Course Directory for

B. Tech. in Bioengineering
&
M.Tech. in Medical Nanotechnology
(5 years integrated)

(For Students admitted from 2015–16)

Scheme & detailed syllabi of 5 th semester

Offered by the

SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL & BIOTECHNOLOGY

SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

Scheme of Study

V Semester (27 Credits)

No of Contact
Course Code Course Name Hours / Week Credits
L T P
BBECMA501R02/ Engineering Mathematics - V
3 1 0 4
MNNCBE501R01 (Numerical methods & Biostatistics)
BBECBE502R02/
Stem Cell Biology 3 1 0 4
MNNCBE502R02
BBECBE503R03/
Microprocessors & Microcontrollers 3 1 0 4
MNNCBE503R02
BBECBE504R03/
Immunology 4 0 0 4
MNNCBE504R02
BBECBE505R04/
Biosignal Processing 3 1 0 4
MNNCBE505R03
Medicinal Chemistry & Drug design
BBEDBE501R02/
MNNDBE501R02
Cancer Biology
BBEDBE502R02/ 4 0 0 4
MNNDBE502R02

BBEDBE503/
Developmental Biology
MNNDBE503
(Choose any one elective)
BBECBE506R04/
Immunology Lab 0 0 2 1
MNNCBE506R03
BBECBE507R04/
Biosignal Processing Lab 0 0 2 1
MNNCBE507R03
BBECTP508R04/
Soft Skills-I 2 0 0 1
MNNCTP508R04
TOTAL 22 4 4 27

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
3 1 0 4

Course Code: BBECMA501R02/MNNCBE501R01

Semester: V

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-V
(Numerical Methods & Biostatistics)

Course Objective:

To impart the students with knowledge in solving differential equations using numerical methods
and analysis of samples using statistics

UNIT-I 18 Periods
Numerical solution of simultaneous equations, Ordinary and Partial differential equations
(ODEs and PDEs)
Solutions of linear system by Gauss elimination, Gauss-Jordan methods - Inverse of a matrix by
Gauss elimination method – Relaxation method – Crout’s method – Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-
Seidel methods. Numerical solution of ODE: Power series approximation – Solution by Taylor’s
series – Improved and modified Euler’s methods – Runge-Kutta method – Milne’s predictor-
corrector method – Numerical solution of PDE: Classification of partial differential equations of
second order – Laplace equation and its solution by Leibmann’s process – Solution of Poisson’s
equation – Explicit and implicit schemes for solving parabolic heat conduction equations –
Bender-Schmidt and Crank Nicholson schemes – Solution of hyperbolic wave equations.

UNIT-II 12 Periods
Probability, Correlation and Regression analysis
Basic concepts of probability – Conditional probability – Bayes’ theorem – One Dimensional
Random Variable – Probability mass function - Cumulative distribution function – Probability
density function – Distribution function – Expectation - Variance – Moments – Linear correlation
– Rank correlation – Regression – Multiple and partial correlation coefficients.

UNIT-III 15 Periods
Statistical Measures and Sampling Theory
Types of biological data: Accuracy and Significant figures-Frequency distributions- Cumulative
frequency distributions- Measures of central tendency-mean, median and mode-Measures of
dispersion-Range, quartile deviation, mean deviation and standard deviation-coefficient of
variation- skewness and kurtosis. Sampling theory-Parameters and statistics-One-sample and
two-sample hypothesis.

UNIT-IV 15 Periods
ANOVA and Design of Experiments
Analysis of Variance: Single-factor analysis of variance- confidence limits for population means-
power and sample size in analysis of variance- nonparametric analysis of variance-testing for
difference among several medians- homogeneity of variances- homogeneity of coefficients of
variations- effect of coding- multi-sample testing for nominal-scale data- Turkey test.
Two-factor Analysis of Variance: Two-factor analysis of variance with equal replications- Two-
factor analysis of variance with unequal replications- Two-factor analysis of variance without
replications-Design of experiments: Randomized block experimental design-Repeated measures
experimental design-multiple comparisons and confidence intervals in two factor analysis of
variance- power and sample size in two-factor analysis of variance.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

TEXT BOOKS

1. Dr.M.K.Venkataraman, Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering, 5/e, The National

Publishing Company, 2004 (For Unit-1)
2. S.C.Gupta, V.K.Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics,10/e,Sultan Chand and
Sons publications, 2007. (For Unit 2)

