PREPARATION TEST

1. The cell wall gives the plant cell _______

a. shape, support and protection
b. protein, lipids and cholesterol
c. ribosomes, enzymes and mitochondria
d. food, air and water

2. Which of the following conditions are required for osmosis across a cell membrane?
a. concentration gradient
b. ATP as a source of energy
c. protein channel
d. protein pump

3. Standard deviation can be used to:

I give an estimate of the precision of a set of measurements
II determine the spread of a set of data around the mean
III give an idea of the reliability of a set of results
IV find the cause of an event

a. I and II only
b. I, II and III
c. II and III
d. IV and II

4. The cytoplasm of the cell, surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane, is a highly concentrated

solution of various molecules. What would happen if an animal were placed in pure water?
a. the cell would shrivel up
b. the cell would swell and possibly burst
c. water will diffuse into the cell
d. both b. and c.

5. The following molecule's name is:

a. 7-bromo-6-butyl-6.methyl.3-heptyne
b. 1-bromo-3-methylethylheptyne
c. 1-bromo 2-methylethyl-5-heptyne
d. 6,6-dimethylethyl-7-bromo-3-heptyne

6. Which of the following does NOT result in an increased SA:Vol ratio?

a. flatten the shape of a cell
b. divide into more smaller cells
c. increase in size of cell
d. pack the cell with extra membranes
7. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur are elements found in living cells. Which is the least
common?
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
d. sulphur

8. Which of the following statements is TRUE about enzymes?

a. they are used up in the reactions they catalyze
b. allosteric inhibitors bind to the active site
c. they lower the energy of activation for a reaction
d. they supply the energy of activation for a reaction

9. Which best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

a. The interaction of polypeptide sub-units and prosthetic groups
b. interactions forming hydrogen bonds between the amino acids
c. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
d. the structures formed from the interactions between the amino acid side groups

10. Which molecule is shown below?

a. glucose
b. galactose
c. ribose
d. sucrose

11. What is a codon?

a. a sequence of two nucleotides on RNA or DNA that corresponds to an amino acid
b. a sequence of three nucleotides n RNA or DNA that corresponds to an amino acid
c. a sequence of nucleotides on RNA that corresponds to an amino acid
d. a sequence of nucleotides on DNA that corresponds to an amino acid

12. What is lactase used for?

a. it is used to make sugar-free milk
b. it hydrolyses lactose to glucose and fructose
c. it improves the digestion of milk by some people
d. it decreases the acidity of milk
13. Which of the following will cause an enzyme to permanently lose its properties?
I hydrolysis
II freezing to _ 20°c
III dissolving it in water

a. I only
b. II only
c. 1 and II only
d. I and III only

14. Which of the following forms the nucleosome?

a. DNA and the histone molecules
b. DNA only
c. RNA and the histone molecule
d. histone molecules only

15. Which of the following is a function of cellulose in plants?

a. storage of fat
b. formation of mitochondria
c. storage of energy
d. formation of cell walls

16. Which describes these molecules correctly?

I II
a. ribose amino acid
b. glucose amino acid
c. ribose fatty acid
d. glucose fatty acid

17. Blood is a water-based transport medium. Which property of water makes it a good transport medium?
a. high specific heat
b. transparency
c. versatility as a solvent
d, it has its greatest density at 4°c
18. Which substance in prokaryotes contains sulfur?
a. DNA
b. phospholipids
c. proteins
d. antibiotics

19. What is the difference between galactose and lactose?

a. lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide
b. lactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans and galactose is the product of
anaerobic respiration in yeast
c. lactose is an enzyme and galactose is a hormone
d. galactose is a sugar found in milk but lactose is not found in milk

20. Which of the following are connected by hydrogen bonds?

a. hydrogen to oxygen within a molecule of water
b. phosphate to sugar in a DNA molecule
c. base to sugar in a DNA molecule
d. hydrogen to oxygen between two different molecules of water

21. What is denaturation?

a. a structural change of a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties
b. a change in the genetic code of an organism
c. a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein causing a disruption of its 3D shape
d. the process by which amino acids are broken down and ammonia is released

22. What does facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane require?

Pore (channel) protein ATP Concentration gradient

a. yes no no
b. no no yes
c. yes no yes
d. no yes no

23. What happens during the G2 stage of interphase?

a. homologous chromosomes pair
b. synthesis of proteins
c. homologous chromosomes separate
d. replication of DNA

24. What do prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic de not?

a. mitochondria
b. 70s ribosomes
c. histones
d. internal membranes

25. Which events occur during the G1 phase and S phase of the cell cycle?
G1 phase S phase
a. DNA replicates cell grows
b. mitosis begins cell divides
c. cell divides mitosis begins
d. cell grows DNA replicates
26. In a cell, what is the effect of a large surface area to volume ratio?
a. slower rate of exchange of waste materials
b. faster heat loss
c. faster rate of mitosis
d. slower intake of food

27. Which of the following characteristics found in a structure necessarily indicates that it is alive?
a. the presence of genetic material
b. the presence of a lipid layer
c. metabolism
d. movement

28. The diagram below shows a cell during mitosis.

What are the structures and stage of mitosis?

