......

- ••c
.......
IC s
c H'
~
-
.. ..
- .... ..
,..
• ..,J-..,. 'tfllttl
•••
·~ ..o·" . •

........ •••in I
A.-sl pllanl COlts oniJ
• frlallon ........ the b

-------
but It .... ,., . . .

........
...... tlllphol• - - -
..,...,..

* To order your extension,

just call theBusiness Office-
or ask your telephone man.
 Vol. 58, No. 9 Mar ch 5, 1965

CONTENTS EDITORS' NOTE

Editorial s 4
Matching growth with beauty
A judge but not • l awmaker

LIFE Reviews Lette•·s about ' ''hat

L etter s to the Editors
The V iew from Here
The ln5tant ambassador. By loudon Wainwri9ht

The Violent End of Malcol m X In last •;eel.. 's issue a story "rillen by James Mills and photographetl
Gunmen execute the Negro extremist as he
by Bill Eppri<lgc told of the tragie, treadmill lives led by t•w ) otmg
prepares t o address a New York rally. His
followers hold the Black M uslims to blam. - narcotics addicts. Karen and J ohn. Tn the slory, both Karen and J ohn
and launch a campaign of retaliation "isrfu lly tall..ctl about l..icl..ing the habit, and 1\lills and Eppritlgc
Pacem in T e rris finall~· won enough of their trus t to com·ince Karen to go to t he fc<l-
Statesmen, theologians. scholars from all over eral narcotics hospilal in Le~inb'1ou, Ky. R ecently Mills got u lc llc r
the world gather to act on Pope John' s from her there, which said. iu pari:
encyclical on Peace on Earth. By John K.
Jessup
" T he difference bet\\cen now and before is like night and day. Ev.
cry thing 1hat happeoed before 8(.-ems ••cry hazy am.l almost lil..e a
Was h ingto n R eport 368 dn::nrn sometimes. I' m so 'clean' now, r can't stand rnyS(!lf ( I' m only
Strange Case of a Man w ith T wo Wives A:l l..itltling), a ltl10ugh, after being accustomed to being ltigb so long, it
The "dead" Larry Bader of Akron turns up very much rlocs S<"cm strange to have my ' wake-up' a cup of
aJive-ln another city and with another wife
coffee. I a m really just 'coming around' now. It
Calder th e M o bile Maker takes :~-:1 months 10 get hack 10 'normal' (iJ tbat
The 1rtlst delighls everybody is wha t you were in the first place; personally I
Paris Fas h ion s in Color thinl.. I ha• e always been sicl.., sick. sicl..). Serious-
A young actress tries them all on and Molyneux ly. l hough, it's the strangest 1hing in the worlrl
makes a sentimental comeback ho" mueb one's thinl..ing pattcnt changes. At first
Otto Preminger's Navy you're too ~il'k to 1hink of anything except medi-
The movie d irector constructs a mini.'lture flotilla for cat ion a nd c•·cn for a month o r so after l..iel..iug
a Lilliputian reenac:tmant of the Battle of leyte Gulf ) 'Oil are s till exhaus ted ami tired. (1 think thar"s

She Puts Oomph In the Opera ' ' h)· so man)· times I ha ve gone right ba('k, he-
lmpruorlo Sarah Caldwell is Boston'• prime
cauS(! f \\asn't physically "ell, and of course stuff
Oil. CLASEn
dynamo. By Oore Jene Hamblin pacijie.< erv.:fYthing.) Then during the firsl couple
of months ) ou become confused about e •·eryth.ing,
Cristina B ecomes Mrs. H enry F o rd .az ancl after that you graclually sec everylhing fall into place (like piet·es
Drug Addi cts, Part 2 928 of u puzzle). You fi nally Shirt to ' think ahead' (which is something
'I told them not to go home': b iggest •nd best
•ddlc:t hospllat faces •nd fights e frustrating
that is impossible at forst ). Just listen to the way I'm talking! Ami [
battle. Realities we must fac.-but won' t. haven't even started therapy yet."
By James M ill s. Photographed by Bill Epprldge This wccl.. Mills's and Eppridge's story continues with a S(!contl pic ·
Cozumel-lsie for the Idle tun: cs~a r anti article on what is-and is not-being done for people
There ere plea sent things to do at this Mexican lil..c Karen. One of tbe principals in 'I he story is a sta ff 1>sycbiatrisr at
re sort but nobody has to do them. A scary Le xing ton. Dr. F,·ederick B. Glaser, who treated Karen the re a111l
climb and a shi sh kebab from the sea.
By Mary Leatherbee
who. lil-.e Mills. developed a deep interest in he r case. J\ week after Kar·
en •-rotc so hopefully, ~t ills go t Luis le iter from him:
Miscellany: Pussycat Pasta " I a m !'Orry 10 have to write to tell you that Karen is leaving the
hospital against medical a•lvit·c. She could give no •·cason for leaving.
C 196.5 TIM! INC. All A ICHl S R£SERnD WEPRODUCT ION IN \'/HOlE 01\
PART WITHOUT WRITT(N P£RMISSION IS STRICTLY P5t0HIBITED and I <lon' r really know why she did. Lt set•ms to me t.hat addic ts in
general find it difficult to tolerate fnt'ing the same people day after
<lay. whether they want to or not, and when this happens our volun-
COVER-NAT FE IN lw lf".~ NEW YORK HER· 54, SCHUTtER u c:. t . h . LAR·
.s.s--P~ Ul
tary pnl ienl ~ often leave. T his n1<1~· be the case wilh Karen. It i~
ALD Tlti8UNE I Y SHAW ftf.fll IU.PHO.(;Uill U·
M<TIE uo a('<'idcnt tha t o ur patienls refer to abc world outside us ' the street.'
3--llll E,ltiOCE 56. 5S---PAUl SCHUTlER
2t, :N- It . TED RUSSUL-108 GOMEl- 62-PAUL SCHUllER exc:. bot. It, t 194 They t·heri• h their mobility, the opporlunity to escape di flicnh rc-
~fsNRI DAUMAN; rt. (;REG HAlt· rLc~ CONDE NAST PUBLICATIONS
30---tot.. ENRICO SAFtSI NI 73, 74--AALPH CRANE
lutionshii>S. vcr) highly.
31-DON CHARLES for t~ N£W YORK 77-TED POLUMB.AUM I?J-CARlO BA·
TIMES VA(;NOLI " o I feel very ba<l ahou t Karen. You can always argue that she
)2:, 33,:W. 35-HENRI OAUMAN 78, U -T£0 POL.U MIAUM
rlid n'l have sufficient motivation, or ego strength or whatever you
36, 36A-It. H(HRY GROSSMAN f2); rt.
)68-A. P. HURl DAUMAH ss-ru•
87- PUILIFOTO, PA.Ul $CHUTU R
.fRANCESCO LEONI-bot, JOE
\\ani to call it. But that is lillie help. and L prefe r to think t hat we
41 -lt. JAMES OENNEV for t ht OMAHA 92A- HENRI DAUMAN
~~Rl.D H£RA.LO; rt. (NftiCO SARSINf 12'0,lll;~g=~ij SILK • rc. rn.~p t11 TONY
mu• t <lcvdop bctlcr lccfrniques for treatment, ra lhcr than mak ing
41---f"t. ENRICO SA RSU~I 112, 123--{;EORGE SilK
4ol- tt , t:NRICO SARSINI
.!•LZ,l!lh!!l_..,.,
. _.s,.,2-= fA!.!lR.!!.RELlL"L-'"-"'
125-AU'AED (IS£NSTAEOT
'"' " A"'"-----''E?:28--REX FEATURES LTG.
any excuses for what happens.''
1
\\ hid1 is what this week's story is all about.

~7f!!:~ Managing Editor

Copynghted matenal
 Every week, one magazine keeps almost
thirteen million U. S. readers reliably
well-Informed on all twenty-two of the vital
news-areas listed below. It's TIME, The
Weekly Newsmagazine - voted the favorite
magazine of Important people everywhere.
It could very well be yours, too. Try II and
see-at a special money-sa~rlng " Regular
Reader Rate." Just mall the postage-
paid card bound Into this Issue today.

PEOPL

Let Tl ME keep you up-to-date every week on every-

th ing from Art to World Business, Books to Show
Business, Music to Modern Living, Medicine to
The World- become a regular reader today.

Send me TIME for the next 21 weeks and bill me for only $2.97.

name (DI~a se prlnU

address

ci ty state zio cOde

0 You may also enler a subser.ptoon 10 LIFE: a year for $7.75.

I .••
~

AAT I BOOKS I CINEMA I EDUCATION I THE HEMISPHERE I THE LAW I MEDICINE I IIOOERN LIVING I MUSIC I THE NATION I Pll£5$ I RELIGION I SCIENCE I SHOW BUSINESS I SPORT I THEAI!A I U. S. 8USINESS
THE WORLD I WORLD 8USINESS I PlUS lEnERS, MILESTONES l P(OPlE
 LIFE
Eun'OR~IN..CJIIEI' H ed ley Donovan
CHA IRM AN rn: TliE Andrew Heiskell
BoARU
James A. Linen
r)K I:.SIOLN I
SeNIOR SrAI-'P EoiTOK Thomu.s Griffich
EDITORIAL CHAIRMAN
CHAIIUIIIAN, ExECl!TIVt. CoMMITI'I'f:.

EDITOR
Edward K . Thompson
MA NAGI NG EDI TOR
Gcort,'C P. Hunt
ASSI STANT M AN AGING E DITORS
Hugh Molfcll Roy Rowun Ra lph Craves Philip Kunhardl
John K . Jessup CHIU EDITORIAL WKnHt
Bcrnurd Quint Atrr OH\[CTOR
J~ph K astncr Corv EotTOR
oa..•id Maness ARTICL£5 EDITOit
John Thome En lTOR.. S PECIAL P ROJECTS

