CHAPTER I

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

CONTENT OF THIS CHAPTER :

 FORM
 PERSONAL RECOUNT
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
 PAST PROGRESSIVE
 PAIRED CONJUCTION

It will be great that we know we will study even something new or something that we have ever learned
before. Then, let‟s start our first discussion in this chapter one.
Do you have experience about fill any form?
In this chapter we will learn about personal experience, and it is about telling past time. However, we are
going to make experience in learning about form first.
Objective learning :
a. analyze form
b. understanding and fill a form correctly
 Form is an official document (printed or electronic) containing questions and spaces for
answers or enter our data.
There are many kind of form :
1. Form for registration 5. Application form for making
2. Curriculum vitae identity card
3. Application form for scholarship 6. Purchase and order form
4. Application form for opening bank account 7. Withdraw and deposit slip
8. Reservation form
9. Medical form

Characteristics of forms :
a. Clear instructions about information to be supplied.
b. Generally, the space is limited. Write what is instructed in the space provided.
c. Usually, we can find a space for one‟s signature in a form, it is to evaluate the
accuracy of the information provided.

Look at the example form below!

Do this following instruction :

1. Analyze the form, what kind of form is it, the usage, and the space that should fill.
2. Fill the space of form, suppose you are the person who wants to withdraw.
3. Tell your own experience
Practice 1.
Read the form below and do the following task!
DIAMOND CITY BOARDING SCHOOL

HIGH SCHOOL REGISTRATION FORM

A. PERSONAL INFORMATION
FULL NAME : Tiara Paulina Mecca NICKNAME :Mecca
GENDER : Female
PLACE / DATE OF BIRTH : Jakarta / September 10th, 2002
RELIGION : moslem

B. CONTACT
ADDRESS : A. Yani Street No. 10 Mawar Residence
Kota Lama
TELEPHONE
HOME : 0511 – 2345 - 655
OFFICE : -
MOBILE : 0888 – 8282 – 8787
E-MAIL ADDRESS : Mecca.tiara@gmail.com

NAME OF PARENT / GUARDIAN : H. Abdussalam

ADDRESS : Cempaka Street No. 43 Martapura Lama
TELEPHONE NUMBER : 0878 – 1553 - 8888

C. EDUCATION QUALIFICATION
ELEMTARY SCHOOL : SDN 4 Mawar
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL : SMPN 2 Cempaka

SIGNATURE : ............ DATE : ............

Read the statement below, analyze whether the statement True or False based on the above form! Then, give
it prove whether it is True or give it correction whether it is False!
1. The form is a registration form. (T / F)
2. The writer has not finished filling the form. (T / F)
3. Mecca is the complete name of the writer. (T / F)
4. Mecca lives with her parent / guardian. (T / F)
5. Mecca has mentioned her phone number. (T / F)
6. H. Abdussalam is the person who fills the form. (T / F)
7. Mecca gives signature to the form. (T / F)
8. There is a date space for Mecca writes the date. (T / F)
 By good and bad experience, we will be better in facing many things. Our experience in the past can
be written or told in recount text.
To study recount, first you will be introduced about that kind of text and its characteristics, social function,
and linguistic features. Then, you will try to get information from the texts and practice to analyze the text.
Finally, you are expected to apply what you learn in this activity in any situation
Recounts record a series of events in the order in which they occured. There are several types of
recount, for example
 Diares (personal recount)
 Journals
 Autobiographies and Biographies
 Historical recounts.

Read the following text!

Last holiday my friends and I camped on a hill. We went

Orientation
there on foot, so it was rather tiring.

We pitched two tents on flat land, between high trees, one

for the boys and the other, for the girls. After pitching the tents
and having lunch, we were very tired. My friends decided to
have a nap for a while. However, could not close my eyes. I got
out of my tent to look around.
Suddenly, a bird perched on a tree. The bird had very
beautiful feathers. It was chirping happily on the tree.
Being interested in the bird, I approached it. I thought I
would climb up the tree, to get the bird. Suddenly, the bird flew
away. It perched on another tree.
Series of event
I followed the bird and didn‟t realize that I was far away
from my tent. The bird flew skywards and I started to realize that
I had arrived at a strange place. I saw a hut and took a shelter in
it. I was very afraid and tried to call my friends. Unfortunately,
there was no phone signal in that area. I could not call my
friends.
Being tired, I slept in the hut. I was woken up by shouts
calling my name. I was sure they were my friends. I shouted
loudly and told them where I was. Finally, they found me and we
were together again.

