehment in vohich, Q.
Ligarius sit adhuc. Quae alia igitur
Ligaríus ís tíll nomc. Wiat other (punishment) therefore
praeter mortem est? Enim si est in exsilio,
ea:cept death is there ? For $f he $e $m eaeile,
266 . CICERO.

sicut est, quid amplius postulatis?


Q& h6 (actually) is, what 772.07"e do you ask for ?
an ne ignoscatur? Hoc Vero
that he may not be pardoned ? This (would be) indeed
multo acerbius, que multo durius. Oppugnabis
much more harsh, and much harder. Will you strive
ne impetremus id, quod nos domi]
that we may not obtain that, which we [at his house
etimus precibus lacrimis,
(Caesar’s)] asked for with entreaties (and) tears,
strati ad pedes, non fidentes
having thrown ourselves at his feet, not trusting
tann nostrae causae, quam huius humanitati,
so much in our own cause, (1.8 tn his humanity,
et irrumpes in nostrum fletum ? et
and will you break in tupon O?/7” tears? and

prohibebis nos iacentis ad pedes, VOCe

will you prohibit us lying at his feet, with the voice


supplicum? 14 Si, cum faceremus hoc domi—
of suppliants? If, when ove did this at the house

quod et, fecimus et, ut spero,


(of Caesar)—which we both did do and, as I hope,
fecimus non frustra, tu repente irruisses,
did it not in vain, you had suddenly rushed in (upon
et coepisses clamare: “C. Caesar,
tus), and had commenced to cry out: “O C. Caesar,
cave ignoscas, cave te misereat fratrum
do not pardon, do not take compassion on brothers
obsecrantium pro salute fratris,” nonne

supplicating for the safety of a brother,” would you not


exuisses omnem humanitatem? Quanto
have divested (yourself of) all humanity? How much more
durius hoc, id quod nos petimus
hard ts this, (that) this tohich we petition for
domi oppugnari a te in foro,
at his house should be opposed by you in the forum,
1LIGARIUS. 267

te tollere perfugium nmisericordiae


(that) you should take away the refuge of mercy
multorum in tali miseria? Plane dicam, Caesar,
of many in 8uch mi8ery ? I will openly 8ay, Caesar,
quod sentio. l5 Si in hac tanta fortuna tua,
w6hat Ithink. If in thi8 great fortune of yours,
lenitas O. esset tanta, quantam tu per
gyour lenity had not been 80 great, 08 gou . qf
te, r te, inquam, obtines— intellego
yourself, of yourself, 8ay, po88e88—1 understand
quid lí-j victoria redundaret
what 8ay—thi8 victory would aboumd

acerbissimo luctu. Enim quam multi


with the mo8t di8tre88ing mourning. For how ^mamy

essent de victoribus qui vellent te


would there be of the victors oeho would wish you
esse crudelem, cum etiam reperiantur
to be cruel, 8£mce 6)67, there are found (tho8e)
de victis ! quam
among the conquered (who wish the 8ame thing) ! hono

multi qui, cum vellent ignosci


many who, when they de8ire (that) pardon should be granted
nemini a te, impedirent tuam clementiam,
to mo ome by you, would impede your clemency,
cum etiam ei quibus ipse ignovisti,
8£nce €©e?, these ^chom you yourself pardoned,
nolint te esse misericordem in alios ! 16 Quod si
do not wish you to be mercéful to others ! For jf

possemus probare Caesari, ILigarium fuisse non


^de could prove to Caesar (that) Ligariu8 wa8 not
omnino in Africa, si vellemus €SS€
at all £n Africa, $f we wished to be (the meam8 of
saluti calamitoso civi,
procuríng) the safety (of an) unfortunate citizen,
honesto et misericordi mendacio, tamen
by a cell <meant and commiseratimg falsehood, get
268 CICERO.

IOI hominis, in tanto discrimine


it would not be (the part) of a man, in such great ri8k

et periculo civis, refellere et redarguere nostrum


and danger of a citiaen, to refute and disprove 0?'*

mendacium ; et si esset alicuius,


falsehood; amd £f it were (the part) qf any one,
certe nOn esSet eius
£t would certainly not be (the part) qf him (to do 8o)
qui fuisset in eadem causa et fortuna.
mfho had beem •n the 8ame 8tate and condítíon.
Sed tamen aliud nolle, Caesarem
But however it is one thing to wish (that) Caesar
errare, aliud nolle misereri.
8hould mot err, amother to wish (that) he 8hould not be mercéful.
Tunc diceres, “ Caesar, . cave
Then (in the, first case) you would 8ay, “ Cae8ar, do not
credas : fuit in Africa, tulit arma contra
believe (this): he was in Africa, he bore arms against
te.” Nunc quid dicis ? “Cave ignoscas.”
you.” Now what do you 8ay ? “ Do mot Toardon..”
Haec vox est nec hominis
This language i8 neither (the part) qf a man (to wtter)
neC ad hominem ; ui
nor (to be addre88ed) t0 a moen; (and) he who
utitur qua apud te, C. Caesar, citius
make8 u8e Qf $t before you, 0. Caesar, will aooner
'■biciet _ suam humanitatem quam extorquebit
throno off his own humanity tham, $0re8t;