Stage of mitosis Structure I Structure II
a. metaphase chromatid nuclear membrane
b. anaphase centromere plasma membrane
c. anaphase chromatid nuclear membrane
d. metaphase centromere plasms membrane

29. Which molecule is found in both DNA and RNA?

a. ribose
b. uracil
c. phosphate
d. amino acid

30. If mRNA has a codon CAU, what is the corresponding anticodon on the tRNA molecule?
a. CAT
b. GUA
c. CAU
d. GTA

31. What happens during the formation of Okazaki fragments?

a. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides in the 3' --> 5' direction
b. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides in the 5' --> 3' direction
c. DNA polymerase I adds nucleotides in the 5' --> 3' direction
d. RNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 3' --> 5' direction
32. Which of the following terms correctly describes the molecule below?

I monosaccharide
II ribose
III carbohydrate

a. I only
b. I and III only
c. II and III only
d. I, II and III

33. What is replicated by a semi-conservative process?

a. Messenger RNA (mRNA) only
b. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA) only
c. Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and DNA only
d. DNA only

34. What is the function of the tRNA activating enzyme?

a. it links tRNA to ribosomes
b. it links tRNA to mRNA
c. it links tRNA to a specific amino acid
d. it links an amino acid on one tRNA to an amino acid on another tRNA

35. What is removed during the formation of mature RNA in eukaryotes?

a. exons
b. introns
c. codons
d. nucleosomes

36. In what direction is DNA synthesised?

a. 5' to 3', by adding new nucleotides on the 3' end of the previous nucleotide
b. 3' to 5', by adding new nucleotides on the 3' end of the previous nucleotide
c. 3' to 5', by adding new nucleotides on the 5' end of the previous nucleotide
d. 5' to 3', by adding new nucleotides on the 5' end of the previous nucleotide

37. The function of Gyrase is:

a. ensures no supercoiling outside the replication fork
b. bonds the Okazaki fragments
c. removes the RNA primer
d. replaces the RNA primer with nucleotides
38. What sequence of processes is carried out by the structure labelled X during translation?

a. combining with an amino acid and then binding to an anticodon

b. binding to an anticodon and then combining with an amino acid
c. binding to a codon and then combining with an amino acid
d. combining with an amino acid and then binding to a codon

39. The sequence of nucleotides in a section of RNA is: GCCAUACGAUCG. What is the base sequence
of the DNA sense strand?
a. CGGUAUGCUAGC
b. GCCATACGATCG
c. CGGTATGCTAGC
d. GCCAUACGAUCG

40. A lysosome:
a. holds water, so it helps do photosynthesis
b. holds molecular oxygen, so it does respiration
c. holds lipids, so it holds energy for the cell
d. holds enzymes, so it performs digestion

41. The t-test is used to test the statistical significance of a difference. What is the difference?
a. between observed and expected results
b. between the means of two samples
a. between the standard deviation of two samples

42. The giant alga Acetabularia has a feature that suggests it is an exception to the cell theory. What
feature is this?
a. it lacks a nucleus
b. it lacks a cell wall
c. it lacks sub-division into separate cells

43. What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells
a. No plasma membrane Plasma membrane
b. 80S ribosomes 70S ribosomes
No internal membrane Internal membrane
c.
compartments compartments
44. Which features are present in prokaryotic cells?
a. DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria
b. DNA, cell wall and pili
c. ribosomes, chloroplasts and cell wall

45. For which discovery about DNA do Watson and Crick receive credit?
a. DNA is the molecule that genes are made of
b. the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine in an organism
c. phosphate-pentose bonding along the nucleotide backbone is covalent
d. the shape of DNA is a double helix

46. Study the table of genetic codes below:

Which mRNA could code for the sequence Met-Ser-Leu-Arg-Phe?

a. SUG UCA UCG UGG UUU
b. AUG UCC ACC AGA UUC
c. AUG UCU CCC AGA UUU
d. AUG UCG CUG AGG UUC

47. Which molecule can be hydrolyzed?

a. glycerol
b. maltose
c. fructose
d. galactose

48. What is decreased when lactase is added to milk?

a. sweetness
b. disaccharides
c. calcium
d. monosaccharides
48. What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms?
a. calcium, phosphorous, iron and sodium
b. calcium, sodium, nitrogen and phsophorous
c. carbon, phosphorous, oxygen and nitrogen
d. nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

49. What occurs during DNA replication?

a. DNA polymerase separates the two DNA strands
b. DNA molecules containing nucleotides from the original DNA molecule are produced
c. adenine forms a base pair with either thymine or uracil
d. new bases attach to the original sugar-phosphate backbone

50. Which statements correctly explain properties of water?

I water is a useful medium for metabolic reactions as many substances dissolve in water
II water is useful as a coolant because it takes a small amount of heat energy to chnage
its temperature
III water molecules are cohesive which helps water transport in the roots and stems of
plants

a. I and II only
b. I and III only
c. II and III only
d. I, II and III

51. The percentage of thymine in the DNA of an organism is 30%. What is approximately the percentage
of guanine?
a. 70%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 20%

1. Draw a complete DNA molecule with all its elements and label them. The diagram should show at
least 5 steps (rungs) of a piece of DNA and its backbone, with all the possible bonding. 5 points
2. Solutions of ions, for example NaCl dissolved in water, can be used to investigate the concentrations
of solutes in plant tissues. After immersion in solutions of varying concentration, the percentage
changes in mass of potato samples were measured.The graph shows the results. 3 points

(i) Estimate the osmolarity of the plant tissue: ......................................................... moles dm -3

(ii) Identify which part of the graph represents samples take measured in a hypotonic solution.

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(iii) State one possible source of error when collecting data that could happen during this experiment.

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3. Draw a table in the space below and complete the table to show three differences between the
structure or chemical composition of DNA and RNA.