Reorientation
That was really an unforgettable experience for me.
SIMPLE PAST AND PAST PROGRESSIVE
Read and pay attention the following sentence :
1. Carren visited Kuta beach last holiday.
2. I found some coin in my desk
3. My mother phoned me while I was in my friend‟s house.
4. Winda was studying English last night
5. Bara was walking to school when he met ana.

Simple Past
The simple past expresses an action or activity that began and ended in the past.
Signal Words of Simple Past : yesterday, last (Friday, morning, night, week, etc.), this morning, this
afternoon, just now, 2 minutes ago (... ago), in 1990, the other day, the
day before yesterday etc.
Use of Simple Past
No. Use of Simple Past Example
1. To express completed action in the past, taking Amin visited his grandmother in the village
place once, never or several times every weekend.
2. Completed actions in the past taking place one My family visited the new restaurant, had
after the other (series of action) dinner, and then talked about it.
3. Action in the past taking place in the middle of Mom called me, while I was watering the
another action (learn more in past progressive >>>) flowers.
4. To express habit or fact which no longer true. Dinda didn‟t like cooking, but now she can
make a delicious cake.

The pattern of Simple Past tense :

Verbal form Nominal form
( + ) S + Verb 2 (past) + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv ) ( + ) S + was / were + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv )
( - ) S + did not + Verb1 (base) + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv ) ( - ) S + was / were not + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv )
( ? ) did + S + Verb1 (base) + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv ) ( ? ) was / were + S + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv ) ...?

Example :
( + ) Smith went to my grandmother's house yesterday.
Subject Verb2 (past) Compliment Adv. Of time
( + ) She was the winner of this competition last season.
Subject Be(was / were) Compliment Adv. Of time
( - ) Laura didn‟t attend the meeting last night.
Subject did not + verb(base) Compliment Adv. Of time

Using Be (was or were) depends on the subject ;

Subject Be
I was
You
They (some person / plural noun) Were
We
He
She Was
It (thing / singular noun)

We must realize that one of characteristic of simple past tense, we use verb2 (past) in positive form.
Pay attention on the verbs taken from the examples above.
Go => went => gone
Visit => visited => visited
They called are the verbs used for telling past events. It used the second form of verb or verb 2.
There are two kinds of verbs in simple past tense, i e. Regular and irregular verbs.
1. Regular Verbs
In regular verbs, the verbs end in-ed.
Pay attention to the following rules.
 Verbs End in ... How to Make the Simple Past Examples
-e Add -d. Like - liked
Receive - received
Consonant –y Change -y to -i, then add-ed. Apply – applied
cry - cried
vowel consonant(not-w or y) Double the consonant, then add-ed. rob - robbed
beg - begged
anything including-w Add -ed. bang - banged
vowed - VOW
2. Irregular Verbs
In irregular verbs, the verbs usually do not end in –ed, so we have to check our dictionary.
Examples :
bring - brought feel - felt take – took find - found send - sent
break – broke teach - taught write - wrote Wear - Wore
meanwhile, there are several verbs past which are similar to their verb base.
Examples :
Cut – cut read – read let – let put – put hit - hit

See another example below, identify which one in verbal form or in nominal form!
1. They got the first place in the competition.
2. They weren't able to come because they were so busy.
3. She left the house early in the morning.
4. I was angry because they were late.
5. She didn't get the first place in dance competition.
6. They didn't leave the class earlier.
7. Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
8. Did they get the book?

PAST PROGRESSIVE
When we want to express our activity or action that we were doing at certain time in the past, we can use
structure of past progressive. Past progressive can be called past continuous tense. It has still relation with
simple past tense that we have discussed before.
Here, we will discuss more about it.

The functions of past progressive

Here are the functions of past continuous tense.
1. To talk about an action this was in progress at a certain time in the past.
Pattern,
( + ) S + was / were + Verb –ing + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv )
( - ) S + was / were not + Verb –ing + Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv )
( ? ) was / were + S + Verb –ing +Compliment ( Obj / Adj / adv ) ...?
Example :
( + ) Erna was browsing the Internet at about 8 p.m last night.
Subject Be(was/were) Verb –ing Obj. Adv. (specific time in the past)
( + ) Roni and I were reading storybooks in the living room at about 5 p.m. yesterday.
(-) I was not sleeping at 10 p.m last night.
*** The pattern of past progressive has similarity with nominal form of simple past tense. But in past
progressive, after subject must be followed by verb –ing.
*** was or were depends on the subject.