tuam.
yours (from yow).
17 Ac primus aditus et postulatio
4nd the fir8t open$ng (of the ca8e) and declaratíon
Tuberonis fuit haec, ut opinor ; se velle dicere
of Tubero ^0a8 this, a8 I suppose; he wished to speak
de scelere Q. Ligari. Non dubito quin
of the erime of Q. Ligarius. Ido mot doubt 'thar
I,IGARIUS. 269

admiratus sis, vel quod quisquam afferret;


you were surprised, either that ang one : broughtforward
- de nullo alio, vel quod is qui
(this) again8t no. ' other per8on, or that he who
fuisset in eadem causa,
had been in the same cau8e (should bring itforward).
vel quidnam novi sceleris.
Or what ne? créme (he would brîng forward).
Tu vocas illud scelus, Tubero? Cur? Enim
IDo you call : that a crime, O Tubero ? W7y 8o? For
illa causa adhuc caruit isto
that . cau8e (of Pompey) a8 yet has been free from this
nomine. Alii appellant errorem, alii
^«/??e. Some call it an error, others (call it)
timorem ; qui durius spem,
fear; tho8e who (judge) more harshly (call £t) hope,
cupiditatem, odium, pertinaciam ; qui
cupidity, hatred, pertinacity; those who (judge)
gravissime temeritatem ; adhuc, praeter te,
^most severely (cal! it) temerity; as yet, eaecept you,
nemO scelus. Ac quidem,
mo ome (has called ít) a crime. And indeed, (it appear&)
mihi, si proprium et verum nomen nostri mali
to me, éf - q proper and true mame for our mi8take
quaeritur,
£8 required,
quaedam
80?ne
fatalis
fatal
calamitas
calamity
videtur
8eem

incidisse, et occupavisse improvidas


to have fallen upom us,
-
and to have $eized the improvident
e

mentis hominum, ut nemo debeat nnlrarl


^ninds of men, 8o that mo one ought to wonder

humana consilia superata esse divina


(that) human. coum8el& wcere ocercome . by divine
necessitate. 18 Liceat esse miseros ; quamquam,
7necessity. Suppose we are miserable ; although,
hoc victore, possumus non e$$e;
while he (Caesar) (ie) conqueror, wce can. not b«
270 CICERO.

sed non loquor de nobis ; loquor


(80); but Ido not speak of ourselves; I speak
de illis qui occiderunt.
concerning tho8e who fell (in battle).
Fuerint cupidi, fuerint irati,
They may have been ambitiou8, they may have been hasty,
fuerint pertinaces; vero liceat Cn. Pompeio
they moey have been ob8tinate; but let Cn. Pompey
mortuo, liceat multis aliis carere
crimine
(who i8) dead, let mang others befreefrom the charge
sceleris, furoris, parricidi. Quando
qf wickedness, of rage (and) offarricide. Whem,

quisquam audivit hoc ex te, Caesar? aut


ha8 angone heard this from you, 0 Caesar ? or
quid aliud tua arma voluerunt, nisi
what el8e did your campaign& íntend, eaecept
propulsare contumeliam a te? Quid ille
to repel £m8ult from yourself? What did that
invictus exercitus tuus egit, nisi tueretur
@nvéncíble army of yours íntend, eæcept to defend
suum ius, et tuam dignitatem ? Quid? tu, cum
$t& right8, and your dignity? What? you, when,
cupiebas eSSe pacem, agebasne
yoù were desírous (that) there should be peace, did you act
id ut conveniret tibi CUlnm -

8o that gow might come to terms of agreement voïth.

sceleratis, an ut cum bonis civibus?


the wicked, or that (it might be) with good citizens?
19 Vero, Caesar, tua maxima merita in me
Indeed, Caesar, your great favors to me
0 certe viderentur mihi tanta si
would not certainly appea^ to me 8o great £f
utarem me COnservatum â : te ut
thought (that) I was preserved by you

sceleratum. Autem quo modo tu meritus esses


a wicked per8on. But howo would you have deserved
ILIGARIUS. 271

bene de re publica cum voluisses tot,


well of the republic éf you had desired (that) so many
sceleratos eSSe incolumi dignitate?
vbicked (men) be (continued) in the$r unümpaired dignity?
Tu, Caesar, initio, existimavisti illam
You, 0 0ae8ar, in the beginning, thought that

secessionem, non bellum ; neque odium


(affair) a 8ece88ion, not a voar; and mot the hatred
hostile, sed civile discidium ; utrisque
of an enemy, but cévél di88em&ion; men on both 8$de8

