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 the Rough Guide

japanese
phrasebook

Compiled by

L E X US

w w w. ro u g h g u i d e s . c o m
 Credits
Compiled by Lexus with T. Yahata Hyland and Kumi Liley
Lexus Series Editor: Sally Davies
Rough Guides Reference Director: Andrew Lockett
Rough Guides Series Editor: Mark Ellingham

First edition published in 1998 by Rough Guides Ltd.

Revised in 2001.
This updated edition published in 2006 by
Rough Guides Ltd,
80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL
345 Hudson St, 4th Floor, New York 10014, USA
Email: mail@roughguides.co.uk.
Distributed by the Penguin Group.

Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL

Penguin Putnam, Inc., 375 Hudson Street, NY 10014, USA
Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road,
Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia
Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M4V 1E4
Penguin Group (New Zealand), Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads,
Albany, Auckland, New Zealand

Typeset in Bembo and Helvetica to an original design by Henry Iles.

Printed in Italy by LegoPrint S.p.A
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from
the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in reviews.

© Lexus Ltd 2006

304pp.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 13: 978-1-84353-634-5

ISBN 10: 1-84353-634-X
The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the
accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide
Japanese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility
for any loss or inconvenience sustained by any reader using the
book.
Online information about Rough Guides can be
found at our website www.roughguides.com


 contents
Introduction 5

Basic Phrases 8

Scenarios 13

English - Japanese  31

Japanese - English 178

Japanese - English: Signs and Notices 215

Menu Reader
Food �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 238
Drink �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 258

How the Language Works

Pronunciation �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������� 263
Abbreviations �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������� 263
General; Articles; Nouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������ 264
Pronouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������ 265
Possessives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������� 268
Postpositional Particles �����������������������������������尓������������������������� 269
Verbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������������������� 275
Adjectives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������� 279
Adverbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������������� 282
Word Order; ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ �����������������������������������尓������������������ 283
‘And’ �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 284
Masculine and Feminine Forms of Speech ��������������� 285
Counting �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������������� 286
Dates �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������������������������� 288
Days; Months; Time �����������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 290
Numbers �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������������� 292
Conversion Tables �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��� 294


Introduction

BASICS
T he Rough Guide Japanese dictionary phrasebook is a highly
practical introduction to the contemporary language. Laid
out in clear A-Z style, it uses key-word referencing to lead you
straight to the words and phrases you want – so if you need to
book a room, just look up ‘room’. The Rough Guide gets straight
to the point in every situation, in bars and shops, on trains and
buses, and in hotels and banks.
The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary:

■
English-Japanese then Japanese-English. Before that, there’s a sec-
tion called Basic Phrases and to get you involved in two-way

Introduction
communication, the Rough Guide includes, in this new edition,
a set of Scenario dialogues illustrating questions and responses in
key situations such as renting a car and asking directions. You can
hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides.
com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player.
Forming the heart of the guide, the English-Japanese section
gives easy-to-use transliterations of the Japanese words wherever
pronunciation might be a problem. Throughout this section,
cross-references enable you to pinpoint key facts and phrases,
while asterisked words indicate where further information can
be found in a section at the end of the book called How the
Language Works. This section sets out the fundamental rules of
the language, with plenty of practical examples. You’ll also find
here other essentials like numbers, dates, telling the time and basic
phrases. The Japanese-English section is in two parts: a dictionary,
arranged phonetically, of all the words and phrases you’re likely
to hear (starting with a section of slang and colloquialisms);
then a compilation, arranged by subject, of various signs, labels,
instructions and other basic words you may come across in print or
in public places.
Near the back of the book too the Rough Guide offers an
extensive Menu Reader. Consisting of food and drink sections
(each starting with a list of essential terms), it’s indispensable
whether you’re eating out, stopping for a quick drink, or brows-
ing through a local food market.
!"#$%&'(
tanoshi goryoko o!
have a good trip!

 Basic
Phrases
BASIC PHRASES
yes goodbye (formal)
hai sayonara
NO xyz{|
no (informal)
ie dewa mata
PQR }~¡¢
OK (between friends)
oke ja ne
STUV £¤¥¦
see you later!
ja, mata!
§¨©ª«¬
hello
kon·nichi wa
WXYZ[
(on phone) please (requesting something)
moshi-moshi onegai shimasu
\]^_ ­®¯°±²
good morning yes, please
ohayo gozaimasu hai, onegai shimasu
`abcdefgh ³´µ¶¸¹º»¼
good evening could you please ...?
komban wa ... -te kuremasen ka?
ijklm ½ —¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ
good night (when leaving) thank you
osaki ni arigato
nop ÇÈÉÊË
(when going to bed) thank you very much
oyasuminasai honto ni arigato gozaimasu
qrstuvw !"#$%&'()
*+,-./

8
 BASIC PHRASES
no, thank you sorry?/pardon me?
ie kek·ko desu nante imashita ka?
012345678 pqrstuvwx
9
don’t mention it
do itashimashite
:;<=>?@A I see/I understand
naruhodo
yz{|
I don’t understand
how do you do? wakarimasen
hajimemashite }~¡¢£¤
BCDEFG
do you speak English?
how are you? Eigo o hanasemasu ka?
ogenki desu ka? ¥¦§¨©ª«¬­
HIJKLMN
I don’t speak Japanese
I’m fine, thanks nihon·go wa hanasemasen
okagesama de ®¯°±²³´µ¶
OPQRST
could you speak more slowly?
nice to meet you mot·to yuk·kuri hanashite
hajimemashite kuremasen ka?
UVWXYZ ¸¹º»¼½¾¿À
ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
could you repeat that?
mo ichido it·te kuremasen
excuse me (to get past) ka?
shitsurei shimasu ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ
[\]^_ ÒÓÔÕÖ
excuse me! (to get attention)
chot·to sumimasen!
`abcdefghi
excuse me/sorry
gomen·nasai
jklmno

9
Scenarios
1. Accommodation

Scenarios  Japanese
is there an inexpensive hotel you can recommend?
a yasume no hoteru o shōkai shite kuremasu ka?

zan·nen desu ga, subete yoyaku zumi desu b

I’m sorry, they all seem to be fully booked

can you give me the name of a good middle-range hotel?

a chū gurai no hoteru wa arimasu ka?

sōdesu ne, chūshin bu ga ī desu ka? b

let me have a look; do you want to be in the centre?

if possible
a dekireba

sukoshi hazure demo ī desu ka? b

do you mind being a little way out of town?

not too far out

a amari tōku nai hō ga ī desu

where is it on the map?

a chizu no doko desu ka?

can you write the name and address down?

a namae to jyūsho o kaite kudasai

I’m looking for a room in a private house

a minsyuku o sagashite imasu

I’d like to stay in a ryokan, a Japanese-style hotel

a ryokan ni tomaritai desu

13
 2. Banks
Scenarios  Japanese

bank account ginkō kōza 口座番号

to change money ryōgae shimasu kōza bangō
cheque kogit·te account number
to deposit yokin shimasu
pin number anshō bangō 手数料
pound pondo tesūryō
to withdraw hikidashi masu commission
当座預金
tōza yokin
can you change this into yen?
a yen ni ryōgae shite kudasai current account
貯蓄預金
could I have three 10,000 yen notes, two chochik(u) yokin
5,000 yen notes and five 100 yen coins? savings account
a ichiman en satsu sanmai, gosen en
satsu nimai to hyaku en dama goko 支店コード
kudasai shiten kōdo
sort code
do you have information in English about
opening an account?
a kōza ni tsuite Eigo no setsumē wa
arimasu ka?

hai, don·na kōza ga ī desu ka? b

yes, what sort of account do you want?

