Ar443 Building Frames Lecture Notes PDF

COURSE OUTLINE
I. Design of Steel Members

Building Frame Systems
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. CODE DESIGN CRITERIA
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete

 Procedure and Limitations for the Design of Structures
A. Definition of Terms  Zoning - Indicate the effective peak ground acceleration
B. WSD 0.40g for Zone 4
Beam 0.20g for Zone 2
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  Site Characteristic
C. USD A factor greater than or equal to 1.0 introduce to the base
Beam
shear formula to account for the variability of soil conditions.
Column
Examples 5 and 6  Occupancy
III. Building Frame System A factor greater than or equal to 1.0 introduce to the base
A. Code Design Criteria shear formula to account for the importance of the structure
B. Structural System
C. Vertical Irregularities  Configuration
D. Plan Irregularities Implies the type of plan and vertical irregularity
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy  Structural System and Height
B. Material Specification Implies the response of the building under lateral load
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
E. Beam-Column Joints
F. Rebar Details
48
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 Two Major Parameters in the Selection of Design Criteria
A. Definition of Terms
 Occupancy
B. WSD  Structural Configuration
Beam
Column  Four Categories of Occupancy
Examples 3, 4, & 5  Essential Facilities
C. USD  Occupancies having surgery and emergency treatment areas
Beam
 Fire and police stations
Column
 Garages and shelters for emergency vehicles and emergency
Examples 5 and 6
aircraft
III. Building Frame System  Structures and shelters in emergency preparedness centers
A. Code Design Criteria  Aviation control towers
B. Structural System  Structures and equipment in communication centers and other
C. Vertical Irregularities facilities required for emergency response
D. Plan Irregularities  Standby power-generating equipment for Category 1 facilities
IV. NSCP Provisions  Tanks and other structures containing housing or supporting
A. Design Philosophy water or fire-suppression material or equipment required for
B. Material Specification the protection of category I, II or III structures.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
49
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 Four Categories of Occupancy
II. Reinforced Concrete  Hazardous Facilities
A. Definition of Terms  Occupancies and structures therein housing or supporting
B. WSD toxic or explosive chemicals or substances
Beam  Non-building structures housing, supporting or containing
Column quantities of toxic or explosive substances.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
 Special Facilities
Column  Buildings with an assembly room with an occupant capacity >1000
Examples 5 and 6  Educational buildings with a capacity of 300 or more students
 Buildings used for college or adult education with a capacity > 500
III. Building Frame System  Institutional buildings with 50 or more incapacitated patients, but
A. Code Design Criteria not included in Category I
B. Structural System  Mental hospitals, sanitariums, jails, prison and other buildings
C. Vertical Irregularities
where personal liberties of inmates are similarly restrained
D. Plan Irregularities
 All structures with an occupancy 5,000 or more persons
IV. NSCP Provisions  Structures and equipment in power-generating stations and other
A. Design Philosophy public utility facilities not included in Category I or Category II
B. Material Specification above, and required for continued operation.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
50
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 Four Categories of Occupancy
 Standard Facilities
B. WSD
All structures housing occupancies or having functioned not
Beam
listed in Category I, II or III above and Category V below.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  Miscellaneous Facilities
C. USD Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings, and
Beam fences over 1.8 meters high.
Column
Examples 5 and 6
III. Building Frame System

