Norma ANSI+AGMA+6000-B96+ (R2002)

ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88

Reaffirmed January 2010
American National Standard
Specification for Measurement

of Linear Vibration on Gear
Units
ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Licensed to Juan Carlos Garcia. ANSI order X_260566. Downloaded 2/3/2012 11:53 AM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.
Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units
American ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
National [Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88]
Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require-
ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the
standards developer.
Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,
substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.
Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una-
nimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a
concerted effort be made toward their resolution.
The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not
in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from
manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not
conforming to the standards.
The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no
circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National
Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre-
tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers
Association.
CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,
revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA
Technical Publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from the
Association on the subject matter.
[Tables or other self--supporting sections may be quoted or extracted. Credit lines should
read: Extracted from ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear
Vibration on Gear Units, with the permission of the publisher, the American Gear
Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314.]
Approved September 6, 1996
ABSTRACT
This standard presents a method for the measurement of linear vibrations on a gear unit. Instrumentation, mea-
suring methods, test procedures and discrete frequency vibration limits are recommended for acceptance
testing. An annex which lists system effects on gear unit vibration and responsibility is also provided.
Published by
American Gear Manufacturers Association

1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314
Copyright  1996 by American Gear Manufacturers Association

All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic

retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 1--55589--666--9
ii
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96
Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5 Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6 Vibration measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7 Test conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8 Acceptable levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9 Measurement report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Tables
1 Applicable vibration instrumentation standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Preferable units for vibration measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figures
1 Displacement limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Velocity limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Acceleration limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Annexes
A Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms . . . . 9

B System effects and responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
C ISO vibration rating curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
D Metric to non--metric conversion of vibration measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
E Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
iii
ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Foreword
[The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for
informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA Standard
6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units.]
ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88 included and superseded the information previously published in
AGMA 426.01 (1972), Specification for Measurement of Lateral Vibration on High Speed
Helical and Herringbone Gear Units.
Performance of driven equipment is dependent upon the individual characteristics of the
prime mover, gear unit, driven machine and support structure, as well as their combined
effects as a system. The proper assessment of performance characteristics is essential for
realistic evaluation. The knowledge and judgment required to properly evaluate the gear
unit vibration comes primarily from years of accumulated experience in designing,
manufacturing, and operating gear units. For these reasons, the use of this standard and
the evaluation of test results for specific gear product applications should only be attempted
by experienced personnel.
The complexity of gear vibration phenomena makes most vibration standards difficult to
apply or to properly interpret. The AGMA Acoustical Technology Committee developed the
Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units to provide a common basis
for communication between project engineers, gear manufacturers, and users. The
purpose was, also, to encourage the maximum practical degree of uniformity and
consistency among vibration measurement practices within the gear industry.
Because of the wide variation of gear driven systems and structural supports, ANSI/AGMA
6000--A88 identified certain areas where special considerations might be necessary and
must be agreed upon between purchaser and gear manufacturer when discussing gear
vibrations.
ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88 was approved as a standard by the AGMA membership in May
1988 and approved as an American National Standard on June 16, 1988.
ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 is a revision of ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88. The revision includes
clarification of application of the standard, changes to annex A, and the addition of a new
annex C, from ISO 8579--2.
ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96 was approved as a standard by the AGMA membership in June
1996, and approved as an American National Standard on September 6, 1996.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria,
Virginia 22314.
iv
PERSONNEL of the AGMA Acoustical Technology Committee
Chairman: E. Wudi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cummins Engine Co.

Vice Chairman: R.A. Schunck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Falk Corporation
ACTIVE MEMBERS
J.B. Amendola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAAG Gear Company, Ltd.

D.D. Behlke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Twin Disc, Inc.
C. Bowes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Motors Corporation
G. Matson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caterpillar, Inc.
J.L. Radovich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Davis--Standard
ASSOCIATE MEMBERS
D.L. Borden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gear Research Institute