I’d like a current account pasupōto o misete kudasai b

a tōza yokin ga ī desu your passport, please

can I use this card to draw some cash?

a kono kādo de genkin ga hikidasemasu ka?

kaikē ni it·te kudasai b

you have to go to the cashier’s desk

I want to transfer this to my account at Nippon Bank

a kore o Nip·pon Ginkō no watashi no kōza ni sōkin shite kudasai

shōchi shimashita, demo denwa ryōkin o itadakimasu b

OK, but we’ll have to charge you for the phonecall

14 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 3. Booking a room

Scenarios  Japanese
shower shawā
telephone in the room heya no denwa
payphone in the lobby kōshūdenwa

do you have any rooms?

a heya wa arimasu ka?

a nanmē sama desu ka? for one/for two

for how many people? a hitori desu/futari desu

a hai, aki beya ga arimasu

yes, we have rooms free

a nanpaku desu ka? just for one night

for how many nights? a hito ban dake desu

how much is it?

a ikura desu ka?

furo tsuki de ichi man en, furo nashi de hassen en desu b

ten thousand yen with bathroom and eight thousand yen without
bathroom

does that include breakfast?

a chōshoku tsuki desu ka?

can I see a room with bathroom?

a furo tsuki no heya o misete kuremasu ka?

ok, I’ll take it

a kore ni shimasu

when do I have to check out?

a chek·ku auto wa nanji desu ka?

is there anywhere I can leave luggage?

a nimotsu okiba wa arimasu ka?

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 15
 4. Car hire
Scenarios  Japanese

automatic o-tomachik·ku
full tank mantan
manual manyuaru
rented car renta kā

I’d like to rent a car

a renta kā o karitainodesu ga

a nan nichi kan desu ka? two days

for how long? a futsuka desu

I’ll take the ...

a…ni shimasu

is that with unlimited mileage? hai b

a sōkō kyori wa musēgen desu ka? it is

menkyo shō o misete kudasai b

can I see your driving licence, please?

sorekara pasupōto mo b
and your passport

is insurance included?
a hoken komi desu ka?

so desu ga, saisho no ichi man en wa jiko futan gaku desu b

yes, but you have to pay the first ten thousand yen

hoshōkin wa ichi man en desu b

can you leave a deposit of ten thousand yen?

and if this office is closed, where do I leave the keys?

a kono ofisu ga shimat·te itara dokoni kī o kaeshimashō ka?

ano hako ni irete kudasai b

you drop them in that box

16 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 5. Communications

Scenarios  Japanese
ADSL modem ADSL modemu
at at·to
dial-up modem daiyaru ap·pu modemu
dot dot·to
Internet intānet·to
mobile (phone) kētai (denwa)
password pasuwādo
telephone socket adaptor denwa soket·to adaputā
wireless hotspot waiyaresu hot·to supot·to

is there an Internet café around here?

a kono chikaku ni intānet·to kafe wa arimasu ka?

can I send email from here?

a koko kara denshi mēru o okuremasu ka?

where’s the at sign on the keyboard?

a kono kībōdo dewa dore ga at·to desu ka?

can you switch this to a UK keyboard?

a UK kībōdo ni henkan dekimasu ka?

can you help me log on?

a rogu in o tetsudat·te kuremasu ka?

I’m not getting a connection, can you help?

a setsuzoku dekimasen, mite kuremasu ka?

where can I get a top-up card for my mobile?

a doko de kētai denwa no top·pu ap·pu kādo o kaemasu ka?

can you put me through to...?

a …ni tsunaide kudasai

zero zero five go

one ichi six roku
two ni seven nana
three san eight hachi
four yon nine kyū

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 17
 6. Directions
Scenarios  Japanese

where? which direction?

doko? dochira no hōgaku?

hi, I’m looking for Shinjuku

a sumimasen, Shinjuku o sagashite imasu

gomen·nasai, shirimasen b
sorry, never heard of it

hi, can you tell me where Shinjuku is?

a sumimasen, Shinjuku wa dochira desu ka?

watashi mo shiranaindesu b
I’m a stranger here too

hi, Shinjuku, do you know where it is?

a sumimasen, Shinjuku wa doko daka wakarimasu ka ?

sono kado b
around the corner

futatsume no shingō o hidari b

left at the second traffic lights

soshite saisho no migi no michi b

then it’s the first street on the right

asoko ni …no mae mot·to saki tōri

over there in front of… further street

chikaku mas·sugu …o sugite ushiro

near mae past the ... back
straight sugu ato wakare michi
hantai gawa ahead just after turn off
opposite
migi(gawa) ni tonari, tsugi
hidari ni on the right next
on the left

18 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 7. Emergencies

Scenarios  Japanese
accident consul fire brigade
jiko ryōjikan shōbōtai
ambulance embassy police
kyūkyūsha taishikan kēsatsu

help!
a tasukete!

can you help me?

a tasukete kudasai

please come with me! it’s really very urgent

a is·sho ni kite kudasai! kinkyū jitai desu

I’ve lost (my keys)

a (kagi) o nakushimashita

(my car) is not working

a (kuruma) ga koshō shimashita

(my purse) has been stolen

a (saifu) ga nusumaremashita

I’ve been mugged

a gōtō ni aimashita

o namae wa? b
what’s your name?

pasupōto o misete kudasai b

I need to see your passport

I’m sorry, all my papers have been stolen

a gomen·nasai, shorui ga zembu nusumaremashita

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 19
 8. Friends
Scenarios  Japanese

hi, how’re you doing?

a kon·nichiwa, o genki desu ka?

hai, anata wa? b

OK, and you?

yeah, fine not bad

a ee, genki desu a waruku arimasen

d’you know Mark?

a Mark-san o go zonji desu ka?

and this is Hannah ee, shit·te imasu b

a kochira wa Han·nah-san desu yeah, we know each other

where do you know each other from?

a doko de o ai ni narimashita ka?

Kenji-san no tokoro de ai mashita b

we met at Kenji’s place

that was some party, eh? saikō b

a yoi pātī deshita ne? the best

are you guys coming for a beer?

a bīru o nomini ikimasen ka?

a īne, ikimashō a īe, Yōko-san to aimasu

cool, let’s go no, I’m meeting Yōko

see you at Luke’s place tonight jyā ne b

a Luke-san no tokoro de konya aimashō see you

20 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 9. Health

Scenarios  Japanese
I’m not feeling very well
a kibun ga suguremasen

can you get a doctor?

a isha o yonde kuremasu ka?

doko ga itai desu ka? b

where does it hurt?

it hurts here
a koko ga itai desu

a itami wa tsuzuite imasu ka? it’s not a constant pain

is the pain constant? a zut·to itaku wa arimasen

can I make an appointment?

a yoyaku wa toremasu ka?

can you give me something for ...?

a …no kusuri o kuremasu ka?

yes, I have insurance

a hai, hoken ni hait·te imasu

antibiotics kōsēbus·shitsu
antiseptic ointment kanōdome nankō
cystitis bōkōen
dentist haisha
diarrhoea geri
doctor isha
hospital byōin
ill byōki
medicine kusuri
painkillers itami dome
pharmacy yak·kyoku
to prescribe shohō suru
thrush kanjida shō

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 21
 10. Language difficulties
Scenarios  Japanese

a few words ikutsu ka no kotoba

interpreter tsūyaku
to translate honyaku suru

anata no kurejit·to kādo wa kyohi saremashita b

your credit card has been refused

what, I don’t understand; do you speak English?

a e? wakarimasen, Eigo o hanasemasu ka?

kore wa mukō desu b

this isn’t valid

could you say that again? slowly

a mō ichido it·te kudasai a yuk·kuri

I understand very little Japanese

a Nihongo wa hotondo hanasemasen

I speak Japanese very badly

a Nihongo wa amari hanasemasen

kono kādo de harau koto wa dekimasen b

you can’t use this card to pay

a wakarimasu ka? sorry, no

do you understand? a gomen·nasai, wakarimasen

is there someone who speaks English?

a dare ka Eigo o hanaseru hito wa imasu ka?

oh, now I understand

a ā, ima wakarimashita

is that ok now?
a dewa, kore de ī desu ka?

