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Government of Nepal

Ministry of Population and Environment


Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
Nagpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

PRELIMINARY WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL


September 2017

MAIN HIGHLIGHT
Most parts of the country recorded normal to below normal rainfall and above normal temperature
(Fig.2, Fig.4, and Table 2).

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES
Weather over Nepal was affected by the following systems enhancing the rainfall activities during
September 2017.

Monsoon Trough
During monsoon season, position of the monsoon trough plays an important role in the contribution
of rainfall. In general, if it shifts north of its normal position towards foothills of the Himalayas,
Nepal gets significant amount of rainfall and when it moves to the south, monsoon break period
occurs resulting in less or no rainfall. The axis of monsoon trough as usual oscillated north and
south of its normal position during this month.
Monsoon trough ran close to foothills of the Himalayas during first ten days of the month. From
11th onwards it shifted little southwards however its position was north of normal position and
continued to remain in the north till first half of the third week. During second half of the third
week the western end of the monsoon trough ran normal or south of normal position. On 27th
September, monsoon trough became less well marked.
Low Pressure Area (LPA)
The typhoon DOKSURI, which formed a tropical depression in the western Pacific, after crossing
Vietnam coast and crossing Combodia, Thailand and Myanmar reached Bay of Bengal as a low
pressure area over North Bay of Bengal on 19th September. It intensified into well marked low
over Northern parts of central Madhya Pradesh on 21st and remained as a LPA over West Uttar
Pradesh & adjoining Uttarakhand on 24th and became less marked on 25th of this month.

Upper Air Cyclonic Circulation (UACC)


First week received the highest percentage of monthly total rainfall (36.3%). Two UACCs one
over north Bihar & neighborhood extending up to 1.5 km above sea level laid over on 1st
September, moved over sub-Himalayan west Bengal & neighborhood on 3rd and became less
marked on 4th, The second UACC over southeast Bangladesh and neighborhood lay between 3.1
& 5.8 km above sea level merged with the trough on 1st September and contributed in enhancing
rainfall activity during first week of the month.
PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION
Except for northern parts of Province 4 and Province 6, rest of the country recorded normal to
below normal rainfall. The highest 24 hour rainfall of 154.0mm on 2nd September was recorded at
Pokhara Airport contributing to the highest total rainfall of 714.2mm (111.5%) while highest
percentage of rainfall 126.8% (52.2mm) was recorded at Jomsom (Figure 1, Table 2). Highest
amount of the rainfall was received during 1st week of the month (Table 1).

Table 1: Temporal distribution of average rainfall in September, 2017

Total rainfall (mm)


Percentage (%) of Daily rainfall
Week (arithmetic average monthly total Intensity (mm)
from station rainfall)
1st 70.3 36.3 10.0

2nd 38.6 19.9 5.5

3rd 50.5 26.0 7.2

4th 28.9 14.9 4.1

Remaining 3 days 5.6 2.9 1.9

Total 193.9 100.0

TEMPERATURE PATTERN
Except for some isolated patches in Province 4 and Province 7, rest of the country recorded above
normal temperature (Fig.4). The mean temperature varied between less than 19.0°C in the northern
parts of Province 4 to above 30.0°C in southern parts of Tarai Region (Figure 3). As compared to
other stations, Tarahara recorded the highest maximum temperature of 38.0°C on 17th September
while the lowest minimum temperature of 6.0°C was recorded in Thakmarpha on 16th September
(Table 2).