and Ru...
Rkhard Pollard DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGJt,t.PHY
A. B. C. Whipple EDITOR, INTUNATIONAl EDITION$
Marian A. Mac Phail Cl-tiU Of' R ESCARCtl
SEN IOR EDITORS
Robert Ajcmion. J ohn l)ille, Gene Farmer. Tom Prideaux.
Morshnll Smilh, David Snell.
$TAFF WAITERS
Shana Ale:undcr, Robcrr Coughlan. Dora J ane Hamblin, Paul O'Neil.
Richard Oulahan. Robert \Vallacc. Keith Wheeler, Warn::n Young.
PHOTOGRAPHIC STAFF
Carlo Bavagooli, Margarc1 Bo urkc·\Yhitc, Larry Burrows , Ralph C rane,
John Dominis. Alf..-d EiscnSiaedl. Eliol Elisofon, FriiZ G oro. Yale Joel.
Roberl W. Kelley, Dmitri Kessel. Ninn L«n. John Loenward. Leonard McCombe,
Francis Miller. Ralph Morse. Cart Mrdans, Bill Ray1 Ar1hur Rickcrby,
Michael Rougier. Paul Sc:hut7er. George Silk, G rey V11let, Sian Wayman.
CHIFF TFc HNIC'A L Co....:su LtA,- 1: WiJ:iam J. Sumits.
CONTKIOUTING I>HoTOOtUPIH u : Cornell Capa. M i lton H. Greene,
Gordon Parks . Hownrd Soehu..-k.
FIL M E uiTOMS: Maraan!l Sargent, Barbara Brcv.sccr. Sigrid Thoma5.
PuoTOOilAPHIC LABORATORY: Geora~e Karas (Chicfl. Herben Or1h (Dcpuly ).
PICTURI' 8 UR£AU; Na1alie Kosek(Chief), Roth l.es1er, Connie Conadon. Nancy Winslow.
I)ICTURE LtRRARY: Doris O'Neil (C hier), Joan Norton·Taylor.
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Ronald Bailey. Richard Billings, Thomas Dozier, Charles Ellioll, Tom Flaherty,
Eleanor Graves* Bayard Hooper. Edw~ud Kern, Sally Kirkland,
William Lambert, Ma?. lcathcrbcc. Scot Leavict. J ohn McDcrmou.
Rich'M~~~~~r6~h~rsJk~1~1~:!'~ko~~f:id~R~:s;ll ~:;~~~~D~~··iJa~kh::~~~~mbc.
Dorothy Seiberling. Thomas Thompson. Don Underwood.
ASSI STANT EDITORS
Mathilde Camacho, Vivian Can1pbell. Helen Cuhon. Bcuy Dunn, Nancy G enet,
Frances Glennon, Muriel Hall, Terry Human, June liownrd, Patric ia Hunt, A lix Kerr.
David Manin. Joann McQuiston, Aliciu Moore. Marion Steinmann, Diana Wahon.
A[POATEAS
Rosemary Alexander. Dedic Anlhon~. Laura Bell. Helen Blasdcn, David Boehm.
Wilbur Bradbury, Robcrl Bmdford. G1ovanna Breu, Virginia Burke, Ruth Burnhnm,
J:,hi! ~=k~~n~'G~c;~'O~n~~rJa~k::~~~~tJ~;"J~~~:;~·Ar~~~ck~l~:~·.
Dolores Klaich, Diana Lurie. Janel Mason. Peuy Nelson, Sally O'Quin.
Silvia Pakalns, Nuncy Perkins. Kenne1h Reich, Gayle Rosenberg.
Virginia Sadler, Sandra Schmidt. Gerry Schremp, Jean Strauon. Mary Themo,
Constance TtJbbs, Lucy Voulgaris, Chris We lles, Sylvia Wright, l'e ter Young.
COPY READERS
Helen Dcuell (Chicr), Dorolhy lllson, Fran Ahders, Ba rbar'd Fuller,
Nancy Houghtalin~. Joan M inors. Irene Ne"cs. Rachel Tuckcrmun.
Carolyn von Zcmeck.
LAYOUT
David S tech (Associnlo Arl oi ..'CIOr).
Alfred Zincaro. Rober1 O iv" (AssiSianl Art Dircclors).
\Villiam Gallagher (l,roduction M anager). Dan S ibley (Color Director).
H ilde Adelsberger. Art uro Cazeneuve. Robert Essman. John Geis t. J ohn Hammond.
A lberl Ke1ehum, Nicholas Lopez, Louis Orsini, Anlhony Sodaro, Alfred Slasium.
O..rnard Waber, David Young, Earle Kersh (Arl Di"-ctor. lntcrnalional Edilions ).
ASSISTANT TO THE MANAOIHO EDITOR
Thornas Carmichael
REGIONAL BUR£.AUS
Will Lang (Chief), WASIIINGTON : Riehnrd S1olley: M IDWEST (Chicago): l'aul Welch:
REPORTI NG on a Government-Financed
SoUTII (~i=1~~it~cH~t :S~~:E~:J:1~~~(~~~w()~~o~r~e~i~h~~ Moser:
FAR E•S'I' ( H >ng Kong): Rober1 Morse. Study of Five Leading Pain Relievers,
ftCIONAl COUESPO NOENTS WASIIINOl"ON: deRosset Morrissey, John Neary, a n article in The J ourna l of T he American
Bruce Paisner. Michel Silva, Bill Wise: CtiiCAco: Jo hn Flynn.
Michael Murnhy: Los ANGFI.u: Joseph Bride J r.. Med ica l Assoc ia tion s ho ws that Ba yer
Margery Byers, H al Win~o. David Zeit lin: M IAMI : Miy:ucl Acoca. As pirin is as gentle t.o the stomach ns any
M ichael Durham: lo:"'I.-,ON: Jim Hicks: P AMIS: Jordan Bonfanle,
Rudol1>h ChclmiMki, Kcnne1h Gouldlho rpc, Nadine Libcr, prod uc~ t.cstcd, includ ing ~he higher pl'iccd
Marilyn Wellemeyer. bu ffered p roduct. F'urtherm01e, not one of t he
TIM!· LIJirE N EWS SERVICE
products tested, not ~""" the highe1· pr iced
w~~~~~~o~; f~i:::'~."s\~~~~rb:::.~~:,O[~y~~?~~;;~'r.: combina t ion-of-ingred ients one thnt claims
L os ANOELEs: Marshall Bcrscs: A "rLANTA: H arry Johnston; t o be 50'1 St i'Ongcr - none o f these products
Bon-oN: Ruth Mehrtens: Hou~'TON: Ben Ca re: D ENVER : Barron Bcsho a r:
DE'IROIT: Mark Sdlivan: SAN FJtANCISCO: John Mt..-cklh\: OrrAWA: John Deal; is fas t.cl' Ol' st1'onge1· thnn Bayer Aspil·in.
Mo nu.At : Martin Sullivan: TORONTO: Scrrell Hillman :
CALGARY: Ed Ogle: U ~tT[U NATIONs: Frederick Gruin: LONDO N:

Murrak~:;~ :1:;~:1•ssh~~~~~:P~"'~~~~~s~~~~~Fo:r~:~ Bell:

LAOO:S: Fric=dcl Ungd1c-,..u:r: lh,lttu-r : Gcorp; de Carvalho:
M ADtno : Picro Saporiti: Nt:w Dctw: Louis Kraar:
l:loso KoNo: Frank McCulloch: ToKYO: Jerrold Scheeler: SYDNEY: Erncs1 Shirley :
CARIBIJEAN:Edwin RcinKold: CAKACA.S: Mo Garcia : R10 OJI JANEIMO; Roger Slone :
B u n ..'OS AIRES: Ga,·in Scotl.
NEWSOf'~K; Roben Parker. r-.·1innic Maga1...inc.
TIME•LIFE EDITORIAL SERVI CES
James \Vagcnvoord (Ch ieO. Ocdeon de Margitay ( E u rope). Valerie Vo ndermuhll.
Punusttt:.R: Jerom~ S. Hurdy 1
AMO<'IATI! P U RLISIIER:
AovtRTI~ING SALES
Ar1hur W.
DIRfCTOR:
Kt:ylor
James J . Dunn
CIRCULATION DIRECTOR: John A. WaUers
Richard Coffey
PROMOTION 01REC1'0 M:
Pu ousuiNO PKOJEC1s MANAOI!R: John Jenkisson

17

Copyrighted Matanal

T11e Insta1tl
A'lnbassado1•
A runny thi ng happened lo me j u•l •• I W UJ<
about to leave Rus•io. Afte r a lmoot t" o
weeks there. I had to s to1> being a silent
America n tourist a nd became ~omcthing o r
an in8tu nl ambu~@ador.
When it hal>l><>netl I """ in \ olgograd.
going through u museum honoring the he·
roic de(cnse o r thut ci t) -" bich used to he
Swlingrad loerore Stulin became such an ex-
tremely imptOJ><'r noun. With my lntourist
guide, u brigh t a nd ' 'Cr) uttruN i•·c )OUII(!
Indy named ••c tia, I hatl spen t that morn-
ing touri ng the city. .. hich bas been com·
ple te l) rebuilt. since the .. ar. At one point
" e .rop ped a t a •he ll-ruined stone build ing
near the cen ter or tbc IO\HI . Thit. .... about
the onl) ruin left . Svetia tolol me. and it
would rt'main there fore, e r u~ a reminder.
She " ent on In tdl me obout one soldier. a
certain Lie utenant Alauasie•'. "bo had
(ought heroieally t here. A• a result o r hi.•
ba tt le inj uries. A(ana•icv bad gone blind.
After recent operations ltis &igbt had been
largely restored in one c~·e a nd he had set' n
fOf' the firlll time the rebuilt cit~ and his
13-)ear-old doughier.
0\\ , in the mu.seurn. " e were .sl andin~
in front Of II 11100eJ of thr oJcll rO)Cd Cit y o (
Stalingrod, a nd Svetia, SJ>Caking Eugli•b
rat her loudly. was pointing out ' 'ario us
things to me. T here " ere man y Hulll!ia ns in
the room, and s uddenly one o f the m, a lit-
tle man " coring glalli!Ci! and u brown snit
with three rows o f bottle ribbo ns ul><we tbc
breus t pocket , interrupted her ami began to
ask <fUCOtione.
Sbe turned to me th~n uud •aid , ' 'Uc
''ants to knon "ho )OU arc aud n bat is
your interest in this place:·
"T ell him l'• e been bearinl! about thi~
cit y (or more than 20 )Cars," I ret>lied. ''I
" an ted to K'C it (or m)'l!Cif. T ell him I " oulol
like to lno" hia na me."' A cro•HI of u8il)
SO people no" ringed Ul'.
\t he n -etia got the rc~~ponsc- to my q ut>8·
tion &be turned back to me iu clear s urp rjge,
·~rhis is the lieutenant I "•~ trlling )Oil
•bout ," sbe &uid. ,. runoaie•·:·
The lieutenant und I sbool.. hand~. and I
noticed in the cron tl h\ OOthc r \ Cl f"ra n:->. one
in a husine88 &uil n ilh balllt" ribbon~ and
onother in uuiform . T brougl• S• ctia. \Jana-
sicv C'<l>loined tbut he and l1is lnnldi.,. oc-
cuiona lly rnct in t he museum (or u lool..
around a nd u tall.. a bout Lt.~ rugged old
day111. The three men bega u asking- me tlucs.
tions abo ut how I liked \'olgograd. bow d id
it compare to other pluoos l bad LK·en in
Russia, how c1irl I think it com1·•ared lo
Philadclph io, " here o ne or them bud been.
People begun • boutiug <tucotion• from the
back or the cro\\d. I was enjO)~ng it-un til
I heard the u nmis tal.ablc " ord ''\'ictnum''
in a loudl)' p ut questio n.
"J\)w ," I said "ithout \\ Biting for s,·e·
tia'a tra ns.la tion. and the faces uround me
j ust b.nnned . '~!'ell tbem l am not a politi-
FROM
THlLoudon 'W'ainun•lnht
VIEw
HERE
cal e'tJert."' T IJe ' l'""'tioucr ignored h~r
tra nslat ion and put his tJUCSiion again.
t•l am ''r-ry roorr) :· SH:'tia 1mid. r1nhar·
ral!BCd at the trouble her first America n
tourist o( the )CBr \\ US in. " lfe \\OU ts 10
kno" " h) the AmC'ric-u n go\fernment is
risl..ing " ar in \'ietu a m. li e a•'-• do the
Amerit"ans ''a ut morP Stulingrud.s?"'
I replied thot ofcou"'r thcAmericnu~ did
no t ,, unt St ulingrud~ un~ more thau the
Russians d itl . tha t. t he nHt i n ("()twern or
Amrrican~ was o penceful " orld. I hot>etl
this \\ Oultl sutisf) tho cro\\ tl. It d id not.
A fanafl.if"\ 1..-gau FO[Waking, und · ,,ctiu
1 In the big ret:e p tion room 1\t rs. Karpova
tra nslntcd : "'llc •n)• t hey rcu liw yon nrc
not an CXJ>crt. a nd tiLcy olo not cx1>ect you
to k now the 1!4'crr t• o r ) Our go• ernmen t's
1>0licic•. Bu t they \\ ould like to know "ha t
)Ou~ a n American. thiuL. aho ut Vie tmun .""
T he little lieute nan t had me rold and
ever~ ho•l) Lnc" it. Alone in u cro" d in
\ 'o lgop-atl. I had somd •o" to uns ..er a
question tha t "ould ba'e gh en me great
d ifficulty in Ill) o .. n livin~; room. The fact
.. as tha t I didn' t reaiJ) kno" u·hat lo think
a i>Out \'ietnam. h ut I tould n't ~•)' tha t.
T he e~act conten t" o r "') brief speech
arc mercHully loot in t he s train of thooe
mome nts. Roughly. as I tooLed firot a t the
ceiling . .... then rorce<l lll)l:'elf to look
s traight a t A(onasiev. it was mude Ill> or
frequrnt rc(cre nccs I<> Americun dctermina-
lion to preserve the safe t) of the " orld, to
American belief in the future o f the worl!t.
to America n convic Lion thut her leaders
\\ere acting as they mus t in lhc t!Cvere
provocations of the moment. If I ullo .. ~d
as ho" there we re rliiTcrcnccs o f OJJinion in
A1n crica ahout the si tuation in Victnum, I
added t hat we were sure tha t t>rc~~idcnt
Johnson " ould rcoc h u solution bebind
.. hirh " " could a ll tm itc. I remember "ish-
ing. \\ ltilc " ailing (o r S.c:tin to tranBiote
the sen tence a bou t J ohnson, that be had
gi.-en me, his tra pped impromptu spokes-
man. somet bing a little be tter to go on.
I then considered mentioning Abra ham
Lincoln. whose birth day had just passed,
but "a3 unable to figure out ho" I could
"orl.. him in. I olsooonsidcrcd asl ingA fona-
sie• j u•t " hat ~ITe<>t he tho ught Kooygin·•
,-if'it to tl a no i "1-M luH i••# on "orld tran-
<tuilit ~ Lui discarded cha t as argumenta ti•e
a nd fut ile. I \\Otllld "I' instead " ith a re(er-
e nce IO till' great hroHr) o ( ;\oncrir a n Rllll
R ussian llOidiers. a no t her to the astounding
heroil!m and rebi rth o r VolgoJ:rod a nd said
tbot I wo nted Lo gr t on " ith Ill) oigh tseei ng.
'fbere \\ LIS ll UlOIJlCU it o( &i le HCC US \ t lia
finil!he•l her trnnslotio n. T hen the fu.-.. a ll
orounol me griruwd and there were cheerful
murmur~. To my ext reme relic ( A£tulo8iev
shook honols a gain nnd im•itc1l rnc in to the
museum office for u s moke. T here I signed
the gue.~t book und " c nil sui urouud and
talked nho nt safe snbjects lik,. • ctcra n•'
orgoniuttions and l'hilod elt>hio.
Next tla ) in \"olzluit..i, D new I0\\11 o r 100.-
000 I>COI>lc a rc" miles north of Volgograd.
I ba d <1uite a d iffere n t cunha1!41a<lorial e n-
coun ter at tbc Pa lace o f ll a ppin.,... T bie
.,:11
was tbc loca l marriage emporiwn, four or
li• e brilliantly li~h tetl ground -Door rooms
in an office building. and its director
un imJ>O!!ing woman with three gold teeth
l\ ail
d irectly (ront and cenler. ller name was
Ml1l. Karpova anti sbc explained that when
youog \' olzbs ki couples ,.·anttd to get mar-
ried. she took care of the whole thing-pre-
marita l advice. ceremony, reception, l•ho-
togra phs-right tbcre on the pre mises. I
s hould come the next d a), a Sotunlay, she
said. when she would he pus hing 20 couple.~
t hrough her hallpincss flroduction line.
s ho ..·ed me a buffe t loaded "ith vod ka,
Russian champagne and goodies set up for
the (es ti••itics next day. We s hould all have
some thin g to eat a nd drink righ t now, 1r;o.
Ka rpo••a oaid. A• obe lalked , a1!41iston ts got
a ta ble r~dy for our ine•ita blc aceeptan~'t'.
It \\ 88 finally aboullO tha t e•·cning when
" e all l>iled out into the sno" } street . By
tha t time I " as consitlering going night
st urgf!On-mbing in tbe Volga. M n<. K a fJ>O''•
and ber al!!iatan t.s must b ne had a grillly
time the nex t day .. atling through 20 cere-
monies. and tbe supply a t the buffe t cer-
tain!) had lo be replenisbetl. I a m u nclear
a i>Oul the preci..e conte nt of our con\ersa-
tion during t hose three or four houl1l, but
\\ e talked about marriage a nd courtshit•
customs. the high ra te o f dh·orce and l10"
necest~11ry it was .. ben <lrinking ••odku to
eat plent) or cold cuts and choose. At o ne
poin t. vetia, who nursed a small glas~ of
wi oc through the evening. su id to me, " H
you can remember it, M rs. K arpova "ould
like to know wbatthe priest. suid when >" "
Look your marriage \'o ws.'' I responded'' ith
a synopsis or the service o r holy ma trimony
that must ha \'ll made 1\trl'. Karpovo cert11in
thot hers " as the more advanced tedmi<tue.
And I kno" tha t to .. a rd the cud o f t he
c••cnin g I finally got e•·eryonc's gluSll li(tcd
in salute Lo Abraham Lincoln.
T ha t " "8 m~· last chance to e•rluin
America to the H USAian~. but I ••ish I'd
had one more. C han!;ing planes in Moooo"
n~xt day. l noticed an elder!) Russian rou-
ple in the \\ai ling room. Tloey \l treob• ious-
ly country people, a nd in the s tra nge atm08-
phere or the airport t hey clung to their
batteretl bamllugga ge a nd su i close togeth-
er. The old .. oma n carried a \\ a ll.iug s ticl..,
und the car llaJloi of ber busbond's fu r hut
• tuck s traight o ut like bair) bundles.
\\hen " e took ofT (or Hel•inki, the s le\1 ·
ordcss tried to make the old peo ple com-
forta ble. But tbe) " onld not pu t t heir S"-<118
hock. t he old ma n \\ Ouhl not tuke ofT hi•
coat und but und tbey would cut no d inner.
Wus this their lirstllight.l osl..etl the s iC\\·
ardess. he s aid tha t it ""s a nd t ha t they
we re nu turull) nervous. Where were they
going. 1 asked. T o the States, s he suid, to
California to li.-e with lloeir doughter.
llo" strange tbey will find it, l thought
u I looked do" n tbrough hroken clouds
at the snow and fonli!l. below. Wha t a long
way to go so la te i.n life. I boped tha t thC)'
\\ould 6nd the people kind.
opyng ed
 THE VIOLENT END OF THE
IIi., life oo1ing out through a half dozen or more g unshot wounds
in hi~ chest, Malcolm X, once the~hrillest voice for black >uprcmacy,
Ia) d)ing on the '>tage of a Manhauan auditorium. Moments be-
fore. he had '>tepped up to deli,er the sort of speech for which he
""' famou., and 400 of the faithful had seuled do'' n to hear the
'"'" lla}cd ollthc hated ''hite man. Then a ~cumc broke out in the
hall and \1alcolm's bod>!!Uards bolted from his side to break it up
26
only to di>cover that they had been faked out At lca\t t\\O men
with pistols rose from the audience and pumped bullet\ 1nto the
>pcakcr. '"hilc a third cutloo>e at close range \1-llh both barrel' of
a •awed-oiT'>hotgun. In the confusion the pi'>tol men got"""> · 1 he
'>hotgunner lunged through the crO\\d and out the door. but not b.:-
fore the guard\ came to their wits and 'hot him in the leg. Oul\1de
he \\as.,,, iftl) mertaken by other supporters of Malcolm .tnd \Cf)