22 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 11. Meeting people

Scenarios  Japanese
hello
a kon·nichiwa

kon·nichiwa, watashi wa Kumiko desu b

hello, my name’s Kumiko

Graham, from England, Thirsk

a watashi wa Igirisu no Thirsk kara kita Graham desu

sore wa shirimasen, doko desu ka? b

don’t know that, where is it?

not far from York, in the North; and you?

a hokubu no York no chikaku desu, anata wa?

watashi wa Ōsaka kara kimashita, anata wa kochira dewa o hitori

desu ka? b
I’m from Ōsaka; here by yourself?

no, I’m with my wife and two kids

a īe, tsuma to kodomo futari ga kochira ni imasu

what do you do? kompyūtā kankē desu b

a o shigoto wa? I’m in computers

me too
a watashi mo

here’s my wife now

a kore ga watashi no tsuma desu

hajime mashite b
nice to meet you

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 23
 12. Post offices
Scenarios  Japanese

airmail post card post office stamp

kōkūbin ehagaki yūbinkyoku kit·te

what time does the post office close? syūjitsu wa goji desu b
a yūbinkyoku wa nanji ni shimarimasu ka? five o’clock weekdays

is the post office open on Saturdays? shōgo made b

a Doyōbi ni yūbinkyoku wa aite imasu ka? until midday

I’d like to send this registered to England

a kore o Igirisu ni kakitome de okuritai no desu ga

wakarimashita, san byaku yen desu b

certainly, that will cost 300 yen

and also two stamps for England, please

a sorekara Igirisu e no kit·te o ni mai kudasai

do you have some airmail stickers?

a kōkūbin no sutek·kā wa arimasu ka?

do you have any mail for me?

a watashi e no yūbinbutsu wa arimasu ka?

国内 kokunai domestic
海外/国際 kaigai/kokusai international
書簡 shokan letters
小包 kozutsumi parcels
局留め郵便 kyokudome yūbin poste restante

24 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 13. Restaurants

Scenarios  Japanese
bill kanjō gaki
menu menyū
table tēburu

can we have a non-smoking table?

a kin’en seki o onegai shimasu?

there are two of us there are four of us

a futari desu a yonin desu

what’s this? sakana no is·syu desu b

a korewa nan desu ka? it’s a type of fish

kono tochi no mēbutsu desu b

it’s a local speciality

naka ni dōzo, o mise shimashō b

come inside and I’ll show you

we would like two of these, one of these, and one of those

a kore o futatsu, kore o hitotsu, soshite are o hitotsu kudasai

a o nomimono wa? red wine white wine

and to drink? a aka wain a shiro wain

a beer and two orange juices

a bīru hitotsu to orenji jūsu futatsu

some more bread please

a mot·to pan o kudasai

a ikaga deshita ka? excellent!, very nice!

how was your meal? a saikō! totemo oishikat·ta desu!

a hoka ni wa? just the bill thanks

anything else? a okanjō onegai shimasu

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 25
 14. Shopping
Scenarios  Japanese

nani ka, o sagashi desu ka? b

can I help you?

can I just have a look around? yes, I’m looking for ...
a miru dake desu a hai, …o kaitaino desu ga

how much is this?

a kore wa ikura desu ka?
ni sen en b
two thousand yen

OK, I think I’ll have to leave it; it’s a little too expensive for me
a wakarimashita, yamete okimasu, sukoshi taka sugi masu
kore wa dō desu ka? b
how about this?

can I pay by credit card?

a kurejit·to kādo de haraemasu ka?

it’s too big it’s too small

a ōki sugi masu a chīsa sugi masu

it’s for my son – he’s about this high

a musuko no desu – kore gurai no takasa desu

a hoka ni nani ka? that’s all thanks

will there be anything else? a kore de zembu desu

make it five thousand yen and I’ll take it

a go sen en ni shite kurereba kai masu

fine, I’ll take it

a ī desu, kaimasu

お支払い o shiharai cash desk

閉店 hēten closed
開店 kaiten open
バーゲンセール bāgen sēru sale
取り替える torikaeru to exchange

26 download these scenarios as MP3s from:

 15. Sightseeing

art gallery bijutsukan
bus tour basu tsuā
city centre chūshinbu
closed shimat·te iru
Scenarios  Japanese
guide gaido
museum hakubutsukan
open aite iru

I’m interested in seeing the old town

a kyūshigai ga mitai desu

are there guided tours?

a gaido tsuki no tsuā wa arimasu ka?

mōshiwake arimasen, manseki desu b

I’m sorry, it’s fully booked

how much would you charge to drive us around for four hours?
a yo jikan no kankō doraibu wa ikura desu ka?

can we book tickets for the concert here?

a koko de konsāto no kip·pu o yoyaku dekimasu ka?

a hai, o namae wa? a dono kurejit·to kādo?

yes, in what name? which credit card?

where do we pick up the tickets?

a kip·pu wa doko de moraemasu ka?

iriguchi de uketot·te kudasai b

just pick them up at the entrance

is it open on Sundays?
a Nichiyōbi wa aite imasu ka?

how much is it to get in?

a nūjōryō wa ikura desu ka?

are there reductions for groups of 6?

a roku nin no dantai ni waribiki wa arimasu ka?

that was really impressive!

a totemo yokat·ta desu!

www.roughguides.com/phrasebooks 27
 16. Trains
Scenarios  Japanese

to change trains norikaeru

platform purat·tofōmu
return ōfuku
single katamichi
station eki
stop eki
ticket kip·pu

how much is ...?

a …wa ikura desu ka?

a single, second class to ...

a katamichi hitori, futsūsha, … made

two returns, second class to ...

a ōfuku futari, futsūsha, ... made

for today for tomorrow for next Tuesday

a kyō no a ashita no a raisyū no Kayōbi

Shinkansen wa tokubetsu ryōkin desu b

there’s a supplement for the Bullet Train

zaseki o yoyaku shimasu ka? b

do you want to make a seat reservation?

Okayama de norikaete kudasai b

you have to change at Okayama

what time is the last train to Kyoto?

a Kyoto e no saisyūdensha wa nanji desu ka?

is this seat free?

a kono seki wa aite imasu ka?

excuse me, which station are we at?

a sumimasen, koko wa doko no eki desu ka?

is this where I change for Okayama?

a Okayama e wa koko de norikae desu ka?

28
English
➜
Japanese
 itami

English ➜ Japanese
ache
A
fg
my back aches koshi ga itai
a, an* hitotsu (no) desu
!"#$%& hijklm
about: about 20 ni-ju kurai across: across the road michi
'()*+ no mukogawa
it’s about 5 o’clock goji goro nopqr
,-./ adapter adapta
a film about Japan Nihon ni stuvw
tsuite no eiga address jusho
012345678 xy
above … no ue ni what’s your address?
9:;< gojusho wa?
abroad gaikok de z{|}~
=>? address book jushorok
absorbent cotton das·shimen ¡¢£
@AB

ABCDEFGHIJKLAf
admission charge
accelerator akseru nyujoryo
CDEF ¤¥¦
accept (present) uketorimasu adult otona
GHIJKL §¨
(credit card etc) uketsukemasu advance: in advance mae-
MNOPQR mot·te
accident jiko ©ª«¬
ST aeroplane hikoki
there’s been an accident jiko ­®¯
ga arimashita after … no ato de
UVWXYZ[\ °±²³
accommodation heya after you dozo osaki ni
]^ ´µ¶¸¹º
account koza after lunch chushoku-go ni
_` »¼½¾
accurate seikak (na) after all kek·kyoku
abcde ¿À

31
 gogo GH
English ➜ Japanese
afternoon
ÁÂ AIDS eizu
in the afternoon gogo ni IJK
ÃÄÅ air kuki
this afternoon kyo no gogo LM
ni by air (travel) hikoki de
ÆÇÈÉÊË NOPQ
aftershave afuta-shebu (send) kokubin de
ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ RSTU
aftersun cream afutasan- air-conditioning eya-kon
roshon VWXY
ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛ airmail: by airmail kokubin de
!"# Z[\]
afterwards ato de airmail envelope kokubin-yo
$% futo
again mata ^_`abcde
&' airplane hikoki
against (opposed to) … to fgh
ABCDEFGHIJKLAf

hantai (no) airport kuko

()*+,-. ij
(position) … ni tatekakete to the airport, please kuko
/012345 made, onegai shimasu
age toshi klmnopqrs
6 t
agent dairinin airport bus rimujin-basu
789 uvwxyz
ago mae aisle seat tsurogawa no seki
: {|}~¡
a week ago is·shukan-mae alarm clock mezamashi-
;<=> dokei
an hour ago ichijikan-mae ¢£¤¥¦§
?@AB alcohol arukoru
agree: I agree dokan desu ¨©ª«¬
CDEF alcoholic drink osake
agreement kyotei ­®

32
 … wa min·na <=>?