D. Cressman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Philadelphia Mixers Corp.
M.F. Dalton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Electric Company
P.R. Dickson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bay City Iron Works, Inc.
J.M. Franchuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WesTech Gear Corporation
D.R. Houser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University
T. Kennan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emerson Power Trans. Corp.
A.J. Lemanski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penn State University
L. Lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lufkin Industries, Inc.
W. Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penn State University
D.A. McCarroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Gleason Works
W. Nageli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAAG Gear Company, Ltd.
M.W. Neesley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WesTech Gear Corporation
J.R. Partridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . euro Lufkin bv
R.L. Platt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Motors Corporation
D.C. Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Otis Elevator
J. Simonelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emerson Power Transmission
N. Sonti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penn State University
F.A. Thoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F.A. Thoma, Inc.
D. Thurman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caterpillar, Inc.
K. Umezawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japan Gear Manufacturing Co.
M. Voight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Motors Corporation
This page is intentionally left blank.
vi
American National Standard -- Five annexes are for reference only and are not a
part of this standard.
Annex A illustrates the relationship between
Specification for vibratory displacement, velocity and acceleration
waveforms.
Measurement of Linear
Annex B discusses systems effects and responsibility.
Vibration on Gear Units Annex C presents five classes of gear unit vibration
rating and a subjective procedure for selecting the
proper rating based on the application and
transmitted power.
1 Scope Annex D gives the conversion of metric, SI units to
non--metric (inch) units.
This standard presents a method for measuring Annex E contains a bibliography.
steady state filtered linear vibrations of a gear unit.
Types of instrumentation, measurement methods,
and testing procedures for the determination of
2 References
linear vibration levels for specific types of gear units
are provided. Vibration limits at discrete frequencies
are recommended for acceptance testing. It is not The following standards contain provisions which,
the intent of this standard to provide unfiltered limits. through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this American National Standard. At the time of
The recommended limits and conditions specified
publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
herein are intended as the vibration criteria for
standards are subject to revision, and parties to
performance of the gear drive during the equipment
agreements based on this American National
manufacturer’s test when specifically agreed to by
Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibil-
the manufacturer and purchaser.
ity of applying the most recent editions of the
This standard is specifically applicable to enclosed standards indicated below.
speed reducing or increasing gear drive units
ANSI--S2.2--1959 (R1990), Methods for the
designed, rated, and lubricated in accordance with
Calibration of Shock and Vibration Pickups
ANSI/AGMA product standards as indicated in 4.3.
ANSI--S2.4--1976 (R1990), Methods for Specifying
This standard does not apply to integrated systems, the Characteristics of Auxiliary Analog Equipment
shaft--mounted units, special or auxiliary drive trains for Shock and Vibration Measurements
or power take--off gears. Vibration amplitudes
exceeding the recommendations of this specifica- ANSI--S2.10--1971 (R1990), Method for Analysis
tion for drives with flexible housings or on flexible and Presentation of Shock and Vibration Data
supports may also be allowable if accounted for in ANSI--Z24.21--1954 (R1989), Specifying the Char-
the design. Acceptable limits for this type of acteristics of Pickups for Shock and Vibration
equipment should be independently specified. Measurements
However, if negotiated, this standard may be applied
to such equipment. ISO 1925:1990, Mechanical vibration -- Balancing --
Vocabulary
Torsional and transient vibrations of a geared system
are not included in this standard. ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock -- Vocabulary
NOTE: Compliance with this standard does not ISO 2954:1975, Mechanical vibration of rotating
constitute a warranty of the measured gear unit’s and reciprocating machinery -- Requirements for
performance under installed field service conditions. instruments for measuring vibration severity
3 Definitions peak--to--peak value (of an oscillating quantity):

The algebraic difference between the extreme
values of the quantity (ISO 2041 -- 2.037).
The following definitions are provided to identify
specific terms and phrases used in this standard. resonance: Resonance of a system in forced
The terms used, wherever noted, conform with ISO oscillation exists when any change, however small,
1925, Balancing vocabulary, ISO 2041, Vibration in the frequency of excitation causes a decrease in
and shock -- Vocabulary or ANSI S1.1, Acoustical the response of the system (ISO 2041 -- 2.074).
Terminology (Including Mechanical Shock and transducer: A device designed to receive energy
Vibration).
from one system and supply energy, of either the
acceleration: A vector that specifies the time same or of a different kind, to another system in such
derivative of velocity (ISO 2041 -- 1.03). a manner that the desired characteristics of the input
energy appears at the output (ISO 2041 -- 4.01).
accelerometer: A transducer which converts an
input acceleration to an output that is proportional to velocity: A vector that specifies the time derivative
the input acceleration (see definition of transducer). of displacement (ISO 2041 -- 1.02).
bearing block: The structural component which vibration: The variation with time of the magnitude
supports the bearing. It may be part of the housing of a quantity which is descriptive of the motion or
casing or supported inside the oil--retaining casing. position of a mechanical system, when the magni-
tude is alternately greater and smaller than some
bearing journal: That part of a rotor (shaft) which is
average value or reference (ISO 2041 -- 2.001).
in contact with or supported by a bearing in which it
revolves (ISO 1925 -- 2.4).
displacement: A vector quantity that specifies the
change of position of a body, or particle, with respect 4 Application
to a reference frame (ISO 2041 -- 1.01).
discrete frequency: A single frequency of vibration 4.1 Unit type limitations

