iPASOLINK VR

Ethernet Functions

June, 2016
Mobile Wireless Solutions Training Center
 VR - Ethernet Ports
iPASOLINK VR10
iPASOLINK VR10 w/ iPASO1000 chassis

2 x GbE 2 x GbE 2 x GbE 2 x GbE F

2 x GbE 2 x GbE 2 x GbE 2 x GbE A
F
4 x GbE N
A Main card 0 MC-MV
4 x GbE N
Main card 0 MC-MV 4 x GbE Main card 1 MC-MV F
4 x GbE Main card 1 MC-MV 4 x GbE 4 x GbE 2 x GbE 2 x GbE A
F
N
A TERM-MV Power 0 Power 1
N
TERM-MV Power 0 Power 1

GbE: Max. 8 Ports 4 xGbE card: Max. 3x4 + 1 x 3(slot12) = 15

XGbE: Max. 2 Ports 2xGbE card: Max. 2 x 10 = 20
Total Max. 35 GbE Ports

iPASOLINK VR4 GbE-A

4 x GbE 4 x GbE 4 x GbE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
XGbE: Main Board Max. 2 ( Ports 7&8) GbE-AV

GbE: Main Board. 8 + 3x 4GbE = Max. 20 ports

iPASOLINK VR2

GbE-2AV

GbE: Max. 6 Ports

Ethernet Packet Format
Tag VLAN is standardized by IEEE802.1q
VLAN tag (4byte) is inserted to Ethernet frame

IFG Preamble Destination Source MAC VLAN Length Data FCS

MAC address tag / typeﾟ
12 Byte 8 Byte address (SA) 46 - 1500byte 4byte
(DA) 6byte 4byte 2byte
6byte

802.1q tag type TCI field

Example: traffic assignment 2byte 2byte Range: 1 - 4094
7 (High) Traffic management (0, 4095 reserved)
6 Voice
5 Video
Priority CFI VLAN-ID
4 Control signal
3bit 1bit 12bit
3 Excellent effort
CoS value
2 Best effort
1 Reserved
IFG: Inter Frame Gap
0 (Low) Background CFI: Canonical Format Indicator
FCS: Frame Check Sequence
TCI: Tag Control Information
TOS: Type Of Service
VLAN Setting (1)– Access Port
Types of VLAN port supported in IEEE 802.1q are named Access, Trunk and Tunnel
How to create Access type (port base) VLAN?

1. Select the port in VLAN assignments and set VLAN Port Type to Access
2. Modem port set to trunk type VLAN

Fm to MSG
A B
Fm to VLAN MSG
A B 11 P1
Access VLAN 11
Fm to MSG
A B
Fm to VLAN MSG
P1(Access 11) A B 11

Modem port Trunk VLAN 11

Fm to VLAN MSG P1
A C x Trunk VLAN 11

Recommendation: To be used for base station with un-tag traffic

VLAN Setting (2) – Trunk Port
Trunk Port type (802.1q) pass VLAN tagged frame and also support un-tag Frames
For un-tag frames port act as Access port

Also support VALN Swapping

Fm to VLAN MSG
Fm to VLAN MSG A B 11
A B 11
Fm to Fm to VLAN MSG
MSG A C 10
A B Fm to VLAN MSG
A C 10
Fm to VLAN MSG
Fm to VLAN MSG Fm to VLAN MSG A C 12
A C 10 A C 12
Modem port Trunk VLAN 10,11,12
Fm to VLAN MSG
A C 20
P1
P1 Trunk VLAN 10,11,12

Trunk VLAN 10,11,12 Fm to VLAN MSG

External VLAN 20 A C 20

Fm to VLAN MSG P2
A C other Trunk VLAN ,12
External VLAN 20
VLAN Setting (3) – Tunnel Port
Tunnel type 801.1q ( Q in Q ) VLAN

ETH port set VLAN port type to tunnel (almost 802.1ad or Q in Q)

Modem port set to trunk port VLAN
All packets will be sent transparently with additional outer tag added on