English ➜ Japanese
all: all the ...
¯°±²³ although it’s expensive takai
all of it sore zembu keredomo
´µ¶¸¹ @ABCDE
all of them zembu altogether zembu de
º»¼ FGHI
that’s all, thanks sore dake always itsumo
desu, domo arigato JKL
½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ am*: I am watashi wa … desu
ÆÇÈÉÊË MNOPQ
allergic: I’m allergic to ... am: at 7am gozen shichiji ni
watashi wa … arerugi desu RSTUV
ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ at 1am gozen ichiji ni
Õ WXYZ[
allowed: is it allowed? i desu amazing (surprising) odoroku-
ka? beki
Ö×ØÙÚÛ \]^_
kek·ko desu (very good) subarashi

ABCDEFGHIJKLAm
all right
ÜÝÞßàá `abcd
(I agree) dokan desu ambulance kyukyusha
!"#$ efg
I’m all right daijobu desu call an ambulance!
%&'() kyukyusha o yonde
are you all right? daijobu kudasai!
desu ka? hijklmnop
*+,-./0 qrs
almost hotondo America Amerika
1234 tuvw
alone hitori American (adj) Amerika (no)
567 xyz{|}~
already mo I’m American watashi wa
89 Amerika-jin desu
also … mo ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©
:; among … no naka de
although … keredomo ª«¬­®

33
 ryo
English ➜ Japanese
amount can we have another room?
¯ betsu no heya wa arimasu
(of money) gak ka?
° ()*+,-./0
amp: a 13-amp fuse 12
jusan-ampeya no hyuz biru o
another beer, please
±²³´µ¶¸¹º» mo hitotsu onegai shimasu
¼ 3456789:;
and* soshite <=>?@A
½¾¿ antibiotics kosei-bus·shitsu
(with nouns) to BCDE
À antihistamine ko-hisutamin-
(at beginning of sentence) zai
sorekara FGHIJKL
ÁÂÃÄ antique: is it an antique? sore
angry okot·ta wa kot·tohin desu ka?
ÅÆÇ MNOPQRST
dobutsu UV
ABCDEFGHIJKLAm

animal
ÈÉ antique shop kot·tohin-ten
ankle ashikubi WXYZ
ÊË antiseptic shodoku-zai
anniversary (wedding) [\]
kek·kon-kinen-bi any: do you have any ...? …o
ÌÍÎÏÐ mot·te imasu ka?
annoy: this man’s annoying ^_`abcde
me kono hito wa watashi o fg
komarasete imasu have you got any bread/
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ cherries? pan/sakuranbo wa
ÚÛÜÝÞ arimasu ka?
annoying iraira suru hijklmnop
ßàáâãä qrstuv
another (different) betsu no sorry, I don’t have any
!" sumimasen, mot·te imasen
(one more) mo hitotsu wxyz{|}~¡
#$%&' ¢£¤¥

34
 dare ka ÔÕ

English ➜ Japanese
anybody
¦§¨ apple rin·go
does anybody speak Ö×Ø
English? dare ka Eigo ga appointment yoyaku
hanasemasu ka? ÙÚ
©ª«¬­®¯°±
²³´ dialogue
there wasn’t anybody there
soko niwa dare mo imasen good morning, how can I
deshita help you? ohayo
µ¶¸¹º»¼½¾ gozaimasu, ikaga
¿ÀÁÂÃ itashimasho?
anything nani ka I’d like to make an
ÄÅ appointment yoyaku o
shitai no desu ga
dialogue what time would you like?
nanji ga yoroshi desu
anything else? hoka ni ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLAp
nani ka? three o’clock sanji ga i
nothing else, thanks hoka desu
niwa nai desu, arigato I’m afraid that’s not
would you like anything to possible, is four o’clock all
drink? nani ka nomimasu right? moshiwake
ka? arimasen ga sanji wa
I don’t want anything, ip·pai desu, yoji dewa
thanks nani mo hoshiku ikaga desu ka?
arimasen, arigato yes, that will be fine hai, i
desu
apart from … igai dewa the name was? onamae o
ÆÇÈÉÊ itadakemasu ka?
apartment apat(o)
ËÌÍÎ apricot anzu
apartment block manshon ÛÜÝ
ÏÐÑÒÓ April Shigatsu
appetizer zensai Þß

35
 desu PQRSTUVW
English ➜ Japanese
are*
àá art bijutsu
you are (sing) anata wa … XY
desu art gallery bijutsu-kan
âãäåæçè Z[\
they are (men/women) karera/ artist geijutsu-ka
kanojotachi wa … desu ]^_
éêëìíîïðñ as: as big as ... … to onaji
òó okisa no
area chiki `abcdefg
ôõ as soon as possible dekiru
area code shigai-kyokuban dake hayaku
ö÷øù hijklmn
arm ude ashtray haizara
úû op
arrange tehai shimasu Asia Ajia
!"#$% qrs
sore Asian (adj) Ajia (no)
ABCDEFGHIJKLAr

will you arrange it for us?

o tehai shite kuremasu ka? tuvwxy
&'()*+,-. (noun) Ajia-jin
/012 z{|}
arrival tochaku ask tanomimasu
34 ~¡¢£
arrive tsukimasu I didn’t ask for this kore wa
5678 tanonde imasen
when do we arrive? itsu ¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬
tsukimasu ka? ­
9:;<=>?@ could you ask him to ...? kare
has my fax arrived yet? ni … yo tanonde
watashi no fak·kus wa kuremasen ka?
todokimashita ka? ®¯°±²³´µ¶
ABCDEFGHI ¸¹º»¼½
JKLMNO kanojo
asleep: she’s asleep
we arrived today kyo wa nemut·te imasu
tsukimashita ¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ

36
 asupirin 23456789:

English ➜ Japanese
aspirin
ÇÈÉÊË ;<=
asthma zensoku automatic (adj) jido (no)
ÌÍÎÏ >?@AB
astonishing odoroku hodo (noun: car) otomachik·ku
(no) CDEFGHIJ
ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ autumn aki
at: at the hotel hoteru de K
×ØÙÚ in the autumn aki ni
at the station eki de LM
ÛÜ avalanche nadare
at six o’clock rokuji ni NOP
ÝÞß avenue odori
at Yukiko’s Yukiko-san no QRS
tokoro de average (not good) heikin-teki
àáâãäåæçè (na)
é TUVWXY
genkin-jido-shiharaiki heikin shite

ABCDEFGHIJKLBa
ATM on average
êëìíîïð Z[\]
attractive miryoku-teki (na) awake: is he awake? kare wa
ñòóôõö okite imasu ka?
August Hachigatsu ^_`abcde
÷ø fg
aunt (one’s own) oba away: go away! at·chi e it·te!
ùú hijklmno
(someone else’s) oba-san is it far away? toi desu ka?
ûüýþ pqrstu
Australia Osutoraria awful hidoi
!"#$%&' vwx
Australian (adj) Osutoraria
(no) B
()*+,-
./01
I’m Australian watashi wa baby akachan
Osutoraria-jin desu yz{|