cupientibus rem publicam salvam, sed aberrantibus


de8Ìring the republic (to be) 8afe, but wanderíng
â communi utilitate partim
from the general welfare partly with (good)
consiliis, partim studiis. Dignitas
intentions, partly through (party) zeal. The dignity
principum erat paene par,
of the leoeders (Pompey and Caesar) wa8 mearly equal,
fortasse eorum qui sequebantur
perhoep8 (the dignity) of those who followed (noae)
non par : causa tum dubia, quod
not equal: the cause (was) then doubtful, because
erat aliquid in utraque parte quod posset
there wa8 8omething in each party that might
probari ; nunc ea iudicanda est melior
be approved of; now that is to be judged the better (cause)
quam etiam di adiuverunt. Vero, tua clementia
which even the gods have assisted. But, your clemency
cognita, quis non probet eam victoriam
being known, who doe8 not approve of that victory
in qua nemo occiderit nisi armatus?
in which no one fell eæcept an armed man ?
20 Sed— ut omittam communem causam,
But-— that I may omit the general 6a/u8e,

veniamus ad nostram—tandem utrum existimas


let us come to our orn— in fine do you think (it)
272 CICERO,

fuisse facilius, Tubero, Ligarium


would hoeve been . ea8$er, Tubero, (for) igariu8
exire ex Africa, an vos non venire in
to depart from Africa, or ' (for) you not : to come to
Africam ? * Ne poteramus,” inquies,
Africa ? “But could we (avoid doing so),'' you sag,
“ cum senatus censuisset?” Si consulis me,
“ when the senate had decreed it?” If you consult me,
nullo modo. Sed,
(I8ay you could) in no way (avoid doing 80). But,
tamen, idem senatus legaverat Ligarium.
however, the 8ame 8emate had sent a8 lieutenant Ligarius.
Atque ille paruit eo tempore,
And - he obeyed at that time, (before the civil war,)
cum erat necesse parere senatui; vOS
when : * £t wa8 mece88ary to obey the 8enate; (but) yow
paruistis tunc, cum . . nemo
obeyed them, ` (during the civil war,) mphen mo one
paruit qui noluit? Reprehendo igitur?
obeyed wbho did not wish. Do Iblame (you) therefore ?
Vero minime ; enim neque licuit vestro
Not $n the leo et; for meîther wa8 it allowed to your
generi, nomini, familiae, disciplinae aliter.
race, name, famíly (and) educatíon (to do) otherwise
Sed non concedo hoc, ut reprehendatis in
But I do not grant thés, that yow should blame £n.
aliis easdem quibus rebus gloriemini in
others the 8ame thêmg8 £m abhöch. you glory £n.
vobis. 21 Sors Tuberonis -

your owm ca8e. The lot of Tubero (the father, for the
coniecta est ex consulto
command of a province,) < va8 drawn by a decree

senatus, ' cum ipse non adesset,


of the senate, vchem he hìmself was not present, . (wchen)
etiam impediretur morbo; Statüerat,
« vas even hìndered by sickness; he had determined
IIGARIUS. 27:3

exGusare. Ego novi haec propter


to eaecu8e (himself). know the8e things on account of
necessitudines omnis quae sunt
the íntímacies (of) all kinds which are (peculîar)
mihi cum L. Tuberone. Eruditi
to me no$th, I,. Tubero. We woere $n$tructed together
domi, contubernales militiae, post
at home, (we were) ^me887mate8 ín war, afterwards
adfines, denique in omni vita
comnected by marriage, Aem a word during all lífe
familiares, etiam magnum vinculum,
familiar friends, al8o a great bomd

quod semper usi sumus


(e.risted between us), that we were always devoted

iisdem studiis. Scio igitur Tuberonem


to the 8ame pur&uit8. Iknow, therefore, (that) Thubero
voluisse manere domi ; sed quidam ita
desired to remaîn at home; but a certain person 8o
agebat ita opponebat sanctissimum nomen
acted (and) gave such force to the most sacred name
rei publicae, ut, etiam si sentiret aliter,
of the republîc, that, although he thought otherwise,
tamen posset nOt sustinere pondus
honbever he could mot 8u8tain the weight
ipsorum verborum. 22 Cessit auctoritati
of his words. He yielded éo the authority

amplissimi viri, vel potius paruit.


of oe most distínguished man, or rather he obeyed (him).
Profectus est una cum iis quorum causa erat
He departed together with tho8e who8e : cau8e wa8
una ; fecit tardius iter ; itaque
the same (with his); he made a &lono journey; theréfore
venit in Africam iam occupatam.
he arrived Aen. Africa (wohen) already occupìed.
Hinc oritur crimen in Ligarium, vel
Hence orîgînate8 the charge again st I,iqarius, Or
18
274 CICERO.

potius ira. Nam si est crimen


rather anger (against him). For éf it is a crime
voluisse, est non minus magnum
to have wéshed, it i8 mo le88 great (a crime) (that)
vos voluisse obtinere Africam,
you wished to obtován, (po88e88ion, of) Africa,
arcem omnium provinciarum, natam ad
the citadel of all the provinces, fitted by nature for
gerendum bellum contra hanc urbem, quam
carrying on war against thi8 city, than (that)
aliquem maluisse se. Atque tamen
anyone preferred him8elf (to obtain it). And yet

is aliquis fuit non Ligarius. Varus dicebat


this 8ome one wa8 mot Ligariu8. Varu8 8a$d

se habere imperium ; certe habebat


(that) he had the command; he certainly had

fascis. 23 Sed, quoquo modo illud habet,


the fa8ce8. But, in whatever manner that mag hold
se, quid valet haec vestra
ütself, (however that may be,) what avails this your

querela, Tubero ? “ Non recepti sumus


complaint, Tubero ? “ We were not rece$ved

in provinciam.” Quid si essetis?