Fm to VLAN MSG
A B 11

Fm to MSG
A B Fm to VLAN VLAN MSG1 Fm to MSG
A C 11 any A B

Fm to VLAN MSG1 P1
A C any Tunnel Port Fm to VLAN MSG1
VLAN 11 A C any
Modem port Trunk VLAN 11
P2
Tunnel Port
VLAN 11 Fm to VLAN MSG
A B 11

P3
Fm to VLAN VLAN MSG1
Trunk Port
A C 11 any
VLAN 11
VLAN Setting (4) –Modem ports
Modem port is fixed to Trunk mode w/o access port processing

Data 2
Data 2
Data 30 Data 30
Data 20 Data 20
Data 40
Data 10 Data 10
Drop

Modem 1:
Trunk
VLAN 2,10,20,30
Quality of Service
QoS Bit Assignment in Ethernet Frame

1) IP Packet ToS(3bit)

DSCP/Diffserve(6bit) IP ECN Explicit Congestion Notification

Version Header TOS IP address etc.

Length

8bits

To MAC Fm MAC S-Tag C-Tag Type MPLS IP Header IP data FCS

Address Address

2Bytes
CFI: Canonical Format Indicator
VLAN Tag
FCS: Frame Check Sequence
Priority bit CFI VLAN
(CoS) ID
TCI: Tag Control Information
TOS: Type Of Service
3bits COS: Class Of Service
(802.1q CoS) DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point
2) MPLS Packet

MPLS IP Header IP data

Label

3bits
Label TC S TTL
(Exp)
 Mapping Tables

Profile Mapping Table Transparent Mode Mapping table

Incoming Priority Field Incoming Priority Field Incoming Priority Field
Internal Priority Color* Internal Priority Color**
COS /TC DSCP COS /TC
0 0 Green
0 User set value User set value 0…7
1 1 Green
1 User set value User set value 8..15 2 2 Green
2 User set value User set value 16-23 3 3 Green
3 User set value User set value 24-31 4 4 Green
4 User set value User set value 32-39 5 5 Green
6 6 Green
5 User set value User set value 40-47
7 7 Green
6 User set value User set value 48-55
Un tag / not identified Default Green?
7 User set value User set value 56.. 63

Un tag/Not identified Default priority Green? Un tag / Not identified Fixed Mode mapping table
Incoming Priority Field
Internal Priority Color**
Note *: user Color setting green & Yellow only for Port mode COS /TC

Note **: Fixed to Green 0 Default Priority Green

1 Default Priority Green
2 Default Priority Green
3 Default Priority Green
4 Default Priority Green
5 Default Priority Green
6 Default Priority Green
7 Default Priority Green
QoS overview

ETH Port #
Egress Port MODEM Port-1
H QoS
Egress VLAN Port VLAN Priority Egress Class
Translation Shaper Shaper Queues Queues
Egress Port

Ingress Port
Ingress Egress
Port Classification Ingress MODEM Port-2
VLAN queue
Table Profile (map) Policer
Translation mapping Egress Class
Queues
Egress Port
Input frame priority Internal Priority (0-7) Internal Priority (0-7) Class queue (0-3)
(CoS, DSCP, EXP, etc)
Internal 0 Class 0
CoS 0 Internal 0 Internal 1
CoS 1 Internal 1 Internal 2 Class 1
CoS 2 Internal 2 Internal 3
: Internal 3 Internal 4 Class 2
: Internal 4 Internal 5
Internal 5 Internal 6 Class 3
Internal 6 Internal 7
Internal 7

Port Table: Default VALN ID or Default port
priority is assigned untag frames
Ingress VLAN Translation: VLAN ID Changed
to another VLAN ID (VLAN Swapping)
Classification: Classification mapping table
Ingress Policer executed with ingress port + Egress VLAN translation;
VLAN ID + CoS VLAN ID Changed to another
Egress queue mapping; mapping to the egress VLAN ID (VLAN Swapping)
class queues based on internal priority
H-QoS; Priority Queue , VLAN shaper and Port
shaper