A. Code Design Criteria
IV. NSCP Provisions

A. Design Philosophy
B. Material Specification
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
51
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns B. BASIC STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Example 2
C. Connections
1. Bearing Wall System
II. Reinforced Concrete a structural system without a complete vertical load-carrying space
B. WSD
frame. Bearing walls or bracing systems provide support for all or
Beam most gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided by shear
Column walls or brace frame.
Description of Lateral Force Height
Examples 3, 4, & 5
Illustration Resisting System Limit (Z4)
C. USD
Beam
1. Light-framed walls with shear panels
Column Wood structural Panels -------------------------------- 20
Examples 5 and 6 All other light-framed walls ---------------------------- 20
III. Building Frame System 2. Shear wall
A. Code Design Criteria Concrete --------------------------------------------------- 50
B. Structural System Masonry ---------------------------------------------------- 50
3. Light steel-framed bearing walls tension bracing --- 20
4. Braced frames where bracing carries gravity load
IV. NSCP Provisions Steel -------------------------------------------------------- 50
A. Design Philosophy Concrete --------------------------------------------------- ***
B. Material Specification Heavy Timber -------------------------------------------- 20
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
52
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
2. Building Frame System
II. Reinforced Concrete a structural system with an essentially complete space frame
B. WSD
providing support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is
Beam provided by shear walls or brace frames.
Column
Illustration Description of Lateral Force Height
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Resisting System Limit (Z4)
C. USD
Beam 1. Steel eccentrically braced frame ------------------------ 75
Column 2. Light-framed walls with shear panels
Examples 5 and 6 Wood structural Panels -------------------------------- 20
All other light-framed walls ---------------------------- 20
A. Code Design Criteria 3. Shear wall
B. Structural System Concrete --------------------------------------------------- 75
C. Vertical Irregularities Masonry ---------------------------------------------------- 50
D. Plan Irregularities 4. Ordinary braced frame
Steel -------------------------------------------------------- 50
IV. NSCP Provisions
Concrete --------------------------------------------------- ***
A. Design Philosophy Heavy timber --------------------------------------------- 20
C. Flexural Members 5. Special concentrically steel braced frame ------------ 75
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
53
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
3. Moment-Resisting Frame System
II. Reinforced Concrete a structural system with essentially complete space frame providing
support for gravity loads. Resistance to lateral load is provided
B. WSD
Beam
primarily by flexural action of members.
Column
Illustration Description of Lateral Force Height
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Resisting System Limit (Z4)
C. USD
Beam 1. Special moment-resisting frame
Column Steel -------------------------------------------------------- NL
Examples 5 and 6 Concrete --------------------------------------------------- NL
III. Building Frame System 2. Masonry moment-resisting walls frame --------------- 50

3. Concrete intermediate moment-resisting frame ----- ***
C. Vertical Irregularities 4. Ordinary moment-resisting frame
D. Plan Irregularities Steel -------------------------------------------------------- 50
Concrete --------------------------------------------------- ***
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy 5. Special truss moment frames of steel ----------------- 75
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
54
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections 4. Dual System
II. Reinforced Concrete is a combination of moment-resisting frames & shear walls or braced
A. Definition of Terms frames. Moment-resisting frame shall be designed to resist 25 % of the
B. WSD base shear & 75 % for the Description of Lateral Force Height
Beam Resisting System Limit (Z4)
shear walls/braced frame.
Column 1. Shear wall
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Illustration Concrete with SMRF ------------------------------------ NL
C. USD Concrete with steel OMRF or concrete IMRF ---- 50
Masonry with SMRF or steel OMRF ---------------- 50
Beam
Masonry with concrete IMRF ------------------------- ***
Column
Masonry with masonry MMRWF --------------------- 50
Examples 5 and 6
2. Steel eccentrically braced frame
III. Building Frame System With steel SMRF ----------------------------------------- NL
A. Code Design Criteria With steel OMRF ---------------------------------------- 50
C. Vertical Irregularities 3. Ordinary braced frame
Steel with steel SMRF ---------------------------------- NL
Steel with steel OMRF ---------------------------------- 50
IV. NSCP Provisions Concrete w/ concrete SMRF or concrete IMRF -- ***
A. Design Philosophy 4. Special concentrically braced frame
B. Material Specification Steel with steel SMRF ---------------------------------- NL
C. Flexural Members Steel with steel OMRF ---------------------------------- 50
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
55
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
5. Cantilevered Column Building System
A. Definition of Terms a structural system relying on cantilevered column elements for
B. WSD lateral resistance.
Beam Description of Lateral Force Height
Column Resisting System Limit (Z4)
Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Cantilevered column elements -------------------------- 10
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
56
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
6. Shear Wall-Frame Interactive System
II. Reinforced Concrete a combination of shear walls and frames designed to resist lateral
forces in proportion to their relative rigidities, considering interaction
B. WSD
Beam
between shear walls and frames on all levels.
Column Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Description of Lateral Force Height
Beam Resisting System Limit (Z4)
Column Concrete ------------------------------------- 50
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
57
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns C. VERTICAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULATITIES
Example 2
C. Connections
1. Stiffness Irregularity / Soft Story
II. Reinforced Concrete is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in
A. Definition of Terms the story above or less than 80 percent of the average stiffness of the
B. WSD
three stories above.
Beam
Column Illustration Braced frame Shear wall Stiff column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

