VIDYA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

IV B.TECH I SEM (R13)
ESTIMATION & COSTING UNIT WISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

UNIT – 1
(A).

1. State the requirements of an estimate?

2. Briefly explain need for estimation?
3. What is work charged establishment?
4. List the difference between centre line method and long wall – short wall method of taking out measurements.
5. What are the rules to be followed while taking the measurements?
6. Mention the units for the following items.
a) Flooring. b) R.R. Masonry. C) Plastering for pointing. d) Damp proof course. e) R.C. sunshade.
7. List the factors to be considered while preparing detailed estimate and explain briefly?
8. What are the difference between plinth area method and unit base method?
9. List the requirements of data preparation.
10. What are the methods of preparation of approximate estimates and explain briefly.
11. Estimate the quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4m long, 3m high and 30cm thick. Calculate
also the cost if the rate of brickwork is Rs. 320/- per cum & of plastering is Rs. 8.50/- per sq. m.
12. Write down the detailed specifications of the following items of works. (a) Earth work in excavation in foundation.
(b) I class brickwork.
13. Estimate the quantities of the following items of a two roomed building from the given plan and section by using
long-wall and short-wall method. (a) Earthwork in excavation in foundation, (b) Lime concrete in foundation, (c) 1 st
class brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth, (d) 2.5cm c.c damp proof course, and (d) 1st class
brickwork in lime mortar in superstructure.
14. The internal dimension of a single room building is 5.75*3.75m. Find the centre line length ofa room & parapet. If
the wall thickness of room & parapet are 300mm & 250mm respectively.
15. The internal dimension of a single room is 6.25*4.25m. Find the quantity of sand filling in basement. If the height&
thickness of basement are 750mm & 450mm respectively. The wall thickness of room is 230mm.
16. Explain the following main items of works, earth work, soling, concrete in foundation.
17. Tabulate the unit principles for various items of work.
18. Explain various methods of approximate estimation for buildings.
19. What are the methods of preparation of approximate estimates and explain briefly.
20. Estimate the quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4m long, 3m high and 30cm thick.
Calculate also the cost if the rate of brickwork is Rs. 320/- per cum & of plastering is Rs. 8.50/- per sq. m.

(B).

1. Write down a note on the following main items of works. (a) Earth work. (b) Concrete in foundation. (c) Masonry.
(d) Flooring and Roofing. (e) Plastering and Pointing.
2. Explain about the principles of Units for various items of work.
3. Write down a note on the following main items of works. (a) Soling. (b) Damp Proof Course. (c) R.C.C & R.B.
Works. (d) Doors and Windows. (e) Iron Work.
4. Elaborate and explain on what factors the degree of accuracy in estimating is to be observed.
5. Write a note on detailed estimate and its stages of estimation.
 UNIT – 2
(A).