£nto the province.” What £f gou had been ?
Ne tradituri fuistis eam Caesari, an retentiiri
Would you have delívered ét to Caesar or have held

contra Caesarem ? Vide, Caesar, quid licentiae,


(it) against Caesar ? See, Caesar, what license,

vel potius audaciae, tua liberalitas det nobis.


or rather audacity, your liberality give8 ?8.

Si Tubero responderit, suum patrem


If Tubero 8hall reply (that) his father
traditurum fuisse tibi Africam, quo senatus
would have delivered up to you Afrìca, w/îther the senate
que sors miserat, non dubitabo, apud
and the lot had sent hwm, Ishall not hesitate, bgfore
LIGARIUS. ' 275

te ipsum, cuius interfuit, eum facere


you yourself, whose ínterest it was (that) he should do.
id, . reprehendere eius consilium gravissimis
this, to reprove hi8 íntention with the mo8t 8evere
verbis. Enim si ea res fuisset grata
words. For- (even) f this act had been acceptable
tibi, esset non etiam probata.
to you, it would not also have been approved (by you).
24 Sed iam omitto totum hoc, non tam ne
But I nowo omit all this, mot 8o much le8t

offendam tuas patientissimas auris, quam Tubero


I may offend your mo8t patient ears, as that Tubero
ne videatur facturus fuisse quod numquam
^may not 8eem to have been about to do what he mever

cogitavit. Igitur veniebatis in provinciam


contemplated. Therefore you came to the province
Africam, unam ex omnibus maxime
(of) Africa, the ome of all the mo8t greatly
infestam huic victoriae, in qua
£n£mical (to the results of) this victory, £n, w)hách,

erat, potentissimus reX


(country of Africa) there voa8 a mo8t po:^erful king
inimicus huic causae,
oppo8ed to this c0?.86 (of Cae8ar), ($n which)
voluntas aliena, conventus
popular opinion (wa8) hostile, a88emblage8 (of Romam
firmi atque magni. Quaero :
citizen8 opposed to Cae8ar) firm and large. I a8k:

Quid facturi fuistis? Quamquam dubitem


What would you have done ? Although should I doubt
quid facturi fueritis, cum videam quid feceritis?
vbhat you would have done, when I see chat you have done?
Prohibiti estis ponere pedem in vestra provincia,
You were prohíbited to set a foot in your province, :
et prohibiti cum summa iniuria. 25 Quo modo
and prohíbited with the greate8t inju8tice. How
276 CICERO,

tulistis id? Ad quem detulistis querellam


did you bear thia ? To wohom did you carry thecomplaint
iniuriae acceptae? Nempe ad eum
of the injustice received (by you) ? Why to h£m.

secuti cuius auctoritatem veneratis


(Pompey) following whose authority you had come
in societatem belli. Quod si veniebatis
t0 his party (in) the war. Because àf you came

in provinciam CS Caesaris,
£nto the province for the cau8e of Cae8ar,
profecto venissetis ad eum, exclusi
you would certainly have gone to him, (vchen) eaecluded
provincia. Venistis ad Pompeium. Quae
from the province. (But) you came to Pompey. What

querella ergo est apud Caesarem,


compla$nt therefore $8 (that to make) before Caesar,
cum accusetis eum, a quo queramini,
when you accu8e him, of whom you complain, (that)
vos prohibitos - gerere bellum
you were prohíbited (by him from) carrying on dor*

contra Caesarem ? Atque quidem in hoc


again8t Oaesar ? And éndeed in this thing
licet per me, vel cum mendaeio,
£t is granted by me (that), though with a falsehood,
gloriemini, si voltis, vos tradituros fuisse
you mag boast, éf you please, (that) you would have delivered
provinciam Caesari. Etiam si prohibiti estis a
the province to Caesar. Even êf you were prohibited by
Varo et a quibusdam aliis, ego tamen confiteor,
Varu8 and by 8o^ne others, I however confe88
culpam esse : Ligari, qui
(that) thefault was (that) of Ligarius, in that he
privaverit vos occasione tantae laudis.
deprived you of the opportunity of 8o much glory.
26 Sed vide, quaeso, Caesar, constantiam
Bwt 8€€, Ibeg you, Caesar, the constancy
LIGARIUS. 977.

ornatissimi viri, quam, quamvis


qf (th£8) mo8t accomplished man, ohich, álthough 1
ipse , probarem, ut _ probo, tamen nOn
^myself T approved, a8 I do approve, however I would not.
commemorarem nisi cognovissem eam
^mention, unle88 Ihad kmombm (that) thot

virtutem solere laudari a te in primis.