37
 bebi-fudo badominton
English ➜ Japanese
baby food badminton
}~¡¢£¤ éêëìíî
baby’s bottle honyubin bag kaban
¥¦§¨ ïðñ
baby-sitter bebi-shit·ta (paper bag) fukuro
©ª«¬­®¯ !
back (of body) senaka (carrier bag) biniru-bukuro
°± "#$%&
(back part) ura (handbag) handobag·gu
² '()*+,
at the back ushiro ni baggage nimotsu
³´µ -.
can I have my money back? baggage checkroom
okane o kaeshite tenimotsu-azukari-jo
kuremasen ka? /01234
¶¸¹º»¼½¾¿ baggage claim
ÀÁÂÃ tenimotsu-uketori-jo
modot·te 56789:
ABCDEFGHIJKLBa

to come back
kimasu baker’s pan-ya
ÄÅÆÇÈÉ ;<=
to go back modot·te balcony beranda
ikimasu >?@A
ÊËÌÍÎÏÐ a room with a balcony
backache koshi no itami beranda-tsuki no heya
ÑÒÓÔ BCDEFGHIJ
bacon bekon ball boru
ÕÖ×Ø KLM
bad warui ballpoint pen boru-pen
ÙÚ NOPQR
a bad headache hidoi zutsu bamboo take
ÛÜÝÞß S
not bad mama desu bamboo shoots takenoko
àáâãäå TUVW
badly hidoku banana banana
æçè XYZ

38
band (musical) bando

English ➜ Japanese
with a private bathroom
[\] basu-tsuki no heya
bandage hotai ÆÇÈÉÊËÌ
^_ bath towel basu-taoru
Bandaid® bando-eido ÍÎÏÐÑ
`abcde bathtub yokuso
bank (money) ginko ÒÓ
fg battery (for radio etc)
bank account ginko-koza denchi
hijk ÔÕ
banker’s draft kawase-tegata (for car) bat·teri
lmno !"#$%
bar ba bay wan
pq &
a bar of chocolate be* desu
chokoreto-ba '(
rstuvwxy beach hamabe
toko-ya )*

ABCDEFGHIJKLBe
barber’s
z{ on the beach hamabe de
baseball yakyu +,-
|} bean curd tofu
basket kago ./
~¡ beans mame
(in shop) basuket·to 0
¢£¤¥¦ soya beans daizu
basketball basuket·to-boru 12
§¨©ª«¬­® beard hige
bath ofuro 34
¯°± beautiful (object, painting)
can I have a bath?ofuro ni subarashi
hait·te mo i desu ka? 56789
²³´µ¶¸¹º» (person, view) kirei (na)
¼½¾¿ÀÁ :;<=
bathroom ofuro-ba (building) utsukushi
ÂÃÄÅ >?@

39
 nazenara
English ➜ Japanese
because beginning: at the beginning
ABCD hajime ni
because of ... … no tame ni ¨©ª
EFGHI behind … no ushiro ni
bed (Western-style) bed·do «¬­®¯
JKL behind me watashi no
(Japanese-style) nedoko ushiro ni
MN °±²³´
I’m going to bed now below … no shita ni
sorosoro nemasu µ¶¸¹
OPQRSTU belt beruto
bed and breakfast º»¼
choshoku-tsuki yado bend (in road) kabu
VWXYZ ½¾¿
bedding (Japanese) futon berth (on ship) shindai
[\] ÀÁ
bedroom shinshitsu beside … no soba ni
^_ ÂÃÄÅÆ
ABCDEFGHIJKLBe

beef gyuniku best saiko (no)

`a !"#$%
beer biru better mot·to i
bcd &'()*
two beers, please biru are you feeling better?
futatsu, onegai shimasu kibun wa yoku narimashita
efghijklm ka?
nopq +,-./0123
before … mae ni 456
rst between … no aida ni
begin hajimarimasu 789:
uvwxy beyond … no muko ni
when does it begin? itsu ;<=>?@
hajimarimasu ka? bicycle jitensha
z{|}~¡¢£¤ ABC
beginner shoshinsha big oki
¥¦§ DEF

40
 okisugimasu chot·to takai

English ➜ Japanese
too big a bit expensive
GHIJKL desu
it’s not big enough ±²³´µ¶¸¹
chisasugimasu bite (by insect) mushi-sasare
MNOPQR º»¼½
bikini bikini (by dog) inu no kamikizu
STU ¾¿ÀÁÂ
bill seikyusho bitter (taste etc) nigai
VWX ÃÄÅ
(in restaurant, bar etc) okanjo black kuroi
YZ[ ÆÇ
(US: banknote) shihei blanket mofu
\] ÈÉ
could I have the bill, please? blind me no fujiyu na
okanjo o onegai shimasu hito (no)
^_`abcde ÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
fg ÑÒÓ
gomibako buraindo

ABCDEFGHIJKLBl
bin blinds
hij ÔÕÖ×Ø
bird tori blocked (road, pipe) fusagat·ta
k ÙÚÛÜÝ
birthday tanjobi (sink) tsumat·ta
lmn Þßàá
otanjobi
happy birthday! blond (adj) kimpatsu (no)
omedeto gozaimasu! !"#$%
opqrstuvw blood ketsu·eki
xyz{| &'
biscuit bisuket·to high blood pressure
}~¡¢£ koketsu·atsu
bit: a little bit sukoshi ()*
¤¥¦ blouse burausu
a big bit oki bubun +,-.
§¨©ª« blow-dry buro-dorai
a bit of ... … o sukoshi /01234
¬­®¯° I’d like a cut and blow-dry

41
 kat·to to buro-dorai o yoyaku shitai no desu ga
English ➜ Japanese
onegai shimasu what time would you like it
56789:;<= booked for? nanji ni
>?@ABCDE otorishimasho ka?
blue aoi half past seven shichiji-
FG han ni onegai shimasu
boarding pass tojoken that’s fine o-uke-
HIJ itashimasu
boat boto and your name?
KLM dochirasama desu ka?
(for passengers) fune
N bookshop, bookstore hon-ya
body karada qr
OPQ boot (footwear) butsu
boiled egg yude-tamago stu
RSTUV (of car) toranku
boiled rice gohan vwxy
WXY border (of country) kok·kyo
ABCDEFGHIJKLBl

bone hone z{
Z[ bored: I’m bored taikutsu
bonnet (of car) bon·net·to desu
\]^_` |}~¡
book (noun) hon boring taikutsu (na)
a ¢£¤
(verb) yoyaku shimasu born: I was born in ... (place)
bcdef … de umaremashita
seki o
can I book a seat? ¥¦§¨©ª«¬
yoyaku dekimasu ka? (year) … ni umaremashita
ghijklmn ­®¯°±²³
op borrow karimasu
´µ¶¸
dialogue …o
may I borrow ...?
okarishite mo i desu ka?
I’d like to book a table for ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
two teburu o futari-yo ni ÂÃÄÅÆ

42
 ryoho GHI

English ➜ Japanese
both
ÇÈ boyfriend boi-frendo
bother: sorry to bother you JKLMNOP
otesu o okakeshite bra braja
sumimasen QRSTU
ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ bracelet buresuret·to
ÒÓÔÕÖ VWXYZ[
bottle bin brake (noun) bureki
×Ø \]^_
a bottle of sake sake ip·pon brandy burande
!"# `abcd
bottle-opener sen·nuki bread pan
$%& ef
bottom (of person) oshiri white bread shiro-pan
'( ghi
at the bottom of the ... … no brown bread kuro-pan
soko ni jkl
)*+, zenryuko

