A

LAB REPORT
ON
PYSCHROMETRIC LAB

MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JAIPUR

Submitted to Submitted by
Dr. Jyotirmay Mathur Himanshu Saini
Suneel Kumar Jangid
1. Introduction:In order to study the performance characteristics of a split air
conditioner, we are using two-unit system in which one of them is indoor unit and another
one is outdoor unit. IS standard 1391(part 2) is used to determine the performance
characteristics of split air conditioner.The whole experiment was conducted in a well-
insulated room known as psychrometric chamber. In this present experiment, the indoor
unit was at 270C and outdoor unit was at 400C.

2. IS 1391(part 2): This standard prescribes the constructional and performance

requirements of split air conditioners, the test conditions and the corresponding test
procedures. This standard also specifies the energy labeling requirements for single-phase
split and unitary air conditioners of the vapor compression type for household use up to a
rated cooling capacity of 11 kW. The standard describes requirements for construction
w.r.t strength, rigidity, handling, transport and usage of the air conditioners.

In particular, this scheme specifies the following:

 Rated power (input).
 Rated capacity (output).
 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) for cooling.
 Star rating.
 Some of the requirements for energy label validity.
 The performance criteria for energy labeling validity.
 Test report format.
 Printing requirements for air conditioner appliance energy labels.

Exclusions of IS 1391 are as follows:

 Air conditioners, which are not included within the scope of IS 1391 Part 1 and Part 2,
pending the development of a suitable test method.
 Multi-split systems (i.e., those having more than one indoor unit with an independent
control for each indoor unit)
 Evaporative coolers or any other cooling systems that are not of the vapor
compression type.

3. Some important terms

3.1 Psychometry: It is the branch of science, which deals with the study of properties of
moist air.

3.2 Moist air: Moist air is a mixture of dry air and water vapor.

3.3 Atmospheric air: The air, which contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
vapor, other gases, and miscellaneous contaminants such as dust, pollen, and smoke.
This is the air we breathe and use for ventilation.
3.4 Dry air: When all of the contaminants and water vapor have been removed from
atmospheric air, we get dry air. By volume, dry air contains about 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, and 1 % other gases. Dry air is used as the reference in psychometry.

3.5 Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT): The actual temperature of gas or mixture of gases
indicated by an error-free temperature-measuring device.

3.6 Wet bulb Temperature (WBT):It is the temperature obtained by an accurate

thermometer having a wick moistened with distilled water.

3.7 Dew point Temperature (DPT): It is the temperature at which the liquid droplets
just appear when the moist air is cooled continuously.

3.8 Humidity: It is the mass of water vapor present in 1 kg of dry air, and is generally
expressed in terms of gram per kg of dry air (g / kg of dry air). It is also called
specific humidity or humidity ratio.

3.9 Degree of saturation: It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapor in a unit mass of
dry air to the mass of water vapor in the same mass of dry air when it is saturated at
the same temperature.

3.10 Relative humidity:It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapor in a given volume of
moist air to the mass of water vapor in the same volume of saturated air at the same
temperature and pressure. It is briefly written as RH.

3.11 Air Conditioner:It is a complex mechanical system, which has mainly 4

components as compressor, condenser, expansion device and evaporator. In summer,
the air conditioner process the room air to be cool and dehumidified. Thus, the
temperature of room air is below the outside temperature and the excess amount of
water is removed from the room space. The psychrometric process followed by an air
conditioner on psychrometric chart isshown below

Figure: Cooling and Dehumidification Process on Psychrometric Chart

4. Split Air Conditioner: A split air conditioner consists of two main units, the outdoor
unit and the indoor unit. The indoor unit is installed on or near the wall outside of the room
or space that you wish to cool. While the outdoor unit comprises of the compressor,
condenser and the expansion valve, the indoor unit houses the evaporator or cooling coil
and the cooling fan. A split air conditioner does not require major installation work
because it does not require ductwork. Rather, the indoor and outdoor units are connected
with a set of electrical wires and tubing. It is often adds to the aesthetic appeal of a room.
Another benefit of a split air conditioner system is that we can opt for a multi-split system,
where we can have more than one indoor unit connected to a single outdoor unit. This
makes it easy to cool multiple rooms or maintain the temperature throughout a large room
with two indoor cooling units. A split air conditioner is an efficient and cost-effective way
to cool your home. It should be noted that the initial cost of this kind of air conditioning
unit is significantly higher than a window air-conditioner and it does require professional
installation.

Figure: Image of Split AC Indoor Unit

4.1 Cooling Capacity test Conditions

Room Air Temperature

Dry Bulb Temperature 27°C

Wet Bulb Temperature 19°C

Outside Air Temperature

Dry Bulb Temperature 35°C

Wet Bulb Temperature 24°C

4.2 Maximum Operating Test Conditions

Room Air Temperature

Dry Bulb Temperature 35°C

Wet Bulb Temperature 24°C

Outside Air Temperature

Dry Bulb Temperature 46°C

Wet Bulb Temperature 27°C

4.3 Star Rating of Split Air Conditioner

From Jan 1, 2018 to Dec. 31, 2019

Energy Efficiency Ratio (watt/watt)

Star Level Minimum Maximum

3.1 3.29

3.3 3.49

3.5 3.99

4.0 4.49

4.5
5. Objective: To determine the coefficient of performance of split air conditioner at
different load conditions.