that is generated by a gear unit component. This standard applies only to power transmission
filter: A device for separating oscillations on a basis gear units, comprised of a gear train and the
of their frequency. It introduces relatively small necessary bearings and shafts in an individual
housing. The gear unit should be tested in a manner
attenuation to wave oscillations in one or more
to minimize system effects such as listed in annex B.
frequency bands, and relatively large attenuation to
wave oscillations of other frequencies (ISO 2041 -- Acceptable limits for tests of geared equipment
B14). outside the scope of this standard should be
independently specified. However, if negotiated,
frequency: The reciprocal of the fundamental this standard or others may be applied to such
period (time rate of repetition of a periodic equipment.
phenomenon).
4.2 System considerations
NOTE: The unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz), which
corresponds to one cycle per second (ISO 2041 -- Vibration levels of the gear unit in field service may
2.023). be adversely affected by factors not under the
linear vibration: A vibration in which the locus of a control of the gear manufacturer, as listed in annex
B. Therefore, gear manufacturers cannot be held
vibrating point is a straight line (ISO 2041 -- 2.046).
responsible for higher vibration levels resulting from
non--contact probe: A non--contacting transducer environmental and system influences in field
which converts an input distance or displacement installation.
into an electrical output that is proportional to the CAUTION: System effects should be analyzed during
input distance or displacement. the initial design stage of a transmission system. The
responsibility for this analysis must be clearly defined
peak value: The maximum value of a quantity during this stage. All system component manufactur-
(acceleration, velocity, displacement) during a given ers should be made aware of this decision on
interval (ISO 2041 -- 2.036). responsibility.
4.3 Applicable designs CAUTION: The instrumentation may indicate an erro-

neous vibration level due to its response limitations,
This standard applies to gear units designed transducer mounting resonance, and electrical or mag-
generally in accordance with the following netic fields.
standards:
5.2 Transducers
ANSI/AGMA 6010--E88, Standard for Spur, Helical,
Herringbone, and Bevel Enclosed Drives. The type of transducer for vibration measurement
must be suitable for the method of measurement,
ANSI/AGMA 6011--G92, Specification for High
and it must be used within its calibrated limits.
Speed Helical Gear Units.
Transducer calibration must be valid for the method
ANSI/AGMA 6017--E86 (R1994), Rating and Ap- of mounting used.
plication of Single and Multiple Reduction, Double--
Enveloping Worm and Helical Worm Speed 5.2.1 Housing transducers
Reducers.
The recommended type of transducer for the
ANSI/AGMA 6019--E89 (R1994), Standard for measurement of housing vibration is a contact type,
Gearmotors Using Spur, Helical, Herringbone, to be used in conformance with the manufacturer’s
Straight Bevel and Spiral Bevel Gears. recommendations. The mounting method may
ANSI/AGMA 6034--B94, Practice for Enclosed affect the frequency response of the transducer. The
Cylindrical Wormgear Speed Reducers and recommended mounting is with a screw, stud, clamp
Gearmotors. or bonding material. However, magnetic mounting is
acceptable up to approximately 3000 Hz for light
weight accelerometers, providing the magnet is
suitable for the acceleration level. Handheld contact
5 Instrumentation
measurements may be acceptable to about 500 Hz
5.1 Type depending on the transducer and the individual’s
ability to track the motion.
Vibration shall be measured with any transducer and
instrument that has a known accuracy and linear 5.2.2 Shaft transducers
output proportional to acceleration, velocity, or
displacement across a known frequency range. The All transducers are acceptable provided that the
type and use of vibration instrumentation systems manufacturer’s limits are not exceeded. The recom-
should conform to the applicable sections of the mended type of transducer for the measurement of
standards listed in table 1. An instrument capable of shaft vibration is a non--contact probe which mea-
frequency analysis is necessary; its filter must be sures the relative vibration between the shaft and the
capable of differentiating between the various exist- bearing housing. Depending upon instrumentation,
ing discrete frequencies. The instrument frequency a non--contacting probe may be used up to frequen-
range shall be capable of measuring the lowest shaft cies of 10 000 Hz. Typical use of contacting probes is
rotational speed, and should be able to indicate at limited to a frequency range of 10--120 Hz and a
least three times the highest tooth mesh frequency. surface rubbing velocity of less than 30.5 m/s.
Table 1 -- Applicable vibration instrumentation standards
Number Title
ANSI--S2.2 Methods for the Calibration of Shock and Vibration Pickups
ANSI--S2.4 Methods for Specifying the Characteristics of Auxiliary Analog Equipment for Shock and
Vibration Measurements
ANSI--S2.10 Method for Analysis and Presentation of Shock and Vibration Data
ANSI--Z24.21 Method for Specifying the Characteristics of Pickups for Shock and Vibration Measurements
ISO 2954 Mechanical Vibration of Rotating and Reciprocating Machinery -- Requirements for
Instruments for Measuring Vibration Severity
5.3 Permissible error be attached to a rigid housing section. Shaft