3. Jerrold H.Zar. Biostatistical Analysis, 4/e, Pearson Education, 2003. (For Units 3 and 4)

REFERENCES
1. M.K.Jain, S.R.K.Iyengar and R.K.Jain. Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering
Computation, Wiley Eastern Limited, 2007
2. Dr.S.S.Sastry. Introductory methods of Numerical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India, 2005
3. W.W.Daniel, Biostatistics: A foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences,
7/e, John Wiley Sons, 2000

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I Mathematical skill development for application of various direct and iterative
methods for solving system of linear equations and algebraic equations of higher
degree.Application of various numerical methods for solving ordinary differential
equations and partial differential equations to acquire quality solutions.
Unit II Skill enhancement for solving problems in probability, Correlation and Regression
analysis.
Unit III Acquiring skills in understanding various statistical issues pertaining to measures
of central tendency, dispersion and statistical inferential techniques.
Unit IV Paving way for deeper understanding of design of experiments in statistics such
as single factor analysis, obtaining confidence limits etc. to apply in their UG
projects.To have practice to devise design of experiments.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
3 1 0 4

Course Code: BBECBE502R02/MNNCBE502R02

Semester: V

STEM CELL BIOLOGY

Course Objectives:

• This course imparts an appreciation of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved
in stem cells, the principles of techniques used isolation and characterization of stem cells,
cancer stem cells and generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.
• This course also imparts critical thinking to evaluate various stem cell based strategies in
medicine.

UNIT-I 15 periods
Embryonic Stem Cells
Overview of different stages of embryonic development in Humans, Human Embryonic Stem
Cells (hESCs): Definition, Classification, Derivation and Propagation of hESCs, Embryoid Body
Formation, Applications, Scientific hurdles, Strategies for Differentiation of hESCs along desirable
cell pathways.
Production of Uniparental Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell Lines, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Origin and
Generation of Uniparental Embryos and ES Cells, Developmental Potential of Uniparental
Embryos and Uniparental ES Cells, Therapeutic potential, Genetic imprint of Uniparental ES
Cells, Parthenogenetic Activation of Oocytes, Production of Androgenetic and Gynogenetic
Embryos by Pronuclear Transfer, Characterization of newly derived stem cells.

UNIT-II 15 periods
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Nuclear and Somatic Cell Genetic Reprogramming, Different methods of derivation of induced
pluripotent stem cells: retroviral vector mediated transfection, Protein transduction domain
containing proteins, Synthetic molecules. Pluripotent Stem Cell Epigenetics during development
and Cancer, Genetically Manipulated Mice, Differentiating Gametes from Stem Cells.

UNIT-III 15 periods
Cancer Stem Cells
Identification of cancer stem cells: Side populations, Cell surface markers, Culture of nonadherent
spheres, Purification and characterization of cancer stem cells, Prostate cancer stem cells:
Prostate and prostatic stem/progenitor cells, Self-renewal machinery and the molecular
mechanisms, Regulating cancer stem cell fate. Melanoma cancer stem cells: Physiologic
maintenance of melanocytes in skin and hair follicle, adult melanocyte stem cell, Evidence for a
melanoma stem cell with self-renewal and trans-differentiation properties, Molecular signaling
pathways that maintain stemness -Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling.
Melanoma stem cell niche, Role of dormant melanoma stem cells in metastasis and therapeutic
resistance of melanoma stem cells. Mammospheres and breast carcinoma. Therapeutic
implications of cancer stem cells: Preventative and therapeutic strategies for cancer stem cells,
Targeting acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells

UNIT-IV 15 periods
Stem Cell Applications
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Basic Biology and clinical applications for Bone Tissue
Regeneration. Clinical cell therapy for Heart Disease. Recent advances in stem cell based
therapies for neurodegenerative diseases- Alzheimers, Parkinsons. Strategies toward beta-cell
replacement. Use of stem cells in the generation of humanized mice models for drug discovery.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

TEXTBOOKS
1. Hossein Baharvand (Ed). Trends in Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Humana Press,
2009
2. William L. Farrar. Cancer Stem Cells, Cambridge University Press, 2010

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I The learner will be able to summarize the concepts of embryonic and uniparental
stem cells which include properties, isolation, characterization, their potential
application and limitations.
Unit II The learner will be able to compare the techniques, properties and applications
of pluripotent stem cells. The learner will also be able to interpret a given set of
experimental data in elucidation of epigenetics of pluripotency.
Unit III The learner will be able to illustrate the properties of cancer stem cells and the
rationales of techniques used to characterize various types cancer stem cells. The
learner will also be able to evaluate a therapeutic strategy as potential cure and
limitations.
Unit IV The learner will be able to design and evaluate a strategy for a potential stem cell
based therapy to treat a disease or regeneration of a tissue.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
3 1 0 4

Course Code: BBECBE503R03/MNNCBE503R02

Semester: V

MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

Course objective:

To impart knowledge on the basic architecture of Microprocessors and Microcontroller and also
how they can be used to design simple electronic system.