vìrtue is generally praised by you e8pecially.
Quae constantia igitur, fuit umquam tanta in
This com8tancy then, wa8 (it) €0€7* 80 great ïm
ullo homine? Constantiam, dico? Nescio
αmy mam ? Con8tancy, do Isay ? I do mot knowo

possim melius dicere patientiam. Enim


whether I might (not) better 8ay patience. For*

quotus quisque fecisset istud, ut in


^bhat $mdìvidual would have done this thing, that $m
civili dissensione rediret ad eos : ipsos
cìvìl d£88em 8ion, he 8hould return to tho8e very ones

aby quibus
who8e
partibus
8£de he had mot
non esset receptus
been rece$ved (and)
etiam esset reiectus cum crudelitate.
even had been rejected ' with cruelty. (This would be
- Cuiusdam magni animi, atque eius viri
the act) of 80me : great m$nd, amd of that man.
quem nulla contumelia, nulla vis, nullum periculum
^ohom mo contumely, mo force, no damger

possit depellere de suscepta causa que proposita


could drive from hi8 adopted cau8e and preconce$ved
sententia. 27 Enim ut cetera fuissent
opinion. For- although other things had been
paria Tuberoni cum Varo—honos, nobilitas,
Aen commom to Tubero no$th, Varu8—homor, mobility,

splendor, ingenium, quae fuerunt nequaquam—


8plendor (and) talent, whîch were by mo means
hoc certe praecipuum
(equal)—this (was) certaínly the particular (advantage)
278 CICERO.

Tuberonis, quod venerat in suam provinciam cum


of Tubero, that he had come- to his province with

iusto imperio ex consulto senatus.


a just (and legal) commound according to a decree of the 8enate.
Hinc prohibitus non ad Caesarem,
Hence (when) prohibited (he did) not (go) to Caesar,
le iratus, non domum, ne
le8t (he might appear) to be angry, (and) not home, lest
iners, non in aliquam
(he might 8eem to be) inactive, not to amy (other)
regionem, ne videretur condemnare illam causam
country, le&t he might 8eem to condemn that co?ise

quam secutus erat : venit in Macedoniam. ad


which he had followed: he came to Macedonia, to

Cn. Pompei castra, in eam ipsam causam a qua


Om. Pompey's camp, to that same 8ide from which,
reiectus erat cum iniuria. 28 Quid ? cum ista
he had been rejected with injustice. What ? vohem, thés
reS nihil commovisset animum eius ad quem
théng had mot at all ~moveo the mind of him to whom,
veneratis, fuistis, credo, languidiore
gou had come, you were, I 8uppose, (eaecited) by a more languid
studio in causa ;
zeal for the cause (your zeal for the cause was less earnest) ;
eratis tantum modo in praesidiis, animi
you were only £m. garrisons, (your) mind
vero abhorrebant a causa ; an, ut
really became estranged from the cause; or, (it was 8o,) as
fit, in civilibus bellis, nec in vobis magis
happen8 in. cùvùl stréfe, nor in you ^more

quam in reliquis ; enim omnes tenebamur


thoem ém, the re8t; for we are all po88e88ed
studio vincendi. Fui semper equidem
vbith the de8Ìre of conquering. I was always $maeed

auctor pacis ; sed tum sero ; enim


the advocate of peace; but then (I was) too late; for
1LIGARIUS, 279

erat amentis cogitare pacem,


it was (the part) of a madmon to think (qf) peaee,
cum videres aciem. Omnes, inquam,
wohen you 8avo the line of battle. All (of u&), I say,
volebamus vincere; tu certe praecipue, qui
wished to conquer; you indeed e8pecially, who
veneras in eum locum, ubi tibi esset pereundum
had come into that place, where you mu8t have perished
nisi vicisses. Quamquam, ut res nunc
wnle88 you had conquered. Although, a8 . the thing nono
habet se, non dubito quin
ha& Witself (as things now are), I do not doubt that
anteponas hanc salutem illi victoriae.
gou prefer thi8 (present) safety to that victory.
29 Ego non dicerem haec, Tubero, si aut
I would not 8ay the8e things, Tubero, $f either

vos paeniteret vestrae constantiae, aut Caesarem


you repented ofyour conu8tamcy, Or* Cae8ar

sui benefici. Nunc quaero utrum


of his benefits (conferred on you). I movo a8k whether
persequamini vestras iniurias, an
you are 8eeking to redre88 your own injuries, or (tho8e)
rei publicae ; si rei publicae, quid respondebitis
of the republic; éf qf the republic, what will you reply
de vestra perseverantia in illa causa ?
concernéng your perseverance $n that cau8e (qf Pompey?)
si vestras, videte, ne erretis,
üf your own (cau8e), see, lest you mag be mi8taken,
qui putetis, Caesarem fore iratum vestris
in that you think (that) Caesar will be angry with your
inimicis, cum ignoverit suis. .

enemie8, when he ha8 forgiven his own.


