Professional Documents
Culture Documents
org)
Solved by:
Dr Lee Chu Keong
(ascklee@gmail.com)
0
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
𝑥−2=0 𝑥+2=0
𝑥=2 𝑥 = −2
Substituting 𝑥 = 2 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = −2 into (1):
𝑦 = 2(2) + 1 𝑦 = 2(−2) + 1
= 4+1 = −4 + 1
=5 = −3
(2, 5) (−2, −3)
1
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 1(b)
𝑦 = 2 + 𝑥 … (1)
𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 … (2)
𝑥−4=0 𝑥+1=0
𝑥=4 𝑥 = −1
Substituting 𝑥 = 4 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = −1 into (1):
𝑦 =𝑥+2 𝑦 =𝑥+2
=4+2 = −1 + 2
=6 =1
(4, 6) (−1, 1)
2
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 1(c)
𝑦 = 4 − 2𝑥 … (1)
𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 0 … (2)
Factorising:
4(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4) = 0
4(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥−4=0 𝑥−1=0
𝑥=4 𝑥=1
Substituting 𝑥 = 4 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = 1 into (1):
𝑦 = 4 − 2𝑥 𝑦 = 4 − 2𝑥
= 4 − 2(4) = 4 − 2(1)
= 4−8 = 4−2
= −4 =2
(4, −4) (1, 2)
3
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 2(a)
𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥 … (1)
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 1 = 0 … (2)
Factorising:
(𝑥 + 1)2 = 0
𝑥+1=0
𝑥 = −1
Solution: (−1, 3)
4
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 2(b)
𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥 … (1)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 … (2)
5𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑥−1=0
5𝑥 = −2 𝑥=1
2
𝑥=−
5
2
Substituting 𝑥 = − 5 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = 1 into (1):
𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥
𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥
2 = 1 − 3(1)
= 1 − 3 (− )
5 = 1−3
6 = −2
= 1+
5
1
=2
5
2 1 (1, −2)
(− , 2 )
5 5
5
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 2(c)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1 … (1)
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 11 … (2)
From (1):
3𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑦
1 2
∴𝑥= − 𝑦 … (3)
3 3
Multiplying throughout by 3:
(1 + 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦) + 6𝑦 2 = 33
1 + 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 = 33
5𝑦 + 8 = 0 𝑦−2=0
5𝑦 = −8 𝑦=2
8
𝑦=−
5
3
= −1
5
8
Substituting 𝑦 = − 5 into (3): Substituting 𝑦 = 2 into (3):
1 2
1 2 𝑥= − 𝑦
𝑥= − 𝑦 3 3
3 3
1 2
1 2 8 = − (2)
= − (− ) 3 3
3 3 5
6
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
1 16 1 4
= + = −
3 15 3 3
5 16 3
= + =−
15 15 3
21 = −1
=
15
7
=
5
2
=1
5
2 3 (−1, 2)
(1 , −1 )
5 5
7
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 3
𝑦 = 8 − 𝑥 … (1)
𝑥2 𝑦
+ = 3 … (2)
4 3
3𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑥−2=0
3𝑥 = −2 𝑥=2
2
𝑥=−
3
2
The 𝑥-coordinates are − 3 and 2.
8
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 4(i)
Perimeter of the first square:
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 4𝑥
Perimeter of the second square:
𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 4𝑦
Dividing throughout by 4:
𝑥+𝑦 =8
𝑦 = 8 − 𝑥 … (1)
Question 4(ii)
Area of the first square:
𝑥 × 𝑥 = 𝑥2
Area of the second square:
𝑦 × 𝑦 = 𝑦2
Question 4(iii)
Solve (1) and (2) simultaneously:
Substituting (1) into (2):
𝑥 2 + (8 − 𝑥)2 = 34
Expanding:
𝑥 2 + (64 + 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥) = 34
𝑥 2 + 64 + 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 = 34
Rearranging and factorising:
2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 30 = 0
2(𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15) = 0
9
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 = 0
Factorising:
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5) = 0
𝑥−3=0 𝑥−5=0
𝑥=3 𝑥=5
𝑦 =8−𝑥 𝑦 =8−𝑥
=8−3 =8−5
=5 =3
Solution: 3 cm and 5 cm
10
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 5(i)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑥𝑦
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
= 2(𝑥 + 𝑦)
Question 5(ii)
216 = 𝑥𝑦 … (1)
60 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦) … (2)
Dividing throughout by 2:
30 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 … (3)
Rearranging:
𝑦 = 30 − 𝑥 … (4)
Substituting (4) into (1):
216 = 𝑥(30 − 𝑥)
Multiplying out:
216 = 30𝑥 − 𝑥 2
Rearranging:
𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 216 = 0