1. Calculate the quantity of earthwork for 200 meter length for a portion of a road in a uniform ground the heights of
banks at the two ends being 1.00 m and 1.60 m. The formation width is 10 meters and side slopes 2:1 (H: V).
Assume that there is no transverse slope.
2. Calculate the area of the side slopes of a portion of a bank for a length of 200 m, the heights of bank at the two
ends being 2.50 & 3.50 m and the ratio of the side slope is 2:1
3. If the side slopes are to be provided with 15 cm thick stone pitching, calculate the cost of pitching at the rate of Rs.
150 /- per cu.m.
4. Explain how you estimate the earthwork in canals for the following three cases of canals cross section. (a) Fully in
excavation. (b) Partly in Excavation and Partly in Embankment. (c) Fully in embankment
5. Derive the Prismoidal formula method.
6. Define lead and lift.
7. What are the various methods for the calculation of quantity of earth work?
8. Calculate the quantity of earthwork for 90 meter length for a portion of a road in a uniform ground the heights of
banks at the two ends being 2.40 m and 1.80 m. The formation width is 8 meters and side slopes 2:1 (H: V).
Assume that there is no transverse slope.
9. Find the earthwork in embankment between 5/2 Km to 5/5km of the proposed road whose c/s is given below.
10. State the following formulae with usual notation.
a) Prismoidal formula.
b) Trapezoidal formula.
11. Prepare approximate estimate of a building using following data. i. Proposed area of the buildings 140 sq.m. ii.
Similar type of building is recently constructed in nearby locality having built up area 100 sq.m. and the total cost of
that construction is Rs.12 lakh
12. State the rules of deductions as per IS 1200 for
i) Masonry work in superstructure
ii) ii) Plastering
13. Describe the procedure for calculating approximate estimate of a highway project.
14. Prepare approximate estimate of a bridge having 8 spans of 50m each using following data. i) Cost of existing
recently built bridge= Rs1000 lakh ii) Existing bridge is having 5 spans 0f 60 m each.
15. Prepare approximate estimate for small residential building using following details.
S.No. Room Size Number
1Drawing Hall 4.5m x 5.5m 1
2Bedroom 3.0m x 3.6m 2
3Kitchen 3.0m x 3.3m 1
4Toilet blocks 2.6m x 3.0m 1
Plinth area rate is Rs. 6500/m2
16. Draw standard format of measurement sheet and abstract sheet.
17. Work out quantities of earth work for a section of a percolation tank as given in the table. Formation
level=112.0,Top Width = 5.0m, Side Slope = 2:1
Chainage in meter 0 30 60 90 120 150
G.L. in meter 110 109 109.7 108.7 109.8 109.8
18. Given data
Chainage in meter 0 20 40 60 80 100
G. L. in Meter 101.50 101.00 99.00 98.00 98.50 99.50
R. L. of formation level =100.00 m, Top width = 10 m, Side slope is 2:1(H:V) on both sides. Calculate the
quantity of earthwork for road using mid sectional area method.
19. Prepare approximate estimate of a bridge having 8 spans of 50m each using following data.
i) Cost of existing recently built bridge= Rs1000 lakh
ii) Existing bridge is having 5 spans 0f 60 m each.
20. What is detailed estimate? Give any two types of detailed estimate.
(B).

1. Derive the basic formula for calculation of quantity of earthwork of road in banking or in cutting with the help of a
neat sketch.
2. Derive the formula for calculation of quantity of earthwork of road in banking or in cutting by Mid-Sectional area
method with the help of a neat sketch and tabular form.
3. Derive the formula for calculation of area of side sloping surface of a road in banking or in cutting and show the
tabular form.

4. Derive the formula for calculation of quantity of earthwork of road in banking or in cutting by Mean Sectional area
method with the help of a neat sketch and tabular form.
5. Derive the formula for calculation of quantity of earthwork of road in banking or in cutting by Prismoidal formula
method with the help of a neat sketch and tabular form.

UNIT – 3
(A).

1. Explain what Analysis of Rate is.

2. Enumerate and Explain about Overhead costs.
3. Describe the factors affecting the rate analysis.
4. Define Task work.
5. Define work charged establishments.
6. Prepare rate analysis for R.C.C M20.
7. Describe the following terms and state the purpose of each i) Contingencies ii) Work charged establishments iii)
Centage charges or departmental charges.
8. Give the market rates for the following materials: 1) Cement bag 2) Steel 3) Brick 4) Teakwood.
9. Prepare rate analysis for P.C.C. (1:3:6)
10. Prepare rate analysis for 12mm thick cement plastering in cement mortar (1:4)
11. Work out the quantity of following items for septic tank having internal size 1.4mx 3.2m and height 1.4m. 1)
Earthwork in excavation. 2) P. C. C. (1:3:6) 15cm thick. 3) B.B. Masonry in cement mortar (1:6) (300mm thick) 4)
M15 slab on septic tank 12cm thick. 5) The top of slab of septic tank is 15cm above G.L.
12. Prepare rate analysis for Lime concrete in foundation with 40mm gauge brick ballast unit 1cu m.
13. Prepare rate analysis for Lime concrete in foundation or floor with 40mm gauge stone ballast, white lime and
sand(1:2:4) unit 1cu m.
14. Prepare rate analysis for Cement concrete 1:5:10. In foundation or floor with brick ballast 40mm gauge – unit 1m3.
15. Prepare rate analysis for Cement concrete 1: 2: 4 – unit 1 cu.m.
16. Prepare rate analysis for R.C.C. work in beams, slabs, etc. 1: 2: 4 – unit 1 cu.m.
17. Prepare rate analysis for 12mm plastering 1:6 – unit 1 sq.m
18. Prepare rate analysis for 12 mm cement plastering in ceiling 1: 3with coarse sand – unit 1 sq.m
19. Prepare rate analysis for Cement pointing 1:2 – unit 1 sq.m
20. Prepare rate analysis for Brick floor 10cm thick cement pointed – unit 1 sq.m

(B).