Itaque, num videor tibi esse occupatus
Therefore, do I 8eem to you (Caesar) to be occupied
in CS Iligari ? num dicere
wo$th the cau8e of Ligarius ? do I 8eem to 8peak
280 CICERO.

de eius facto? Quicquid dixi, vólo


concerning his conduct? Whatever Isaid, Ivcish
referri ad summam, vel
to be referred to one principal thing, either
humanitatis, vel clementiae, vel misericordiae.
of your humanity, or clemency, or* ^merey.

3O Egi : multas causas, et quidem cum


I have pleaded many cau8e8, and indeed with
te, Caesar, dum ratio tuorum honorum tenuit
gou, 0 Caesar, while the course of your honors kept

te in foro, certe numquam hoc modo.


you in the forum, (but) certainly never in this manner.
“ Ignoscite, iudices ; erravit, lapsus est,
“ Pardon, 0 judges; he has erred, he has fallen, he did
non putavit; si umquam posthac''—sic solet
mot think; £f ever . hereafter ''—thus it i8 usual
agi ad parentem ; ad iudices, “ Non
to plead with a parent; (but) to judges (thus), “ He did mot
fecit, non cogitavit; testes falsi,
do it, he did not think of it; the witne88e8 (are) false,
crimen fictum.'' Dic, Caesar, te esse
the charge groundless.'' Say, 0 Caesar, (that) you are
iudicem de facto Ligari ; quaere in quibus
a judge of the act8 of Ligarius; a8k $m ^phoet

praesidiis fuerit ; taceo, ne conligo quidem


garrison8 he wa8 ; I am silent, Ido mot collect. eden,

haec quae fortasse etiam valerent : apud


tho8e (proofs) vohich perhaps also might avail before
iudicem : “profectus legatus ante bellum,
a judge: '° he went as lieutenant before the war, (and
relictus in pace, oppressus bello, in eo
- was) left in peace, (but) overtaken by war, in that
ipso non acerbus, : : totus
8ame (ucar) he was not a severe (opponent), (but) altogether
tuus animo ac studio.” Sio solet
vours in mind and feeling.” Thu8 it is usual (for the
LIGARIUS. 281

agi ad iudicem ; sed ego


pleadings) to be carried on before a judge; but I.
loquor apud parentem. “Erravit, fecit
am speakîng before a parent. “ He ha8 erred, he acted
temere, paenitet; confugio ad tuam clementiam,
rashly, he repent&; Itake refuge in your clemency,
peto veniam delicti, oro ut ignoscatur.”
J beg pardon for his offence, Ipray that he be pardoned.''
Si nemo impetravit,
If no one ha8 obtained (such favors of you), (it would be)
arroganter; si plurimi, tu, idem, fer
arrogant; (but) $f many, do you, the 8ame one, bring
opem, qui dedisti spem. 31 An IO
a88i8tance, who have given hope. Mag there not

sit causa sperandi Ligario, cum sit etiam


be cau8e for hope to Ligariu8, since there i8 also
locus mihi apud te, deprecandi etiam pro
a place for me before you, for 8oliciting even for
altero? Quamquam spes causae est neque
amother ? Although the hope of thés cause îs meîther
posita in hac oratione, nec in studiis eorum,
dependent on this oration, mor in the zeal of tho8e,
tui necessarii, qui petunt a te pro
gyour íntímate acquaintance8, who entreat of you for
Ligario.
Ligariu8.
Enim vidi, et cognovi, quid maxime
For I saw, amd knowo, what you princìpally

spectares, cum multi laborarent pro salute


looked to, when many eæerted themselves for the safety
alicuius : CalSaS rogantium esse
-

of any one: (that) the ca8e8 (of tho8e) entreating gyou wcere
gratiosiores apud te quam voltus ;
more acceptable to youthan the$r faces; (and that)
te neque spectane quam is esset tuus
you did not consider how much he was yow/
282 CICERO.

necessarius qui oraret te, sed quam


intimate friend who entreated you, but how much
illius pro quo laboraret.
(he wa8 the friend) of him for whom he eaeerted himself.
Itaque tu quidem tribuis tuis ita multa,
Therefore you indeed grant to your (friend8) 8o much,
ut illi interdum videantur mihi beatiores, qui
that they . sometimes 866^. to me richer, weho.

fruuntur tua liberalitate, quam tu ipse, qui


enjoy your liberality, tham g/ou yourself, who
concedas tam multa illis. Sed, tamen, video,
give up 80 much to them. But, however, Iperce$ve,
ut dixi, CallSâS plus
08 I 8aid (before), (that) the ca8e8 (themselve8) have more
valere apud te quam preces ; que te
weight with you than entreatie8; and (that) g/ou,

moveri maxime ab eis quorum dolorem, in


are moved especially by those whose affliction, în
petendo, videas iustissimum. 32 In
petitioning, you perceive (to be) the true8t. In.

conservando Q. Ligario, tu quidem facies


8aving Q. Ligarius, you indeed will do (what will be)
gratum multis tuis necessariis, sed
agreeable to many (of) your £ntímatefriend8, but
llaeSO considera hoc, - uod
entreat you con8ider this (carefully), wchìch.