2. To talk about two actions that occurred at the same time. One action began earlier and was in
progress when the other action occurred. For the action that began earlier we use simple past tense
 and the action that was in progress we use past progressive. Then to combine the actions, we use
conjuction when or while
Patern,
Simple past tense When Past progressive
Past progressive When Simple past tense
Simple past tense While Past progressive
Past progressive While Past progressive

Example :
 Roni was reading a magazine when his mother came home.
Meaning : Roni read a magazine, then his mother came home. After that, Roni probably
still read the magazine.
 While my mother was cooking, her mobile phone rang.
 When my aunt was having shower, her daughter cried.
 I was chatting with my friend while my sister was listening to music
***we have to analyze each action, which one use simple past and which one use past progressive by
understanding the characteristic of its structure and definition.

Practice
Change the verbs in the bracket into past tense or past progressive tense.
l. I am sitting in class right now. I (sit) in class at this exact same time yesterday.
2. I (heart, not) the thunder during the storm last night because I (sleep)
3. What (you/do) at this time yesterday?
4. I got a package in the mail. When I (open) (find) a surprise.
5. Tom went to his friends‟ house, but the boys (be, not) there. They (play) soccer in the vacant lot down
the street.
6. When I arrived the lecture had already started and the professor (write) on the whiteboard. cards when
they hear) their
7. The boys(play) father's step.
8. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.
9. He was very polite. Whenever his wife entered the room he (stand up).
10. When I arrived, she have dinner.

following dialog.
Joko Soni, what were you doing at 4 pm yesterday?
Soni I was watching a football match on TV What's the matter?
Joko ithought you watched a basketball match at school. I just want Sorry, didn't know. But today l

following
Joko Soni, what were you doing at 4 pm yesterday?
Soni I was watching a football match on TV What's the matter?
Joko ithought you watched a basketball match at school. I just want to know the match result.
Soni Sorry, didn't know. But today l must watch the game, our team will play.
Joko You're right. We must support our team

The sentences in bold use past continuous tense.

PAIRED CONJUNCTION
EXPERESSION TO SHOW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO THINGS, PERSONS, OR ACTIONS USING
PAIRED CONJUNCTION BOTH ... AND .... ; EITHER ... OR ... ; NEITHER ... NOR ... ; NOT ONLY .. BUT
ALSO ...
In daily life you must find some relationship between two people, things, or actions, For example, you can
find that there are two of persons having the same activity at the same time or there are two related
characteristics in someone. For example, in your class, do have classmates who have same activity at the
same time or there are two related characteristics in them? Can you mention who they are and what the
similarity of them?
you know that God makes creatures with similarities and different. Differences in religion, race, culture,
etc are not problems if you can tolerate one another. Let's study about expressions to show relationship
between two thing persons, or actions.
First, you will study some ways to express it. Then, you will practice using it and finally you are expected
to apply it in d life

1. Both ... and ...

Both and is a paired conjunction. Paired conjunctions are used to express actions that two or more subjects
take with two or more subjects have similar position or balance.
The pattern (generally),
Both <subject1> and <subject2> + (verb / be(is/are/was/were) / compliment)
A. Subjects connected by "both ... and ...” take the plural conjugation.
Examples :
1. Both Ms. Dani and Ms. Rika are attending the meeting right now.
2. Both father and mother were watching TV when I got home last night.
B. We use both with a plural noun.
Examples :
1. Both houses are on sale.
2. Both men are my teachers.
C. We need “of” before the pronouns us, you, them.
Examples :
1. Both of my sisters study in the university.
2. Both of his arms were injured when he slipped on the stairs
2. Either ... or ... ; neither ... nor ...
The pairings either ... or ... ; neither ... nor ... can be used to group consideration and option two people or
things even two action.
The pattern,
Positive statement Negative statement
Either <subject1> or <subject2> .... neither <subject1> nor <subject2> ....
... either <object1> or <object2> .... ... neither <object1> nor <object2> ....
... either <adv. / adj>1 or <adv. / adj.>2 ... neither <adv. / adj>1 nor <adv. / adj.>2
... either <action / verb>1 or <action / verb.>2 .... ... neither <action / verb>1 nor <action / verb.>2 ...
Read the examples, then identify the function whether as subject, object, verb or compliment :
1. Well, I think she's either foolish or awkward.
2. You can do your homework either now or after dinner.
3. Sandy's going to buy either a TV or a tape recorder with his money.
4. I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
5. Neither the TV nor the video actually works.
6. The movie was neither funny nor interesting.
3. Not only ... but also ...
Not only... but also ... is a correlative conjunction. Use two verbs that make chronological sense, two
adjectives, or two nouns. Besides, it gives two or more addtional information.
The patern,
... Not only <verb / adj. / adv.>1 but also <verb / adj. / adv.>2 ....