UNIT-I 15 Periods
Introduction to Microprocessors and 8086
Basic Components of Microprocessor – Types of Architecture: Von-Neumann – Harvard –Super
Harvard – CISC – RISC – Microcomputer - Structured Computer Organization.
Intel 8086 architecture – Registers – Memory segmentation - Pin description – Minimum and
maximum mode - Read and write bus cycles – Interrupt processing. Introduction to 80x86
processors (80186,80286,80386,80486,Pentium) and IBM Power PC.

UNIT-II 15 Periods
Introduction to Microcontroller and 8051
Microcontroller vs Microprocessor – Detailed Study of INTEL 8051: Architecture – Pin description
- Program and Data Memory Organization – Special Function Registers – Oscillator Configuration
– Parallel Port Architecture - Serial Port Architecture (UART) - Timers – Interrupt Handling –
Power Saving Modes.

UNIT-III 15 Periods
Assembly Programming with 8086 and 8051
Programming with 8086: Addressing modes – Instruction set – Assembly programs on ALU
operations, I/O memory accessing and Interrupts.
Programming with 8051: Addressing modes – Instruction set – Assembly programs on Data and
Code memory accessing, Parallel Port, Timers, UART and External Interrupts.

UNIT-IV 15 Periods
Peripheral Devices and Interfacing
Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255), programmable communication interface (8251),
Programmable DMA controller (8257), Programmable Interrupt Controller (8259), Programmable
Interval Timer (8254), keyboard/display controller (8279). Interfacing Applications: Digital to
Analog Convertor (DAC) – Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) – Seven segment display Character
LCD.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Krishna Kant. Microprocessors And Microcontrollers: Architecture Programming And

System Design, PHI, 2007.
2. A.K.Ray& K.M Bhurchandi, Advanced Microprocessor and Peripherals – Architecture,
Programming and Interfacing, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi. The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C, 2/e, Pearson Education 2006.

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SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

REFERENCES

1. Kenneth J.Ayala, The 8051 microcontroller Architecture, Programming and applications

2/e, Penram International, 2007
2. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, Microprocessor – Architecture, Programming and Applications with
the 8085, Penram International Publisher, 5/e,2006
3. Douglas V.Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing: Programming and Hardware,2/e, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2006.

ONLINE MATERIALS

1. NPTEL:http://nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT
KANPUR/microcontrollers/micro/ui/Course_home1_1.htm
2. NPTEL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108107029/

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I The learner will have an understanding of the concepts of microprocessor

based system and 80x86 family processors and power PC.
Unit II The learner will be able to understand the aspects of microcontroller 8051
and its organization
Unit III The learner will be able to understand the different 8086 and 8051
programming aspects and instruction sets
Unit IV The learner will have an understanding of the principles involved in
interfacing of various peripheral devices for the design of microcomputer
based system.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
4 0 0 4

Course Code: BBECBE504R03/MNNCBE504R02

Semester: V

IMMUNOLOGY

Course Objectives:
At the end of the study the students should be able to:
1. Understand the basic biology of immune components and their responses to antigen.
2. Develop an interest in the application of immunology in biomedical sciences.

UNIT-I 12 periods
The Immune System
Introduction; Lymphocytes, their origin and differentiation; antigens; their structure and
classification; complement and their biological functions; types of immune responses; anatomy of
immune response

UNIT-II 12 periods
Humoral Immunity
B-lymphocytes and their activation; structure and function of immunoglobulins; immunoglobulin
classes and subclasses, genetic control of antibody production, monoclonal antibodies and
diagnosis, idiotypes and idiotypic antibodies, major histocompatibility complex – vaccines

UNIT-III 12 periods
Cellular Immunity
Thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) their classification, antigen presenting cells (APC) –
macrophages, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, their origin and functions; mechanisms of
phagocytosis; identification of cell types of immune system; immunosuppression, immune
tolerance

UNIT-IV 12 periods
Immunity of Infection
Hypersensitivity reactions; mechanisms of T-cell activation, cytokines and their role in immune
response macrophage activation and granuloma formation

UNIT-V 12 periods
Transplantation & Autoimmunity
Graft rejection, evidence and mechanisms of graft rejection, prevention of graft rejection,
immunosuppressive drugs, HLA and diseases, mechanisms of immunity of tumor antigens. Auto
antibodies in humans, pathogenic mechanisms, experimental models of auto immune disease
treatment of auto immune disorders.