soles. Possum proponere


you are accustomed to do. I cam, place before you
fortissimos viros, Sabinos, probatissimos tibi
the most brave mem, Sabïnes, most approved by you
Hue totum Sabinum agrum, florem Italiae,
and also the whole Sabine district, the flower of Italy,
robur rei publicae. Nosti homines
(and) the strength of the republic. You knowo the men
optimos ; animadverte maestitiam et
(to be) most eaecellent; ob8erve the sadmes8 amoe
1LIGARIÜS. 283

dolorem omnium horum. Vides laerimas que


gríef qf all the8e. You 8ee the teoers and
squalorem huius T. Brocchi ipsius et
neglected dres8 of this T. Brocchus himself and

fili (de quo non dubito quid


of his 8on (concernéng whom . I do not doubt what

existimes). 33 Quid dicam de fratribus?


gyou think). ' What 8hall I 8ay concerning hi8 brothers ?
Noli, Caesar, putare , nos agere de
IDo not, 0 Cae8ar, think (that) we are pleading about
capite unius ; aut tres Ligarii sunt
the lèfe of one ìndividual; either three Ligarii : are
retinendi tibi in civitate, aut tres
to be retained (by) you @n the city, or three

exterminandi ex civitate. Quodvis exsilium


are to be banished from the city. Amy bani8hment

est optatius his quam patria, quam


@8 ^more desérable to the8e than the$r country, tham,

domus, quam di penates, illo


the$r home, tham their household gods, (£f) that (other)
uno exsulante. Si faciunt fraterne, si pie,
08 £8 eaeiled. If they act fraternally, £f piously,
si cum dolore, horum lacrimae moveant te,
£f with grief, let their teoer8 (08 3/0u,

pietas moveat, germanitas


let the$r affection move you, their fraternal relationship
moveat ; illa VOX tua valeat quae
move you; let that eaepre88ion of yours prevail wchich
vicit. Enim audiebamus te dicere
has conquered. For- vbe heard you &ag (that)
nos putare omnis adversarios nisi qui
(de thought all (to be) enemies eæcept those wcho
essent cum nobis; te omnis
vere with us ; (but that) you (looked upon) all (as)
tuos qui essent non contra te. Videsne
your friends who were not against you. IDo you 8ee
284 CICERO.

-igitur hunc splendorem omnium, hanc


therefore this 8plendor qf all (the knight8), thés

domum : Brocchorum, hunc L. Marcium, C.


family of the Brocchi, this L. Marcius, C. .

Caesetium, L. Confidium, omnis hos Romanos


Cae8etiu8, (and) L. Confidiu8, all these Roman.
equites, qui adsunt veste mutata, viros non
knights, who are pre8ent in mourning apparel, men not
solum motos, tibi, verum etiam probatos, qui
only known to you, but al80 approved (by you), who
fuerunt ' cum te? Atque irascebamur his,
@dere with . gou ? And we were angry with them,
requirebamur hos, nonnulli etiam
voe missed them (from among us), 8ome of us ede,

minabamur his. Igitur conserva suos


threatened them. Therefore preserve their (friends)
tuis, ut quem ad modum cetera quae
with yourae, that 08 the other things which,
dicta sunt â, te, sic hoc
have beem 8a£d by y0w, so thi8 (8agingof yours)
reperiatur verissimum.
^may be found (to be) mo8t true.
34 Quod si posses perspicere penitus
For- £f you could see intimately
concordiam Ligariorum, iudicares
£nto the concord of the Ligarí, you would think (that)
omnis fratres fuisse cum te. An potest
all the brother8 ^dere with you. Can.

quisquam dubitare quin, . si Q. Ligarius


amy ome doubt that, $f Q. Ligarius
potuisset esse in Italia, fuerit futurus in
could have beem £m. Italy, he woould have beem, of
eadem sententia in qua fratres fuerunt? Quis
the 8ame opinion in which his brothers were ? Who

est, qui non moverit conspirantem consensum,


$8 there, who does not knowo the agreeing harmony,
LIGARIUS. 285

paene conflatum, horum in hac prope


almost unanimous, of the8e (brothers) in thi8 tuearly
fraterna aequalitate? qui non sentiat hoc,
fraternal equality ? who doe8 not : feel this, (that)
quidvis prius futurum fuisse quam ut hi
angthing would 8ooner happen than that the8e
fratres sequerentur diversas sententias que
brothers would follow different opinion& amd

fortunas? Igitur omnes


fortunes (of different parties)? Therefore all (the
fuerunt cum te voluntate : unus
brothers) cere with , gyou £n good will: . one

abreptus est tempestate, ' ' qui, si


wa8 forced away by adver$e cîrcum8tance8, who, £f
fecisset id consilio, esset similis eorum
he had done it by design, would be like : those

quos tamen tu voluisti esse salvos. 35 Sed


whom however you wished to be $n 8afety. ' But
ierit ad bellum, dissenserit non solum
8uppo8e he didgo to war, (8uppo8e) he differed not only
â te, verum etiam a fratribus, hi
from you, but also from his brothers, these (his
i tui orant te.
brothers) your friends entreat you (for hi8 pardon).