Examples:
1. Hinata not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
2. She was not only intelligent but also very musical.
3. Our leader has not only a sense of humour but also intelligence.

should either walk quickly or take the bus. I have both respect give admiration for them. It will rain either
today tomorrow. to tell the truth or to He could neither decide keep silent. It was a beautiful day, but also
the first day of condescending He is neither proud I know he saw the movie nor he slept last night. She
could find the book neither at the Library, M at the bookstore. The crowd was both large enthusiastic.

CHAPTER II

BIOGRAPHYCAL RECOUNT

BIOGRAPHYCAL RECOUNT
BAHAN PELATIHAN

Source: http://peperonity.com/go/sites/

B.J. HABIBIE
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie known as BJ.
Habibie was born on 25 June 1936. He was the
Third President of the Republic of Indonesia
(1998–1999). Habibie was born in Parepare,
South Sulawesi Province to Alwi Abdul Jalil
Habibie and R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo.
His father was an agriculturist from Gorontalo
of Bugis descent and his mother was a Javanese
noblewoman from Yogyakarta. His parents
met while studying in Bogor. When he was 14
years old, Habibie‟s father died.
Following his father‟s death, Habibie
continued his studies in Jakarta and then in
1955 moved to Germany. In 1960, Habibie
received a degree in engineering in Germany,
giving him the title Diplom-Ingenieur.
BAHAN PELATIHAN
He remained in Germany as a research assistant under Hans Ebner at the Lehrstuhl
und Institut für Leichtbau, RWTH Aachen to conduct research for his doctoral
degree.
In 1962, Habibie returned to Indonesia for three months on sick leave.
During this time, he was reacquainted with Hasri Ainun, the daughter of R.
Mohamad Besari. The two married on 12 May 1962, returning to Germany shortly
afterwards. Habibie and his wife settled in Aachen for a short period before moving
to Oberforstbach. In May 1963 they had their first son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, and
later another son, Thareq Kemal Habibie.
When Habibie‟s minimum wage salary forced him into part-time work, he
found employment with the Automotive Marque Talbot, where he became an
advisor. Habibie worked on two projects which received funding from Deutsche
Bundesbahn. Due to his work with Makosh, the head of train constructions offered
his position to Habibie upon his retirement three years later, but Habibie refused.
Habibie did accept a position with Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm in
Hamburg. There, he developed theories on thermodynamics, construction, and
aerodynamics known as the Habibie Factor, Habibie Theorem, and Habibie
Method, respectively. He worked for Messerschmit on the development of the
Airbus A-300B aircraft. In 1974, he was promoted to vice president of the company.
In 1974, Suharto requested Habibie to return to Indonesia as part of Suharto‟s
drive to develop the country. Habibie initially served as a special assistant to Ibnu
Sutowo, the CEO of the state oil company Pertamina. Two years later, in 1976,
Habibie was made Chief Executive Officer of the new state-owned enterprise
Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (IPTN). In 1978, he was appointed as Minister
of Research and Technology. Habibie was elected vice president in March 1998.
On 21 May 1998, Suharto publicly announced his resignation and Habibie was
immediately sworn in as president. Habibie‟s government stabilized the economy
in the face of the Asian financial crisis and the chaos of the last few months of
Suharto‟s presidency.
Since relinquishing the presidency, Habibie has spent more time in Germany
than in Indonesia. However, he has also been active as a presidential adviser
during Susilo Bambang Yudoyono‟s presidency. In September 2006, he released
a book called Detik-Detik Yang Menentukan: Jalan Panjang Indonesia Menuju
Demokrasi (Decisive Moments: Indonesia‟s Long Road Towards Democracy). The
book recalled the events of May 1998.
MODALS
In this section, we will learn about modal auxiliaries and modal perfect.

Modal Auxiliaries
Modal auxiliaries generally express a speaker‟s attitudes or moods. They can express that a speaker feels
something is necessary, advisable, permissible, possible or probable. Notice the form and the meaning of
modal auxiliaries below.
SUBJECT + <MODAL> + VERBI (BASE) + COMPLIMENT ...
SUBJECT + <MODAL> + BE + COMPLIMENT ...