MWS-E0022E-01
iPASOLINK VR Ethernet Functions 11
NEC Confidential
Classification

FCS Payload IP Header MPLS Type C-tag S-tag SA DA Port

TC (DSCP) ToS (DSCP) TC (MPLS) 802.1q 802.1ad Ingress Port Internal Priority
DSCP DSCP TC CoS CoS VLAN Port Priority Color
63 63 7 7 7 Default
Higher
62 62 - - - Priority
7
- - - - - - 6
1 1 1 1 1 1
5 Green
0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Yellow
3
2
1
0

Profile Mapping

Classification Marking Policer Switching Shaper

Ingress Processing Egress Processing

 Classification
Equipment Based QoS Mode

FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
CoS=0 Transparent Internal Priority = 0 CoS=0 Internal Priority = 0 CoS=0
Mode
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Internal Priority Mapping
CoS=4 Internal Priority = 4 CoS=4 Internal Priority =4 CoS=4

Port Based QoS Mode

FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA D

FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA 1 Fixed
CoS=0 Cos=7
2 Transparent
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA Mode
Internal Priority Mapping
CoS=4
Internal Priority = 7 CoS=0
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Internal Priority = 4 CoS=4
FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA
A
Internal Priority = 7 CoS=7
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Internal Priority =4 CoS=4

VLAN ID Based QoS Mode

FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
CoS=0
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
CoS=4
FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA
CoS=6
Fixed FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
A Cos=7 Internal Priority = 7 CoS=0 Internal Priority = 7 CoS=7
Fixed
B FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Cos=5
Internal Priority = 5 CoS=4 Internal Priority =5 CoS=5
X Transparent
Mode
FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA
Internal Priority Mapping
Internal Priority = 6 CoS=6 Internal Priority =6 CoS=6

Non-Overwrite Mode Overwrite Mode

 Internal Priority Mapping Type
FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
CoS=0
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
CoS=4
FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA
CoS=6
Internal Priority Mapping
FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
Internal Priority = 0 CoS=0
TRANSPARENT
MODE FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Internal Priority = 4 CoS=4
Same as incoming CoS
FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA
Internal Priority = 6 CoS=6
FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
1 FIXED MODE
Internal Priority = 7 CoS=0
Default Port Priority
2 Port1--CoS=7
Port2 –CoS=3 FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Port3 – CoS=0
3 Internal Priority = 3 CoS=4
(disregard incoming priority) FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA
Internal Priority = 0 CoS=6
Mapping Table
CoS 0 -> Pri 5
. FCS Payload Type C-tag:A SA DA
CoS 4 ->Pri 6. Internal Priority = 5 CoS=0
.
CoS 6 -> Pri 3
FCS Payload Type C-tag:B SA DA
Internal Priority
Mapping Based on Internal Priority = 6 CoS=4
CoS or TC or DSCP
FCS Payload Type C-tag:X SA DA
Internal Priority = 6 CoS=0
Non-Overwrite Mode
Classification -Profile Mapping and color Marking
Equipment Based QoS Profile Mapping 802.1q
Priority Color
Marking Table
CoS 802.1q
Higher
7 CoS
One Map profile based on CoS or DSCP or TC 7
6 7
6
6
- 5 Green
1 4 Yellow -
FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA 3 1
0
2 0 FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA
1
Equipment Based
0 Color Marking fixed Green

IP Header
Port Based QoS Profile Mapping Priority Color 802.1q
DSCP Higher
Up to 16 Map profiles based on CoS or DSCP or TC CoS
63 7
- 7
6
38 4
5 Green
FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA 1 4 Yellow - FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA
0 3 1
2 0
1
Port Based 0 Color Marking user selectable Green or Yellow

802.1q
Priority Color 802.1q
VLAN ID Based QoS Profile Mapping CoS Higher
7 CoS
Up to 16 Map profiles based on CoS 7
6 7
6
6
- 5 Green
-
1 4 Yellow
FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA 3 1 FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA
0
2 0 Color Marking fixed Green
1
VLAN ID Based 0

Classification Marking Policer Switching Shaper

Ingress Processing Egress Processing

POLICING

FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA

FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA

802.1q Marking Table

Priority Color
CoS 802.1q
Higher
7 CoS
7
6 7
6
6
- 5 Green
COLOR
AWARE
1 4 Yellow -
0 3 1
2 0
1 FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA
0
FCS Payload Type C-tag SA DA