Equipment’s
RTD Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs): Resistance temperature detectors are
sensors used to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire
wrapped around a ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used. Common
RTD sensing elements constructed of platinum, copper or nickel have a repeatable
resistance versus temperature relationship (Rvs.T) and operating temperature range. The
Rvs.T relationship is defined as the amount of resistance change of the sensor per degree
of temperature change. Platinum is the best metal for RTDs due to its very linear
resistance–temperature relationship, highly repeatable over a wide temperature range. The
unique properties of platinum make it the material of choice for temperature standards
over the range of −272.5 °C to 961.78 °C.The three main categories of RTD sensors are
thin-film, wire-wound, and coiled elements. While these types are the ones most widely
used in industry, other more exotic shapes are used; for example, carbon resistors are used
at ultra-low temperatures (−173 °C to −273 °C)Carbon resistor elementsare cheap and
widely used. They have very reproducible results at low temperatures. They are the most
reliable form at extremely low temperatures.

RTD

Figure: Image of Split AC Indoor Unit With RTD

Chiller: A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or
absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to
cool equipment, or another process stream (such as air or process water). As a necessary by
product, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be exhausted to ambience, or for greater
efficiency, recovered for heating purposes.

Chilled water is used to cool and dehumidify air in mid- to large-size commercial, industrial,
and institutional facilities. Water chillers can be water-cooled, air-cooled, or evaporative
cooled. Water-cooled systems can provide efficiency and environmental impact advantages
over air-cooled systems.
Use in air conditioning: In air conditioning systems, chilled water is typically distributed to
heat exchangers, or coils, in air handlers or other types of terminal devices which cool the air
in their respective space.

Figure: Image of Chiller

The water is then recirculating to the chiller to be re-cooled.These cooling coils transfer
sensible heat and latent heat from the air to the chilled water, thus cooling and usually
dehumidifying the air stream. A typical chiller for air conditioning applications is rated
between 15 and 2000 tons, and at least one manufacturer can produce chillers capable of up
to 5,200 tons of cooling.

Air Handling Unit (AHU): The definition of air handling unit from ANSI/AHRI Standard
430-2009 states that it is "A factory-made encased assembly consisting of a fan or fans and
other necessary equipment to perform one or more of the functions of circulating, cleaning,
heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying and mixing of air.

The AHU is used to control the following parameters of the space.

 Temperature
 Humidity
 Air Movement
 Air Cleanliness
 Some AHU components shown are
 Supply duct
 Fan compartment
 Vibration isolator

 Heating and/or cooling coil

 Filter compartment
 Mixed (re-circulated + outside) air duct
 Figure: An Air Handling Unit

Where (1) is the supply air (2) fan section, (3) vibration isolator, (4) cooling coil, (5)
filter and (6) mixed air duct

Data Logger (34972A Data Acquisition/Switch Unit): The 34972A is designed for indoor
use and in an area with low condensation.The table below shows the general environmental
requirements for this instrument.

Environment condition Requirement

Temperature Operating condition -0℃ to 55℃

Humidity Operating condition– 20% to 80%

RH at 40°C or less (non-
condensing)

Altitude Up to 2000 m

Pollution degree 2

Flexible Data Acquisition/Switching Features

 6½-digit multimeter accuracy, stability, and noise rejection
 Up to 60 channels per instrument (120 single-ended channels)
 Reading rates up to 500 readings per second on a single channel and scan rates up to
250 channels per second
 Choice of multiplexing, matrix, general-purpose Form C switching, RF
 switching, digital I/O, totalize, and 16-bit analog output functions
 SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) compatibility
 Figure: Image Data Ana logger

