PERSONALITY DYNAMICS

PERSONALITY = refers to important and relatively stable aspects of behavior.

Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that
determine his characteristics behavior and thought" (Allport, 1961, p. 28).

DYNAMICS = the pattern of change or growth of an object or phenomenon

Two School of Thoughts regarding motivations of human behavior:

1. Humanistic Approach - supported by objective Psychologist and advances the Needs Theory of
Behavior.

2. Psychodynamic Approach - composed of clinicians or subjective psychologist.

THE NEEDS THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION

• This theory states that throughout life, needs (desires, wishes and drives) motivate all. When not fulfill,
these needs place the individual under stress.

• Two kinds of motivation : Extrinsic and Intrinsic.

• The needs that motivate behavior have been enumerated by McDougall & Murray, Herbert Carroll,
Louis Kaplan & Denis Baron.

HERBERT CARROLL

[ ] He subdivided the basic needs into four groups;

• Physical Security

• Emotional Security
• Achievement

• Status

KAPLAN & BARON, et al

[ ] Believed that there are two groups of motivating forces which serve as mainsprings of human
behavior;

• Biological (Organic) Needs - physiological in nature and inherited as part of the organic nature.

• Psychosocial (Learned) Needs - consist of group satisfaction that one learns to want. It refers to the
need for attaining full stature as an independent , self-sufficient individual.

MASLOW & McGREGOR'S HIERARCHY OF MOTIVES

[ ] Arranged the hierarchy of human motives from stronger and lower to weaker and higher.

• Physiological needs

• Safety needs

• Sense of belonging and love needs

• Esteem needs

• Need for self-actualization

• Cognitive needs

• Aesthetic needs

PSYCHODYNAMICS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Psychodynamics = ('motivation to action'), define human behavior in terms of the inner personality of
the inner self (mental personality). This inner personality of the inner self is a system of forces or
network of enery (psychic forces) and makes one act and feel in certain ways by its interplay.

SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939)

[ ] According to Freud, the organization of the total personality depends upon the adequate and
harmonious functioning of the three psychodynamic forces; id, ego, superego.

• ID - operates according to the pleasure principle and occupies the unconscious level of the mind.

• EGO - functions in accordance with the reality principle and operates on the conscious level of the
mind.

• SUPEREGO - functions according to moral principle and operates in all level of the mind (conscience).

EGO IDEAL - the goal-oriented standard set by the superego which the ego is compelled to follow.

PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PERSONALITY FORMATION

• Psychoannalysis believes that the basic life force (libido) strongly influences the unconscious mind of
the chikd's personality.

• Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages.

LOUIS THORPE

[ ] He mentions the three stages of development;

• Infantile stage (from birth to 5-6 years)

A. Oral-etotic stage

B. Anal-erotic stage

C. Genital or phallic stage

• Latent stage (from 6 years to puberty)

• Adolescent period (lasts until the end of teen years)