ABCDEFGHIJKLBr
wholemeal bread
(hill, mountain) … no fumoto no pan
ni mnopqr
-./012 break (verb) kowashimasu
(road, street) … no tsukiatari stuv
ni …o
I’ve broken the ...
3456789: kowashite shimai-
bowl (porcelain) chawan mashita
;< wxyz{|}~
(wooden) owan ¡¢£
=> I think I’ve broken my wrist
box hako domo tekubi o ot·ta yo
? desu
(wooden) kibako ¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬
@A ­®¯°
box office kip·p-uriba break down kosho shimasu
BCDEF ±²³´µ
boy otoko no ko I’ve broken down kuruma ga

43
 enko shimashita panfret·to
English ➜ Japanese
brochure
¶¸¹º»¼½¾¿ FGHIJK
breakdown kosho broken kowareta
ÀÁ LMN
breakdown service rek·ka-sha (leg etc) hone ga oreta
ÂÃÄÅÆ OPQRS
breakfast choshoku brooch burochi
ÇÈ TUVW
break-in: I’ve had a break-in brother kyodai
dorobo ni hairaremashita XY
ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ (elder: one’s own) ani
ÒÓÔ Z
breast chibusa (someone else’s) oni-san
ÕÖ [\]^
bridge (over river) hashi (younger: one’s own) ototo
× _
brief mijikai (someone else’s) ototo-san
ØÙ `ab
ABCDEFGHIJKLBr

briefcase burifu-kesu brother-in-law giri no kyodai

ÚÛÜÝÞßà cdefg
bright (light etc) akarui (elder: one’s own) giri no ani
!"#$ hijk
(colour) azayaka (na) (someone else’s) giri no
%&'()*+ oni-san
brilliant subarashi lmnopqr
,-./0 (younger: one’s own) giri no
bring mot·te kimasu ototo
12345> stuv
I’ll bring it back later atode (someone else’s) giri no
kaeshi ni kimasu ototo-san
789:;<=> wxyz{|
Britain Eikoku brown cha-iro (no)
?@ }~
British (adj) Eikoku (no) bruise daboku-sho
ABCDE ¡¢£

44
brush (for hair) burashi basu

English ➜ Japanese
bus
¤¥¦ <=
(artist’s) efude what number bus is it to ...?
§¨ …-iki no basu wa namban
(for cleaning) hoki desu ka?
©ª« >?@ABCDE
Buddha hotoke-sama FGHIJK
¬­ when is the next bus to ...?
Buddhism Buk·kyo tsugi no …-iki no basu wa
®¯ nanji desu ka?
Buddhist (adj) Buk·kyo (no) LMNOPQRST
°±²³´ UVWXYZ[
(noun) Buk·kyoto what time is the last bus?
µ¶¸ saishu basu wa nanji desu
buffet car shokudosha ka?
¹º» \]^_`abcd
buggy (for child) uba-guruma ef
¼½¾

ABCDEFGHIJKLBu
building biru dialogue
¿À
bullet train shinkansen does this bus go to ...?
ÁÂÃ kono basu wa …-iki
bunk shindai desu ka?
ÄÅ no, you need a number ...
bureau de change ryogae-jo ie, … ban no basu desu
!"#
burglary oshikomi-goto business shigoto
$%&'() gh
burn (noun) yakedo (company) kaisha
*+, ij
(verb) yakedo shimasu business card meishi
-./012 kl
burnt: this is burnt (food) kore business hotel
wa kogete imasu bijinesu-hoteru
3456789:; mnopqrs

45
 bijinesu-man … ga kaita
English ➜ Japanese
businessman written by ...
tuvwxy àáâãä
business trip shut·cho by the window mado no soba
z{ åæçè
businesswoman kyaria-uman by the sea umi no soba
|}~¡¢£¤¥ éêëì
bus station basu-taminaru by Thursday Moku·yobi
¦§¨©ª«¬ made ni
bus stop basu-tei íîïðñò
­®¯ bye dewa mata
bust basuto !"#$
°±² (between friends) ja ne
busy (restaurant etc) konde iru %&'(
³´µ¶¸
I’m busy tomorrow ashita wa C
isogashi desu
¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
demo cabin (on ship) senshitsu
ABCDEFGHIJKLBu

but
ÂÃ )*
butcher’s niku-ya (in mountains) yamagoya
ÄÅ +,-
butter bata cable car keburu-ka
ÆÇÈ ./0123
button botan café kis·saten
ÉÊË 456
buy kaimasu cake keki
ÌÍÎÏ 789
where can I buy ...? doko de cake shop keki-ya
… ga kaemasu ka? :;<=
ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ× calendar karenda
ØÙÚ >?@AB
by: by car kuruma de lunar calendar kyureki
ÛÜ CD
by bus basu de call (verb: to phone) denwa
ÝÞß shimasu

46
 EFGHI shodo

English ➜ Japanese
calligraphy
kore wa
what’s it called? ËÌ
nan to imasu ka? camcorder bideo-kamera
JKLMNOP ÍÎÏÐÑÒ
QRSTU camera kamera
he/she is called ... ÓÔÕ
kare/kanojo wa … to camera shop kamera-ya
imasu Ö×ØÙ
VWXYZ[\] campsite kyamp-jo
^_` ÚÛÜÝÞ
please call the doctor isha o can kanzume
yonde kudasai ßàá
abcdef a can of beer kan-biru
ghij âãäå
please give me a call at can*: can you ...? …-koto ga
7.30am tomorrow ashita no dekimasu ka?
asa shichi-ji han ni denwa æçèéêëìíî
o kudasai ïð

ABCDEFGHIJKLCa
klmnopqrs … o morat·te
can I have ...?
tuvwxyz mo i desu ka?
please ask him to call me ñòóôõö÷øù
kare ni denwa o kureru yo úûüý
tsutaete kudasai I can’t ... …-koto ga
{|}~¡¢£¤¥ dekimasen
¦§¨©ª«¬­ !"#$%&'()
call back: I’ll call back later *
ato de mata ukagaimasu Canada Kanada
®¯°±²³´µ +,-
¶¸ Canadian (adj) Kanada (no)
(phone back) ato de mata ./0123
denwa shimasu I’m Canadianwatashi wa
¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ Kanada-jin desu
call round: I’ll call round 456789:;
tomorrow ashita ukagaimasu canal un·ga
ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ <=

47
 torikeshimasu chushajo
English ➜ Japanese
cancel car park
>?@ABC ¡¢£
candies kyandi carpet jutan
DEFGHI ¤¥¦§¨
candle rosoku carp streamer koi-nobori
JKLM ©ª«¬­
canoe kanu car rental rentaka
NOP ®¯°±²
canoeing kanuingu carriage (of train) kyakusha
QRSTUV ³´
can-opener kankiri carrier bag biniru-bukuro
WXY µ¶¸¹º
cap (hat) boshi carrot ninjin
Z[\ »¼½¾
(of bottle) futa carry mochimasu
]^ ¿ÀÁÂ
car kuruma carry-cotkeitai-yo
_ bebi-bed·do
ABCDEFGHIJKLCa

by car kuruma de ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË

`a carton pak·ku
card (birthday etc) kado ÌÍÎ
bcd cartoon (film) animeshon
New Year’s card nen·gajo ÏÐÑÒÓÔÕ
efg cash (noun) genkin
here’s my (business) card Ö×
watashi no meishi desu (verb) genkin ni kaemasu
hijklm ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ
cardphone kado-denwa will you cash this for me?
nopqr genkin ni kaete kuremasen
careful chuibukai ka?
stuv !"#$%&'()
be careful! ki o tsukete! *+,-
wxyz{| cash desk kaikei
carp koi ./
}~ cash dispenser

48
genkin-jido-shiharaiki |}

English ➜ Japanese
0123456 centimetre senchi-metoru
cassette kaset·to ~¡¢£¤¥¦
789: central chushin (no)
cassette recorder §¨©ª«
kaset·to-rekoda centre chushin
;<=>?@ABC ¬­
castle shiro how do we get to the city
D centre? hankagai niwa do
casualty department ikimasu ka?
kyukyubyoto ®¯°±²³´µ¶
EFGH ¸¹º»
cat neko cereal konfureku
IJ ¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ
catch tsukamaemasu ceremony shikiten
KLMNO ÃÄ
where do we catch the bus opening ceremony
to ...? …-iki no basu wa kaikaishiki