vibration shall be measured in a plane perpendicular
The measuring instrumentation system shall be
to the rotational axis, preferably on two axes at right
capable of indicating vibration level within a permis-
angles. Preferably, the mechanical and electrical
sible error of 10 percent of reading over the entire
runout should not exceed 25 percent of the allowable
operating temperature and frequency range.
vibration displacement rating, or 6 mm whichever is
5.4 Calibration the greater. Probe location should not be at keyway,
The vibration readout instrumentation should be splines or other shaft discontinuities. Shaft mechani-
checked in accordance with the manufacturers cal and electrical runout at the probe locations (if
recommendations. If any adjustments are required, known) may be vectorially subtracted from the
they shall be made immediately before, and re- vibration readings to arrive at the actual vibration
checked immediately after, each series of gear unit levels, provided the vector and phase relationships
vibration measurements. are maintained between the runout and the vibration
measurement. The maximum mechanical and
These checks shall be augmented by more detailed electrical runout under the probe that can be
calibrations of the complete measuring instrumenta- subtracted shall not exceed that of the shaft bearing
tion system. These should be carried out at least journal runout or 25 mm total indicator reading
once every year. The instrument calibration should (T.I.R.), whichever is the smallest. Axial shaft
be made in accordance with manufacturer’s recom- vibration may also be measured.
mendations or applicable sections in the standards
listed in table 1. 6.3 Units of measurement
The preferable units of measurement are listed in

table 2.
6 Vibration measurement
6.4 Measurement data
6.1 Housing measurement
Major vibration levels at discrete frequencies shall
Housing vibration shall be measured on a rigid be recorded. Fluctuating analog meter readings
housing section such as a bearing block. Measure- shall be recorded as a subjective average. The
ments shall not be taken on relatively flexible sample rate for digital instrumentation shall be
housing sections such as covers or sidewalls. See adequate for the frequency measured. Specific
annex B for other considerations. Measurements operating, instrumentation, and gear unit data shall
shall be taken in three orthogonal directions, one be recorded (see clause 9).
axial and two which lie in a plane perpendicular to the
rotating axis of the gears, preferably horizontal and
vertical. It is recommended that measurements be
taken at each externally accessible bearing location
on a gear unit. If a bearing block is inaccessible, the 7 Test conditions
nearest mounting point may be used.
6.2 Shaft measurement
The vibration test for a gear unit should be performed
Shaft vibration probes shall be located as near to the in the manufacturer’s shop unless otherwise
bearing as possible and non--contact probes should negotiated with the purchaser.
Table 2 -- Preferable units for vibration measurements
Item SI units
Acceleration g--P (g’s peak) (1 g = 9800 millimeters per second squared)
Velocity mm/s (millimeters per second, peak)
Displacement mm (micrometers, peak--to--peak)
Frequency Hz (hertz) (1 hertz = 1 cycle per second)
7.1 Test system arrangement and acceleration are given in figures 1 through 3.
Each of these characteristics is plotted against
The test transmission system (driver, gear units, and
frequency. It is, therefore, important to note only
load) should preferably be connected by means of
filtered measurements may be used in entering
the final intended components, if available. If this is
these figures. Furthermore, several components of
not possible, the pulley or half of the service coupling
vibration at different frequencies may acceptably
of an equivalent mass and axial center of gravity
exist at the same time, each at the allowable limit for
should be mounted on the gear unit’s shafts. If
that frequency, as determined from the curves. It is
necessary, other methods of connecting the
necessary to use equipment capable of frequency
components may be substituted.
analysis for this purpose. Care should be taken to
The various components of the test arrangement assure that this equipment can resolve the vibration
shall be rigidly mounted and properly aligned, and in into individual component frequencies so that a
their normal operating attitude, unless otherwise legitimate comparison can be made with the figures.
negotiated.
At present, experience suggests two classes of
7.2 Test conditions of the gear unit vibration levels are adequate to cover most applica-
For the purposes of vibration measurement tests in tions. These classes are defined below. A separate
accordance with this standard, the following curve for each of the two classes is shown in figures
conditions will apply: 1 through 3.
-- A gear unit intended for service at fixed 8.1.1 Class A
constant speed shall be tested at that design
speed unless otherwise agreed upon between Less than or equal to 25.4 m/s pitch line velocity.
gear manufacturer and purchaser;
The recommended limits of Class A apply to all
-- The test speeds for a gear unit intended for
applications in this speed range except those special
service over a range of operating speeds shall
cases covered by contract negotiations.
span that range of operating speeds, unless
otherwise agreed upon between the 8.1.2 Class B
manufacturer and the purchaser;
-- Gear units may be operated with or without Greater than 25.4 m/s pitch line velocity.
load at the gear manufacturer’s discretion unless In addition to units with pitch line velocities in this
specific test loads, agreed upon between the gear
range, slower units where Class B limits are desired
manufacturer and the purchaser, are stated in the
could be included in this class if negotiated between
purchase contract;
manufacturer and purchaser.
-- The direction of rotation during the test shall
be the same as that intended in service, if known; 8.2 Radial shaft displacement limits
-- Vibration measurements shall be made after Axial shaft displacement limits are not specified in
the gear unit is operating within its design this standard. The displacement limits of figure 1 are
temperature range.
intended for use in measuring gear unit bearing
In individual cases, especially where unusually high housing vibration. The same limits can be used in
speeds or powers are involved, alternate operating connection with radial shaft motion; but only if
conditions may be negotiated and supported by mutually agreed upon by manufacturer and purchas-
calculations to indicate that the alternate conditions er. This results in a more stringent specification
are equivalent to the specified conditions. because shaft motion will usually be greater than
corresponding housing vibration displacement.
Shaft vibration measurements may become unreli-