picture' \\Crc taken '' ithin :1.
·or l\\O after the killeN fired thcor
po;ool and ;hotgun fu>illade. At left,
MAN CALLED MALCOLM
likely \\Ould have been Momped to d..:ath if the police hadn"t ~aved
him. Mo~t ~hocl..ing of all to the rc~idcnt~ of l larlcm 11a~ the fact
that lalcolm had been killed not b} ''Whitey .. but by mem-
ber~ of hi~ 011 n race.
The countr} ·~ cgro community 11a~ ~uddenly faced 11ith the
po~;,ibilll) of a fratnctdal 11ar. Almo~t before Malcolm x·~ bod}
11a~ cold. >om.:one put the torch to the Blacl.. Mu~lim~· big Harlem
\l alcolm \. he' d}ong near th,· lec- allempts mouth-to-mouth re'u-.cola·
minute oern. "hole h" -upporoe,..; \\ ho ru\hed uon. Then \lalcolm·, '"rc llcll} tm
up b.uc h" hullct-riddlcd chc,t. In »flit<' hfoufl'. """""' pte-lure•) I.. neeI,
tOJl Jlicturc abo,c, .1 }Oung 'lcgro al hi>>ide,.obbong. "The) I.. oiled hom:·
mo~quc. and Ma lcolm\ dedicated follower::. erved notice that ar-
son alone IIOUid not do. Their 1endetta 11as whetted by the memory
of Malcolm\ predtction'>. From the time he brol..e 11ith the Black
•\llu,lim~ a year ago to form hb 011 n militant cadre. ho.: had ~>aid that
Mu,ltm leader t.lijah \lluhammad 11as out to get him. Elijah. now
the hunted. toot.. r..:fugc in hi-, Chic:tgo headquarter~ behind a ;,cre.:n
or bod)guard.,. from 11hcncc he denied any part in the murder.
27

) by GORDON PARKS
FLATTERING THE CHAMP. O n the
noght Ca>Siu' C l.ty defeated Sonn}
Li,to n for I he hc:l\ y\\cight champion-
WITH A CONGRESSMAN. Malcolm
X and Harlem's Adam Clayton Pow-
ell attended a 1964 meeting. c.~lled as
28
ship. Malcolm l>hotographcd h im at
a celebration party in M iami. Here-
c ruited C lay into the Black \1 u'>l in".
a show of unity in support of a Ne-
gro boycott of New York City school'
10 object to "de facl<l.. <egrcgation.
'I WAS A ZOMBIE THEN
A closo• oh.I'<' IT£•r of tlr<' rarl!l!r of Mal-
rolm X. Pltowgraplter-Writer Gordon
Park> gained omprecedented access to
tltl! Black Muslim sariN)• while wark-
iug 011 his compreltcnsi•·e w-ord·and·
picture report in the May J I. 196.1
i.<.<lll' f!{ LorE.
D eath was surely absent from his
face two days before they killed him.
He appeared calm and somewhat re-
splendent with his goatee and astra-
khan hat. Much of the old hostility
and bitterness seemed to have left
him, but the fire and confidence were
still there. We talked of those months
two years ago when I had traveled
with him through the closed world of
Muslimism. trying to understand it.
I thought back to the austere mosques
of the Muslims. the rigidly disciplined
elite guard called the Fruit of Islam.
the instruction it received in karate.
judo and k illing police dogs. I re-
called the constant vilification of the
·'white devil."' the machinelike obe-
dience of all Muslims, the s uspicion
and distrust they had for the out-
sider. But most of all. I remembered
Malcolm. sweat beading on his hard-
muscled face. his fist s lashing the air
in front of his audience: " Hell is
when you don't have justice! And
when you don't have equality, that's
hell! And the devil is the one who
robs you of your right to be a hu-
man being! I don't have to tell you
who the devil is. You know who the
devil is! .. I" Ye$. Brother Malcolm!
Tel/'emlikeit i.fl..)
Malcolm said to me now, " That
was a bad scene, brother. T he sick·
ness and madness o f those days-
l'm glad to be free of them. It's a
time for martyrs now. And if I'm to
be one. it will be in the cause of broth-
erhood. That"s the only thing that
can save this country. I've learned it
the hard way-but I've learned it. And
that's the significant thing."
I was struck by the change; and I
felt he was sincere, but couldn't his
d isenchantment with Elijah Muham-
mad have forced him into another
type of opportunism? As recently as
December 20 he had yelled a t a Har- Muslims are out to get you?" I asked.
lem rally: "We need a Mau Mau to '• Jt"s us true as we are standing
win freedom and equality in the Unit- here. They've tried it twice in the last
ed States! ..... There was an incon- two weeks...
<istency here. Could he. in his dread "What about police protection?"
of being pushed into obscurity, have He laughed. " Brother, nobody can
trumped up another type of zealo try? protect you from a Muslim but a
I doubted it. He was caught. it Muslim-or someone trained in Mus-
,;eemed. in a new idealism. And, as lim tactics. I know. I invented many
time bore out. he had given me the of those tactics."
essence of what wa• to have been his .. Don't you have any protection
brotherhood speech- the one his kill- at all'!'"
ers silenced. It was this intentness on He laughed again. ''Oh. there arc
brotherhood that cost him his life. hunters and there are those who hunt
For Malcolm. over the objections of the hunters. But the odds are cenain-
his bodyguards. was to rule against ly with tho se who are most skilled
anyone being searched before enter- at the game:·
ing the hall that fateful day: ·•we He explained that he was now
don't want people feeling uneasy... he ready to provide a single, unifying
<;<tid. "We must create an image that platform for all our people, free of
makes people feel at home ... politic.~!. religious and economic dif-
.•,, it rc:~lly true that the Alack ference~. ..One big force under one
Copynghted matE 1
-LIKE ALL MUSLIMS, I WAS HYPNOTIZED'
banner," he called it. He was con-
vinced that whatever mistakes he had
made after leaving Elijah Muham-
mad had been in the name of brother-
hood. "Now it looks like this broth-
erhood I wanted so badly has got me
in a jam," he said.
Within the last year he had sent
me postcards from Saudi Arabia, Ku·
wait, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria. Gha-
na and Tanganyika, and I thanked
him for them.
"Everybody's wondering why I've
been going back and forth to Africa.
Well, first I went to Mecca to get
closer to the orthodox religion of Is-
lam. I wanted first-hand views of the
African leaders- their problems are
inseparable from ours. The cords of
bigotry and prejudice here can be cut
with the same blade. We have to keep
that blade sharp and share it with
one another." Now he was sound·
ing like the old Malcolm: "Strangely
enough, listening to leaders like Nas-
ser, Ben Bella and Nkrumah awak-
ened me to the dangers of racism. I
realized racism isn't just a black and
white problem. It"s brought blood
baths to about every nation on earth
at one t ime or another. •·
He stopped and remained silent
for a few moments. "Brother."" he
said finally, ' ·remember the time that
white college girl came into the res-
taurant-the one who wanted to help
the Muslims and the whites get to-
gether- and I told her there wasn't
a ghost of a chance and she went
away crying•··
"'Yes.""
' ' Well. I've lived to regret that in-
PLANNING THE LAST RALLY. Mal-
colm's pregnant wife Betty and their
four children sat at his side as he urged
cident. In many parts of the African
continent I saw white students help-
ing black people. Something like this
kills a lot of argument. I did many
things as a Muslim that I' m sorry
for now. I was a zombie then-like all
Muslims- ! was hypnotized, point-
ed in a certain direction and told to
march. Well. I guess a man "s enti·
tied to make a fool of himself if he's
ready to pay the cost. It cost me
12 years.""
As we parted he laid his hand on
my shoulder. looked into my eyes and
said. ""A salaam alaikem, br01hcr.""
'"And may peace be with you. Mal-
colm."" I answered.
Driving home from that last meet-
a Harlem gathering to attend rally
chalked on the blackboard- the rally
where the assassins would lie in wait.
ing with Malcolm, I realized once
more that, despite his extremism and
inconsistencies. I liked and admired
him. A certain humility was wed to
his arrogance. I assumed that his bit·
terness must have come from his
tragic early life. His home in East
Lan.sing. Mich. was burned to the
ground by white racists. He had lived
for many years with the belief that
whites had bludgeoned his father to
death and left his body on the tracks
to be run over by a streetcar.
M alcolm's years of ranting against
the " white devils"" helped create the
climate of violence that tinally killed
CONTINUED 29
v0pynghted Material
 FIRE BOMBS WITH A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE
MALCOLM X CONTINUEO