TEXT BOOKS

1. I. Roitt. Essential Immunology, Wiley-Blackwell Publications, 2001

2. Richard A. Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindt, Janis Kuby, Barbara A. Osborne. Immunology,
5/e, W. H. Freeman and Company, 2006.

ONLINE MATERIAL

NPTEL: http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103038/

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SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I At the end of this unit the students will be able to understand the principle and
components of immune system and their function
Unit II Gain an insight into the mechanisms of humoral immune components involved
in immune responses
Unit III Gain an insight into the mechanism of cellular immune components involved in
immune responses and the importance of humoral and cellular immune
component interaction in defence response
Unit IV Analyse the importance of cytokine regulation of cellular and humoral
components and effect of dysregulation of immune components in terms of
allergic reactions
Unit V Evaluate the role of immune components and their dysregulation in clinical
practice and disease processes

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
3 1 0 4

Course Code: BBECBE505R04/MNNCBE505R03

Semester: V

BIOSIGNAL PROCESSING
Course Objectives:

This course intends to:

• Introduce students to the different types of biosignals and familiarize them with basics of
signals and systems that can be used for signal analysis and conversion
• Help students learn about the fundamental principles involved in the analysis and design of
filters

UNIT-I 15 Periods
Biosignal Acquisition &Continuous Time Processes
Continuous time signals and systems-Different types of biosignals and their acquisition, Time
signals- Classification and operations, test signals, Input-output systems-properties, LTI systems-
impulse response. Fourier analysis for continuous time processes-Decomposition of periodic
signals-synthesis of an ECG signal using pure sinusoids, Fourier conversions-Fourier series,
Fourier Transform, System transfer function- Laplace transform, frequency response of LTI
systems

UNIT-II 15 Periods
Biosignal Conversion & Discrete Time Processes
Discrete time signals and systems: Discretization of continuous time signals-sampling and
quantization, Operations on discrete time signals, Impulse response of a discrete LTI system,
Random signals. Fourier analysis for discrete time processes: Discrete Fourier conversions-
Discrete Fourier series, DTFT, DFT and its properties, Fast Fourier Transform, Z transform and
its properties, DFT of random signals

UNIT-III 15 Periods
Biosignal Digital Filtering
Digital filters: structure realization, design of IIR Filters-bilinear transformation and impulse
invariant method, design of FIR filters using windows. Estimation of signals in noise-Noise
reduction by filtering-Mean square error minimization, optimal filtering, Time series analysis-
autoregressive model, time-series model estimation, recursive identification of a non-stationary
model. Adaptive filters for removing various interferences in ECG.

UNIT-IV 15 Periods
Time-frequency and wavelet analysis
Time varying processes, short time Fourier transform-continuous time STFT and the Gabour
Transform, Wavelet decomposition of signals-multi-resolution decomposition, hierarchical filter
bank for wavelet decomposition, Daubechies 4-coeffcient wavelet filters, Wavelet transform-
interpretation of the wavelet transform, inverse wavelet transform, Comparison of Fourier and
Wavelet transform.

TEXTBOOKS
1. S. R. Devasahayam, Signals and Systems In Biomedical Engineering: Signal Processing
and Physiological Systems Modeling, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers,1/e, New
York, 2000. (Unit I, II, III-estimation of signals in noise & IV)

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

2. P.Ramesh Babu, Digital signal processing, Sci-Tech Publications, 4/e, 2011 (Unit III-
Digital filters)

REFERENCES

1. D. C. Reddy, Biomedical Signal Processing: Principle and Techniques, Tata McGraw-Hill,

New Delhi, 2005 (Unit III-Adaptive filters)

2. W. J. Tompkins, Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., New
Delhi, 2008

3. J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and

Applications, 4/e, Pearson Education Inc., 2007.

