The Interstate System
 Nation vs. State
State refers to a country and its
government
1. Population (citizens)
2. Territory (terrestrial, fluvial, aerial)
3. Government
4. Sovereignty (Internal and External)
According to Justice Sutherland
“Rulers come and go; governments
end and forms of government
change; but still sovereignty
SURVIVES.
West Philippine Sea issue
Nation
Nation is cultural identity
State cannot occur without nation
Nations often limit themselves to
people who have imbibed a particular
culture, speak a common language
and live in a specific territory
The nation of Scotland- has its own flag and
national culture but still belongs to a state
called United Kingdom
Arab-nation
Bangsamoro is a separate nation existing
within state
The nation of Korea is divided into North
and South Korea
Benedict Anderson’s
“Imagined community
Not mean that the nation is made-up
Nation allows one to feel the connection of
community
Cheer Filipino athlete in Olympics
Nation-state
Composed of two non-interchangeable
terms
Not all states are nations and not all nations
are states
The Interstate System
Treaty of Westphalia
Was signed to end the Thirty Years’
War
Started from 1618 to 1648
Brutal religious war between
Catholics and Protestants
The treaty signers (Spain, France,
Sweden, Dutch Republic, Holy
Roman Empire) agreed to exercise
complete control over their domestic
affairs and swear not to meddle in
each other’s affairs
Westphalian system provided
stability for the nations of Europe
until Napoleon Bonaparte challenged
it
Bonaparte challenged the power of
the kings, nobility and religion in
Europe
Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1803-
1815 with Bonaparte and his armies
marching all over much of Europe
Bonaparte and his men implemented
Napoleonic Code which forbade birth
privileges, encouraged freedom or
religion and promoted meritocracy in
government service
The system shocked the monarchies
and hereditary elites of Europe and
they mustered their armies against
Bonaparte
In 1815, Bonaparte was defeated by
Anglo and Prussian armies in the
Battle of Waterloo
In order to prevent another war and
to keep the royal powers' system of
privileges, they created new system
that restored the Westphalian system
The Concert of Europe (1815-1914)
Klemens von Metternich (Metternich
system)
Alliance of great powers (UK, Austria,
Russia and Prussia)
Restore the world of monarchical,
hereditary and religious privileges
Alliance that sought to restore the
sovereignty of states
An International Civilization?
Empire, Internationalism and the
Crisis of the Mid-twentieth Century
Mark Mazower
What do we mean by civilized?
 Europians vs Barbarians
 Mesopotamia
 Egyptian
James Lorimer’s 3 stages of
Humanity
1.Civilized- plenary political (Europe)
2.Barbaric- Partial political
 gradually goes to civilized
3.Savage- natural or mere human
(sub-Saharan Africa
 Main Europe’s land-
grab
Rrobert Dahl’s Definition
 Power Capacity
 Material Capacity:
integration of economy,
military
 Basically the height of
EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM
Europe as the standard of civilization
 Victorian International law divided
the World according to its standard
of civilization
 Inside Europe
 Countries colonized
by Europe
 Problem: International law apply
only to Christian States
Could we universalized civilization?going
back to the idea of WERPA and LODI
Do wars produced only negative effects?

 League of Nations was

established which is a
transition to the United
Nations
Why do we need to study the world?
“....world affairs have been transformed in
recent decades by the growth of global
interconnectedness and interdependence.
In this view, the world no longer operates
as a disaggregated collection of states, or
‘units’, but rather as an integrated whole,
as ‘one world’ (Heywood, 2011)
Heywood, Andrew. Global Politics. Palgrave
Macmillan. 2011
Defining Globalization
‘[T]he intensification of worldwide social
relations that link distant localities in a
way that local happenings are shaped by
events occurring many miles away and vice
versa’ (Giddens 1990)
‘the widening, intensifying, speeding up,
and growing impact of world-wide
interconnectedness’ (Held and McGrew
1999
Globalization is the emergence of a
complex web of interconnectedness that
means that our lives are increasingly
shaped by events that occur, and decisions
that are made, at a great distance from us
(Heywood, 2011)
“…globalization means the on set of the
borderless world…” (Ohmae, 1992)
“Globalization is what we in the Third
World have for several centuries called
colonization (Khor, 1995)
“The expansion and intensification of
social relations and consciousness across
world-time and across world-space”
(Manfred Steger)
 Expansion refers to both the
creation of new social networks
and the multiplication of existing
connections that cut across
traditional political, economic,
cultural, and geographic boundaries
 Intensification refers to the
expansion, stretching, and
acceleration of these networks
Flows
 Flows are the movement of people,
things, places, and information
brought by the growing “porosity”
of global limitations (Ritzer, 2015)
 Foods
 Economic/Financial crisis
 Illegal migrants
 Legal/illegal information
(Pornography, blogs)
Globalization through Various Lenses
 Multiple Globalizations
 Arjun Appadurai’s various “scapes”
A. “Ethnoscape” (global movement of
people)
B. “Mediascape” (Flow of Culture)
C. “Technoscape” (Circulation of
mechanical goods and software)
D. “Financescape” (global circulation
of money)
E. “Ideoscape”(Political ideas move
around)