Classification Policer

Incoming color Rate <= CIR CIR < Rate <= EIR EIR < Rate
Green Green Yellow Red (Discard)
Yellow Yellow Yellow Red (Discard)

Classification Marking Policer Switching Shaper

Ingress Processing Egress Processing

Operation Administration & Maintenance (OAM)
 Ethernet OAM

To maintain the service availability and quality for the packet networks,
powerful OAM toolset is required.
Provide Fault management by
Ethernet OAM (ITU-T Y.1731 and CFM or IEEE 802.1ag).
Fault Management
– CC (Continuity Check)
– LB (Loop Back) → It corresponds to “ping” in IP.
– LT (Link Trace) → It corresponds to “trace route” in IP.

Provider X
BTS/Node-B Operator A Operator B BSC/RNC

CC

LB

LT
Ethernet OAM

Function Y.1731 802.1ag Mechanism

Connectivity Fault Fault Detection CCM
Management
● ●
Fault verification-Loop back LBM / LBR
● ●
Fault isolation LTM / LTR
● ●

Fault Notification - AIS RDI

●
Performance Frame Loss - CCM, LTM, LTR
Monitor
●
Frame Delay - DM(1 way) DMM, DMR
●

CCM : Continuity Check Message

LBM: Loopback Message
LBR: Loopback Reply
LTM: Link Trace Message
LTR: Link Trace Reply
DM: Delay Measurement
DMM: Delay Measurement Message
DMR: Delay Measurement Reply
Example of the hierarchical Ethernet OAM
Customer Level (MEG level:5-7)

Provider Level (MEG level:3-4) : MEP

Operator Level (MEG level:0-2) : MIP
MEG Operator Level (MEG level:0-2) Operator Level (MEG level:0-2)

Operator Level (MEG level:0-2)

Provider X
Customer Operator A Operator B Operator C Customer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

LB LB

(MEG level:0) (MEG level:0)

(MEG level:2)
CC LT LB
(MEG level:2) (MEG level:2)

CC
(MEG level:4)

LB

CC
(MEG level:7)

Several level can be managed at same time in the same network

ETH-CC (Fault Detection)
1 2
Objectives
3 4
To Establish OAM connections on the Ethernet based
networks.
To understand fault detection by sending and receiving
Legend ETH-CC frames between MEPs periodically
: MEP Operations
: CCM Each MEP transmits ETH-CC frames periodically If MEP
: CCM does not receive any ETH-CC frames for 3.5 times of the
ETH-CC frame transmission interval, it provide alarm
indication loss of connectivity (LOC)
Objectives
To verify the connectivity between multiple equipments
Unicast ETH-LB ： verification between the designated 2
equipment
Multicast ETH-LB： verification the existence of the
nodes in the same MEG
Operations
MEP#1 sends a Unicast ETH-LBM frame to MEP#4
MIP(#2,3) forwards the ETH-LBM frame to the far-end
MEP#4 terminates the ETH-LBM frame and reply a ETH-LBR frame
MEP#1 receive the ETH-LBR frame

1 2 3 4 Objectives
To verify the route status and localization of the fault
Operations
Legend
TTL=n TTL=n- TTL=n-2 MEP#1 sends a ETH-LTM frame to MEP#4
: MEP
TTL=n 1 Each MIP (#2,#3) sends a reply ETH-LTR to MEP#1,
TTL=n-1 : MIP and forwards the ETH-LTM frame with the decreased TTL value to the far-end
TTL=n-2 : LTM MEP#4 terminates the ETH-LTM frame and reply a ETH-LTR frame
: LTR MEP#1 receives the ETH-LTR frames which have the different TTL value.
ETH Function Setting – ETH OAM (1 of 5)
Ethernet OAM (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance)

Maintenance End Point

Maintenance Intermediate Point

Maintenance Entity Group

Expand Provisioning from LCT menu.