ONLINE MATERIALS

Nptel- http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117104074/

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I The students will be able to classify the different types of biosignals and
explain the concepts of biosignal acquisition and continuous time signal
processing

Unit II The students will be able to analyse the biosignals in discrete time signal
processing aspects.
Unit III The students will be able to apply the principles of various noise removal
techniques using digital filtering technology to reject different noises in
biosignals
Unit IV The students will be able to apply wavelet technique to process the
biosignals

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
4 0 0 4

Course Code: BBEDBE501R02/MNNDBE501R02

Semester: V

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY & DRUG DESIGN

Course Objectives:

1. To understand what is a drug.

2. To understand the different targets for a drug
3. To understand the relation between the structure of a drug and its activity
4. To have the basic knowledge in designing a drug based on the target as well as its
pharmacokinetic properties

UNIT-I 15 periods
Drug Targets
Enzymes: active site, mechanism of catalysis, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme selectivity - Receptors:
chemical messengers, binding site, receptor types and subtypes, agonists and antagonists, side
effects, membrane bound receptor proteins, ligand-gated ion channel receptors, G-protein-
coupled receptors, tyrosine kinase-linked receptors, intracellular receptors - Carrier proteins:
function, carrier protein blockers, drug ‘smuggling’ - Structural Proteins: drugs acting on
microtubules - Nucleic Acids: DNA intercalators, alkylating agents, chain cutters, antisense
therapy, inhibition of rRNA - Lipids: cell membrane, general anesthetics, ‘tunnelers’ and
‘smugglers’, lipid carriers - Carbohydrates: antitumor agents, infection, inflammation,
contraception.

UNIT-II 15 periods
Pharmacokinetics, Drug Dosing & Testing Drugs (in vitro and in vivo)
Pharmacokinetics: Rule of five, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, Drug dosing:
dosing, half-life period, steady-state concentration, drug tolerance, Testing drugs in vitro: enzyme
inhibition, receptor studies, affinity, efficacy, Testing drugs in vivo: drug potency, therapeutic
index.

UNIT- III 15 periods

Structure Activity Relationships
Binding interactions: ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals interactions, dipole-dipole
interactions, covalent bonds – Functional groups and binding: alcohols and phenols, amines,
quaternary ammonium salts, ketones and aldehydes, esters, amides, carboxylic acids, alkenes
and aromatic rings, alkyl halides, thiols, alkyl groups – QSAR: hydrophobicity of the molecule,
substituent hydrophobicity constant, electronic properties, steric factor, Hansch equation, Craig
plots, Topliss schemes, 3D QSAR

UNIT-IV 15 periods
Pharmacophore & Drug Design
Pharmacophore: definition, active conformation, target-based pharmacophores, database
searching of pharmacophores.
Drug design: removing functional groups, removing rings, removing asymmetric centres,
conformational restraint, synthetic strategy, modifying the lead compound, skeletal modifications,
repositioning binding groups, size and electronic factors, steric blocking

TEXTBOOK

Patrick, G. Medicinal Chemistry. Viva Books, 2002

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

REFERENCES
1. Thomas Nogrady. Medicinal Chemistry:A Biochemical Approach, 2/e. Oxford, 2004
2. Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen, Tommy Liljefors and Ulf Madsen. Textbook of Drug Design and
Discovery, 3/e.Taylor and Francis, 2004
3. Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen, Kristian Stromgaard and Ulf Madsen. Textbook of Drug Design and
Discovery, 4/e. CRC Press, 2011

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I The student will be able to understand the root cause of various diseases.
Unit II The student will be able to understand the specific requirements for different drug
molecules form the knowledge of pharmacophore. He will be able to understand the fate
of a drug when it travels from the point of administration to the site of action by
understanding its pharmacokinetics. He will also be able to understand the different
principles involved in drug testing both in vitro and in vivo.
Unit III The student will be able to understand the relation between the structure of a drug
molecule and its action.
Unit IV The student will gain the basic knowledge of designing a drug molecule.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
4 0 0 4

Course Code: BBEDBE502R02/MNNCBE502R02

Semester: V

CANCER BIOLOGY
Course Objective:
The course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the basic concepts related to
development, and progression of neoplasm’s and possible therapeutic strategies against cancer.