D. Plan Irregularities Soft Soft Soft
story story story
IV. NSCP Provisions
“Soft Story” stiffness < 70% of story stiffness above
“Soft Story” stiffness < 80% of average stiffness 3 stories above
C. Flexural Members
Note: Need not be considered if the story drift under the lateral force is less than 1.3 times the story drift above
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
58
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
2. Weight (mass) Irregularity
II. Reinforced Concrete mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where the effective
A. Definition of Terms mass of any story is more than 150 percent of the effective mass of
B. WSD
an adjacent story. A roof that is lighter than the floor below need not
Beam
Column be considered.
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Illustration
C. USD
Beam HEAVY MASS
Column
Examples 5 and 6 HEAVY MASS
HEAVY
MASS
C. Vertical Irregularities HEAVY MASS
IV. NSCP Provisions

Story mass > 150% of the mass of adjacent story
C. Flexural Members
Note: Need not be considered if the story drift under the lateral force is less than 1.3 times the story drift above
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
59
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
3. Vertical Geometric Irregularity
II. Reinforced Concrete vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the
horizontal dimension of the lateral-force-resisting system in any story is
B. WSD
Beam
more than 130 percent of that in an adjacent story. One-story penthouses
Column need not be considered.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Illustration
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members Story dimension > 130% of the dimension of adjacent story
D. Beam-Column
E. Beam-Column Joints Center for the Designed Environment Profession
# 2 Matulungin Street, House of Architects Building
F. Rebar Details Teachers Village, Quezon City 60
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
4. In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Lateral-Force-Resisting Element
an in-plane offset of the lateral-load-resisting elements greater than
B. WSD
the length of those elements.
Beam
Column
Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Shear wall
Shear wall Braced frame
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
61
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
5. Discontinuity in Capacity / Weak Story
II. Reinforced Concrete a weak story is one in which the story strength is less than 80 percent
A. Definition of Terms of that in the story above. The story strength is the total strength of all
B. WSD
Beam
seismic-resisting elements sharing the story for the direction under
Column consideration.
Examples 3, 4, & 5 Illustration Shear wall Braced frame Shear wall
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

C. Vertical Irregularities weak
D. Plan Irregularities story
IV. NSCP Provisions weak weak
A. Design Philosophy story story
C. Flexural Members Story strength < 80% of the story strength above
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
62
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns D. PLAN STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES
Example 2
C. Connections
1. Torsional Irregularity (to be considered if diaphragm is not flexible)
II. Reinforced Concrete torsional irregularly shall be considered to exist when the maximum
B. WSD
story drift, computed including accidental torsion, at one end of the
Beam structure transverse to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of
Column the story drifts of the two ends of the structure.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam Illustration
Column
Examples 5 and 6 δ1
δ2
P
A. Code Design Criteria M
D. Plan Irregularities δ1
δ2
IV. NSCP Provisions
B. Material Specification δ2 > 1.20(δ1 + δ2)/2
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
63
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
2. Re-Entrant Corners
II. Reinforced Concrete plan configurations of a structure and its lateral-force-resisting system
B. WSD
contain re-entrant corners, where both projections of the structure
Beam beyond a re-entrant corner are greater than 15 percent of the plan
Column dimension of the structure in the given direction.
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam Illustration > 0.15L
Column
Examples 5 and 6
> 0.15B
B. Structural System B
Re-entrant corner
IV. NSCP Provisions
B. Material Specification L
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
64
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
3. Diaphragm Discontinuity
A. Definition of Terms diaphragm with abrupt discontinuities or variations in stiffness,
B. WSD including those having cutout or open areas greater than 50 percent of
Beam the gross enclosed area of the diaphragm, or changes in effective
Column diaphragm stiffness or more than 50 percent from one story to the
Examples 3, 4, & 5
next.
C. USD Diaphragm discontinuity
Beam Illustration
Column
Examples 5 and 6