Expand ETH Function Setting from Provisioning sub menu.
Select ETH OAM Setting from ETH Function Setting sub menu
Select OAM MEG tab to see the current MEG entries and add MEG
Select OAM MEP tab to see the current MEP entries and add MEP
Select OAM MIP tab to see the current MIP entries and add MIP
ETH Function Setting – ETH OAM (2 of 5)

MEG Index – Index (Serial) No. of the MEG

1 to 128 in the selected NE
Maintenance Domain Name – Unique ID
of MEG and short MA Name
MEG Level – MEG level (0 to 7)
CCM: Enable or disable CCM messages
ETH –CC period – Select the CC period
(time period between CCM)
CCM Priority – Select the priority level for
CC messages (0 to 7)
ETH Function Setting – ETH OAM (3 of 5)

MEP Index – Index (Serial) No. of the MEP 1

to 128 in the selected NE
MEP ID – Unique ID of MEP – 1 to 8191
Item – Choose among Main Board / GbE Port #
Modem (slot #)
Port – Choose the port number
VLAN ID – Choose VLAN tag to be used with
Ethernet OAM messages
MEG Configuration – Select the MEG to be
used for the MEP, select the enable radio button
Peer MEP Configuration – Click the add Peer
MEP and enter the Opposite (peer) MEP ID.

(MEP can be assigned to Modem Ports and

Ether Ports)
ETH Function Setting – ETH OAM (4 of 5)
MEG Configuration - Enable – enables an MEG
MEG Index – Serial Number of MEG (1 to 5)
Maintenance Domain Name – Unique Name for
MEG
Short MA Name – Short Name for MEG)
MEG Level –MEG Level (0 to 7)
ETH-CC Period – Ethernet Continuity Check
Message Period in ms or s
CCM Priority –Priority level for CC Messages

Peer MEP Configuration

Enable
Peer MEP ID (1 to 8191)
ETH Function Setting – ETH OAM (5 of 5)

MIP Index – Index (Serial) No. of the MEP 1 to 32

in the selected NE
MEP Level – select the MEG level (0-7)
Item – Choose among Main Board/GbE card
Port – Choose the port number
VLAN ID – Choose VLAN tag to be used with
Ethernet OAM messages

(only ETHER Ports can be assigned as MIP )

ETH OAM Status information
ETH-OAM LOC – Loss Of Continuity
Detected: No reception of ETH–CC frames from an
associated MEP during the period 3.5 times as long
as the period value set to a MEP in the reception side
Released: Reception of three ETH-CC frames during
the period 3.5 times as long as the period value set to
a MEP in the reception side
ETH-OAM RDI – Remote Defect Indication
Detected: Reception of ETH-CC frames from a MEP
which add the ETH-RDI information to the CC--frames
Released: Reception of ETH-CC frames from a MEP
without ETH-RDI added to the frames
ETH-OAM Mismerge
Detected: Reception of ETH-CC frames which has a
correct MEG level and a MEG ID that is not set to the
MEP in the reception side
Released: during the period 3.5 times as long as the
period set to a MEP in the reception side, receiving an
ETH-CC frame that has the correct MEG level and a
MEG ID that is set to the MEP in the receive side.
ETH-OAM Unexpected MEP
Detected: Reception of ETH-CC frames which has a
correct MEG level and a MEG ID, with an associated
MEP ID that is not set to the MEP in the reception side
Released: during the period 3.5 times as long as the
period set to a MEP in the reception side, receiving an
ETH-CC frame that has the correct MEG level and a
MEG ID and a MEP ID that is set to the MEP in the
receive side.
ETH OAM Testing – Loop Back (LB)
Select ETH OAM LB/LT/DM/LM Control from the Maintenance Test Menu

Select LB or LT or DM or LM from the Type drop down menu.

click Modify Detail Test Parameter icon in the ETH OAM
LB/LT/DM/LM Control window to modify the test parameters

Detail parameter Setting Detail parameter Detail parameter

for Delay Measurement Setting for Link Setting for Loop
Trace Back
ETH OAM Testing – Loop Back (LB)