ABCDEFGHIJKLCh
doko kara dete imasu ka? ÅÆÇ
PQRSTUVWX tea ceremony chakai
YZ[\]^_` ÈÉ
ab certainly tashika ni
Catholic (adj) Katorik·ku (no) ÊËÌÍ
cdefghij certainly not! (that’s wrong)
cauliflower karifurawa zet·tai chigaimasu!
klmnop ÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ
cave hora-ana (refusal) dame desu!
qr ÕÖ×ØÙ
CD shi-di certificate shomeisho
stuvw ÚÛÜ
ceiling tenjo chair isu
xy ÝÞ
cemetery bochi change (verb: replace)
z{ torikaemasu
centigrade ses·shi ßàáâãä

49
 (trains etc) norikaemasu
English ➜ Japanese
changed: to get changed
åæçèéê kigaemasu
(money) kuzushimasu WXYZ[
ëìíîï character (written) kanji
(noun: money) kozeni \]
!" charge (noun) ryokin
can I change this for ..., ^_
please? kore o … to (verb) seikyu shimasu
torikaete kudasai `abcd
#$%&'()*+ charge card kurejit·to-kado
,-./0 efghijkl
where do I change trains? cheap yasui
doko de norikaereba i desu mn
ka? do you have anything
123456789 cheaper? mo sukoshi yasui
:;<=>? no wa arimasu ka?
I don’t have any change opqrstu
kozeni ga arimasen vwxyz{|
ABCDEFGHIJKLCh

@ABCDEFG check (US: noun) kogit·te

can you give me change for a }~¡
1,000-yen note? (bill) seikyusho
sen-en-satsu o kuzushite ¢£¤
kuremasen ka? (in restaurant, bar etc) okanjo
HIJKLMNO ¥¦§
PQRSTUV could I have the check,
please? okanjo o onegai
dialogue shimasu
¨©ª«¬­®¯°
do we have to change check (verb) shirabemasu
(trains)? norikae-nakute ±²³´
wa narimasen ka? could you check the ...? … o
yes, change at Tokyo/no, shirabete kuremasen ka?
it’s a direct train hai, µ¶¸¹º»¼
Tokyo-eki de norikae ½¾¿ÀÁ
desu/ie, chokutsu desu check-in chek·ku-in

50
ÂÃÄÅÆÇ chuin·gam

English ➜ Japanese
chewing gum
check in chek·ku-in shimasu ,-./0123
ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐ chicken (meat) toriniku
where do we have to check in? 45
doko de chek·ku-in chickenpox mizuboso
shinakute wa narimasen ka? 6789:
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ child kodomo
ÚÛÜÝÞßàáâ ;<
ãäå children kodomo-tachi
cheek (on face) ho =>?@
æç child minder komori
cheerio! bai-bai! AB
èéêëì children’s pool kodomo-yo
cheers! (toast) kampai! puru
íîï CDEFGH
cheese chizu children’s portion
ðñò okosama-yo
yak·kyoku IJKL

ABCDEFGHIJKLCh
chemist’s
óô chin ago
cheque kogit·te MN
õö÷ china setomono
cherry sakuranbo OPQR
øùúûü China Chugoku
cherry blossom sakura ST
ý Chinese (adj) Chugoku (no)
cherry tree sakura no ki UVWXY
!"# chips (French fries) furench-frai
chess (Western) chesu Z[\]^_`
$%& (US) poteto-chip·pu
(Japanese) shogi abcdef
'( chocolate chokoreto
chest mune ghijkl
) milk chocolate
chestnut kuri miruku-chokoreto
*+ mnopqrstu

51
 "#$%&'
English ➜ Japanese
plain chocolate
burak·ku-chokoreto city toshi
vwxyz{|}~ ()
¡ city centre hankagai
a hot chocolate kokoa *+,
¢£¤ clean (adj) kirei (na)
choose erabimasu -./012
¥¦§¨ (verb) kirei ni shimasu
chopstick rest hashioki 3456789
©ª«¬ can you clean these for me?
chopsticks hashi kore o kirei ni shite
­® kuremasen ka?
Christmas Kurismasu :;<=>?@AB
¯°±²³ CDEFGHI
merry Christmas! cleaning solution (for contact
Meri-Kurismasu! lenses) kontakuto-renzu-yo
´µ¶¸¹º»¼ kurina
JKLMNOPQR
ABCDEFGHIJKLCh

Christmas Eve
Kurismasu-Ibu STUVW
½¾¿ÀÁÂà cleansing lotion
church kyokai kurenjing-roshon
ÄÅ XYZ[\]^_
cider rin·goshu `ab
ÆÇÈÉ clear tomei (na)
cigar hamaki cdefg
ÊË (obvious) akiraka (na)
cigarette tabako hijklm
ÌÍÎ clever kashikoi
cigarette lighter raita nopq
ÏÐÑÒ client irainin
cinema eiga rst
ÓÔ cliff gake
circle en u
! climbing tozan
(in theatre) barukoni-seki vw

52
clinic shinryojo º»

English ➜ Japanese
xyz cloudy kumori (no)
cloakroom kuroku ¼½¾¿ÀÁ
{|}~ clutch (in car) kurat·chi
clock tokei ÂÃÄÅ
¡¢ coach (bus) chokyori-basu
close (verb) shimarimasu ÆÇÈÉÊ
£¤¥¦§ (on train) kyaksha
ËÌ
dialogue coach station basu-taminaru
ÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ
what time do you close? coach trip basu-ryoko
nanji ni shimarimasu ka? ÔÕÖ×
we close at 8pm on coast kaigan
weekdays, and 6pm on !"
Saturdays heijitsu wa on the coast engan ni
hachiji, Doyobi wa rokji #$%
ni shimarimasu coat (long coat) koto

ABCDEFGHIJKLCo
do you close for lunch? &'(
hiruyasumi wa arimasu (jacket) jaket·to
ka? )*+,-
yes, between 12 and 1pm coathanger han·ga
hai, juniji kara ichiji desu ./01
code (for phoning)
closed (door) shimat·ta shigai-kyokban
¨©ª« 2345
(shop) heiten (no) what’s the (dialling) code for
¬­®¯° Osaka? Osaka no shigai-
cloth (fabric) nunoji kyokban wa namban desu
±² ka?
(for cleaning etc) zokin 6789:;<=
³´µ¶ >?@ABC
clothes (Western) yofuku coffee kohi
¸¹ DEFG
(Japanese) kimono two coffees, please kohi

53
 futatsu, onegai shimasu ²³´µ¶¸¹
English ➜ Japanese
HIJKLMNO comb kushi
PQRSTU º»
coin koka come kimasu
VW ¼½¾
Coke® kola
XYZ dialogue
cold tsumetai
[\] where do you come from?
(weather, person) samui doko kara
^_ iras·shaimashita ka?
I’m cold samui desu I come from Edinburgh
`abc Ejinbara kara kimashita
I have a cold kaze o
hikimashita come back modot·te kimasu
defghijk ¿ÀÁÂÃÄ
collar eri I’ll come back tomorrow
lm mata ashita kimasu
ABCDEFGHIJKLCo

collect atsumemasu ÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌ

nopq come in hairimasu
I’ve come to collect ... …o ÍÎÏÐ
tori ni kimashita comfortable yut·tari shita
rstuvwxyz ÑÒÓÔÕÖ
collect call korekuto-koru comic book man·ga
{|}~¡¢£ ×Ø
college daigaku compact disc
¤¥ kompakuto-disuku
colour iro ÙÚÛÜÝÞßàá
¦ company (business) kaisha
do you have this in other âã
colours? hoka no iro wa compare kurabemasu
arimasu ka? äåæç
§¨©ª«¬­®¯ compartment (on train)
°± koshitsu
colour film kara-firumu !"