Similarly, Figure 5 presents the amount and percentage of accumulated rainfall during monsoon
season (June-September) with accumulated normal rainfall. Rainfall was consistently below
normal in most of the stations till the first week of August. However high intensity rainfall during
the Second week of august contributed to sharp rise of accumulated rainfall. Out of 20 stations,
Jomsom recorded above normal rainfall while Dharan, Simara, Dang, Jumla and Dadeldhura
recorded normal rainfall. The rest of the stations received below normal rainfall (Fig 5).
30 Fig.1: Total Precipitation (mm)
September 2017

Dadeldhura Jumla
Dipayal
29
Dhangadhi Jomsom
Surkhet
Lumle
Nepalgunj Dang Pokhara
28
Kathmandu Jiri
Bhairahawa
Okhaldhunga Taplejung
Simara
Dhankuta
27 Dharan
Janakpur
Biratnagar
40 100 160 220 280 340 460 620 690

30
Fig.2: Percentage of Normal Precipitation(%)
September 2017
Dadeldhura Jumla
Dipayal
29
Dhangadhi Jomsom
Surkhet
Lumle
Nepalgunj Dang Pokhara
28
Kathmandu Jiri
Bhairahawa
Okhaldhunga Taplejung
Simara
Dhankuta
27 Dharan
Janakpur
Biratnagar
30 45 60 75 90 110 125

30 Fig.3: MeanTemperature(°C)
September 2017
Dadeldhura Jumla
Dipayal
29
Dhangadhi Jomsom
Surkhet
Lumle
Nepalgunj Dang Pokhara
28
Kathmandu Jiri
Bhairahawa
Okhaldhunga Taplejung
Simara
Dhankuta
27 Dharan
Janakpur
15 19 23 27 30 Biratnagar

Fig.4:Departure of Mean Temperature from Normal(°C)


30 September 2017
Province 6

Dadeldhura Jumla
Dipayal
29 Province 4
Dhangadhi Jomsom
Surkhet
Province 3
Province 7 Lumle
Nepalgunj Dang Pokhara Province 1
28
Kathmandu Jiri
Bhairahawa
Province 5 Okhaldhunga Taplejung
Simara
Dhankuta
27 Dharan
Janakpur
Province 2 Biratnagar
-0.4 -0.2 0.2 0.8 1.4 1.9

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 %
Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C
Table: 2

PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA


September 2017
PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE
No. of Rainy Days Maxim um ( °C ) Minim um ( °C ) Mean ( °C )

24hrs Extreme Rainfall

maximum temperature
No.of Days with
Highest Max & Date

Lowest Min & Date


Departure from the

Departure from the

Departure from the


% of Normal
Total (mm)

