1.

Richards (2002:255), Vocabulary is a core component of language proficiency and

provides much of thebasis for how well learners speak, listen, read, and write.

2. Vocabulary refers to the words we must know to communicate effectively: words in

speaking (expressive vocabulary) and words in listening (receptive vocabulary).

(Neuman&Dwyer, 2009, p. 385)

3. Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be

conveyed.’This is how the linguist David Wilkins summed up the importance of

vocabulary learning. Wilkins in Thornbury (2002: 13)

4. –

5. Language consists of words. Vocabulary is the collection of words that an individual

knows (Linse, 2005: 129)

6. –

7. Nation (2001:9-14)

8. According to Schmitt (1997 : 146) / 81-82

9. Fff
10.

These test items are easy to write and to score, and they make efficient use of testing

time. Multiple-choice items in particular have been commonly used Read (2000:2) /