Select LB (Loop Back) from the Type drop down list

Enter the MEP index of the MEP sending the LB message

Enter the Destination MAC Address (MAC address of MEP or MIP)

Click Modify Detail Test Parameters to change the transmission count,
period etc…
Click OK button to execute the test. LB Result screen show the results
ETH OAM Testing – Link Trace (LT)

Response from MEP

Select LT (Link Trace) from the Type drop down list
Response from MIP
Enter the MEP index of the MEP sending the LB message
Enter the Destination MAC Address (MAC address of MEP)
Click Modify Detail Test Parameters to change the transmission count,
period etc…
Click OK button to execute the test. LT Result screen show the results
ETH OAM Testing – Delay and Loss Measurement
Select DM (Delay Measurement) from the Type
drop down list
Enter the MEP index of the MEP sending the LB
message
Enter the Destination MAC Address (MAC
address of MEP)

Select LM (Loss Measurement) from the Type drop down list

Enter the MEP index of the MEP sending the LB message
Enter the Destination MAC Address (MAC address of MEP)
What is STP/RSTP?
 RSTP (IEEE 802.1w)/ MSTP (IEEE802.1s)
▐ Layer2 based loop-free protection mechanism
l Each device using STP/RSTP send BPDU frames, and root bridge, root port, designated port, backup port and
alternate port are decided by BPDU frame.
▐ Widely used in the enterprise network
▐ Protection Switching Time; STP < 60sec / RSTP < 2~3 sec
▐ Topology is no limitation (Ring, Tree, etc…) Blocking Forwarding
Blocking Forwarding à Forwarding

Failure
Forwarding Forwarding
Forwarding Forwarding

Root Bridge
Root Bridge
Forwarding Forwarding
Forwarding Forwarding à Blocking

• Some topology (instance) can be treated with

same STP network
• The VLANs are divided into some groups MSTI 2
(instances), and blocking port is decided in the VLAN: 201 - 300 Blocking
For MSTI1
each group (instance). Double
• MSTP is based on RSTP (IEEE 802.1w), and can capacity
used RSTP independently in each VLAN Blocking
– Enables load balancing, over a large For MSTI2

number of VLANs Root Bridge

• The restructuring of each VLAN becomes MSTI 1

possible. As a result, the time required to VLAN: 101 - 200
restructure can be shortened.
Ether Ring Protection
G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
▐ Utilizing widely-deployed Ethernet (802.1,3) with OAM (802.1ag/Y.1731)
▐ Loop-free protection mechanism
▐ Protection Switching Time <50ms
▐ Scalable topologies
l Single ring, interconnected rings, and logical rings
l No. of nodes per ring: no limitation in theory(?)
▐ Administrative operation
l Forced switching
l Manual switching
l Revertive/ Non-revertive

Client #1
Signal
ETH-CC Traffic separation
with VLAN Tag

RPL (Ring Protection Link)

Blocked port

Client #2
Signal

RPL (Ring Protection Link)

Blocked port
Multiple instances
▐ Multiple instances per physical ring
l Logical rings can be configured on a physical ring.
l Each logical ring has a group of user VLANs (instances) and a dedicated
APS channel.
l APS protocol runs independently.
• RPL can be placed at a different point respectively
• FDB flush operation is performed per logical ring
• All logical rings shares the monitoring information of
ETH-CC (link layer) and Link Failure (physical layer).

Physical
User VLAN group #1 Instance #1
APS channel #1
(Link Monitoring)
ETH-CC-1
User VLAN group #2 Instance #2
APS channel #2
(Link Monitoring)
ETH-CC-2

User VLAN group #3 Instance #3

APS channel #3
(Link Monitoring)
ETH-CC-3
Radio Aggregation
What’s Radio Aggregation? Packet Layer
What’s Radio Aggregation?
Radio Aggregation Group bundle several radio links to the same destination providing increased
Ethernet bandwidth and high reliability by combining them into one logical link, and to provide
redundancy in case, one of the links fail.

Why Radio Aggregation?