Monthly Mean
Average Max

Average Min
& Date

≥ 30°C
≥ 10.0 mm

≥ 25.0 mm

≥ 50.0 mm
≥ 1.0 mm
Stations

normal

normal

normal
DADELDHURA 137.2 70.0 7 7 1 0 29/2 24.7 1.43 27.4/17 16.5 1.0 15.1/21 20.6 1.2 0
DARCHULA 232.9 69.3 14 6 4 1 56.6/6 30.1 -0.9 33.5/17 20.5 0.8 18/30 25.3 -0.1 23
DHANGADHI 107.0 36.2 8 6 0 0 22/24 34.2 1.8 36.4/17 25.3 1.2 24.3/22 29.7 1.5 29
DIPAYAL 89.7 53.7 6 2 1 0 43/21 33.3 0.3 37.2/17 22.9 1.0 21.1/3 28.1 0.6 25
JUMLA 71.0 69.1 7 3 1 0 30/1 25.4 1.2 28.6/17 14 1.5 10.5/9 19.6 1.3 0
SURKHET 103.0 54.0 8 5 1 0 26/21 32.0 2.0 33.5/16 21.8 0.3 20.9/9 26.9 1.1 25
NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 203.0 100.1 8 5 3 2 63/1 34.1 1.4 36/17 25.3 0.9 23.4/1 29.7 1.1 29
GHORAI ( DANG ) 161.6 69.9 9 4 2 1 57/7 31.6 2.4 34.2/17 22.7 1.3 21.6/7 27.1 1.8 27
JOMSOM 52.2 126.8 7 2 0 0 21.6/3 21.7 0.5 25/17 12.0 0.6 11/5 16.9 0.6 0
THAKMARPHA 65.7 123.3 9 2 0 0 18.4/3 21.6 1.6 24.5/17 9.0 -2.5 6/16 15.3 -0.4 0
TANSEN 176.5 77.5 8 4 2 1 102/22 29.8 3.2 32.7/17 16.9 -2.3 16/11 23.3 0.5 19
BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 206.6 81.5 8 4 4 2 64/22 35.2 2.3 37.7/17 25.2 0.5 22.5/30 30.2 1.4 30
POKHARA AIRPORT 714.2 111.5 15 11 10 5 154/2 31.1 1.7 33.4/17 22.0 1.2 20.2/30 26.5 1.5 26
LUMLE 547.6 61.8 20 12 10 2 92.5/2 24.0 1.1 29/23 17.0 0.8 15.2/8 20.5 0.9 0
RAMPUR 195.7 63.4 10 5 4 1 54.6/1 33.8 0.9 36.1/17 24.8 0.6 22.8/13 29.3 0.7 30
SIMARA AIRPORT 147.1 50.4 13 6 1 0 28/18 34.3 2.0 36.5/17 25.2 1.0 24/11 29.8 1.5 30
GODAVARI 143.4 53.9 8 4 3 0 47.7/20 27.7 3.4 29.4/24 17.1 0.2 16.2/6 22.4 1.8 0
KATHMANDU AIRPORT 100.2 50.1 8 4 1 0 33/2 29.7 1.6 31.6/16 19.3 0.8 17.8/27 24.5 1.2 17
PANCHKHAL 123.8 75.2 11 5 0 0 22.9/18 33.1 2.4 34.7/23 21.8 1.0 19.9/27 27.4 1.7 30
DHUNIBESI 128.9 56.7 12 6 1 0 29.2/21 31.6 2.5 35.5/25 21.5 0.2 20/22 26.6 1.4 27
JIRI 359.1 112.1 19 9 6 1 53.1/1 25.0 1.8 27.1/17 15.9 0.8 13.5/11 20.5 1.3 0
JANAKPUR AIRPORT 144.4 73.1 11 5 2 0 42.4/2 34.0 1.7 37.4/17 26.6 1.2 24.8/12 30.3 1.5 30
JALESORE 86.5 60.6 5 2 1 0 48.5/12 33.3 -0.1 37/16 27.0 1.4 25.5/11 30.1 0.6 29
KABRE 241.7 59.0 16 9 5 0 37.2/11 26.4 2.4 27.6/9 17.8 0.3 16/11 22.1 1.3 0
OKHALDHUNGA 212.9 86.7 15 9 3 0 47/29 25.3 1.0 27.9/5 17.0 0.3 15.6/29 21.2 0.7 0
LAHAN 206.1 95.0 9 6 5 1 57.5/13 34.2 2.2 36/17 26.0 2.0 24.5/13 30.1 2.1 30
RAJBIRAJ 128.5 54.5 9 6 1 0 29/3 33.5 0.5 37/16 26.4 1.7 24.5/11 30.0 1.1 30
DHANKUTA 115.2 86.5 6 5 1 0 42/10 28.3 1.7 33.6/22 20.1 1.1 17.9/27 24.2 1.4 2
DHARAN 247.0 63.0 15 9 4 1 52.1/12 33.0 1.1 36/17 25.1 2.0 23.6/13 29.1 1.6 30
BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 105.1 35.2 9 3 1 1 50/7 33.8 1.7 37.4/17 26.1 1.4 25/7 29.9 1.5 30
TARAHARA 146.0 47.8 12 5 2 0 33.5/21 34.3 2.3 38/17 24.6 -0.1 23/18 29.5 1.1 30
KHADBARI 262.5 82.7 20 12 2 0 33/10 27.7 0.7 30/16 21.0 0.2 19.5/18 24.3 0.5 2
TAPLEJUNG 276.2 101.5 19 8 5 1 59/18 26.5 2.6 29/17 17.9 1.4 16/28 22.2 2.0 0
KANKAI 352.5 81.7 16 10 4 1 102/13 34.0 1.2 37/17 24.1 1.2 22/24 29.0 1.2 30
Monsoon Monitoring 2017
(1 June - 30 September)