Factorising:
(𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 − 18) = 0
𝑥 − 12 = 0 𝑥 − 18 = 0
𝑥 = 12 𝑥 = 18
𝑦 = 30 − 𝑥 𝑦 = 30 − 𝑥
= 30 − 12 = 30 − 18
= 18 = 12
Solution: 12 m and 18 m
11
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
5𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑥−1=0
5𝑥 = −9 𝑥=1
9
𝑥=−
5
4
= −1
5
9
Substituting 𝑥 = − 5 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = 1 into (1):
2𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1
2𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1
9 = 3(1) − 1
= 3 (− ) − 1
5 =2
27 𝑦=1
=− −1
5
32
=−
5
16
𝑦=−
5
1
= −3
5
12
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
4 1 (1,1)
(−1 , −3 )
5 5
13
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 6(b)
𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑦 … (1)
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 1 … (2)
Substituting (1) into (2):
(2 + 2𝑦)2 − 2(2 + 2𝑦)𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 1
(4 + 8𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 ) − (4𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 ) + 𝑦 2 = 1
4 + 8𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 4𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 3 = 0
Factorising:
(𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 + 1) = 0
𝑦+3=0 𝑦+1=0
𝑦 = −3 𝑦 = −1
𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑦 𝑥 = 2 + 2𝑦
= 2 + 2(−3) = 2 + 2(−1)
=2−6 =2−2
= −4 =0
(−4, −3) (0, −1)
14
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 6(c)
𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 3 … (1)
2 1
− = 2 … (2)
3𝑦 𝑥
Substituting (1) into (2):
2 1
− =2
3𝑦 3𝑦 − 3
2(3𝑦 − 3) − 3𝑦
=2
3𝑦(3𝑦 − 3)
6𝑦 − 6 − 3𝑦
=2
9𝑦 2 − 9𝑦
3𝑦 − 6
=2
9𝑦 2 − 9𝑦
3(𝑦 − 2)
=2
3(3𝑦 2 − 3𝑦)
𝑦−2
=2
3𝑦 2 − 3𝑦
𝑦 − 2 = 2(3𝑦 2 − 3𝑦)
= 6𝑦 2 − 6𝑦
Rearranging:
6𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 + 2 = 0
Factorising:
(3𝑦 − 2)(2𝑦 − 1) = 0
3𝑦 − 2 = 0 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
3𝑦 = 2 2𝑦 = 1
2 1
𝑦= 𝑦=
3 2
𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 3 𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 3
2 1
= 3( ) − 3 = 3( ) − 3
3 2
= 2−3 3
= −3
= −1 2
3
=−
2
15
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
1
= −1
2
2 1 1
(−1, ) (−1 , )
3 2 2
16
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 7(a)
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 3 … (1)
𝑥𝑦 + 20 = 5𝑥 … (2)
Substituting (1) into (2):
(2𝑦 + 3)𝑦 + 20 = 5(2𝑦 + 3)
Expanding:
(2𝑦 2 + 3𝑦) + 20 = 10𝑦 + 15
2𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 + 20 = 10𝑦 + 15
Rearranging:
2𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 + 5 = 0
Factorising:
(2𝑦 − 5)(𝑦 − 1) = 0
2𝑦 − 5 = 0 𝑦−1=0
2𝑦 = 5 𝑦=1
5
𝑦=
2
1
=2
2
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 3 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 3
5 = 2(1) + 3
= 2( ) + 3
2 = 2+3
= 5+3
=5
=8
1 (5, 1)
(8, 2 )
2
Question 7(b)
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 … (1)
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 0 … (2)
Substituting (1) into (2):
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥(2𝑥 − 4) − 3(2𝑥 − 4) = 0
Expanding:
2𝑥 2 + (8𝑥 2 − 16𝑥) − (6𝑥 − 12) = 0
17
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 12 = 0
Rearranging:
10𝑥 2 − 22𝑥 + 12 = 0
Dividing throughout by 2:
5𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 6 = 0
Factorising:
(5𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
5𝑥 − 6 = 0 𝑥−1=0
5𝑥 = 6 𝑥=1
6
𝑥=
5
1
=1
5
6
Substituting 𝑥 = 5 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = 1 into (1):
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4
6 = 2(1) − 4
= 2( ) − 4
5 = 2−4
12 20 = −2
= −
5 5
8
=−
5
3
= −1
5
1 3 (1, −2)
(1 , −1 )
5 5
18
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 7(c)
𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥 … (1)
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = 3 … (2)
Substituting (1) into (2):
(𝑥 + 1 − 3𝑥)(𝑥 + 2(1 − 3𝑥)) = 3
(1 − 2𝑥)(𝑥 + 2 − 6𝑥) = 3
(1 − 2𝑥)(2 − 5𝑥) = 3
Multiplying out:
2 − 5𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 10𝑥 2 = 3
Rearranging:
10𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 1 = 0
Factorising:
(10𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
10𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥−1=0
10𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1