Equidem, cum interessem omnibus tuis negotiis,


Indeed, 8ince Iwcas concermed in all your affairs,

teneo memoria qualis T. Ligarius, urbanus quaestor,


Iremember how) T. Ligariu8, the city quaestor,
fuerit erga te et tuam dignitatem. Sed
wa8 di8po8ed towards you and your authority. But
est parum me meminisse hoc ; spero
£t $8 (of) little use for me to remember thig; Ihope
te etiam (qui soles oblivisci nihil
(that) you al8o (who are accustomed to forget notháng
nisi iniurias, quoniam hoc est
eaccept £njurie8, becau8e this $8 (a characterîstîc)
286 CICERO.

animi, quoniam etiam tui


of gyour ménd, because (£t is a part) al8o of your
ingeni), te recordari reminiscentem
di8po8ition), (that) you will remember calling to münd
aliquid de illo quaestorio officio huius,
8omething concerning the quae8tor's office of that man,
etiam de quibusdam aliis quaestoribus.
al8o concerning 8qme Other quae8tors.,

36 Igitur hic T. Ligarius, qui tum egit


Therefore thî8 T. Ligarius, wcho then. död

nihil aliud—enim neque divinabat haec—


nothing else- for he did not foresee the8e (present
nisi ut iudicares eum
cìrcumstances)—eaecept that you might judge him (to be)
virum bonum et studiosum tui, nunc supplex
a 7nan good and devoted to you, now a8 a 8uppliant
petit salutem fratris 8, te. Cum
begs for the eafety qf a brother from you. When,
admonitus huius officio, dederis
being remánded of his 8ervices (T. Ligarius's), you grant
quam utrisque his,
this ©afety) to both, these (8uppliant brothers),
condonaveris tris optimos et;
you will have re8tored three 7mo8t eaecellent amd

integerrimos fratres, non solum sibi ipsos,


most irreproachable brothers, not only to them&elve8,
neque his tot talibus viris,
$0? to the8e 80 many (and) 8uch (esteemed) men,
neque nobis necessariis, sed etiam rei publicae.
nor to us (the$r) friends, but also to the republic.
37 Igitur quod fecisti nuper in curia,
Therefore what you did lately in the senate-houae,
de nobilissimo et clarissimo homine,
Jor a most noble and most îllustrious man (M. Marcelius),
fac nunc idem in foro, de optimis
do nouo thesame in the forum, for these most efflcellem:
IIGARIUS. 28?

et, huic omni , frequentiae, probatissimis fratribus.


and, to this entire crowded a88embly, mo8t approved brothera
Ut
(forthese most excellentbrothersapproved most highly,etc ) As
concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc
you granted him (Marcellus) to the senate, so give this one
populo, cuius voluntatem semper habuisti
(Ligarius) to the people, whose good will you always held

carissimam ; et si ille dies fuit gloriosissimus


^most dear; and éf* that day was - mo8t glorious
tibi, gratissimus Romano populo, noli,
to you, (and) mo8t agreeable to the Roman people, do mot,
obsecro, C. Caesar, dubitare quaerere laudem
Ientreat you, C. Cae8ar, he8itate to 8eek praise
similem illi gloriae quam saepissime. Nihil
8imilar to that glory a8 often a8 po88ible. Wothing
est tam populare quam bonitas, nulla de tuis
@8 80 popular «8 kindne88, none qf your
plurimis virtutibus est nec admirabilior, nec
~many vìrtues $8 e$ther more admìrable, 07*

gratior, misericordia. 38 Enim


~more acceptable, (tham your) ~mercy. For*
*

homines accedunt propius ad deos nulla re quam


^??e??, approach mearer to the gods în nothing (more) than,
dando salutem hominibus. Nec habet tua fortuna
$n giving 8afety to mem. Nor has your fortune
nihil maius quam ut possis, nec natura
anything greater than that you cam, mor your nature
melius quam ut velis servare quam
(anything) better tham, that you wish to 8ave oe8

plurimos. Causa forsitan postulet


namy (a8 you cam). The cau8e (itself) perhap& mag require
longiorem orationem, certe tua natura
oe longer 8peech, ( but) certainly yowr feelings
breviorem. Qua re, Cllm arbitrer eSSe
a æhorter one. Therefore, 08 I think; $£ £o boe
288 CICERO.

utilius te ipsum loqui,


*ore uaeful (that) gyou. yourself should commune (with
quam me aut quemquam
gyourself), than (thoet) I or ang one else (8hould speak)
cum te, iam faciam finem ;
with you, I 8hall now make an end (of my discourse);
tantum admonebo te, si dederis salutem
I shall only ^remoend. you (that), if you give 8afety
illi absenti, te daturum omnibus his
to hoem ab8ent, you will give it to all thosg

praesentibus.
present.

You might also like