Taplejung 100
Biratnagar
1400 100
90 1400 90
1200
80 80
1200
R

1000 70 70
Rainfall (m m )

1000
60 60
800

Rainfall (m m )

Rainfall (%)
Rainfall (%)
50 800 50
600 40 40
600
400 30 30
400
Accum. Norma l
20 Accum. Norma l 20
200 200 10
Accum. 201 7(mm / %) 10 Accum. 201 7(mm / %)

0 0 0 0

6-Aug

8-Sep
1-Jun

15-Jul

26-Jul
12-Jun

23-Jun

4-Jul

19-Sep

30-Sep
17-Aug

28-Aug
6-Aug

8-Sep
1-Jun

23-Jun

26-Jul
15-Jul
12-Jun

4-Jul

28-Aug

30-Sep
17-Aug

19-Sep

Date Date

Dharan Bazar Dhankuta


100
1800 100
700 90
1600
600 80
1400 80
70

Rainfall (%)
Rainfall (m m )

1200 500
Rainfall (m m )
Rainfall (%)

60
60
1000 400 50
800 40
40 300
600 30
200
400 Accum. Norma l 20 Accum. Norma l 20
200 100 10
Accum. 201 7(mm / %) Accum. 201 7(mm / %)

0 0 0 0
7-Sep
15-Jun

29-Jun
1-Jun

13-Jul

27-Jul

10-Aug

24-Aug

21-Sep

6-Aug
23-Jun

8-Sep
12-Jun
1-Jun

15-Jul

26-Jul
4-Jul

28-Aug
17-Aug

19-Sep

30-Sep
Date Date
Okhaldhunga 100 Janakpur
100
1400
90 1400 90
1200 80 80
1200
70 70

Rainfall (m m )
1000
Rainfall (m m )

1000

Rainfall (%)
60 60

Rainfall (%)
800 800
50 50
600 40 600 40
30 30
400 400
Accum. Norma l 20 Accum. Norma l 20
200 200 10
Accum. 201 7(mm / %) 10 Accum. 201 7(mm / %)

0 0 0 0

6-Aug

8-Sep
1-Jun

12-Jun

23-Jun

4-Jul

26-Jul
15-Jul

19-Sep
17-Aug

28-Aug

30-Sep
8-Sep
6-Aug
23-Jun
12-Jun
1-Jun

15-Jul

26-Jul
4-Jul

17-Aug

30-Sep
28-Aug

19-Sep
Date Date

1200 Kathmandu 100


2000
Jiri
100 90
1800 1000 80
1600
80 70
1400 800
Rainfall (m m )
Rainfall (m m )

60

Rainfall (%)
Rainfall (%)

1200 60
600 50
1000
40
800 40 400 30
600
Accum. Norma l
Accum. Norma l 20
400 20 200
10
200 Accum. 201 7(mm / %)
Accum. 201 7(mm / %)

0 0
0 0
6-Aug

8-Sep
12-Jun

23-Jun
1-Jun

15-Jul

26-Jul
4-Jul

17-Aug

28-Aug

19-Sep

30-Sep
7-Sep
15-Jun

29-Jun
1-Jun

13-Jul

27-Jul

10-Aug

24-Aug

21-Sep

Date Date

Simara 100 Lumle 100


1600 4500
90 90
1400 4000
80 80
1200 3500
70 70
Rainfall (m m )
Rainfall (m m )

3000
1000 60 60
Rainfall (%)

Rainfall (%)
2500
800 50 50
2000 40
40
600
1500 30
30
400 1000 Accum. Norma l
Accum. Norma l
20 20
200 Accum. 201 7(mm / %) 10 500 Accum. 201 7(mm / %) 10
0 0 0 0
6-Aug

8-Sep
12-Jun

23-Jun
1-Jun

26-Jul
15-Jul
4-Jul

28-Aug

30-Sep
17-Aug

19-Sep
6-Aug

8-Sep
12-Jun

23-Jun
1-Jun

15-Jul

26-Jul
4-Jul

17-Aug

28-Aug

19-Sep

30-Sep

Date Date
Pokhara 100 1600 Bhairahawa
3000 100
90 1400
2500 80
1200 80
70
Rainfall (m m )