1
𝑥=−
10
𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥 𝑦 = 1 − 3𝑥
1 = 1 − 3(1)
= 1 − 3 (− )
10 = 1−3
3
=1+ = −2
10
3
=1
10
1 3 (1, −2)
(− , 1 )
10 10
19
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 8
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 … (1)
2𝑥 𝑦
+ = 3 … (2)
𝑦 𝑥
Substituting (1) into (2):
2𝑥 3𝑥 − 2
+ =3
3𝑥 − 2 𝑥
2𝑥 2 + (3𝑥 − 2)2
=3
𝑥(3𝑥 − 2)
2𝑥 2 + (9𝑥 2 + 4 − 12𝑥)
=3
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 2 + 4 − 12𝑥
=3
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
11𝑥 2 + 4 − 12𝑥
=3
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
Cross-multiplying:
11𝑥 2 + 4 − 12𝑥 = 3(3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)
11𝑥 2 + 4 − 12𝑥 = 9𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
Rearranging:
2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0
Dividing throughout by 2:
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
Factorising:
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥−2=0 𝑥−1=0
𝑥=2 𝑥=1
Substituting 𝑥 = 2 into (1): Substituting 𝑥 = 1 into (1):
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2
= 3(2) − 2 = 3(1) − 2
= 6−2 = 3−2
=4 =1
(2, 4) (1, 1)
20
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 9
Using Pythagoras Theorem:
(4𝑥)2 + (3𝑥)2 = 152
16𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 2 = 225
25𝑥 2 = 225
𝑥 = ±3
The dimensions: 9 in by 12 in
21
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 10(i)
Using Pythagoras Theorem:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 52
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 … (1)
Question 10(ii)
𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥 … (2)
𝑥+4=0 𝑥−3=0
𝑥 = −4 𝑥=3
Substituting 𝑥 = −4 into (2): Substituting 𝑥 = 3 into (2):
𝑦 = 1+𝑥 𝑦 =1+𝑥
= 1 + (−4) =1+3
= −3 =4
(−4, −3) (3, 4)
22
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 11(ii)
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 7 … (1)
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7 … (2)
From (2):
3𝑦 = 7 − 2𝑥
7 2
𝑦= − 𝑥 … (3)
3 3
Substituting (3) into (1):
7 2 7 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 ( − 𝑥) + ( − 𝑥) = 7
3 3 3 3
23
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
7 2 7 2
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 𝑥2 + − 𝑥 = 7
3 3 3 3
1 2 5 14
𝑥 + 𝑥− =0
3 3 3
Multiplying throughout by 3:
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 14 = 0
Factorising:
(𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥+7=0 𝑥−2=0
𝑥 = −7 𝑥=2
Substituting 𝑥 = −7 into (3): Substituting 𝑥 = 2 into (3):
7 2 7 2
𝑦= − 𝑥 𝑦= − 𝑥
3 3 3 3
7 2 7 2
= − (−7) = − (2)
3 3 3 3
7 14 7 4
= + = −
3 3 3 3
21 3
= =
3 3
=7 =1
(−7, 7) – the “other” solution set (2, 1) – the solution set provided in the
question
24
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 12(i)
12𝑥 2 − 5𝑦 2 = 7 … (1)
Substituting (1, 𝑝) into (1):
12(1)2 − 5𝑝2 = 7
12 − 5𝑝2 = 7
Rearranging:
5𝑝2 = 12 − 7
=5
𝑝2 = 1
𝑝 = ±1
Question 12(ii)
12𝑥 2 − 5𝑦 2 = 7 … (2)
2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 7 … (3)
From (3):
2𝑥 = 7 + 5𝑦 … (4)
Squaring (4):
4𝑥 2 = (7 + 5𝑦)2
= 49 + 25𝑦 2 + 70𝑦 … (5)
(5) × 3:
12𝑥 2 = 3(49 + 25𝑦 2 + 70𝑦)
= 147 + 75𝑦 2 + 210𝑦 … (6)
Substituting (6) into (2):
147 + 75𝑦 2 + 210𝑦 − 5𝑦 2 = 7
Rearranging:
70𝑦 2 + 210𝑦 + 140 = 0
Dividing throughout by 70:
𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 + 2 = 0
Factorising:
(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 + 1) = 0
25
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
𝑦 = −2 𝑦 = −1
2𝑥 = 7 + 5𝑦 2𝑥 = 7 + 5𝑦
= 7 + 5(−2) = 7 + 5(−1)
= 7 − 10 =7−5
= −3 =2
3 𝑥=1
𝑥=−
2
3 (1, −1)
(− , −2)
2
26
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
Question 13(i)
𝐴 = 2(𝜋𝑟 2 ) + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
32𝜋 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ … (1)
Dividing (1) by 2𝜋:
32𝜋 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
=
2𝜋 2𝜋
16 = 𝑟 2 + 𝑟ℎ … (2) − 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛
Question 13(ii)
ℎ = 𝑟 + 4 … (3)
Substituting (3) into (2)
16 = 𝑟 2 + 𝑟(𝑟 + 4)
= 𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 + 4𝑟
= 2𝑟 2 + 4𝑟 … (4)
Dividing (4) by 2:
8 = 𝑟 2 + 2𝑟
Rearranging:
0 = 𝑟 2 + 2𝑟 − 8
Factorising:
0 = (𝑟 + 4)(𝑟 − 2)
𝑟−2=0
𝑟=2
Substituting 𝑟 = 2 into (3):
ℎ =2+4
=6
Summary:
𝑟 = 2 𝑐𝑚
ℎ = 6 𝑐𝑚
27
The Mathematics Digital Library (mathematics-dl.org)
28