1. Enumerate the Labor (Mazdoor) required for Earthwork per 28.30cu.m (1000cu.ft) as per national building
organisation.
2. Enumerate the Labor (Mazdoor) required for cement concrete work per 2.83cu.m (100cu.ft) and R.C.C. Work as per
national building organisation.
3. Enumerate the Labor (Mazdoor) required for Stone work and brick work per 2.83cu.m (100cu.ft) as per national
building organisation.
4. Enumerate the Labor (Mazdoor) required for Wood work and Iron work as per national building organisation.
5. Enumerate the Labor (Mazdoor) required for Flooring and Finishing as per national building organisation.

UNIT – 4
(A).

1. Draw some common types of reinforcement bars showing their total length.
2. Explain different types of contracts
3. Explain requirements of contracts
4. What are the merits and demerits of lump sum contract?
5. What are the merits and demerits of item rate contract?
6. What if the contractor argues that the standard of work should taken into account the tender price and lower
standard should be expected if the price is low.
7. What is the contract? What do you mean by contract system?
8. What are the various conditions included in a contract?
9. Compare cost plus contract Vs turn key contract.
10. What are the criteria that ensure validity of a contract?
11. What is the schedule of bars?
12. What are the various elements of construction contract?
13. Classify different types of contract drawings.
14. Draw some common types of reinforcement bars showing their total length.
15. Discuss briefly the general principles for entering into contracts.
16. How is a contractor normally qualified to carry out certain types of work for governments departmental works.
17. The longitudinal section and c/s of a simple beam of a clear span 5m. The thickness of supporting wall is 30 cm.
Work out the total quantity of reinforcement in the beam.
18. Prepare a schedule of reinforcement for R.C.C. beam 35cm×70cm. assume the necessary data.
19. Prepare a schedule of bars for the R.C.C. lintel assuming bearing of a lintel be 15cm. on wall set each side. Weight
of 10mm dia bar is = 0.62kg/m and 6 mm dia bar = 0.22kg/m.
20. Estimate the quantity of rft required for a R.C.C. roof slab 9m×3m and also prepare bar bending schedule. Assume
necessary data.

(B).

1. Illustrate the standard of one hook and cranked bent up bars (for both 450 and 300 cranked) with the help of a neat
diagram.
2. Write a note on development length of reinforcement in tension and compression.
3. Distinguish clearly between Technical sanction and Administration approval.
4. Write short notes on Precedence of contract document.
5. Write short notes on Precedence of Negotiated contract.
 UNIT – 5
(A).

1. Discuss the methods of valuation for lands with buildings.

2. Explain the different types of outgoings
3. write a short notes on gross income and free hold property
4. Explain the terms years purchase and mortgage.
5. What are out goings and different types of outgoings.
6. Differentiate between market value and book value.
7. What is depreciation?
8. Explain the following standard rent and net income.
9. Explain declining balance method of depreciation.
10. What are the different methods used in valuation.
11. Write detailed specifications for painting to steel andiron works.
12. Difference between white lime mortar and kankar lime mortar.
13. Give the details about the life of various compounds of the structure.
14. Write detailed specification for asbestos cement sheet roofing.
15. Explain the process of white washing.
16. Write specifications for workmen ship in RCC and steel structural work.
17. What are the specifications for excavation and damp proof course?
18. Write detailed specifications for brick masonry.
19. Write general specifications for cement concrete in roof terracing.
20. Write short notes on annuity.

(B).

1. What is valuation report and what are the different parts of report.
2. Distinguish between Sinking fund and depreciation.
3. Distinguish between Obsolescence and depreciation.
4. Distinguish between General Specifications and detailed specifications.
5. What are the general specifications of a second class building?