him, but the private man was not a

violent one. He was brilliant, am·
bilious and honest. And he was fear·
less. He said what most of us black
folk were afraid to say publicly. When
he told oft' "a head-whipping cop"-
as he described him- his tongue was
coupled with a million other black
tongues. When he condemned the
bosses of the "rat-infested ghetto," a
Harlem full of fervid ·•amens·· could
be heard ricocheting ofT the squalid
tenements.
I remember Malcolm's complete
devotion to Elijah Muhammad and
his words when he was serving as the
Muslims' spokesman: "All that Mu·
hammad is trying to do is clean up
the mess the white man has made,
and the wh ite man should give him
credit. He shouldn't run around here
calling [Muhammad] a racist and a
hate-teacher. White man, call your-
self a hate-teacher because you in-
vented hate. Call yourself a racist be·
cause you invented the race problem.''
Malcolm \\as not after power in the
Muslim organization. but his unques·
tioning belief in the movement, his
personal charm, his remarkable abil·
ity to captivate an audience brought
him that power. With Elijah aging
and ailing, Malcolm became the ob-
vious choice as his successor. But his
power and prominence also made
him a marked man in the rightly
disciplined society. His downfall had
started even before his notorious com- FACE OF ANGER. A follower of Mal·
ment on President Kennedy's assas- colm X stares down at bis leader's
sination ("Chickens coming home to body as it is carried out of the audi·
roost never did make me sad; they've seemed to understand that her fa. ·•so, what happens now'/'' I re· torium, and worried police struggle
always made me glad!"). But with tber wouldn't come again. She tugged pea ted. to control the angry, milling crowd.
that statement he unwitti11gly made at her mother's skirt. '"Please don't "Six brothers are already on their
himself more vulnerable. go out, Momma." way for the main visit."
" I won't go, baby. Momma won't hMain visit?"
go out." She gently pushed the child's " There's always been u standing
O n the night of Malcolm's death, head into her lap and told her to go order. If anything happens to Broth·
at the home of friends where his fam· to sleep. er Malcolm, six brothers catch the
ily had taken refuge, I sat with his " He was alw~ys away, •• Betty went first plane to Chicago. or Phoenix-
wife Betty, his two oldest children on, "but I knew he would always wherever he's at."
and a group of his stunned followers, come back. We loved each other. He "Elijah Muhammad, you mean?"
watching a television review of his was honest- too honest for his own "He's the top zombie. l-Ie's the
stormy life. When his image appeared good, I think sometimes." I started first to be visited."
on the screen, blasting away at the in· to leave and she said, " I only hope I thought back to the time in Phoe·
justices of " the enemy," a powerfully the child I'm carrying is just like his nix when I last saw Muhammad and
built man sitting near me said softly, father.'' Malcolm toget her- the two men
"'Tell 'em like it is, Brother Malcolm, "I hope you get your wish." I said. warmly embracing, their cheeks
tell "em like it is.'" touching in farewell. I felt empty.
The program ended and Betty got ·• And after him?" 1 asked.
up and walked slowly to the kitchen
and stood staring at the wall. Six·
Iheavy-set
rode back to the city with the
man who had sat near me
"The names on Brother Malcolm's
list- the ones who were trying to
year-old Attallah followed and took during the telecast. He slumped in kill him."
her mother's hand. " Is Daddy com· disgust and guilt. "We could have The list, as the newspapers report·
ing back after his speech, Momma?" saved him. We could have saved ed, was taken from Malcolm's pock·
Betty put her arms around the him,'' he kept mumbling. " How et as he Jay dying. F IRM DENIAL. At C hicago press con·
child and dropped her head on the stupid. How stupid." ''They know who they arc. Tbey've ference which he called two days after
refrigerator. '"He tried to prepare me '"What happens now?" I asked. be.!n properly notified," he said sol- Malcolm's murder, Elijah Muham·
for this day."' she said. "But.l couldn't " Plenty. brother, plenty. They emnly. The list also includes the prin· mad denies that his disciples had
bring myself to listen. I'd just walk made a mistake. We'll rally now like cipal targets for vengeance: the Mu· any part in the gangland-style slaying.
out of the room. The other day- one big bomb. Those zombies are the lrammad Speaks newspaper office,
after they tried to bomb us out of the biggest obstacle in the progress of our the Shabazz Restaurant. Mosque No.
house-was the only time I could stay people. They're like quicksand. They 7. ''If they're able to bold their meet·
and listen. I just closed my eyes and swallow up people by the dozens. I ings at the mosque after tomorrow
hung onto everything he said. I was got into the organization thinking I night." the man said. "I'll join up R ETALIATION BY FIRE. Soon after
prepared. That's why I'm ashamed I was going to help promote progress with them again. Brother, that place the murder, flames- started by an ar·
cried over him when he was lying and all the stuff they hand you. The will be no more." sonist-<lbliterate Muhammad's Har-
there all shot up." next thing I knew, I was hawking their I took his word for it-and my lem Mosque No. 7. Followers of slain
Only Qubilah, the four-year-old. lying news paper." despair deepened. leader vowed "maximum retaliation."

30

Copynghted material
U.N . BELITTLER. Grcn'lllc Clark of
U.S. "arncd Port•m in Trrri1 con-
ference lhal "orld peace require a
surranatwnal bod) "oth P<>"Cr to
enforce 11> 1\lll .tg.unst an) nntoon.
U . N . DEFEN DER. Lord Caradon,
Broli,h dclc~;utc 10 U.J'. .. urged rcspccl
for the org.UHLatoon :b bc't .tvaolable
omtrumcnt for peace. l ie ,aid need
" ..dctcrmonatoon. not dcfcati~m ...
PANEL ON EUROPE. Danger of East-
West confrontation in Europe cvok~
(right) an anima1cd disco~ oon from
(/1'/t w r(l(/11) dclcg:ncs George Ken-
nan of U.S.: Carlo Schmod of We 1
Germany: France's Robcn lluron:
Paul-Henri Spaak of llelaium and Fred
Warner Neal of U.S. Kennan urged
"gmceful" acceptance of u 1cmporarily
di1 idcd Gennany. Schmod argued that
Germans should not be denied lhe
.. human righ1" of sclf-dc1eroni na1ion.
PEACE ON
EARTH?
An extraordinary assemblage of the world's movers and ~haker~
converged on New York City to grapple with a staggeringly am-
bitious subject : solutions to the eternal human problem of war.
They borrowed as their working title Pacem ill Ten·is- Peace on
Earth. from Pope John XXIII'S great encyclical of Easter Week
1963. which had injected a dynamic new Catholic viewpoint into
a dozen crucial issues: disarmament. nuclear weapons. the U.N..
coexistence, racial equality, human rights and human freedom. The
ew York convocation. which was conceived by Ro bert Hutch-
ins. president of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institu-
tions. intended to explore secular pathways toward fulfillment of
Pope Jlo hn's 1 ision. The Vatican encyclical naturally was based
on a divine plan for mankind and incorporated the fundamental
Catholic concept of Natural Law- man ·s instinctive. God-given
knowledge of right and wrong. The statesmen and scholars took
the encycl ical as a point of departure. ''This is a political meeting:·
Hutchins sa id . .. If the principles of Pacem i11 Terris arc sound.
how can they be carried out in the world as it i~?" The speeches and
seminars. recorded for distribution to 90 U.S. educational T V and
125 radio stations. were only a beginning. But it was a beginning
that held promise for new departures in world statecraft and for
still further reverberations of Pope John's challenging encyclical.
CONTINUED
33
.;opynghted mater1al 1
 ASearch for Something More
Than a Community of Fear
by JOHN K. JESSUP
T he guest list would have done
credit to a U.N. charter meeting
or a state funeral: the Secretary-
General of the U.N., the president
of the Assembly and two former
presidents; the Vice President and
Chief J ustice of the U.S., a n asso-
ciate justice and four U.S. sena-
tors: Belgium's Foreign Ministe r
Paul-Henri Spaak; the Italian dep-
uty prime minister, Pietro Nenni;
leading officials from Russia, Po-
land and Yugoslavia; two justices
of the World Court; Historian
Arnold Toynbee a nd Theologian
Paul Tillich ; all told, 2,000 dele-
gates from 20 nations of the Com-
munist, neutralist and free worlds.
If the dramatis personae were
impressive, the subject maHer of
the three-day Pm·em in Turis con-
vocation was even more so. T he
participants aimed to explore the
requi rements of a durable world
peace through panels covering the
Rule of Law. peace-keeping insti-
tutions. a solution to Europe's ter-
ritorial dilemmas, the problems of
neutralist and non-nuclear nations,
the terms of coexistence, and the
implications of the papal encycli-
cal for U.N. policy. The approach
to these great issues was a series
of panel discussions conducted by
the most prestigious delegates.
Was all this too ;ambitious even
for so august an assemblage? In
his opening address. Vice Presi-
dent Hubert H umphrey thought
not. Pacem in Terris, said he, offers
•·a public philosophy for a nuclear
era." The Pope did not write "a
Utopian blueprint for world peace,
presupposing a sudden change in
the nature of man. Rather it rep-
resents a call to action to leaders
of nations, presupposing only a
gradual change in human institu-
tions ... the building o f a world
community." The audience was
highly receptive to this kind of
hopeful talk. Consisti ng mainly of
intellectuals, clerics and foreign-
affairs ex perts. it was conspicuous-
ly short of representati ves from the
Pentagon and Red China. As a
group, it was a little too quick to
applaud any mention of world
government , banning-the-bomb,
and stopping the war in Vietnam.
But this was very much in the "Jo-
hannine mood." and the author
of Pacem in Terris, who was very
34
much a yea-sayer for peace. would or both could look forward to vic-
no doubt have heartily approved tory. The Bomb has removed that
of this convocation. reason; neither side can expect to
Not all the participants found ' 'win" in a nuclear war. argued
Pope John's underlying assump- Spaak. a point on which all think-
tions so congenial. Some of them ing men agree, and on which even
skipped, some of them explicitly Khrushchev had expressly con-
rejected his premise that G od is curred with the Pope. Thus there
the creator of all men . Others ac- need not be a n uclear war despite
cepted the premise but not a ll o f ma n's natural bellicosity. In a sim-
the Pope's reasoning. The eminent ilar tribute to the deterrent effect
Protestant theologian-philosopher of mutual terror, Luis Quintanilla,
Paul T illich threw cold water on Mexico's onetime minister to the
certain Utopian expectations he U.S., nominated the Bomb for the
found in the encyclical. Its "deter- Nobel Peace Prize.
mining principle"- that justice is As the panelists got down to
based on the equal dignity and work on such practical matters as
rights of every individual- is only German reunification and foreign
agreed on, said Tillich, in "West- aid. the question about war and
ern. Christian-Humanist culture, human nature went underground CHAIRMAN. In disarmament ap-
but not essentially beyond it." for a while. But it su rfaced again peal, conference chairman Robert
Other cultures and religious tradi- in the final session when Novelist Hutchins assailed "the repellent spec-
tions do not value these concepts Eugene Burdick complained that tacle of governments proclaiming
so highly, and furthermore "there CONTINUEO peace while they arm to the teeth."
are situations in which nothing
short of war can defend or estab-
lish the dignity of the person."
The papal encyclical had de-em-
phasized the old Catholic distinc-
tion between just and unjust wars,
deploring all of them; but it con-
tained no adeq uate discussion o f
the use of coercion in the just exer -
cise o f power.
Peace through fear
Tillich brought up the question,
which the Pope had not, of wheth-
er human nature is even capable of
peace on earth. Man's will being
hopelessly ambiguous, he said, one
should not address an encyclical
to "all men of good will" (as the
Pope did ) but to all men, since
there is bad in the best and good
in the worst. Finally, Tillich dis-
tinguished between Utopian hopes
of a world ruled by peace, jus-
lice and love, which must await
the end of history, and more re-
alistic hopes for a world com-
munity capable of avoiding self-
destruction. He named several
grounds for such genuine hope,
including the "community of fear"
created by the horrors of nuclear
war itself. This negative ground,
he said, at least makes the conflict-
ing powers conscious that there is
such a thi ng as "mankind with a
common destiny.''
Belgium's Paul- Henri Spaak de- ANTINATIONALIST. Philip Jessup
MODEL PACI FIST. Japan's Or. Ken-
veloped this negative ground for 20 Takayanagi recommended that all (right), a judge on the World Court,
hope a step further. A major rca- nations adopt the "pacifist clause" criticized nati onal sovereignty as
son why men have fought wars of ahe Japanese constitution, which "a quicksand totally incompatible
throughout history is that one side abolishes war as a sovereign right. with the international Rule of Law."
Copynghted material
 AFRICAN CRITIC. Nigerian chief-
tainS. 0. Adebo deplored selfish na-
tionalism of the major world powers.
He said new nations want .. aid with-
out pursestrings"' instead of bribery.