B. Structural System B
IV. NSCP Provisions

B. Material Specification L
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
65
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
4. Out-of-Plane Offsets
A. Definition of Terms discontinuities in a lateral force path, such as out-of-plane offsets of
B. WSD the vertical elements.
Lateral-load-resisting
Beam element
Column
Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

B. Material Specification Lateral-load-resisting
C. Flexural Members element
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
66
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete 5. Nonparallel System

A. Definition of Terms the vertical lateral-load-resisting elements are not parallel to or symmetric
B. WSD about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral-force systems.
Beam
Column Illustration
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD Lateral-load-resisting
Beam element
Column
Examples 5 and 6

IV. NSCP Provisions

A. Design Philosophy Lateral-load-resisting
B. Material Specification element
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
E. Beam-Column Joints Center for the Designed Environment Profession
# 2 Matulungin Street, House of Architects Building
F. Rebar Details Teachers Village, Quezon City 67
COURSE OUTLINE

NSCP Provisions for RC Members
A. Beams
Example 1
B. Columns A. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  The NSCP C101-01 Section 421 contains special requirement
B. WSD for the design of RC members that are part of the lateral
Beam
resisting frame subjected to earthquake motions.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  These requirements were established based on the profound
C. USD
Beam engineering experiences and experiments to ensure good
Column
Examples 5 and 6 performance of the structure during earthquakes.
III. Building Frame System  It provides requirements to mitigate earthquake stresses by
B. Structural System increasing the ductility of the structure through the confinement
of concrete with reinforcing steel where plastic hinging may
IV. NSCP Provisions

occur.
C. Flexural Members
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
68
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
 The NSCP C101-01 Section 421 contains special requirement
A. Definition of Terms for the design of RC members that are part of the lateral
B. WSD
Beam resisting frame subjected to earthquake motions.
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5
C. USD
Beam
 These requirements were established based on the profound
Column engineering experiences and experiments to ensure good
Examples 5 and 6
performance of the structure during earthquakes.
C. Vertical Irregularities  It provides requirements to mitigate earthquake stresses by
increasing the ductility of the structure through the confinement
IV. NSCP Provisions
A. Design Philosophy of concrete with reinforcing steel where plastic hinging may
C. Flexural Members occur.
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
69
COURSE OUTLINE

A. Beams
Example 1
Example 2
C. Connections
II. Reinforced Concrete  Reinforced concrete structures in high seismic risk must have:
• Strength, Ductility, Toughness
B. WSD
Beam
Column
Examples 3, 4, & 5  The performance criteria of RC members resisting earthquake:
C. USD
• Serviceability Limit State - material remains in the elastic
Beam
Column range and no damage is expected.
Examples 5 and 6
Minor - Magnitude 1 - 4 < 10 yrs
A. Code Design Criteria • Control Limit - some yielding may occur and may have minor
B. Structural System structural damage.
D. Plan Irregularities Moderate - Mag. 4 - 6 -10-20 years
IV. NSCP Provisions • Survival Limit State - inelastic behavior and may have major
A. Design Philosophy structural damage.
C. Flexural Members Major - Magnitude 7 and up - 100-500 years
D. Beam-Column
F. Rebar Details
70

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COURSE OUTLINE

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System 2. Masonry moment-resisting walls frame --------------- 50

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

I. Design of Steel Members

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

II. Reinforced Concrete 5. Nonparallel System

III. Building Frame System

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

IV. NSCP Provisions

I. Design of Steel Members

I. Design of Steel Members

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