Function / expression Modal Example

 Mr. Sam will explain the rules of the game.
Will
 To show an action in the future  Novi has already rented a few movies, she is
(be) going to
going to stay at home and watch them tonight.
Will  It will be sunny tomorrow
 To express a prediction
(be) going to  The sky is so dark, it is going to rain.
Will  Will you accompany me to the night fair?
 To express a request Can  Can you turn the radio down?
Would (polite)  Would you take me home?
 To express ability Can  Dilan can play guitar very well.
 Can  Can I use the phone?
 To ask for permission
May  May I wash my hand?
Can  You can enjoy surfing on that beach
 To express possibility
May  This shoes may be Sarah‟s.
 To give permission May  You may leave the room
Must  You must put your shoes
 To express obligation Have / has to  He has to work hard to reach it.
Should  You should bring some pencil
 To express necessity Must  The students must take their ID card
 To show probability Must  Milea must be sick
 To express an action that was repeated  I would play football after school, but now i don‟t
Would
regularly in the past have time to do it
 To offer something Would  Would you like a cup of coffee?
 To show possibility (rare) Might  Rindu might be in the library
 To ask for permission (rare) Might  Might I join your group?
Should
 You should not talk with her.
 To give advice Ought to
 You had better take a rest
Had better***
 To give suggestion Should  You should study harder than before

Note :
***Had better, in meaning is closed to should / ought to. However, had better is usually stronger. Had better
used to show warning or a threat of possible bad consequences.
***negative statement using modal, put „not‟ after the modal.

Practice!
Circle the correct modals for the sentence below.
1. I have no time. I (should, may, must) leave or I (would, will, must) miss the bus.
2. I wish I (could, would, can) buy a new car but I don't have enough money.
3. (Should, May, Might) we go out tonight, please?
Yes, but you (won't, couldn't, mustn't) be late
4. She looks tired; she (should, shouldn't, might) take some day off.
5. I never told anyone before where I (will, won't, would) go my next holiday.
6. (Should, Could, Might) you water my plants while I am away. If they don't get enough water they
(will, won't, can't) die
7. Mirna's flight to Jakarta took more than 4 hours. She (must, could, will) be exhausted after such a
long flight.
8. When you have a small child in your house, you (won't, may not, mustn‟t) leave small objects lying
around. Such objects (must, could, had better) be swallowed, causing serious injury

Modal Perfect
Different from modal auxiliary, all modal perfect refer to the past with specific meaning.
Pattern :
SUBJECT + <MODAL> + HAVE + VERB3 PAST PARTICIPLE + ...

The following are modal perfect including their meanings and examples.
Modal Perfect Meaning
We had ability to do an activity in
Could have + past participle
the past, but we didn‟t do it
We wanted to do an activity, but we
Would have + past participle
didn‟t do it in the end
It is possible that an event happened
Might have + past participle
in the past, but we aren‟t sure
It was the right activity to do, but
we didn‟t do it
Should have + past participle
We expected an event to happen,
but it didn‟t.
We are almost sure it happened in
Must have + past participle
the past
Example
 The report is concidered nonfactual. Renny could
have interviewed several people before writing it.
 I would have finished it last night. Now I am still
doing my work.
 We did not see Andra at the meeting. He might have
forgotten it.
 Alex had negative thoughts about you. You should
have told him the truth.
 Lina is disappointed. Her father should have bought
her a bicycle.
 My younger sister is very happy. She must have got
the doll she longed for a while.

Practice!
Complete the sentences with proper modal perfect and the words in brackets.
1. we ... (submit) our work yesterday. However, we submitted it this morning.
2. Mr. Andi‟s house was empty. He and his family ... (move) to Makasar.
3. Leo ... (buy) the cell phone, but he didn‟t want to. He prefers saving his money to spending it on a
cell phone.
4. Nami arrived home late two days ago. She ... (get) a flat tire.
5. Sandra looked healthy. She ... (recover) from her illness.
CHAPTER III

HISTORICAL RECOUNT
The text illustrates the battle of Surabaya on November 10, 1945. Can you tell the class about the
event briefly? How was the event? Why did it happen?
It was a long story before our country Indonesia proclaimed independence. There were many events
recorded before and after independence. All the events are worthy and memorable, and we have to know
them. Hence, we will be able to learn about our heroes‟ / heroines fighting spirits and respect them.
When we talk or write about historical events, we use a historical recount. We will learn how to
compose historical recounts and study the text structure with its language features. Do all task to improve
your English skills.
Historical recount have similar to other type of recounts. It usually starts with orientation, followed by a
series of events, and ends with a reorientation.
 Orientation, part includes information about who, when, and where.
 Series of events, they are presented in the order they happened
 Reorientation, part states personal comments about the event.