HOPEFUL ITALIAN. Vice Premie r

Pietro Nenni of (laly reco mmended
a unified European parliament to
be elected by universal suffrage as
a safeguard against ;my future war.
SKEPTI C. Pro tcsmnt theologian Paul
Tillich questioned whether mank ind
is capable of sustaining peace on
earth. He concluded that man can
hope for ·•partial vic tories"' over evil.

U . N. REFORMER. Mexico's Luis

Quintanilla would overhaul United
Nations to make all nations mem-
bers. weight voting by populat•on
and give U.N. a nuclear monopoly.

COMMUNIST SPOKESMAN. Adam

SchatT of Poland declared that great
nations no longer can fight shooting
wars. but their .. noble and ration.tl..
ideological warfare must continw.

35
/'• r Jhled matenal
 When man is both l(iller and saint, how
PEACE ON EARTH? CONTINU EO
he had heard too little discussion
of whether man is really a peace-
lovi ng or even a rational creature.
He was an~wered first by Psychia-
trist Jerome Frank. who pointed
out that whi le man is indeed a
hundle of hostilities. modern war
is an elaborate social institution
that has to be taught to each gen-
eration and can be untaught as
well. T he problem. thought Frank.
i; not how to create total peace on
~art h. but how to make the world
,afe for man·s natural aggressive-
36
ness by limiting the scope of his
conflicts.
When Burdick persisted in his
doubts about human nature. he
was reminded that T illich had al-
ready answered him: man is both
good and bad, addicted at once to
violence and to ,elf-preservation:
or as another panelist put it...both
killer and saint."
The consequence of this duality
of man's natu re for the preserva-
tion of peace was crystal clear.
said Lawyer Grenville Clark. co-
author of World Peace through
World l .lllr; the nations must grant
powers to a supranational body
sufllcicnt to curb the destructive
impulse of any one nation; and
such powers "can only be honestly
described as those of government"
- i.e. a world government.
World government
The need for world government.
and its corollary. the obsolescence
o f sovereign nations. were a recur-
rent theme throughout the three
days of discussion. Several par-
ticipants quoted the papal encycli-
cal (which called for "public au-
thorities ... o n a worldwide basis")
as having at least made the subject
respecta ble.
Even Herman Kahn, the Rand
Corporation's tough-minded nu-
clear strategist, felt that "a rather
bad wo rld government might be
bctterthan no world government."
Political scientist H ans Morgen-
thau of the University of Chicago,
while not expecting sovereignties
to be abolished overnight, thought
statesmen should think of them-
selves as "nothing more than the
caretakers of a bankrupt national
regime which t hey have to t rans-
form. slowly. into a new one:'
Copynghted matenal

do we proceed from there?
Some of the uuc,mcn prc-.cn1
" ere "illing to go prcll} fa r an
thi> darccuon. Spaak. long " ell
l..no" n ao; a prophet of political
unit} in Europe. fun her advocated
the general renunciation not o nly
o f nuclc:tr \\ar. but of a ll 11:tr~
'' hat;oe,~r. including "war\ of
nat iona l lib~rat ion" and war' "an
dcfeoN! of democracy." Quinta·
ni lla. ~pca l.. i ng in the co;ion o n
the Rule of La11 . w:~~ for reform-
ing the U.N. in the d irection of
'' oriJ go1.:rnmcnt by mal.. in~ tl>
mcmber,htp unaver,:tl. enl:trgang
the 5-.'Curit} Council and abo li\h-
ing the 1eto. 11eighting As,embl)
vote<; to represent populauon;.
and gi1ing the organi7ation a mo-
no poly of nuclear force. 1 the
same ;,es;,ion. the chairman of the
Con,tituuon Revision Co mmission
of Japan. Kcn1o Tal..ayanagi. re-
poned that hi, commi;,,ion had
decided m11 to recommend a ny
change in Japan·s famous "paci-
fi; !'' clau.,e. Article IX of the Con-
'titution. 11htch renounce, J apan·,
smereign right to 11age 11ar and
po;,'c'' ar:nament;. Japan 'hould
l..ecp Anode I X. he >aid. in the
hope that it ''ill be a model for
future cothtitution < and th e
amendment of old one>. (At the
end of the meeting. hO'>l Robert
H utchin' annou nced he \\Ould
'!>end the rc\t of hi' lofe lobbyong.
for " l .S cOthlltution:~l tomcnd-
ment lil..e Aniclc IX.)
Piecemeal peace-keeping
Such radical tall.. n:11urally met
coun terargument 111 \C\cra l pan-
t:(, from the more c:tutiOth 'P'~'~~ '·
tho: bclie1 c r, in · 'piccem.:al" pc.acc-
h~pmg. So1cr~agnt~ and n<llional-
"m dr.:\\ :t kmd 11ord fmm Mu-
hammad Zafrull.t Khan of th.:
RUSSIAN TAlKER. As ll i~torian Ar·
nold Toynbce (fllr ltftl and rrancc\
Xa' ier Denoau h;ten. Soviet delegate
Zhuko' bullonhole' .S. Sen:uor
Fulbright before panel on coc'istcncc.
World Court.'' ho pointed out that
only a full) so,ercig.n n:~uon can
make a firm treat). or e1cn cede
p:trt of it > sovcreignt) to the :Ill·
thorit} of110rld law. l-I t~ U.S. col-
league on the World Court. Philip
J c~~up. cmpha itcd t he coral-li~c
'' ay in 11 hich law grow>: the fact
that much international bc ha1 ior,
~uch a> air routes. mail and \\ Ca th-
er information. i; already j!O\·
crncd by a net worl. of l:n1. which
can and d ocs gro\\: and that ' ' leg
01er leg. the dog \\Cnt to Do1cr."
TEXT CONTINUED ON PAGE 92A
3'1A
1m] WASHINGTON
REPORT Prepared by the TIME·LIFE Washington staff.
edtted by LIFE Bureau Chtef Atchard Stolley
THIN-SKINNED L.BJ.
" In America the President reigns for
four years," Oscar Wilde once ob-
served. "and Journalism governs for
ever and ever."
Relations bcl"ecn President and
press ha•e often been ~our, ever s ince
George Washington first called the
gazettes "tro ublesome." They arc
sour again today.
During the campa ign J ohn,on had
a aood press. He went out of his way
to accommodate rcponers. but the
counship cooled soon after the clcc·
tion. L.B.J . bus become secretive. He
refuses to lncr~ the frt>quency and
candor Of the JM'e5idenliaJ JM'CSS COO•
fcrcnce a nd has a particularly tight
damp on theooce-hclpful White Ho~
staff, many of "hom no"' • • oid bein11
seen a t lunch "ilb reporter frll'nds.
Instead of settling the feud quieti)
within the White House. the thin·
s kinned John~n seems obscs,ed b)
an antagonism toward the p=s. He
underlines these feelings for all" ithin
earshot with rich. ranch-country in-
vective. One of his kinder descrip-
tions of the founh estate: "The most
inaccur..at~ prore,,ion I know.'' And
although he continues to see impor-
tant reporters individually, the Presi-
dent burdens his intervie\\ers with
hursh cracks about their colleagues.
Leaks infuriate him. Recently, he
publicly ;u:cuscd Hubert Humph rey
o f disclosing dct<tils of the ugricul·
tural mcs~ul!e. When reporters wrote
authoritati•cly of Johnson's discn·
chantmcnt \\ith Health. Education
and Welfare Secretary Celcbrezzc.
the President about-faced and pro·
claimed him one of the ~trongcr men
in the Cabinet.
"There's only one ><lutce around
here." L~ndon Johnson has said.
"That's me."
IKE AND THE BUTTONS
D" il!ht Eiscnho\\er \\a~ recently
a~l.ed if he thOUI!ht U.S. policy in
Vietnam \\US wise. Hi~ reply. in effect:
Ho" >hould /l.now? I'm not on the
inside anymore. When ll.c returned
e;"t from Palm Springs, Lyndon
J ohnson mo•cd to alleviate this sta te
of affairs by inviting him to the W hile
House for u fill-in- and to give the
blush ofbipanisanship to the Stepped·
up war in Vietnam.
While Eisenhower nnd the Prcsi·
dent ate scalloped oysters and broiled
steak. Lynda Bird strolled in from
class at George Washington Univer·
sity, chntting about her interest in
ancient hi~tory. I kc beamed. " When
I was your age," he told Lynda, " I
was so interested in the subject that
my mother confiscated my books.
She wanted me to take time 10 study
~mething else."
In the familiar Oval Office the
368
and he felt >O run do" n that he ques- file a return thi> )car. After April 15
tioned the \\isdom or his trying lo its crafty computers will be able to
help guide policy in such a ticklish single out instantaneously anyone ..-ho
'ituation. hasn't filed a return- or " ho has filed
Dean Rusk ~ccnly rememb.!rsa talk more than one return In order to gel
Ooor is still pockmarked from !I.e's with John Foster Oullcs when Eisen· extra refunds.
golf shoes-the t\\0 men g~sip..>d ho\\er'~ fonncr Secretary or State was Eventually, the plan is to cata·
:tbout heart attacks. " I think mine d) ing of cancer. Dulles was convinced Iogue in the computers every taxpay·
must have been a different type from thai had be fell stronger he might bare er's complete returns for the forego·
yours," Eisenhower said. Then. peer· I:H.'t'n more skillful in negolia ling ,.itb ing three years. By comparing an in·
ing at the complicated desk, with the f.~t~'Pt on the Aswan Dam project. The dividual's current return with those
awe ofan ex-general who rarely placed abruptno:~s "ith which the U.S. can· or the preceding years, the IRS ma·
his own phone calls. he exclaimed: cclcd it~ offer of aid brought on as- chines can immedhuely and thor-
"M y goodness, that's funcy! Do you 'cr's seizure of the SucL. oughly detect questionable deduc·
really 11se all those bultons?·· Since tiK!n Rusk has rl.'llllrded the lions. ( It's interesting to note that
lll.'fllth of nationa l le~~ders as a serious your complete three-year lax return
THE SUBRE RAMROD r,lt lor in world tensions. He has noted will be recorded on less than a square
that many hil!h·rankinl! Communists inch of tape.)
Down on the Pedernales when a dogie have been in poor hcahh--<'.g.. Mao. In certain cases the computers will
or two breaks from the herd. it take~ Ulbricht- and that part of our prob- be programed not only to pluck oul
lillie more than a smart cruel. up lem with I ndom.'sia may \\ell he Su- the name or a likely offender but also
'side the head to bring the critter bad karnn·~ mlinl! kidney. to type and mail him a crisp , polite
into line. request to bring his receipts to the lo-
It isn't that easy to rc,.lorc order YOU CAN'T KID A MACHINE cal IRS office. At that point, hope·
among U.S. Senate strays "ho arc fuUy. humans will tal.c over.
exhoning the President to negotiate The Internal Rc•enuc Service has The IRS already has noted that
now in Vietnam. L.B.J . is seekln~: now reached :1 hil!h electronic pla- delinquent taxpayers by the thou-
some subtler but equally effccth c "a) teau in the proccso;cs of check in~: in· sands have been confessing, and SS
to convince them ,.e must build up our come lax returns. At its Maninsburg, million in back taxes and penalties
militar~· strength t.h ere first. W. Va. computer center I RS has. has been received from people who
A s a first step. Johnson sent a cou· after three )~I'll. compiled a com· paid because 1hey arc resigned to the
pleofhistop"mnglers. Hubert Hum· plctc list ofe•ery individual and busi· machines' infallibility and figured
phrey and McGeorge Bundy, up ontu n~' in the .S. "ho is supposed to they'd be nailed eventually.
the H ill one recent day for a scc~t
meeting "ith the wandcrcrs-Fr.m~
Church, George McGovern. Stephen
Young and Gaylord Nelson, all lib·
cral Democrats. For an hour and :1 Of u/1 tile' fl'llll'lllhram·e.r of J11.rtice Felix Frankfurter, who died /rut
n'('tJA, 110114' 1\'fl.\ tt•armer tha11 the one by his old jrie11d, former Sec,.etary
half. in the Vice PresidcnCs c.:rcmo·
nial chambers, Bundy warned that oj Sf(t/1' Ot•wt Arlu•.w111, "'ri11e11 for 1/re Harvard Law Review i11 No·
1'1'11/hcr 1962: "For 20 rears we walked !low/11011'11 /oge/lrer erery fair
disagrt-ement with Johnson would
undenninc South Vietnamese moral.:. tluy. My wife wo11ld >J)I'CIIIate in amazemem 011 wlral we could filtd lo
talk alum/ jilT wt lw11r nt•ry momi11g 011d d11ri!IJ( a u•h•plro11e call or
The senators expressed dismay that
their ad vice had been misinterprct<.-d y,.,
••i<it /11 till' ,.,.,,llitt)t. tlrt• 1alk never s topped and ne••er C'eased w ab-
wll'h llf•••• Av ti11w II'C'/11 011, our i11ability to s top u11r talk at 1/w
- but their minds were unchan11cd.
l'c'IIII.Y)'II'(mill Avem11• <'11/TOIICt! 10 lite ole/ Slate DcporlliWIII ... drove
Humphrey rema rked, "You boyssu~
don't scare easily.'' 11< to an agrt•eme/11 tltal we would slop, e•wt i11 tlte middle of a sen·
That evening at a Whne Houo;c ~· wnre. o.\ "'e paned a C'ertaill craC'k i11 /Itt! sldewa/A. Bill if was 110
'""· H e r/aimnl that to stop walking, but not talkit~g, 11'/tl'll 11'1! rome
ccption. young Senator Church sud·
let the rrark II'OS only proper avoidance, 11ot /ego/ emsion of the rule."
denly found himself in a corner of
the state dining room. nose to nose
"i1h the President- a Johnson stan<.'C
reminiscent of his days as the ramrod
of Scnale Democrats. As guest~ cl·
bo\\,'<1 by toward the buffet. Johnson
strongly urged Church 10 reconsider.
" If only Frank had surrendered."
another senator said, "we all could
ha•c gone home a half hour earlier."
rgotiate-now adHicates claim l be
White H ouse whip-snapping Is having
little effect. One of them says a third
of the 68 Senate Democrats tacitly
agree with their position and another
third are "leaning.''
DEAN RUSK'S HEALTH
The hardiest among pervasive Wash·
ington r umors is that Secretary o f
State Dean Rusk is on the way oul.
It burgeoned again when Rusk stayed
in Florida throughout the crisis over
bombing North Vietnam. The excuse
offered was presidential concern over
Rusk's bad cold.
Actually Rusk himself decided
against returning. In the past four
years. he has had only 10 days ofT.
No job for a woman.
No job for your wife-taking care of
things that should not be her responsibil ity
alone.
Things like the mortgage. And the kids'
college. And how to live-comfortably
-if you're not around.
That's your job. But don't try to do it by
yourself. Use your Prudential "pro".
He can translate those figures in your
insurance policy into what really counts:
the continuing security that Income
Dollars bring ... to feed your family . . .
and clothe them ... and house them .. .
and educate them-year-i n, year-aut.
And he brings you the best references
in the world: our millions of
pol icyholders.

THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA

Copynghled matenal
 MUSIC

Imp1·esnrio Sarah Caldwell is Boston·s p1ima dynamo

She Puts the Oomph

•
m the Opera
Lly DOH A JANE
JIAi\lllLIN

A n amazing 1\0rnon named Sarah

Caldwell made one of her absen t-
minded fora) S int.o 1\cw Yo rk City
last month and 1\0und up in my
office, l oo~ing faintl y surpriot-d to
have found nnyon!' in such an un·
likely place. It 11as freezing cold in
Ne" York but \I iss Cald11ell 11ore
neither hat nor gloH'S. 'he didn't R eheaN-ing the Boston Opera com·
hnH' a pursl' l'ill•l'r. hut sh e did pany, Sarah pia)• multiple roles: the
hnH' a m) sh•riou;, dar~ blue bun- forceful sta~e tlirertor (flbnr·~). thl'
dle clutched in one hand and she critical conductor of the nrche,tra
\\Orl' a \\Oich rou~:~hly thl' size of a (left) and the dc•otcd operatic •turlent.
Big Ben alarm clod, cO\!'r<.'ll "ith
dials. w.. talked for some time
about hcrop!'rn compan) and then ,
;,uddenl), s he loo~cd at the 1\atch
- hea\1'11 kno\\ S 11luc·h dial-1!hot
to her fel'l and vonish<'d into the
dark. murm uring ;,orncthing obout
''a meeting right no" in Uoston"
and something dse about "a phone
call from Czcchoslo\lt~ iu."

.J\ fte r ohc hml gon(', I nco tic·ed lhc

dark hlul' hunliiP c rumpl ed up o n a
<'hair. It turned out to he \•)iss
Caldwell's Lc•t s uit. the o ne she
often \\Cars "hen ohe conducts the
ope ra orches tra. Since she had re-
marked that she had already culled
o n the Ford Foundation a nd the
\ ational l::ducotional Television
people before she got to me, I "on-
dcred idly "hat she might ho\e left
hchind in thPir offic{'S. 'o mat·
tcr. T he sui t "OS "rapped up and
mailed to the Boston office of \I iss
Cald"ell's opera company.
' 'I'm afraid that I do no t relate
\\ell lo possessions," ohe later ex-
plained apologetically.
Wha t s he n·latt•s to is music and
she rela te• so \\ell that in u mere
seven years as founder, financial
scrounger ond artistic dirt>ctor of
The Boston (I peru s h<' hus mud!' it
the most cxcitiug II C\\ Hll turc of
its kiud iu the co uutry and, in tiH'
process, s he has bccom<' both uu
intcmationul cdcb•·it} uud a locul
charac trr. It is virtually un lwarol
of in the operatic 1\0d<l for one
perso n to odcc t uud direct the cw. t,
•·omm ission all tlw sl'tS and •·ns.
tum('5, trud, du" n •·luhiH· •I'Orl'•,
CONTINUED
 Her basic rule: don't bore the customers
OPERA CONTINUED
~ uprrv i~r th e lightin g a nd the n.
o fte n as 1nll. conduc t th e o rches-
tra. T his is "ha t. Sa ra h Caldwe ll
d oes. a nd it's s mall wonder tha t
ghe >eld om kno"s wh e re s he's le ft
l1cr hest s uit o r t he keys to her
UIJa rtm c nt.
" Miss Caldwe ll is o ne of the
gn·a t l)rcod urer~ o f th<: wo rld," says
Soprano .loan S uth erland.
" flm· of the finest s tage direc-
tors I've C\•cr kno" n, a nd a s u-
IJCrh mus icologis t," s ays Co nduc-
to r Laszlo Halasz, fo rmer artis tic
and mu s ic d irecto r o f th e Ne w
Yo,~~ Ci,ty O pera Com?an r:
S hes a mad gcn1us, sa ys a
s he ll-shocked former collrague of
t lw ma ny.ha nrl cd lady.
He r s ho rt Boston season has he -
come a must fo r rriti rs a nd o pe ra
huAs fro m as fa r afie ld as San Fra n-
c is<·" · Chicago , Dallas and ew
York. This y<·ar s hl' has already
packed th ~ m in t" ice- to hear
Joan S uth e rland si ng the first fully
s taged Scrnimmide in this cou ntry
in 60 yea rs, an d aga in for the U.S.
pre mie re o f a d issona nt modern
wo rl, call ed lntoll em n:o. Miss
Cald" ~ll is o ffering o ne mo re big
,,.,.. lat<> in March : the Russian-
la nguage lJoris Codunov. in wh ic h
the grt·at basso Boris Christo ff" ill
ma ke h i» debut o n the East Coast.
lntollemn;a is s uch a controver- ro wed from the pres tig io us Bos to n
sial wor k that. perfo rma nces o f it Symph on y a nd, thrrcfore, is s uh-
hav!' touched off demo ns tra tio ns jec t to the priority o f o the r sym-
(by neo- 'az is) in Ve n ice, Italy and phony engagements. He r theate r is
frankfurt, Germany. o one in the a rent ..d fo nne r mo ,•ie ho use with
.S. had da red to uc h it until Miss 3,400 seats, whic h didn't even ha ve
Cald\\ cll took it un. S he had to a n o rc hestra J>it un til a mo nth ago
ba ttle the S ta le Departme nt to ge t when its o wne rs pa id the ir belated
a visa fo r its composer, Ita lian le ft- respects to the Boston Ope ra's
is t Luigi No no; s he reached be hind g mwing prestige by digging up the
the Iro n C urta in to la tch onto conc re te unde r the firs t few rows
Czech s tage designe r and lighting o f seats to ma ke a pit. The rehea rs-
expert Josef Svoboda, who set up al ha ll. a luxury th e opera never
th!' revolutio na ry Late rna Magika had until this year, is au aban -
(whic h in cludes a " lig ht wall" that d oned sy nagogue which a lso se rves
seems to make th e a c to rs vanis h as a sccue ry-building s ho p, "ig-
on s tage); s he hooked up closed - maker's quarte rs-and Sarah 's o f-
circ uit telc \•ision ins ide th e theate r fice. Furthermore, from its incep-
so tha t, during the o pera's concen- tio n he r o pe ra has been so bro ke
tration camp scenes. s tart led first- tha t no t so lo ng ago s tagehands
nig hters saw th eir own faces, be- raced each o th e r to the bank every
hind s upe rimposed ba rs and barbed payday o n the prac tical assump-
wire, o n la rge scn·c ns set o ns tage. tio n tha t th e firs t man 's c heck
would pro bably be good, b ut th e
las t man's might bounce a ll the
Tt, a t s hr can rac k up s uc h an way to La Scala.
imp ressive number o f " firsts"- In face o f these hand icaps, \II iss
and ge t the likes uf S u thc rla nd a nd Cald" ell rema ins g rand ly imper-
Christoff t.o go to Bos to n and si ng turbable. "' If you can sell green
o nl'· o r two-sho t pe rformances in too thpas te in th is count ry, you ca n
thf' middle o f the o peratic season- sell o pe ra," s he sa ys.
is attributable to Miss Caldwell's He r tec hn ique is simple-and
mus icians hip and to pe rs is tence back-bn•aking: be on the sid e o f
"hich passeth unde rs tand ing. Be - th e cons ume r. Th ough she is, at
s ides he r o wn stro ng persona lity 37, a s ingle woman hy opera pos-
and skills, s he has little going fo r sessed , s he admits with the candor
her. He r ope1·a o rc hestra is bor- o f he r na tive 1\'lissouri that o pera
"can be a c rashing bore." He r mis-
s io n in life is to sec tha t in Boston,
a t leas t, it ne,·cr is.
During the 12- wcc k pus h of th e
a nnua l Bostnn season sh e spends
a t leas t 18 ho urs a day e radicating
boredom. She c rouc hes in a seat
in the murk y theater, he r pudgy
hands ravaging her da rk ha i1·, her
s lig htly pOl) eyes fixed in a m es-
me ric stare at the singers rehears-
ing onstagc.
"No, no, no !'. she shouts."You
look lik(' a couple o f opera singe rs.
Yo u've gu t to look l ike lovers."
The re hearsal goes o n.
" Wh at's th e matte r with those
lights? \Vc StlY right he re tha t nigh t
is falling. It mus t fall, wt· mus t he
bel ie vable, ge t those lights d imm(:d
. . . and, gentle men backs tage,
tha t wall mus t have ho les in it.
Ho w can my escaping lover cl im b
it without a ny place for his fet'l ?"
So me thing goes amiss with the
mus ic.
"That is not the way it " as writ.
ten, gen tleme n. It goes like th is
. . . " a nd s ht· hums the s u b tle ti es
of a score that s he has comm itted
to unerring memory.
W i1h pror . he absenl-rnindc<l lr
grabbed,Sarah organize.< chorus for
The Abduction from the Seraglio.
In cases of extrem e frus tration
s he stamps ho th fpe t a nd the n
c harges, s play-footed , o ns tage to
sho" everybod y exac tly ho w s he
wants it d one.
" Lo uk," she says. " I' m gonna
be a mace bearer, that's what I'm
gonna be ... now wa tch."
Alo ng a bo ut midnight, as the
lig h ts go do " n fo r the umpteenth
re hearsa l, Sa rah Cald well leans for-
" ard in he r seat- as every thing s he
has be~n work ing for fuses togetl1er
- and s he c ho rtles, " Ho, ho, ho,
it's magic time.''
" Magic" is a wonl s he likes.
" Ope ra is C\•t>ryt hing ro lled into
OIH.· - rnus ic, th eater, the dance,
colo r ami v11ices a nd theatrical il-
lusi,>ns," s he says. "Once in a
"hile, "lu~n e\•ery Lh iog is jus t
rig ht. the re is a mome nt o f magic.
People can li ve on mome nts o f
mag ic."
He r o" n corpuleut frame be lies
any im1)1·ession that these mome n ts
arc he r o nly sou rce o f s us te nance,
but o.lu ring the season s he never
seems to ea t or leave the theate r.
She fi rmly denies the persis ten t
story that s h t> actually s leeps the re,
st re tched nu t in th e aisles like some
te mpo rarily g ro unded P hantom o f
th " Op<,>ra.
H e r pass io n for e ffect (" We
work<•d :1 6 hours o n o ne 10-minu te
lightiug seque nce fo r MCLdam.e But-
terfly." says he r lighting e ngineer)
is exceerled o nly by a passio n fo r
ac tio n o ustagc. Beve rly Sills, th e
S(op.-an" s ta r of the opera's firs t o f-
fe ring this y..ar. Mozart 's The Ab-
dlll:tion .from the Sera[!lio. n o t o nly
ha d II• master th e d emanding vocal
n• lt' b ut a lso had to cli m b do" n a
15-foot ladd<·1· in a lo ng s kirt carry-
ing a " icker birdcage (wh ile escap-
ing from th e seraglio). s ing while
being cl utdwd )('cherous ly by th e
pasha a nd maiutaiu he r eq ui libri-
um wh ile IJei ng pus hed aro und by
th e pasha's to nure rs.
E,•e n the great .loan S uth e rland,
who rigidly limits eac h day's re·
hcarsal time to s ix ho urs, was
con ned into a t least o ne 12-ho ur
day last yea r wh ile Sarah Caldwe ll
fig ured o ut a "ay fo r he r t.o go
mad con vincingly iJl I Purituni.
" The trouble was th a t s he was n ' t
s u pposed to be raving mad," Miss
Cald,.·e ll reca lls o f tha t particular
s truggle. " Ravi ng mad is quiteeasy,
really. Yo u can j us t c hew up the
scene ry or s ome thing. It's quiet
mad that' s hard."
In the l'nd, the pro ble m was
solvl'tl by having Miss S uthe rland
make ladylike passes a t a s uit of
armor whic h she, in her quie t mad -
ness, thinks is he r va n ished lover.
CONTINUED
Copynghted mater I