Increased link capacity: the capacity of multiple Radio Links are combined into one logical link.
Higher link availability: If a link within a Radio Aggregation Group fails the traffic is not disrupted
and communication is maintained
Load sharing: Traffic is distributed across multiple Radio links, minimizing the probability that a
single link be overwhelmed.

Radio Aggregation uses Static Link Aggregation

Treat multiple switch ports as one switch port for high-bandwidth connections
A static LAG balances the traffic load across the links in the channel. If a physical link within the
static LAG fails, traffic over the failed link is moved to the remaining links.
The following parameters are considered for distribution of traffic among the bundled
radio links on iPASOLINK
l L2 based l L3 based l MPLS based
• Source MAC Address • Source IP Address • MPLS label
• Destination MAC Address • Destination IP Address
• VLAN ID • Source TCP Port Number
• Ether Type • Destination TCP Port Number
• Port ID of input Ethernet Port
Radio Aggregation (iPASOLINK-400)
MODEM#1
Port-1
Aggregation Aggregation
GRP1 MODEM#2
Group1 Group1 L2SW
MODEM#3
Port-n
MODEM#4

Aggregation MODEM#1
Group1
MODEM#2 Port-1
GRP1
Aggregation MODEM#3 L2SW
Group1
MODEM#4 Port-n

Radio Aggregation supports up to 8 links in one group ( in iPASOLINK-VR10)

Distribution algorithm L2 Base
Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1
Source MAC Address 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1

Destination MAC Address 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Byte2 Byte1
VLAN ID 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Byte2 Byte1
Ether Type 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Byte1 The distribution algorithm is calculated by using the

Port ID 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 first 3 bits of each Byte and XOR them.

Bits Distribution Results LAG

0 1 2 Byte1 Exclusive OR Two Three Four MODEM#1
8 9 10 Byte2 Results modems modems modems
16 17 18 Byte3 Output Modem #
Source MAC
Address 0 (000) 1 1 1 MODEM#2
24 25 26 Byte4
32 33 34 Byte5 1 (001) 2 2 2
40 41 42 Byte6 2 (010) 1 3 3
MODEM#3
0 1 2 Byte1 3 (011) 2 1 4 Port1
8 9 10 Byte2 4 (100) 1 2 1
16 17 18 Byte3 Destination 5 (101) 2 3 2
MODEM#4
MAC 6 (110) 1 1 3
24 25 26 Byte4 Address
32 33 34 Byte5 7 (111) 2 2 4
40 41 42 Byte6
0 1 2 Byte1
VLAN ID
8 9 10 Byte2 The distribution algorithm is calculated by using certain bits of each
0 1 2 Byte1
8 9 10 Byte2
Ether Type parameters. (first 3 bits of each byte) The source address, destination
0 1 2 Byte1 Port No. address, VLAN ID, etc are different values between several streams, the
x x x Exclusive OR results XOR result decide the link to be transmitted.
Distribution algorithm – L3 Base
IPv4
Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1
Source IP Address 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Byte12 Byte11 Byte10 Byte9 Byte8 Byte7

95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47

Byte16 Byte15 Byte14 Byte13

127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96

IPv4
Byte6 Byte5 Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte1
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Destination IP Address
Byte12 Byte11 Byte10 Byte9 Byte8 Byte7
95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47

Byte16 Byte15 Byte14 Byte13

127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96

Byte2 Byte1 Byte2 Byte1

Source TCP Port No. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Destination TCP Port No.

