Arachidonate is 20:4 ( ) in the shorthand notation for unsaturated fatty acids.

5,8,11,14

What does this mean? Draw the structure.

Why is the membrane structure described as a fluid? How does this relate to the
degree of unsaturation of membrane lipids?
Using stick structures explain how a peptide bond is formed.
All life on earth is carbon based. Our carbon basis allows for the formation of
complex molecules. Pick THREE of the four complex carbon based molecules
(macromolecules) and for each:
a. For each group, discuss the structural components of the molecule group.
b. For each group, discuss two examples of molecules that belong to each of the
groups that you chose. Briefly describe their function.
c. All of these groups of molecules are created from monomers joining to form
polymers. Explain the process that joins these molecules.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

The most active site of protein synthesis is the:

a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Mitochodrion
d. Cell sap

The Golgi complex:

a. Synthesizes proteins
b. Produces ATP
c. Provides a pathway for transporting chemicals
d. Forms glycoproteins

The general formula of monosaccharides is:

a. CnH2nOn
b. C2nH2On
c. CnH2O2n
d. CnH2nO2n

A triose sugar is:

a. Glycerose
b. Ribose
c. Erythrose
d. Fructose

A pentose sugar is:

a. Dihydroxyacetone
b. Ribulose
c. Erythrose
d. Glucose

The number of isomers of glucose is:

 a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 16

Two sugars which differ from one another only in configuration around a single carbon atom
are termed:

a. Epimers
b. Anomers
c. Optical Isomers
d. Stereoisomers

The most important epimer of glucose is:

a. Galactose
b. Fructose
c. Arabinose
d. Xylose

The sugar found in RNA is:

a. Ribose
b. Deoxyribose
c. Ribulose
d. Erythrose

The sugar found in milk is:

a. Galactose
b. Glucose
c. Fructose
d. Lactose

Sucrose consists of:

a. Glucose + glucose
b. Glucose + fructose
c. Glucose + galactose
d. Glucose + mannose

Starch is a:

a. Polysaccharide
b. Monosaccharide
c. Disaccharide
d. None of these

The most abundant carbohydrate found in nature is:

a. Starch
b. Glycogen
c. Cellulose
d. Chitin

Branching occurs in glycogen approximately after every

a. Five glucose units

b. Ten glucose units
c. Fifteen glucose units
d. Twenty glucose units
The optically inactive amino acid is:

a. Glycine
b. Serine
c. Threonine
d. Valine

At neutral pH, a mixture of amino acids in solution would be predominantly:

a. Dipolar ions
b. Nonpolar molecules
c. Positive and monovalent
d. Hydrophobic

An example of polar amino acid is:

a. Alanine
b. Leucine
c. Arginine
d. Valine

An amino acid not found in proteins is:

a. β-Alanine
b. Proline
c. Lysine
d. Histidine

In proteins the α-helix and β-pleated sheet are examples of:

a. Primary structure
b. Secondary structure
c. Tertiary structure
d. Quaternary structure

At the lowest energy level α-helix of polypeptide chain is stabilized:

a. By hydrogen bonds formed between the H of peptide N and the carbonyl O of

the residue
b. Disulphide bonds
c. Non polar bonds
d. Ester bonds

Denaturation of proteins results in:

a. Disruption of primary structure

b. Breakdown of peptide bonds
c. Destruction of hydrogen bonds
d. Irreversible changes in the molecule

At a pH below the isoelectric point, an amino acid exists as:

a. Cation
b. Anion
c. Zwitterion
d. Undissociated molecule

Primary structure of a protein is formed by:

a. Hydrogen bonds
b. Peptide bonds
c. Disulphide bonds
 d. All of these

Which of the following statement about the peptide bond is true?

a. It is a carbon-carbon bond
b. It has cis hydrogen and oxygen groups
c. It is planar
d. It has rotational freedom

Which of the following techniques is used to separate proteins based upon differences in their
mass?

a. Isoelectric focusing
b. Dialysis
c. SDS-gel Electrophoresis
d. Western blotting

Optically active compounds are capable of:

a. Different reactions
b. Rotating plane of polarized light
c. Showing same chemical properties
d. None of these

Side chains of all amino acids contain aromatic rings except:

a. Phenylalanine
b. Alanine
c. Tyrosine
d. Tryptophan

A zymogen is:

a. An intracellular enzyme
b. Serum enzyme
c. A complete extracellular enzyme
d. An inactivated enzyme

Isoelectric pH of an amino acid is that pH at which it has a:

a. Positive charge
b. Negative charge
c. No charge
d. None of these

In mammals, the major fat in adipose tissues is:

a. Phospholipid
b. Cholesterol
c. Sphingolipids
d. Triacylglycerol

The importance of phospholipids as constituent of cell membrane is because they possess:

a. Fatty acids
b. Both polar and nonpolar groups
c. Glycerol
d. Phosphoric acid

Triglycerides are:

a. Heavier than water

b. Major constituents of membranes
 c. Non-polar
d. Hydrophilic

The major storage form of lipids is:

a. Esterified cholesterol
b. Glycerophospholipids
c. Triglycerides
d. Sphingolipids

All the following have 18 carbon atoms except:

a. Linoleic acid
b. Linolenic acid
c. Arachidonic acid
d. Stearic acid

Fischer’s ‘lock and key’ model of the enzyme action implies that:

a. The active site is complementary in shape to that of substance only after interaction
b. The active site is complementary in shape to that of substance
c. Substrates change conformation prior to active site interaction
d. The active site is flexible and adjusts to substrate

From the Lineweaver-Burk plot of Michaelis-Menten equation, Km and Vmax can be

determined when V is the reaction velocity at substrate concentration S, the X-axis
experimental data are expressed as:

a. 1/V
b. V
c. 1/S
d. S

The kinetic effect of purely competitive inhibitor of an enzyme:

a. Increases Km without affecting Vmax

b. Decreases Km without affecting Vmax
c. Increases Vmax without affecting Km
d. Decreases Vmax without affecting Km

In reversible non-competitive enzyme activity inhibition:

a. Inhibitor bears structural resemblance to substrate

b. Inhibitor lowers the maximum velocity attainable with a given amount of
enzyme
c. Km is increased
d. Km is decreased

An example of group transferring coenzyme is:

a. NAD+
b. NADP+
c. FAD
d. CoA

Isoenzymes are:

a. Chemically, immunologically and electrophoretically different forms of an

enzyme
b. Different forms of an enzyme similar in all properties
 c. Catalyzing different reactions
d. Having the same quaternary structures like the enzymes

Factors affecting enzyme activity:

a. Concentration
b. pH
c. Temperature
d. All of the above

Lineweaver – Burk double reciprocal plot is related to:

a. Substrate concentration
b. Enzyme activity
c. Temperature
d. Both (a) and (b)

Characteristic features of active site are:

a. Flexible in nature
b. Site of binding
c. Acidic
d. Both (a) and (b)

An example of enzyme inhibition:

a. Reversible inhibition
b. Irreversible inhibition
c. Allosteric inhibition
d. All of these

Allosteric inhibition is also known as:

a. Competitive inhibition
b. Non-competitive inhibition
c. Feedback inhibition
d. None of these