8 Acceptable levels
able at values of less than 13 mm peak--to--peak
because of mechanical and electrical eccentricities,
8.1 Vibration level
out--of--roundness, and errors. In those cases
The recommended maximum allowable levels of where it is desirable to measure vibration at lower
housing vibration in terms of displacement, velocity, levels, special considerations must be taken.
Class A: for PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s

500 Class B: for PLV > 25.4 m/s
250
Peak--to--peak displacement, µm
100
Class A
50
Class B
25
10
2.5
20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000

Frequency (Hz)
Figure 1 -- Displacement limits
100
Class A: for PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s
75
Class B: for PLV > 25.4 m/s
50
25
Peak velocity, mm/s
15
10 Class A
7.5
Class B
5.0
2.5
1.5
10 20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 5000 10000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 2 -- Velocity limits
500 Class A: for PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s

Class B: for PLV > 25.4 m/s
100 Class A
Peak acceleration, m/s 2
50 Class B
20
10
100 200 300 500 1000 2000 3000 4000

Frequency (Hz)
Figure 3 -- Acceleration limits
8.3 Test system limits purchaser, include the following items. Additional
items may be included, if necessary.
Gear units may exhibit excessive vibrations which
are caused by factors beyond the control of the gear
-- type and definition of the gear unit
unit manufacturer, either during shop testing or in
investigated (see clause 4);
normal service. Some of these factors may be
unsuitable foundations and reactions from driving -- test condition (see clause 7). Special atten-
and driven equipment. In such cases, vibration tion is to be drawn to any deviation from the
analysis must be carried out on all components of the conditions specified in clause 7;
system in order to locate the source of the vibrations
(see annex B). -- descriptions of the test including
arrangement of the gear unit and position of
measurement points;
9 Measurement report
-- list of the measuring instrumentation used, by
make and type;
The vibration measurement report shall, when
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the -- test measurement data.
Annex A
(informative)
Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms
[The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be
construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96, Specification for Measurement of Linear Vibration on Gear Units.]
A.1 Purpose v = dX/dt = --ω X0 sin ωt ...(A.4)

This annex outlines the relationship between dis- where
placement, velocity and acceleration waveforms. v is velocity at time t.
A.2 Waveform relationship Differentiating a second time:
The general solution of any periodic sinusoidal a = dv/dt = --ω 2 X0 cos ωt ...(A.5)
waveform can be defined as: where
X = C sin ωt + D cos ωt ...(A.1) a is acceleration.
where
See figure A.1.
t is the time;
NOTE: As a function of time, velocity and acceleration
ω is the circular frequency. lead displacement by π/2 (= 90°) and π (= 180°),
respectively.
The particular equation which best expresses the
motion of an undamped simple harmonic vibration is: A.3 Simple harmonic motion
X = D cos ωt ...(A.2) The relationship of force (F), mass (m) and accelera-
where tion (a) is expressed in Newton’s Second Law.
D is initial displacement. F = ma ...(A.6)

where
If X is the displacement at any time then D = X0 at
t = 0. Therefore rewriting equation A.2: F is the force;
X = X0 cos ωt ...(A.3) m is the mass;
Differentiating with respect to time: a is the acceleration.
Displacement Acceleration Velocity
X0
ωt
Amplitude
π π 3π 2π
2 2
90° 180° 270° 360°
Time period, t (1 full cycle)
Figure A.1 — Waveform
If a spring in a spring--mass system is stretched a A.4 Relative amplitudes