Rainfall (%)

Rainfall (m m )
2000 1000

Rainfall (%)
60
60
50 800
1500
40
600 40
1000 30
400
Accum. Norma l 20
500 Accum. Norma l
20
Accum. 201 7(mm / %) 10 200
Accum. 201 7(mm / %)
0 0 0 0
12-Jun

23-Jun

6-Aug

8-Sep
1-Jun

15-Jul

26-Jul
4-Jul

30-Sep
17-Aug

28-Aug

19-Sep

7-Sep
1-Jun

13-Jul

27-Jul
15-Jun

29-Jun

10-Aug

24-Aug

21-Sep
Date Date

Jomsom
120 Dang (Ghorai) 100
160 1200 90
100
140 80
1000
120 70
80
Rainfall (m m ) 800 60
Rainfall (%)

Rainfall (%)
100
Rainfall (m m )

60 50
80 600
40
60 40
400 30
40 Accum. Norma l
Accum. Norma l
20
20 200
20 Accum. 201 7(mm / %) Accum. 201 7(mm / %) 10
0 0 0 0
7-Sep

7-Sep
15-Jun

29-Jun
15-Jun

29-Jun
1-Jun

13-Jul

27-Jul

1-Jun

27-Jul
13-Jul
21-Sep

10-Aug

21-Sep
10-Aug

24-Aug

24-Aug
Date Date

Nepalgunj 100 1400 Surkhet 100

1200 90 90
1200
80 80
1000 1000
Rainfall (m m )

70 70

Rainfall (%)
Rainfall (m m )

800 60 60
800
Rainfall (%)

50 50
600 600
40 40

400 30 400 30

20 Accum. Norma l 20
Accum. Norma l
200 200
10
10 Accum. 201 7(mm / %)
Accum. 201 7(mm / %)
0 0
0 0
6-Aug

8-Sep
1-Jun

12-Jun

23-Jun

4-Jul

15-Jul

26-Jul

17-Aug

28-Aug

19-Sep

30-Sep
12-Jun
23-Jun

6-Aug

8-Sep
1-Jun

15-Jul
26-Jul
4-Jul

17-Aug

30-Sep
28-Aug

19-Sep

Date Date
Rainfall (m m ) Rainfall (m m )

0
100
600
700

200
300
400
500
800
0
300
400
500

100
200
600

1-Jun 1-Jun
12-Jun 12-Jun
23-Jun 23-Jun
4-Jul 4-Jul
15-Jul 15-Jul
26-Jul 26-Jul

Date
6-Aug
Jumla

Date
6-Aug

Dipayal
17-Aug 17-Aug
28-Aug 28-Aug

Accum. Norma l
Accum. Norma l

8-Sep

Accum. 201 7(mm / %)


8-Sep
Accum. 201 6(mm / %)

19-Sep
19-Sep
30-Sep
30-Sep

0
0

10
20
80
90

30
40
50
60
70
10
30
60
80

20
40
50
70
90

100
100
110

Rainfall (%)
Rainfall (%)

Rainfall (m m ) Rainfall (m m )

0
0

200
400
600
800
200
400
600
800

1000
1000
1200
1400
1600

1-Jun 1-Jun
12-Jun 12-Jun
23-Jun 23-Jun

4-Jul 4-Jul
15-Jul 15-Jul
26-Jul 26-Jul

Date
6-Aug 6-Aug
Date
Dhangadhi

17-Aug 17-Aug
Dadeldhura

28-Aug 28-Aug
Accum. Norma l

Accum. Norma l

8-Sep 8-Sep
Accum. 201 7(mm / %)

Accum. 201 7(mm / %)

19-Sep 19-Sep
30-Sep 30-Sep
0
0

10
20
80
90
20
30
40
50

30
40
50
60
70
10
60
70
80
90

100
100

Rainfall (%) Rainfall (%)

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