FaJUOUS 13 Admh~l PI&YJU&te
11
now on sale, only ~9B5 %
New ll7i!!£.~ Playmate .. . bigger picture
than 12", 30% bigger than ordinary
11-inch sets but in the same, small
cabinet size. Rugged, lightweight,
most powerful personal portable
made. 14,000 volt precision chassis,
82-channel tuner, Admiral Steel bond t
picture tube. There's nothing finer at
any price. Take two, they're small!
Ad111iral
~ IIIIA.C OJ QU A l i fY fHitOUGMOUl
80
All the instincts of a
riverboat gambler
OP ERA CONTINUEO
It worked out just fine, though the
determined impresario audi tioned
half a dozen suits of am tor before
she found one with the proper sex
appeal for the scene.
Although Boston opera l<H'ers are
growing accustomed to the non-
operalike action of Sarah Cald-
well's productions, the operas th em-
selves s till raise cyebrO\\S, Take,
fo1· example, last year's Lulu, a
frankly sexual and discordant mod-
ern morali ty "ork by Alban Be rg.
Culture-proud Boston \\'aS '' ery
pleased to be hosting the eastern
U.S. premiere of Lulu and , in fact,
equally pleased that Miss Caldwell
had snared Rudolf He inrirh to ere·
ate th e sets. But no t C\'crybody
"as prepared for its way-out music
and its sensual action. Boston is,
after all, the city in " ft ich the late
J>resident Kennedy's grandfather,
Mayor ("Honey F'itz") Fitzgerald,
once threa tened to close the o pera
house (in 1912) unless Mary Gar-
denand Vann i-Marcoux toned down
their torrid second act of To.<e11.
Lulu brought no th•·cats to close
the house, but it did drive ou t sev-
eral ladies "ho objected either to
the m usic or to th e plot. They
came back again. however, 10 hear
the li vely I Purilani, and Miss Cald·
"ell follo,ved this year's lntollcrull·
za wi th a fa irly orthorlox Tnfes of
Hoffmwlll, just to let the cus tomers
cool ofT.
What few people grasp-u ntil
they have fallen into her chaotic
orbit- is that Sarah Cald"·ell (" ho
wanders around hearing opera in
her head and often hums it. tluite
audibly, even in midconve rsation),
has all the instincts of a. riverboa t
gambler. Her money, in the un·
likel y even t she has :tny on her,
is s tuffed into the pocket of her
coal or, in instances of greal fo re·
though t, into a paper bag 1\hich
also holds her comb, lipstick, apart-
ment keys, lunch or any othe r sla·
pie req uired by the day's sched·
ulc. S he foreswore both gloves and
purses years ago, because she nev·
cr could rememhe1· the gloves long
enough lo carry them ou t of the
store in which she had bough t
them, and she had left purses in
half the restauran ts in Boston.
Yet she manages each year to get
thro ugh a tour of Europe's operatic
TH( WOit lD
capi tals with her money, passrort,
plane tickets and other such ,·exa-
tious but impol'laot impedimenta
,flapping about in her coat pockets.
Her desk drawers arc a welter of
unopened mail, coveringeveryt h ing
from unpaid parking ticke ts to un-
cashcd royalty checks (for operatic
translations, which she occasional-
ly does in he r spare time). She sold
her ca r because she got tired of
trying to remember where she had
parked it. But she has an unca nny
abil ity lo pu t her linger on the
most elusive opera scores-and
singers-anywhere in the world.
U.S. Tenor Donald Grobe, whosings
with a Berl in opera company, st ill
remembers with awe the phone call
he got from Miss Caldwell last year
while he was touring in Japan .. .
"at 2 o'clock in the morning, the
first night " e were in Tokyo." A11d
last year, "hile ho t on the trail of
th<' original Mousso rgsky score of
/Jori.< Godunou, 1\liss Caldwell
hummed and wandered her "ay
from London to Wiesbaden, Ger-
many. to East Berlin and Leipzig.
She returned to Boston not only
with th e el usive score bu t also with
contracts for a couple of singers
f,·om East Be rlin's distinguished
Komische Oper com pany, the head
.'t1llskcnbifdner (" ig and make-up
expert) from the same company, a
leading basso of Ho lland, and--oh
)'Cs- tha t ou tsized" ris twatch "ith
all the dials.
B ack when she was a lit tle tykr
in ~l aryvi lle, Mo., where she was
born, she was both a mathematical
and a musical prodigy. "ith uen•es
of steel and an inability to grasp
the wo rd "impossible." Had her
music-teaching Mama bough t her
a deck o f cards instead of a vio-
lin when s he \\ aS 4, heaven help
l as Vegas. But she got th e violin.
She was giving recitals before she
was 10. finished high school at
14, and, by 1943, had arrived in
Boston "ith a f1stfu l of musical
scholarships.
" I didn't know what I \\anted to
do or even, for sure, where I want-
ed to go," she says today. "All I
knew " as that somewhere in the
world, maybe far a\\ ay, there were
great, ~~cat people who made great
mus tc.
T hen she fell in love-with
opera. Once she had seen and
heard it at the cw England Con-
servato ry, she gave up a budding
career as a violin virtuoso and
s tudied opera. Before she was 20
she had staged so line a perform-
ance of Vaughan Williams' Rider.;
to the Sea at Tanglewood that
Serge Koussevitzky ordered her
promoted to th e faculty of the
CONTINUED
Copynghted f"latenal
 Ath·ertisem e nt
" YOU' LL NEYER SEE ME DOING THIS AGAIN,"
says Reynolds. Phocograph was caken a few
monchs bdor-e the auchor gave up smoking.
can"c very wdl operate "·ich
A SURC:EO:\:
a ri~r('tte han~in.;
\\"h.-n cou n•d .odd~
om of his mouth.
the jury, he
do.:-sn'1 stop for iln oC'Cd1ional puff. BUI it 's
c•aJ) fur o:t wriH.· r tn SITK)~t.· at hi.s typewriu..-.
In fdc' l, I'd Sd\ 1hat n:t'('SJiV<" smoking may
\H~·JI bt.' on~ of chc· l)('fuli.1rilics of the craft.
I know 1h•.ll J occnolr-.4.·d for thiny years
4 ur S I'Jo·k> a dJ~. I didn' c chink chere wa<
unl <'•") "d' to stop. l hm :«unr1hing hap·
l)('llt"d 1
~)lilt' linW" d~u I \\.J' thing to Louisville'
'' ith ,, (c.....,, fnt'nd~. \ huNt· fdllt>d Chalrau-
R... )' ''·•~ <tbu,.t w surpri\r U'li b,· walking
::m.,v 'dth thf' Dt..-ll\ In 1hr grou1> wa.'\ a
frit·nct of rnin«· "hu tluuhlt·~ 011 mv dnctor.
~\ ftl'r JiSit'nin~ to Ill(' hold funh for a f XIUt
t\H'I\1\ minute.'' ou w l 1\ C:.tndy SJK>LS was .t.
shoo in. ht· silid. ··Qm·•n. "h._tt's thr manrr
\dth \IIIII \ 'Hi ('c·?'' I •t·••titt•d then that for
somt' time.· I ho.~d l.x'1'n l!<'llin~ n'lo~ and
morr ho.ttSt· ~uld ~t~t\·dh '' I'm ~oing tu
h..t\'t' tu luuk at th..tt thrwt \\ht:n \\(" get
b ••el tu -='~w Y01 k.'' s.Jid thc· doctor.
.\ frw da'" l.crr I lward his verdict.
"'I hdl throat of is as r"d a.s a mara-
~trh ino
Slnoking for yma !'t
)UUr5
rlwrn·,'' 1w wid me·. " :\o more
I dun· $tl\' thuuJ.md1 IMvt· f.tcl'd thl' same
probkm. bu1 I .,ill ..,, il's harder for a
\\ ritrr 10 give up smuling thdn fot an)'Onc
t·l~. Fununatd\. I h.l\'t' a sccrctarv who is
not.tbh rt'SOttn:;ful. Slu: had htd rd .about a
Hulc:- \~hitc pill t·o.~llt•d U~mtrun which ha.t
hdtwd pcopk dll owr chc h orld to stop
smokin~. Shr gut uw ..t hux. And in just 5
day~. t.tldn~ mw of tht'S<' liule pills aft('r
t'\'t'f)' nw;,l, I R·•vt· up ~moking r ntirr ly.
I had abs<>luct"l'" nn wichdra"al panJ!s.
Stuppin~ wa~ l'._,~it·r 1hnn I rvt·r t;'IC~Ird.
ll.tm ron didn't .•&lfl'll 111~ l..tSte in any way.
h didn"• even m,tlt• 1ne d"like smoking. It
ju.s1 n•mo\·ed tht."" t ' f.t\ in\; I \\..d so imprcued
tlt.n I lx-c..1.mc ~l \...ind uCcruQdcr. I wanted
t'\t'T\budy whu nt"t.'dt·d IU sto1> s rnokint:t 10
11C'o.~r about H..tntron. I madt• some inquirirs
and fuund riMt il h~td ;ut int<"rcsting, t_•vcn
d • ~mMtil'. badq:~ruund.
»~.\,-1 MO' I OK\1\ I A \\'3.J discovered
T b) docton; in che rrscMch
Ill
or ,, great .\ nwric.m
deparun~nt
univcrsil~·- h s aclivc
im;tt--dil'nt is loi.Jidint' w lphate. Lo~line
)Uiph.ttc· i.s rxlr,t('tcd (rumth<' Lobelia plant,
~)mNimf'S callt'<i I ndio.~n T o bacco. H un·
drcd.J of n·ars a~u alu.· Indians. whe n the)·
could n'a ·g,·t wb.trcu, u~d to smoke the
lcavt-s and p rr tl). IJluc tlo wc·rs o f ahi.s p lant
82
It's hard for
a writer to
GIVE UP
SMOKING
Here's how I cut
from 4 packs
to 0 in 5 days
by QUENTIN REYNOLDS
as a sub.uilutc. The rxt ract is a first cousin
to nicotine, mimicking its a ction wichout
being habic forming. The lobclin< acu by
d isplacing 1he nicotine in lht' systrm and
helps curb the desire for cobacco.
So Slarcling w~rr chc lil'11 r.-sultJ obcainrd
with this little pill chac furchcr inv~stigacion
wns carried on. For tnontlu tht· rc~arcll
ceam car<fully crsccd ic on hundred. of
proplc. The roult~ shm,cd time H3°'t!-morc
chan 4 oul of 5 of all p<"Oplr "ho wanted "'
stop smoking-did .a caJil\ and pk..santl)"
in five to SC'Vt"n days with its h('l1) Evt'n
chOI<' who didn'c scop complecrlr had dras-
licall)• cut down.
Bu1 suppose you didn't \\"HIH 10 stOJl
smoking and madr nu rrrun IU do so? What
would happen if you cook che pills? Wdl. I
rC"nd the answer in a lc~tdinq: mt.• dicdl
journal. Most pcopl< "ho cook Bantron
automaticaHr smok~ Ins \\hetht·r tht"'
wanted to or- not. The,· did not smukr (c\\*t=t
cigarrucs. but chcr ;rnukrd ll-ss oC caclo
cigarrue 1hrr lie.
or
II~ OISCXlVERY thr Bdntron fo rmula
T was rt"I>Oned in
all over
nt'WSJ>apcrs
uwdical journals and
thr wodd. It was
granccd a patent by cht· Uniced Slalt"'
Govern m en t . P coplr rvt"r)• wh~rt· whu
d csi red to stop smoking n .1ntcd to kno\\'
how chey could get this pill. The Gampan•
Corporation or Bata\lid. lllino~ was chosrn