Bits
0 1 2 Byte1
LAG
MODEM#1
8 9 10 Byte2 Distribution Results
Source IP Address
16 17 18 Byte3 Exclusive OR Two Three Four
24 25 26 Byte4 Results modems modems modems MODEM#2
0 1 2 Byte1 Output Modem #
8 9 10 Byte2 Destination IP 0 (000) 1 1 1
16 17 18 Byte3 Address 1 (001) 2 2 2 MODEM#3
Port1
24 25 26 Byte4 2 (010) 1 3 3
0 1 2 Byte1 3 (011) 2 1 4
TCP Source Port MODEM#4
8 9 10 Byte2 4 (100) 1 2 1
0 1 2 Byte1 TCP Destination 5 (101) 2 3 2
8 9 10 Byte2 port 6 (110) 1 1 3
x x x Exclusive OR Results 7 (111) 2 2 4
Distribution algorithm L2 Base
00 00000000 000 Byte1
01 00000001 001 Byte2
02 00000010 010 Byte3 Source MAC
03 00000011 011 Byte4 Address
04 00000100 100 Byte5
05 00000101 101 Byte6
00 00000000 000 Byte1
05 00000101 101 Byte2
06 00000110 110 Byte3 Destination MAC
07 00000111 111 Byte4 Address LAG
MODEM#1
08 00001000 000 Byte5
MAC SA= 00:01:02:03:04:05(hex)
09 00001001 001 Byte6
64H 01100100 100 Byte1 MAC DA= 00:05:06:07:08:09(hex)
VLAN ID MODEM#2
Byte2
VLAN ID= 64(hex)
0800H 00000000 000 Byte1
Ether Type ethertype= 800(hex)
00001000 000 Byte2 MODEM#3
Port1
1 00000001 001 Byte1 Port No.
001 Exclusive OR results
MODEM#4

Distribution Results
Exclusive OR Two Three Four
Results modems modems modems
Output Modem #
0 (000) 1 1 1
1 (001) 2 2 2
2 (010) 1 3 3
3 (011) 2 1 4 (1) Source MAC Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (001) XOR (010) XOR (011) XOR
4 (100) 1 2 1 (100) XOR (101) = 001(bin)
5 (101) 2 3 2 (2) Destination MAC Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (101) XOR (110) XOR (111)
6 (110) 1 1 3 XOR (000) XOR (001) = 101(bin)
7 (111) 2 2 4
(3) VLAN ID XOR Result = (100) = 100(bin)
(4) ethertype XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) = 000(bin)
(5) Source Port Number = 001(bin)
Example of demonstration configuration (L2 based)

LAG (L2 based)

MODEM#1 MODEM#1

Port1 Port1
MODEM#2 MODEM#2

56MHz, 258QAM

Stream-1
Ethernet
Stream-2 Tester

Stream No. Dst MAC Address Src MAC Address VLAN ID ethertype

Stream-1 00:00:00:01:00:02 00:00:00:02:00:01 10 (hex:0A) 0800

Stream-2 00:00:00:01:00:02 00:00:00:01:00:01 10 (hex:0A) 0800

Distribution Output
Result port
Stream-1: 0 (000) MODEM#1

Distribution Result = (011) XOR (011) XOR (010) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 011(bin) è 3(dec) 1 (001) MODEM#2

2 (010) MODEM#1

3 (011) MODEM#2
Stream-2: 4 (100) MODEM#1

Distribution Result = (011) XOR (000) XOR (010) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 000(bin) è 0(dec) 5 (101) MODEM#2

6 (110) MODEM#1

7 (111) MODEM#2
Example of demonstration configuration (L3 based)

LAG (L3 based)

MODEM#1 MODEM#1

Port1 Port1
MODEM#2 MODEM#2

56MHz, 256QAM

Stream-1
Ethernet
Stream-2 Tester

Stream Dst MAC Src MAC VLAN ID Dst IP Address Src IP Address Dst TCP port Src TCP port
No.
Stream-1 Any Any Any 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 80 80
Stream-2 Any Any Any 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.12 80 80

Distribution Output
Result port
Stream-1: 0 (000) MODEM#1

Distribution Result = (010) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) = 010(bin) è 2(dec) 1 (001) MODEM#2

2 (010) MODEM#1

3 (011) MODEM#2
Stream-2: 4 (100) MODEM#1

Distribution Result = (101) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) = 101(bin) è 5(dec) 5 (101) MODEM#2

6 (110) MODEM#1

7 (111) MODEM#2
PRTA （Physical layer Radio Traffic Aggregation）

・Dividing to small packets

・Transmit as normal Ethernet packet after dividing

Link#1

Link#2

Link#3 Re-construction

Divide to small packets Link#4

Link#1

Link#2

Link#3

Link#4
Thank you

This training document describes the current version of the equipment.

The specifications or configuration contained in this document are subject to change
without notice.