UNIT-I 14 periods
Fundamentals of cancer biology
Hall marks of cancer, different forms of cancers, Regulation of cell cycle, cell cycle check points,
modulation of cell cycle in cancer, mutations, and Influential factors in human carcinogenesis,
tumor suppressor genes, and apoptosis, Nutrients, hormones, and gene interactions, cancer stem
cells.
UNIT-II 17 periods
Principles of carcinogenesis
Theory of carcinogenesis, chemical carcinogenesis, metabolism of carcinogens, principles of
physical carcinogenesis, radiation - mechanisms of radiation induced carcinogenesis and its
biological effects.
Molecular biology of cancer
Growth factor signaling and oncogenes, signal targets and cancer, RAS-RAF-ERK-MAP kinase,
VEGF, HER signaling pathway, activation of kinases, oncogenes, identification of oncogenes,
retroviruses and oncogenes, detection of oncogenes. Oncogenes/ proto oncogene activity.
Growth factors related to transformation, TGF β signaling. Role of telomers and telomerases in
cancer, role of epigenetics in cancer.
UNIT-III 12 periods
Principles of cancer metastasis
Clinical significances of invasion, Tumor heterogeneity of metastatic phenotype, metastatic
cascade, basement membrane disruption, MMP, and TIMPS, three-hit theory of invasion, and
tumor cell invasion, cell adhesion molecules.
UNIT-IV 17 periods
Cancer detection techniques
Cancer screening and early detection, detection using biochemical assays, tumor biomarkers,
molecular tools for early diagnosis of cancer detection, prediction of aggressiveness of cancer,
advances in cancer detection, Microarray and gene expression profiling, nanotechnology tools
for early cancer detection.
Cancer therapy
Different forms of therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Use of signal
targets towards therapy of cancer, therapies targeting cancer stem cells, cancer vaccines, gene
therapy and antisense therapy for cancer.

TEXT BOOK

Lauren Pecorino, Molecular biology of cancer, 3/e, Oxford University press, 2012.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

REFERENCES

1. Stella Pelengaris and Michael Khan, The molecular biology of cancer, John wiley &sons,
2009
2. M.A.Knowles , P.Selby, Introduction to the cellular and molecular biology of cancer,
4/e,Oxford University press, 2005
3. L.J. Kleinsmith,Principles of cancer biology, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2005
4. Macdonald, C.H.J. Ford and A.G. Casson, Molecular biology of cancer, Taylor & Francis,
2005.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I The learner will have an understanding of the concepts and processes
involved in development of cancer. Ability to evaluate how a normal cell
becomes transformed into a cancer cell.
Unit II The learner will be able to distinguish different causative factors of cancer.
In addition, the learner will be able to analyse theory of carcinogenesis
and its metabolism, deregulation of signal transduction pathways and
mechanisms involved in activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of
tumor suppressor genes.
Unit III The learner will be able to determine the factors influencing tumor
heterogeneity and steps involved in metastatic cascade.
Unit IV The learner will have a theoretical know-how of various detection
techniques and treatment options available for different types of
neoplasms.

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
4 0 0 4

Course Code: BBEDBE503/MNNDBE503

Semester: V

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Course Objective:

To introduce the learners about the genetic mechanisms controlling developmental processes,
and to illustrate their importance for identifying and evaluating inherited disorders in humans.

UNIT - I 15 periods
Fertilization-Invertebrates & Vertebrates (including human)
Germ cell determination and differentiation: spermatogenesis, oogenesis, maturation of germ
cells, ovulation and implantation; External fertilization, e.g., Sea Urchin.; Internal Fertilization in
mammals; Polyspermy. Elements of Early Development in vertebrates (including human):
Fertilization to Cleavage; Pattern of Cleavage; Gastrulation; Cell specification and axis formation.
Drosophila early development: Fertilization, cleavage and gastrulation; Pattern Formation;
Primary axis formation during oogenesis; Dorsal ventral patterning; Segmentation and anterior
and posterior patterning; Segmentation genes; Homeotic selector genes; Homeobox and its
evolutionary significance.

UNIT- II 15 periods
Human Embryonic Development: Organ System Development and Stem Cells
Brief account of embryonic development: Blastulation, Gastrulation, formation of notochord and
establishment of body axis; Organogenesis: Formation of embryonic germ layers and their
derivatives; Organogenesis of heart, liver, kidney, alimentary canal and gonads. Neural tube
formation; Tissue architecture of CNS; Limb development in vertebrates: Formation of Limb Bud;
Proximal Distal axis of the limb; Cell death and formation of digits and joints; Regeneration and
Senescence: Epimorphic, morphallactic and compensatory regeneration; Pluripotency of Stem
cells: Embryonic and adult stem cells, organization, characteristics and therapeutic applications.