Observation Table at 3 kW Cooling Load

Sr. No Indoor Unit Outdoor Unit Temperature
Temperature (0C)
(0C)
1. 21.253 21.174 29.155 29.192 30.579
2. 21.719 21.468 28.633 29.219 30.808
3. 21.78 21.445 28.683 29.172 30.763
4. 21.732 21.47 28.61 29.317 30.653
5. 21.272 21.189 28.997 29.235 30.759
6. 21.672 21.435 29.17 29.259 30.72
7. 21.75 21.504 28.881 29.292 30.77
8. 21.003 20.444 29.183 29.341 30.394
9. 20.231 20.162 29.617 29.165 30.52
10. 18.872 18.67 28.924 29.084 30.426
11. 18.69 18.584 28.17 28.703 29.883
12. 18.237 18.039 28.398 28.801 29.766
13. 18.366 18.165 28.643 28.618 30.065
14. 18.034 17.8 27.791 28.406 29.515
15. 18.564 18.328 27.869 28.3 29.371
16. 17.88 17.711 27.97 28.418 29.701
17. 17.974 17.838 27.998 28.348 29.487
18. 17.904 17.721 28.074 28.138 29.694
19. 18.043 17.811 27.788 28.337 29.651
20. 17.639 17.419 27.534 28.14 29.361
 Calculation Table for 3 KW Load
Sr. Average Indoor Average Temperature Heat Power COP
No Unit Outdoor Unit Difference Supplied Input
Temperature Temperature (0C) (W) (W)
(0C) (0C)
1. 21.2135 29.642 8.4285 2032.954 644 3.156761
2. 21.5935 29.55333 7.959833 1919.912 614 3.126892
3. 21.6125 29.53933 7.926833 1911.952 642 2.978119
4. 21.601 29.52667 7.925667 1911.671 648 2.950109
5. 21.2305 29.66367 8.433167 2034.08 652 3.119754
6. 21.5535 29.71633 8.162833 1968.875 618 3.185883
7. 21.627 29.64767 8.020667 1934.585 750 2.579446
8. 20.7235 29.63933 8.915833 2150.499 908 2.368391
9. 20.1965 29.76733 9.570833 2308.485 1166 1.979833
10. 18.771 29.478 10.707 2582.528 1178 2.192299
11. 18.637 28.91867 10.28167 2479.938 1150 2.156468
12. 18.138 28.98833 10.85033 2617.1 1102 2.374864
13. 18.2655 29.10867 10.84317 2615.372 1134 2.306324
14. 17.917 28.57067 10.65367 2569.664 980 2.622107
15. 18.446 28.51333 10.06733 2428.241 1114 2.179749
16. 17.7955 28.69633 10.90083 2629.281 1116 2.355987
17. 17.906 28.611 10.705 2582.046 1118 2.309522
18. 17.8125 28.63533 10.82283 2.610467 1064 2.453447
19. 17.927 28.592 10.665 2.572398 1154 2.229114
20. 17.529 28.345 10.816 2.608819 962 2.71187
 Observation Table at 3.5 kW Cooling Load

Sr. No Indoor Unit Outdoor Unit Temperature

Temperature (0C)
(0C)
1. 19.229 19.195 28.563 28.777 30.585
2. 19.139 18.914 29.076 28.945 30.662
3. 19.092 19.027 28.599 29.031 30.691
4. 18.575 18.561 28.739 28.957 30.74
5. 18.462 18.32 29.15 28.95 30.7
6. 17.822 17.639 28.406 28.81 30.491
7. 17.528 17.386 28.153 28.678 30.359
8. 17.295 17.243 28.372 28.687 30.319
9. 17.021 16.864 28.643 28.296 30.317
10. 16.913 16.828 28.247 28.537 30.117
11. 17.461 17.561 27.979 28.419 30.166
12. 18.258 18.237 28.507 28.431 30.198
13. 18.499 18.422 28.718 28.639 30.48
14. 18.64 18.568 28.509 28.757 30.472
15. 18.807 18.648 28.27 28.808 30.579
16. 18.035 17.932 28.754 28.809 30.589
17. 18.121 18.124 28.642 28.629 30.391
18. 18.521 18.406 28.57 28.734 30.519
19. 18.29 18.2 28.303 28.837 30.453
20. 18.848 18.629 28.51 28.849 30.626
 Calculation Table for 3.5 KW Load
Sr. Average Indoor Average Temperature Heat Power COP
No Unit Outdoor Unit Difference Supplied Input
Temperature Temperature (0C) (W) (W)
(0C) (0C)
1. 19.212 29.30833 10.09633 2435.236 294 8.283114
2. 19.0265 29.561 10.5345 2540.921 460 5.523742
3. 19.0595 29.44033 10.38083 2503.857 474 5.282399
4. 18.568 29.47867 10.91067 2631.653 466 5.647324
5. 18.391 29.6 11.209 2703.611 478 5.65609
6. 17.7305 29.23567 11.50517 2775.046 816 3.400792
7. 17.457 29.06333 11.60633 2799.448 1110 2.522025
8. 17.269 29.126 11.857 2859.908 1488 1.921981
9. 16.9425 29.08533 12.14283 2928.851 1974 1.483714
10. 16.8705 28.967 12.0965 2917.676 1806 1.615546
11. 17.511 28.85467 11.34367 2736.092 1554 1.760677
12. 18.2475 29.04533 10.79783 2604.437 1344 1.937825
13. 18.4605 29.279 10.8185 2609.422 1036 2.518747
14. 18.604 29.246 10.642 2566.85 808 3.176795
15. 18.7275 29.219 10.4915 2530.55 688 3.678125
16. 17.9835 29.384 11.4005 2749.801 654 4.204588
17. 18.1225 29.22067 11.09817 2676.878 622 4.303662
18. 18.4635 29.27433 10.81083 2607.573 630 4.139005
19. 18.245 29.19767 10.95267 2641.783 630 4.193307
20. 18.7385 29.32833 10.58983 2554.268 630 4.054393