On 10 November, Indonesia celebrates Hari Pahlawan or

Heroes Day in remembrance of the Battle of Surabaya which
started on that very date in the year 1945. The bloody battle took
place because Indonesians refused to surrender their weaponry
to British army. British Army at that time was part of the Allied
Forces. The defiant Bung Tomo is the well-known revolutionary
leader who played a very important role in this battle.
It all started because of a misunderstanding between British
troops in Jakarta and those in Surabaya, under the command
of Brigadier A.W.WS. Mallaby. Brigadier Mallaby already had an
agreement with Governor of East Java Mr. Surya. The agreement
stated that British would not ask Indonesian troops and militia to
surrender their weapons.
However, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets all
over Surabaya. The leaflet told Indonesians to do otherwise on
27 October 1945. This action angered the Indonesian troops and
militia leaders because they felt betrayed.
On 30 October 1945, Brigadier Mallaby was killed as he was
approaching the British troops‟ post near Jembatan Merah or
Red Bridge, Surabaya. There were many reports about the death,
but it was widely believed that the Brigadier was murdered by
Indonesian militia. Looking at this situation, Lieutenant General
Sir Philip Christison brought in reinforcements to siege the city.
BAHAN PELATIHAN
In the early morning of 10 November 1945, British troops
began to advance into Surabaya with cover from both naval and
air bombardment. Although the Indonesians defended the city
heroically, the city was conquered within 3 days and the whole
battle lasted for 3 weeks. In total, between 6,000 and 16,000
Indonesians died while casualties on the British side were about
600 to 2000.
Battle of Surabaya caused Indonesia to lose weaponry which
hampered the country‟s independence struggle. However, the
battle provoked Indonesian and international mass to rally for
the country‟s independence which made this battle especially
important for Indonesian national revolution.
PAST PERFECT
The past perfect tense shows that one action had been completed before another action took place in the
past.
Let‟s see examples :
1. Henny : oh, I am late. Letta has left for We know that :
Jakarta.  Letta gave the scrift to Anton
Anton : don‟t worry. She had given me the  Then she left for Jakarta
script before she left.
2. Rina had prepared some pictures of animals before she told the story.
3. The guests arrived when Mrs. Smith had cleaned the living room.
Patterns of past perfect tense,
Form Verbal Statement Nominal Statement
(+) SUBJECT + HAD + VERBPAST PARTICIPLE + COMPL SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + COMPL
(-) SUBJECT + HAD NOT + VERBPAST PARTICIPLE + COMPL SUBJECT + HAD NOT+ BEEN + COMPL
(?) HAD + SUBJECT + VERBPAST PARTICIPLE + COMPL ...? HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN + COMPL ...?
We use conjunctions like when, after, before, and because (cause & effect) to combine two action. We also
use the simple past tense instead of the past perfect tense.
Pattern,
Past perfect Before / when* Simple past
Example : The man had worked in the company for four years before he resigned
Simple past After / when* Past perfect
Example : I read the novel after I had finished my assignment
Simple past (effect) Because Past perfect
Example : Ratna was very sleepy because she had worked hard all night
***if we use conjunction when, we have to decide which one the action had been completed and which one
the action occured after it.

Practice!
Change the verbs in the bracket into past perfect tense or simple past tense.
1. after Andra (write) down the question, he (answer) them correctly.
2. we (have) breakfast before we (go) to school.
3. the king (pass) the message to his son before he (die).
4. the family (move) to another town because the earthquake (desteroy) their house.
5. the soldiers (prepare) themselves wll when the enemy (arrive)
6. the man (lock) the drawer when he (leave) the room.
7.

Project
Project

Use'so... that or too... to... to complete the following sentences. 1. This book is interesting I stayed up all
night to read She was tired watch the video. 3. They have little furniture it will be easy for them to 4. They
have they are accepted few enemies wherever they go. 5. The visibility was poor for the mountains be seen.
6. The boys were excited sit still 7. He has varied interests one never knows what he will do next. 8. She
sang soothing lullabies the baby was soon asleep. 9. Yesterday I walked far I fell asleep immediately after
supper. 10. The snow was deep for us walk across the field 11. This puzzle is easy for adult do it a good
time at the party I did not want to 12. I had leave. his walls were lined with many books 13. He had
bookcases for me cross. 14. The street was busy I feel I know her quite well. often 15. I see her