UNIT- III 15 periods

Genetic Defects Due to Abnormalities in Human Developmental Processes - I
Fetal development and placentation (development, structure and function); Fetal membrane in
twins.
Developmental malformation; Teratogen Induced Reproductive Problems; Gene-Teratogen
Interaction; Environmental Factors and Genetic Susceptibility; Gene silencing; Prader-Willi
syndrome, Angelman syndromes and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome; Abnormal gametes and
infertility; Abnormal implantation: contribution of maternal and paternal genes; Teratogenesis and
tumors associated with gastrulation;
Genetic Defects Due to Abnormalities in Human Developmental Processes - II
Birth defects: erythroblastosis fetalis, fetal hydrops and twin defects; Spontaneous abortions and
still birth (etiology, pathogenesis, genetic and other causes like immunological basis of
pregnancy, clinical notes, diagnosis and management), Reproductive failure: Infertility and
Assisted reproduction (ART)

UNIT- IV 15 periods
Molecular Regulations of Human Development and Defects I
Human Hox genes and genetic defects due to mutation in Hox genes; Somite differentiation and
homeobox genes (anterior-posterior patterning);
Molecular Regulations of Human Development and Defects II

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

Defects of Eye, neural tube, cranial development: Limb development and limb defects; Cardiac
development and heart defects; Brain development and cranial defects; Eye development and
eye defects; Facial development and facial cleft defects; Craniofacial and skeletal dysplasias;
Muscle development; Neural crest and craniofacial defects; Vertebral defects: spina bifidia and
scoliosis; Kidney development and kidney defects; Defects in sex differentiation.

TEXT BOOKS
1. SA Moody, Principles of Developmental Genetics, Academic Press. 2007.
2. S. P. Gilbert, Developmental Biology, 8/e, Sinauer Associates Inc., 2006.

REFERENCES
1. Wolpert, Principles of Development, 2/e, Oxford University press, 2002.
2. T. W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology, 9/e, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2004
3. K. L. Jones, Smith’s recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation, 6/e, Elsevier Saunders,
2006

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I At the end of this unit the students will have a good understanding of the
invertebrates & vertebrates
Unit II At the end of this unit the students will be able to understand the human embryonic
development including organ development & stem cells
Unit III At the end of the unit the students will be able to understand the genetic defects
due to abnormalities in human developmental processes
Unit IV At the end of the unit the students will be able to understand the molecular
regulations of human development and defects

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
0 0 2 1

Course Code: BBECBE506R04/MNNCBE506R03

Semester: V

IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY

Course Objective:

To train students in the basics of experimental immunology so as to enable them to understand

concepts of immunology and also give them a first-hand experience on routine laboratory
techniques in immunology

List of Experiments

1. Localization of immune tissues or organs in rat

2. Enumeration of RBC and WBC

3. Examination of immune cells in peripheral blood smear

4. Immunization of mammalian hosts through different routes and comparative evaluation

5. Agglutination reaction
- Qualitative analysis of antigen-antibody reaction using human
blood group system
- Determination of IgM titer

6. Detection of IgG by precipitation ring test

7. Detection of IgG by Ouchterlony double immuno-diffusion test

8. Detection of reactivity of IgG with fractionated antigens by immuno-electrophoresis

9. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and radial immunodiffusion

10. Counter current immunoelectrophoresis

11. Isolation of lymphocytes

12. C-reactive protein latex test

13. ELISA

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Experiment 1 The learner will be able to identify and isolate primary and secondary immune
organs in rodents for possible research application and to gain better
understanding on the functional features of immune organs
Experiment 2 The learner will be able to isolate and enumerate RBC and WBC components
of whole blood

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

Experiment 3 The learner will be able to identify and learn about the basic cellular
composition and their types in blood and their possible relation to immune
status of an individual
Experiment 4 The learner will have a good understanding and knowledge while selecting the
best animal model and best route of immunization for studying an antigen of
interest
Experiment 5 The learner will be able to qualitatively see and understand the basis of
agglutination reaction and importance of the specificity of antigen-antibody
interaction in terms of immune reaction
Experiment 6 The learner will be able to detect the most abundant antibody in blood using a
simple and rapid detection technique
Experiment 7 The learner will be able to detect the presence of soluble antigens in blood and
the presence of cross reactivity of antibody with other antigens
Experiment 8 The learner will be able to study the reactivity between soluble antigens and
IgG and also detect the number of antigen-antibody systems present. In
addition the learner will be able to assess the purity and property of antigens
primarily proteins and glycoproteins
Experiment 9 The learner will be able to quantify ‘unknown’ antigens against a standard using
rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Using radial immunodiffusion, the learner will be
able to determine the quantity of an antigen by measuring the diameters of
circles of precipitin complexes surrounding samples of the antigen that mark the
boundary between the antigen and an antibody suspended in a medium.
Experiment 10 The learner will be able to learn the importance of counter current
immunoelectrophoresis to rapidly check any antisera for the presence and
specificity of antibodies for a particular antigen.
Experiment 11 The learner will be able to understand the process of isolating lymphocytes and
the handling of cells in culture for possible research use.
Experiment 12 The learner will be able to understand the importance of CRP levels in blood
and its relation to inflammation
Experiment 13 The learner will be able to apply the principle and technique of ELISA in
identification and quantification of antigens with possible clinical application