distance by the weight of the mass, the spring rate
developed by the spring can be expressed as (K) It is important to note that the relative amplitudes
measured in N/mm (see figure A.2). If the spring-- of displacement, velocity and acceleration are
mass system is further elongated by a displacement, functions of the frequency of the vibration.
then a force equation of equilibrium can be written
Example: The velocity and acceleration of a 25 mm
as:
net peak--to--peak vibration at 10 Hz, 100 Hz and
F + KX = 0 ...(A.7) 1000 Hz are shown in table A.1.
Rewriting: A.5 Amplitude relationships
F + K X0 cos ωt = 0 ...(A.8)
A vibration, when given by a simple sinusoidal
or function, F(t) = A sin ωt, has the amplitude
F = --K X0 cos ωt ...(A.9) relationship as shown in figure A.3.
Substituting equation A.5 and A.9 in Newton’s Frequency = 1/T cycles per second = 1/T Hz
Second Law:
where
--K X0 cos ωt = --m ω 2 X0 cos ωt ...(A.10)
K = m ω2 ...(A.11) ω is the circular frequency (= 2π/T rad/s);
Therefore: A is the peak amplitude;
ω = (K/m)1/2 ...(A.12) 2A is the peak--to--peak amplitude;
A∕ 2 is the RMS amplitude.
+A
Peak value
Peak--to--peak value
A
2
RMS
value
Amplitude
T
X0 2
-- A
m Time period, T [1 Cycle]
Time
Figure A.2 -- Spring--mass Figure A.3 — Vibration amplitude relationships
Table A.1 -- Amplitude relationships
Displacement Acceleration
Frequency (peak--to--peak) Velocity Velocity (peak) (peak)
Hz mm mm/s mm/s m/s2
10 25 0.555 0.785 0.049
100 25 5.55 7.85 4.93
1000 25 55.5 78.5 493.0
10
500
200
100
50
20
10
100 5
70
2
50
10 000
25
Peak velocity, mm/s
15
10
7.0
5.0
2.5
1.5
100
200
300
10
20
30
40
50
5
100
400
Frequency, Hz 50
500
20
1000
10
5
2000
2
5000
Figure A.4 -- Vibration comparison nomograph
11
12
Annex B
(informative)
System effects and responsibility
B.1 Purpose B.2.4 Torsional characteristics of system

-- torsional stiffness;
Vibrations measured on a gear unit will contain
components, not only from within the gear unit, but -- shafts;
from other sources within the system in which it is -- couplings;
running. The actual levels measured will depend
-- other components.
upon how these other source vibrations are magni-
fied, coupled and transmitted from their origin to the -- inertia of rotating elements;
measuring positions on the gear unit. This annex -- system damping;
lists some of the system factors which should be
-- couplings;
considered.
-- other components.
B.2 Typical system influence factors -- natural frequencies.
Listed below are examples of factors which should B.2.5 Lateral characteristics of system
always be considered when assessing the levels of -- flexibility;
measured vibration:
-- stability of foundations;
B.2.1 Prime mover vibration sources -- method of mounting;
-- internal combustion engine forcing functions; -- flexibility of components.

-- transmissibility;
-- hydraulic motor forcing functions;
-- mass of components;
-- electric motor armature off of magnetic
-- resonant response.
center;
NOTE: Damped non--responsive resonant frequen-
-- prime mover unbalance. cies can be discounted.
B.2.6 Speed effects
B.2.2 Load characteristics
-- direction of rotation;
-- load changing with speed, such as on fans
and impellers; -- speed of rotation;
-- acceleration and deceleration.
-- load pulsations, such as with propellers,
reciprocating compressors and pumps; B.3 Responsibility
-- random load shocks, such as on ore The factors listed in B.2 can affect the performance
crushers; of a gear unit in service. Often these factors will be
beyond the control of the gear unit manufacturer.
-- acceleration--deceleration effects. Therefore, the manufacturer cannot be held
responsible for any resulting adverse effects.
B.2.3 Assembly considerations
System effects should be analyzed during the initial
-- alignment of system components; design stage of a transmission system. The
responsibility for this analysis must be clearly
-- securing of components;
defined during this stage. All system component
-- balance of assemblies, sub--assemblies and manufacturers should be made aware of this
parts. decision on responsibility.
13
14
Annex C
(informative)
ISO vibration rating curves
C.1 Purpose C.2.2 Overall value

This annex shows the acceptance criteria from If frequency spectrum data are not obtainable or not
ISO 8579--2, Acceptance code for gears -- Part 2: known, one or both of the following methods may be
Determination of mechanical vibrations of gear units used to provide an indication of acceptability.
during acceptance testing.
-- The test result is acceptable if the nominal
Acceptance can be established from either a single value of the unfiltered housing velocity does not
criteria for the entire gear unit or separate criteria for exceed the maximum of the velocity grade (see
each shaft or measuring position. Subjective figure C.2).
vibration ratings for typical gear unit applications are
-- A nominal unfiltered shaft displacement value
given in C.4. is taken from figure C.1 using the shaft rotational
NOTE: The velocity amplitude values in this annex are speed as the discrete frequency of the grade.
RMS, which is different from peak velocity values used
in ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96. NOTE: The type of measurement and acceptance
level should therefore be agreed between the manufac-
turer and purchaser at an early stage of negotiation.
C.2 Vibration amplitude The agreement shall state either overall value or
frequency bandwidth acceptance.1)
Vibration characteristics are plotted against frequen-
cy in figures C.1 and C.2. It is important to note
filtered measurements were used to draw up these C.3 Rating of measured shaft displacements
figures. Several components of vibration at different
Peak--to--peak values of shaft displacement may be
frequencies may acceptably exist at the same time,
rated using figure C.1. The rating of a gear shaft
each one at the allowable limit for that frequency as
shall be based on the lowest line enclosing all the
determined from the curves. Equipment capable of
measured filtered shaft displacements. A particular
frequency analysis is required for this purpose. Care
gear unit shall be given the highest rating measured
should be taken to ensure this equipment can
on all the shafts monitored.
resolve the vibration into individual component
frequencies so a legitimate comparison can be made
with the figures. C.4 Rating of measured housing vibration
RMS values of housing vibration velocity may be