to market it. Bant ron is n O\\' being sold in
o ver 14 countrit'5.
J\ty own cxperi<"nC'c wilh Bantron had an
interesting aftcrm~uh. A t tht· time-. I wa.lli
doing 1hc comme ntary on a nt'w scrit.-s o f
lilms abouc World War II chac wrn· being
producrd in Hollywood. I had alread~· done
a number of chac. Afcer Bancron had
helped ~ stop smoking, I "cnt back to
llollywood to finish thr sc:rics. But alas-
1 had a new voicr. When che produe.r
heard it, h<" lhrcw up his hands. It wasn' t
like rnr old voicr at all. It ''as so much
dcarc·r a nd bcttrr. Till' d ifft'l'l'nc:c was so
striking that in 1hc· up~hut 1hcr ha d 10 dn
chc whole of chr fil'1t part of chc series over.
lkcausc of what it did for me. I am a firm
believer in Bantron. If )UU h.ow a smoking
t>roblem, try this ama>-ing little pill. It
really works! Bantron• is so safr \\ he n takrn
United Stat<S and
Canada al all drug
IanI ron
as d irected, th a t you ran gl't it in chc
s t ores wilhout a llANO •
prt•scription. Smol.ing Dtltrrent Tablets
She lost her sltirt on
•
a sell-out series
OPERA CONTINUED
Tanglcwood o pe ra d c partmcut.
She s tudied w1de r magnetic Maes-
tro Boris Goldo vs k y and from
the re it was o nl y a s tep to Bos-
to n Univers ity's opera de parlmenl
and lo lhe dream of a new Bos-
ton opera compan y to replace the
fam ous old o ne "•hich had diN!
with World War I. .
He r firs t effort to ful fill th e
dream aborted out of s heer s uc-
cess. S he and a few interestro
Bostonians founded the Bos to n
Opera Gro up in 1957. "ith 85,000
and big ideas. Their pape r organi-
zatio n was as ked by th e Boston
Arts Festival to put o n a prod uc-
tion for the 1958 fcsl i••al. Can-
nily- it was within a year of tht•
firs t S putnik- Sa rah chose OfT(•n-
bac h 's l 'oyflf!e to tile M oott aud
managed to cast and pre--ent it
"ith o nly th ree " ceks' rehcar,..al
time. Tile Cllri.q iwt Sciert<'t' lllltt·
itor called lhc result '"a ma~tl'r·
piece of whimsey," und tlw crcn1d
gave it a s tanding oval ion.
" \VI' fc lt a ~ ir " ~' hatl lwl' n
knighted." \li:.s Cald" ell m·all~.
"~ c \\l'CC in vi tl'd tn lal..l' it em a
coa~l-to-coast to ur. and "~' olid.
\ I' lost 520.000."'
Thl' Boston Otwra Group·~ ftr.t
official " s t'ason" in 19:>9 \\ a,;
<·qually disastrous. The fir.l o iT<·r.
iug \\OS Puccini"• rclia ull' Ltt /Jo-
lteme. aud Sarah and a !.and ..r
1o luuteers " e nt o ut and "old 8.-
000 mem!Jer;hip> lo he r gruu p
for 10 apiece. Thl' h it ch \\US that
the thealc r th l'y tlw n usl'd had
onl) 500 sea ts, so they •• erl' ho n-
or-lJound to p•·<'•cnt tlw up<'r<t .l6
times to accom modalr a ll 8,000
mc mbcrs. For all l\1iss Cald\\ e ll"s
c hildhood command of highl'r
ma thematics. theri' "as no gett ing
around the sim ple ari thnwlic nf
this situatio n : 580,000 "ill UU)
16 perfo rmanccs o f hard!) an>-
thing thcsl' days, ond certa inly
no t g rand npera. Vcr) s ho rt l} the
Opera Croup "·as broke again.
It was during this period that
the legend of i\liss Cald" ell's aisle-
s leeping prol.auly gol its s tart.
' omcbody had pill'<~ a heap of
hlnrl vt>ln11r c urtain male rial in
o n!' of tlw two ais h•s o f thl' ~mall
thcatrr while 1\0iting fnr s tagt:·
ha nds to clear away a cluttl'r of
"ire,; and scls. Sarah, exhaus ted
fro m day-and-night haulcs againsl
lime and the man " ith I hi' mort-
gage, la) do"n in the empt) ai~le
to catch a nap. Onc hard-'"'rking
assis tant , dis pal<'hi'd fro m th e
fronl olfocc LO\\ard hal·l..slage to
pic k ur II piece of equipment,
das hed do " u lhc aisle. mis took
,\ 'liss Caldwell", prostrate form fo r
lhe heap of ,-d our c u rtain, a nd
mad e a gail~ abando ned leap high
into the air a nd righ t o nto he r.
Hl'r s pcrilic reaction i no l a mat-
ter o r rl'cord though il \\as heard
fo r SCH•ral bloc ks in the area.
A rter 1959's unprofitable mul-
tiple pl'rformances o r /Jollemr,
lhe Opc·rn Gro up limited itself fo r
1hc ne 'l li• e )Car; lo o ne s ub-
scription performance per produc-
tion . T hi>< winter, ho " e' cr, for
thl' li l"i'l timc it feels so confidl'nl
tha i !'al'h ,,r
the year's fi, l' OJ>crn~
is gi1t'n t"ic·e. ln lhe larger lhca-
le r 1lw lllO\ l' mal es e mine nt fiscal
sen~e. ~im·c it doubles the 00'-·
offit·e 1a l..r, and i1 al:;o helps make
pcal'l' "ith tlw Firl' Dc parlmenl.
In tht• nl.l onr-pcrfurmanC'c-on l~·
da1- tlu· lwu•o· "II• al rnool icwnri-
ahi , >t>hl uul and :-arnh nocd 10
~n~ul.. l•ut tho· fro nt door a nd lrt
iu a ll tho· di-appoint<-d o landt'~
"ho ..nu l<ln 't g<'t li t· l.. r ts, then
~lllU!(!!lt• l l~t·cu intu till' hall to
~laud . "' unuhtru-iH·I ~ 8• po-'li-
hll". in <"torcwr,.
~h1· cli, lol.tl " a oirnilud) "a•a-
lit•r alli twl r ltt\\ ard m ·ad• all rule,,
"hrtlwr urJi,tio· or liua11~·ial. Aft <' r
la>l ~t·.cr"" tc·i umphan l I Purituni.
~h<' \\U• un·u-tt.'tl .11 a !'11ampagne
r<·lc·hrat io•n It~ loe r a larml'd hu•i-
munag.t•r.
UC':o-...
'" \\ hal . .. ho· a~l..ro halr fu ll),
,.1\NI' thu•<' ,lam·N• doing O II·
!-IU!,!l" ICtllight"('
" IJu11 o·<'r> "( " t·u ulllt'l"f'ol S arah ,
flm,hillg lU' r in noct·n t-child sm ile.
' Tho"(" "l'rrn· l dancers, th e) \\-ere
""' n>pt'liJil!'. It ~aid •u 0 11 the
program:· \nd so it had, tho ug h
tlu· " to" nsp('()plc" "ere clear!)
dann·r• l"rum one of the local
tlam·i110 , dcool •. Th ere is a s harJJ
"ug•·-;.t·a lr di s tin ction bc t\\ een
dum·N• and IO\\ nspeo plc, and
Sarah had adroill~ s kirted it b)
li-ting them as tmmspeople and
; \\l'et-lall..ing the da11cing school
intu ~uiug a lo ng '' ith her.
r. lurl' and more people in Bos-
to n nncl l'lsc" here are eage r to
open duor~ for he r. Having clea rl)
tak•·n ito a n i. lit: place amo ng Ame r-
ican op.-rutil· g ro ups, The Bos lo n
OtJNa io 11101 ing IO\\ ard so lid fiScal
grnund. T hi, mo •e ha~ been led
b) tlw gro up's p resident, Edward
Brook<'. \las,a!"hu.cll ' egro at-
to rnl'} ll"" "ral, "hom Sarah oc-
l"a>ittnnll} embarrasses al afte r-
CONTINUED
 Fetching up a new
generation of fans
OPERA CONTINUED
opera parties by ca mpaign ing for
" Brooke for President" - o f the
U.S., that is. Also struggling to
make the company tum a profit is
this year's production dirt'ctor.
Laszlo Bonis, a Hungarian-born
indus trialis t. Thei r good fiscal in-
tentio ns are helped by suppo rt
from such diverse so urces us p.-oper
Bostonian John Godfrey Lo\\ell
Cabot, the head of a local brewery,
a .-ace track owner who once ran
an " Opera Cup" race as a hcnefit,
tUJd a band of dedi cated volun-
teers "·ho do the arm-twisting in
what Sarah calls " the tin cup op-
eration" of fund raising. With an
eye to fetching up a whole new
generation of opera lovers, th e
company opens dress rehearsals to
the children of opera subscribers
and to delegations from th e public
schools. Tn th e manner of a Tom
Sawyer consenting to let the other
kids paint his fence, Sarah each
ycaJ· bestows th e privilege of per-
Novv vvhere's the ntan
who sold you the insurance?
forming us pages and attendants in
her productions on a dozen or so
lucky youngsters- and she hopes
that once they hav!' been exposed
to the music th ey will be hooked
for life.
Recently Miss Caldwe ll s tomped
into the hall for a final rehearsal
of a demanding opera. She hadn ' t
ea ten all day-except for snacks
of 1wo hamburgers, four cups of
colfee, two boxes of throat lozenges
and a banana which somebody had
incau tiously left on her desk. On
this night the lighting system had
gone nully, the hard-pressed cho-
rus men nod women '~ere cross
and tired, the sets kept ge lling
fouled in t heir ropes. S udden ly,
into Sarah's line of vision wan-
dered a scrawny lillie gi rl with a
T-shirt, blue slacks, grimy hands
and a determined look. She plant-
ed herself smack in front of Sarah
ami demanded, " Do you kno" why
I'm here?"
" I couldn' t possibly guess," ar-
ah rasped.
With the opera prcsidenl, i\lus-
" Because my sillerdidn ' t come." sachu setts' Attorney General UJ.
" Oh, too bad," said Sarah ami- ward Brooke. ~I iss Caldwell shares
ably. " Is your siller singing to- congrntulations on open in~ ni~h t .
night?"
"No, but my mommy is."
Mommy, who had been ''alian tly through her r uin ed hair and hum-
trying to carry on with the rehears- ming to herself. Wit h in a half hour
al, blew a note but kept singing. th e transported child was hel ping
Sarah bundled the child into her to conduct. Soon she had ~'"""
lap and went right on alternate- learned to say, " Ho, ho, ho, it's
ly conducting, raking her fingers magic time."
If he's an independent agent representing several strong in-
surance companies, he's probllbly at your side immedkltely
when you have a loss.
An impartial research organization confirmed this re-
cently. At the same time, their survey showed that salesmen
who work for only one company trail by a wide percentage
in offering the same kind of help. They can·t of!:cr you a
choice of insurance companies, and their service usually ends
when they have sold you the policy their company offers.
So, calling an independent agent makes good sense when
you buy automobile insurance. He'll be there. on your side,
helping in a dozen ways if you do have a n accident.
Maybe you ought to find out right now if yo ur insurance
agent is qualified to display this seal.
85
Copyngn ea ma1enal