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

L T P C
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Course Code: BBECBE507R04/MNNCBE507R03

Semester: V

BIOSIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

Course Objective:

To train the students in biomedical signal and system analysis and modelling using MATLAB for
various biomedical applications such as diagnostics to prosthetic design

List of Experiments

1. Generate various test signals using MATLAB

2. Synthesis of ECG signal using MATLAB

3. Verify sampling theorem and study the effect of sampling on Fourier spectrum using
MATLAB

4. Determine the frequency spectrum for a sample ECG signal with and without noise using
MATLAB

5. Design a Butter worth filter to remove the high frequency noise from an ECG signal using
MATLAB

6. Design a filter to remove power line noise from an ECG signal using MATLAB

7. Write an algorithm to correct the base line wandering of an ECG signal.

8. Design a FIR filter to remove noise from a recorded bio signal using MATLAB

9. Design an IIR filter to remove noise from a recorded bio signal using MATLAB

10. Write an algorithm to reject white noise from a given signal using moving average window
technique.

11. Perform linear and circular convolution of the given sequences using MATLAB

12. Determine the impulse response and frequency response of the system using MATLAB

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Expt 1 Learner will be able to generate different test signals for system study
Expt 2 Learner will be able to synthesize ECG signal using Fourier series with MATLAB
Expt 3 Learner will be able to study the sample theorem and analysis of sampling on
Fourier spectrum using MATLAB
Expt 4 Learner will be able to analyze frequency spectrum for a sample ECG signal with
and without noise using MATLAB
Expt 5 Learner will be able to design a Butter worth filter to remove the high frequency
noise from an ECG signal using MATLAB
Expt 6 Learner will be able to design a filter to remove power line noise from an ECG
signal using MATLAB

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SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

Expt 7 Learner will be able to correct the base line wandering of an ECG signal.
Expt 8 Learner will be able to design a FIR filter to remove noise from a recorded bio
signal using MATLAB
Expt 9 Learner will be able to design an IIR filter to remove noise from a recorded bio
signal using MATLAB
Expt 10 Learner will be able to reject white noise from a given signal using moving
average window technique.
Expt 11 Learner will be able to perform linear and circular convolution of the given
sequences using MATLAB
Expt 12 Learner will be able to find impulse response and frequency response of the
system using MATLAB

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 SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

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Course Code: BBECTP508R04/MNNCTP508R04

Semester: V

SOFT SKILLS - I

Course Objective:

To emphasize, impart and improve soft skills of the learner.

ACTIVITY TOPICS
1 Self Introduction
2 Impromptu
3 Role Play
4 SWOT Analysis
5 Body Language
6 Product Launch
7 Person I admire / Book I Like / If I were
8 Self Confidence (Infosys Exercise)
9 Mock Press
10 Lost at Sea
11 Out of Box Thinking (Creativity & Innovative
Thinking)
12 Debate on Current Affairs
13 General Quiz
14 Quiz on C / C++/ IT Concepts

REFERENCES

Body Language – Your Success Mantra by Dr.Shalini Verma

Managing Career by Discovering your personality by R.M.Omkar
Personality development & Soft skills by Barun K Mitra

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SASTRA University B. Tech. in Bioengineering & M.Tech. Medical Nanotechnology (Integrated)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Self Introduction The learner will be able to successfully introduce

himself before others

Impromptu The learner realizes the importance of presence of

mind and react sharply and swiftly.
Role Play The learner will understand the importance of
communication skill and presence of mind
SWOT Analysis Students are encouraged to do a self introspection of
their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats
Body Language The learner realizes the importance of body language
in the day to day communication
Product Launch The learner understands the importance of marketing
skills and the need for sharpening the skill.
Person I admire/Book I like/If I This inculcates the habit of reading and know about
were the greatness of great people.

Self confidence Students will get to know the importance of self

confidence and the ways to improve it.

Mock Press The learner will enhance the answering skills and the
ability to articulate his thoughts.
Lost at sea The learner will understand the importance of team
skills and problem solving skills.

Out of Box thinking The learner will develop lateral thinking and
encouraged to think differently.

Debate on Current Affairs The learner will be exposed to the happenings around
the globe through a debate

Quiz on C, C++ The learner will become familiar with the basics of C
and C++ programming to face job interview.

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