C.2.1 Frequency bandwidth rated by comparison with figure C.2. The rating of a
It must be borne in mind the bandwidth of various given measuring position shall be based on the
instruments such as a 1/3 octave or Fast Fourier lowest line fully enclosing its complete vibration
Transform analyzer may show a higher or lower spectrum. A particular gear unit shall be given the
value depending upon the frequency of a given band highest rating measured from all the positions
and the amount of random vibration. monitored.
1) Using a value from figure C.2 for an overall (unfiltered) velocity acceptance, in place of filtered measurements, reduces
the allowable vibration (increases the vibration rating of the gear unit), unless it is known that the vibration is
predominantly due to one or two major frequency components. However, care should be taken when applying a value
from figure C.1 for an overall displacement acceptance, in place of filtered measurements. Although a gear unit’s
displacement is often maximum at rotational speed(s), there could be a rotational harmonic or another source at a higher
frequency, which has a significant amplitude. In this case, using an overall displacement acceptance in place of filtered
measurements, may increase the allowable vibration (reduce the vibration rating of the gear unit). Therefore, overall
velocity is preferred, if C.2.2 is used.
15
400
DR 200
Displacement amplitude, (peak--to--peak) mm

DR 125
100 DR 80
DR 50
DR 31,5
10
5
1 10 100 1000
Frequency, Hz
NOTE: The rating number is equivalent to the displacement of the rating curve between 0 Hz and 50 Hz. Above
50 Hz, the curves decrease by 10 dB per decade.
Figure C.1 — Rating curves for shaft vibration
100
Velocity amplitude, (RMS) mm/s
VR 20
VR 12,5
10 VR 8
VR 5
VR 3,15
1
10 100 1000 10 000
Frequency, Hz
NOTE: The rating number is equivalent to the velocity of the rating curve between 50 Hz and 1590 Hz. The
curves decrease from 50 Hz and 1590 Hz at 14 dB per decade.
Figure C.2 — Rating curves for housing vibration
16
C.5 Subjective ratings Figure C.3 gives the subjective levels of vibration for
typical types of gears enumerated in table C.1 .
A subjective assessment of the acceptable vibration
Table C.1 -- Typical applications
rating for typical applications during acceptance
testing at the manufacturer’s facility is shown in Service Typical applications
ISO 8579--2, annex D. N Navy, etc.
H High speed (over 3600 rpm), etc.
This annex should only be used as a general guide I Industrial, merchant navy, etc.
for typical gear units. M Mill, etc.
Example: An industrial or merchant navy gear drive

The vibration of a properly manufactured gear unit designed to transmit 3700 kW, at a maximum shaft
will vary according to the particular design, size and speed of 1500 rpm, could have a vibration rating
application. What may be perfectly acceptable for a chosen as follows: On figure C.3, the intersection of
large low speed mill drive may not be suitable for a 3700 kW (3,7 MW) and curve I is just below the
precision high speed or marine drive. What may be DR 125--VR 12,5 rating line. An economical gear
acceptable for a precision high speed drive may be drive could have the acceptance vibration rating set
unjustifiably expensive for a low speed mill drive. at DR 125 and/or VR 12,5. To be conservative,
Care must therefore be taken when applying a given acceptance levels would better be chosen at DR 80,
grade as an acceptance criteria. or VR 8, or both.
Displacement Velocity
rating rating
200 DR 20 VR
125 DR 12,5 VR
80 DR 8 VR
50 DR 5 VR
31,5 DR 3,15 VR
1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW
Power level
Figure C.3 -- Subjective vibration ratings
17
18
Annex D
(informative)
Metric to non--metric conversion of vibration measurements
D.1 Purpose In addition, figures are supplied with dual metric and
non--metric scales that define the recommended
This annex provides information to facilitate the maximum allowable levels of housing vibration in
conversion of vibration measurements from metric terms of displacement, velocity and acceleration.
(SI units) to non--metric (inch units). See table D.1. See figures D.1 to D.3.
Table D.1 -- Conversion factors for vibration measurements
Item Metric units Multiply by Non--metric units

Displacement micrometers (mm) 0.0393701 mils (0.001 inches)
Velocity millimeters/second (mm/s) 0.0393701 inch/second
Acceleration meters/second2 (m/s2) 3.2808400 feet/second2
(mm) mils Class A: for PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
Class B: for PLV ≥ 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
500 20
250 10
Peak--to--peak displacement
5.0
100
Class A
50 2.0
Class B
25 1.0
0.5
10
5 0.2
2.5 0.1
20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000

Frequency (Hz)
Figure D.1 -- Displacement limits
19
(mm/s) in/sec
100 4.0 Class A: for PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
Class B: for PLV ≥ 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
75 3.0
50 2.0
25 1.0
Peak velocity
15
0.5
10 0.4 Class A
7.5 0.3
Class B
5.0 0.2
2.5 0.1
1.5
0.5
Frequency (Hz)
Figure D.2 -- Velocity limits
(m/s2) g’s
Class A: for PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)

500 50 Class B: for PLV ≥ 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)
20
100 10 Class A
Peak acceleration
50 5 Class B
20 2
10 1.0
5 0.5
2 0.2
0.1
100 200 300 500 1000 2000 3000 4000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure D.3 -- Acceleration limits
20
Annex E
(informative)
Bibliography
IEC 184:1965, Methods for specifying the characteristics of electromechanical transducers for shock and
vibration measurements
ISO 1940--1:1986, Mechanical vibration -- Balance quality requirements of rigid rotors -- Part 1:
Determination of permissible residual unbalance
ISO 5348:1987, Mechanical vibration and shock -- Mechanical mounting of accelerometers
ISO 10816--1:1995, Mechanical vibration -- Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non--rotating
parts -- Part 1: General guidelines
21
PUBLISHED BY
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
1500 KING STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314

Norma ANSI+AGMA+6000-B96+ (R2002)

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ANSI/AGMA 6000--B96

Revision of ANSI/AGMA 6000--A88

American National Standard

Specification for Measurement

Approved September 6, 1996

American Gear Manufacturers Association

Copyright  1996 by American Gear Manufacturers Association

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic

Printed in the United States of America

1 Applicable vibration instrumentation standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

A Relationship between displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms . . . . 9

PERSONNEL of the AGMA Acoustical Technology Committee

Chairman: E. Wudi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cummins Engine Co.

J.B. Amendola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAAG Gear Company, Ltd.

D.L. Borden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gear Research Institute

This page is intentionally left blank.

3 Definitions peak--to--peak value (of an oscillating quantity):

discrete frequency: A single frequency of vibration 4.1 Unit type limitations

4.3 Applicable designs CAUTION: The instrumentation may indicate an erro-

Table 1 -- Applicable vibration instrumentation standards

5.3 Permissible error be attached to a rigid housing section. Shaft

The preferable units of measurement are listed in

Table 2 -- Preferable units for vibration measurements

Shaft vibration measurements may become unreli-

Class A: for PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s

20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000

Figure 1 -- Displacement limits

Figure 2 -- Velocity limits

500 Class A: for PLV ≤ 25.4 m/s

100 200 300 500 1000 2000 3000 4000

This page is intentionally left blank.

A.1 Purpose v = dX/dt = --ω X0 sin ωt ...(A.4)

D is initial displacement. F = ma ...(A.6)

Displacement Acceleration Velocity

90° 180° 270° 360°

Time period, t (1 full cycle)

Figure A.1 — Waveform

If a spring in a spring--mass system is stretched a A.4 Relative amplitudes

Therefore: A is the peak amplitude;

ω = (K/m)1/2 ...(A.12) 2A is the peak--to--peak amplitude;

A∕ 2 is the RMS amplitude.

Figure A.2 -- Spring--mass Figure A.3 — Vibration amplitude relationships

Table A.1 -- Amplitude relationships

Figure A.4 -- Vibration comparison nomograph

This page is intentionally left blank.

B.1 Purpose B.2.4 Torsional characteristics of system

-- internal combustion engine forcing functions; -- flexibility of components.

This page is intentionally left blank.

C.1 Purpose C.2.2 Overall value

RMS values of housing vibration velocity may be

Displacement amplitude, (peak--to--peak) mm

Figure C.1 — Rating curves for shaft vibration

Figure C.2 — Rating curves for housing vibration

Example: An industrial or merchant navy gear drive

Figure C.3 -- Subjective vibration ratings

This page is intentionally left blank.

Table D.1 -- Conversion factors for vibration measurements

Item Metric units Multiply by Non--metric units

20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000

Figure D.1 -- Displacement limits

Figure D.2 -- Velocity limits

Class A: for PLV < 5000 fpm (25.4 m/s)

Figure D.3 -- Acceleration limits