54
 kompasu ryojikan

English ➜ Japanese
compass consulate
#$%& efg
complain kujo o imasu contact (verb) renraku
'()*+,- shimasu
complaint kujo hijkl
./ contact lenses
I have a complaint kujo ga kontakuto-renzu
arimasu mnopqrst
0123456 contract keiyaku
completely kanzen ni uv
789 convenient (time) tsugo no i
computer kompyuta wxyz{
:;<=>?@ (location, object) benri (na)
concert konsato |}~¡¢
ABCDE sore wa
that’s not convenient
conditioner (for hair) rinsu tsugo ga yoku arimasen
FGH £¤¥¦§¨©ª«
kondomu ¬­®¯

ABCDEFGHIJKLCo
condom
IJKLM cook (verb) ryori shimasu
conference kaigi °±²³´
NO not cooked han·nama (na)
conference room kaigijo µ¶¸¹º»
PQR cooker renji
confirm kakunin shimasu ¼½¾
STUVW cookie bisuket·to
congratulations! omedeto! ¿ÀÁÂÃ
XYZ[\] cool suzushi
connecting flight ÄÅÆ
setsuzokubin cork koruku
^_` ÇÈÉ
connection (in travelling) corkscrew koruku-nuki
setsuzoku ÊËÌÍÎ
ab corner: on the corner
constipation bempi machikado ni
cd ÏÐÑ

55
 sumi ni TUVWXYZ[\
English ➜ Japanese
in the corner
ÒÓ I couldn’t ... … koto wa
cornflakes konfureku dekimasen deshita
ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚ ]^_`abcde
correct (right) tadashi fgh
ÛÜÝ country (nation) kuni
corridor roka i
!" (countryside) inaka
cosmetics keshohin jkl
#$% countryside inaka
cost (noun) hiyo mno
&' couple: a couple of ...
(verb) hiyo ga kakarimasu … futatsu
()*+,-./ pqrs
how much does it cost? courier gaido
ikura desu ka? tuv
0123456 course kosu
bebi-bed·do wxy
ABCDEFGHIJKLCo

cot
789:;< of course mochiron
cotton momen z{|}
=> of course not mochiron
cotton wool das·shimen chigaimasu
?@A ~¡¢£¤¥¦§
couchette shindai cousin itoko
BC ¨©ª
cough (noun) seki crab kani
DE «¬
cough medicine sekidome cracker (biscuit) kurak·ka
FGHI ­®¯°±
could: could you ...? …-te craft shop min·geihin-ten
kuremasen ka? ²³´µ
JKLMNOPQ crash (noun) shototsu-jiko
RS ¶¸¹º
could I have ...? …o I’ve had a crash
kuremasen ka? shototsu-jiko ni aimashita

56
»¼½¾¿ÀÁ #$%&'(

English ➜ Japanese
ÂÃÄ crockery tojiki
crazy muchu (na) )*+
ÅÆÇÈÉ crossing (by sea) odan
cream kurimu ,-
ÊËÌÍ crossroads jujiro
creche takuji-sho ./0
ÎÏÐ crowd hitogomi
credit card kurejit·to-kado 1234
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×Ø crowded konda
do you take credit cards? 567
kurejit·to-kado wa crown (dental) kuraun
tsukaemasu ka? 89:;
ÙÚÛÜÝÞßàá cruise kokai
âãäå!" <=
crutches matsubazue
dialogue >?@
cry (verb) nakimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLCu
can I pay by credit card? ABCD
kurejit·to-kado de cucumber kyuri
haraemasu ka? EFGH
which card do you want to cup kap·pu
use? doko no kado desu IJK
ka? a cup of ..., please …o
Mastercard/Visa hitotsu kudasai
masuta/biza desu LMNOPQRST
yes, sir hai, oshiharai cupboard oshire
itadakemasu UVWX
what’s the number? (with shelves) todana
ban·go o itadakemasu ka? YZ
and the expiry date? curly kari-hea (no)
yukokigen wa itsu desu [\]^_`
ka? abc
curtains katen
crisps poteto-chip·pu defg

57
 kus·shon kowashite shimaimashita
English ➜ Japanese
cushion
hijkl ÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
floor cushion zabuton ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×
mnop !
custom shukan damn! chikusho!
qr "#$%&'
customer kyaku damp shimet·ta
s ()*+
Customs zeikan dance (noun) dansu
tu ,-.
cut (noun) kirikizu (verb) odorimasu
vwx /0123
(verb) kirimasu would you like to dance?
yz{| odorimasen ka?
I’ve cut myself kit·te 456789:;
shimaimashita dangerous abunai
}~¡¢£¤¥¦§ <=>
naifu-foku-rui Danish (adj) Dem·maku (no)
ABCDEFGHIJKLCu

cutlery
¨©ª«¬­®¯° ?@ABCDEF
cycling saikuringu dark (adj: colour) koi
±²³´µ¶ GH
cyclist saikurisuto (hair) kuroi
¸¹º»¼½ IJ
it’s getting dark kuraku
D nat·te kimashita
KLMNOPQRS
date*: what’s the date today?
daily mainichi (no)
kyo wa nan·nichi desu ka?
¾¿
TUVWXYZ[
damage (verb) kowashimasu
\]
ÀÁÂÃ
let’s make a date for next
damaged kowareta
Monday raishu no
ÄÅÆ
Getsuyobi ni shimasho
I’m sorry, I’ve damaged this
^_`abcd
sumimasen, kore o
efghi

58
daughter (one’s own) musume gokigen·yo!

English ➜ Japanese
have a nice day!
j ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ
(someone else’s) ojo-san day trip higaeri-ryoko
klmn ÇÈÉÊË
daughter-in-law (one’s own) giri dead shinda
no musume ÌÍÎ
opqr deaf mimi ga kikoenai
(someone else’s) giri no ÏÐÑÒÓÔÕ
musume-san deal (business) torihiki
stuvwx Ö×ØÙ
dawn yoake it’s a deal sore de te o
yz{ uchimasho
at dawn yoake ni ÚÛÜÝÞßàá
|}~¡ !"#
day hi death shi
¢ $
the day after sono tsugi no decaffeinated coffee kafein
hi nuki no kohi

ABCDEFGHIJKLDe
£¤¥¦§ %&'()*+
the day after tomorrow ,-./0
as·sat·te December Junigatsu
¨©ª« 123
the day before sono mae no decide kimemasu
hi 4567
¬­®¯° we haven’t decided yet mada
the day before yesterday kimete imasen
ototoi 89:;<=>?@
±²³´ decision ket·tei
every day mainichi AB
µ¶ deck (on ship) dek·ki
all day ichinichi-ju CDE
¸¹º deckchair dek·ki-chea
in two days’ time FGHIJK
futsuka-inai ni deep fukai
»¼½¾¿ LM

59
 mat·taku sono tori no that one ie, sore desu
English ➜ Japanese
definitely
desu here? koko desu ka?
NOPQRSTUV yes hai
WX
definitely not mat·taku dentures ireba
chigaimasu «¬­
YZ[\]^_` deodorant deodoranto
degree do ®¯°±²³
a department bumon
(qualification) gakui ´µ
bc department store depato
delay (noun) okure ¶¸¹º
de departure shup·patsu
deliberately waza to »¼
fgh departure lounge
delicatessen sozai-ya shup·patsu-raunji
ijk ½¾¿ÀÁÂ
totemo oishi bai ni
ABCDEFGHIJKLDe

delicious depend: it depends

lmnopqr yorimasu
deliver haitatsu shimasu ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉ
stuvw it depends on ... … ni
delivery haitatsu yorimasu
xy ÊËÌÍÎÏ
Denmark Den·maku deposit (for bike/boat hire)
z{|}~ hoshokin
dental floss dentaru-furosu ÐÑÒ
¡¢£¤¥¦§ (as part payment) atamakin
dentist haisha ÓÔ
¨©ª description setsumei
ÕÖ
dialogue design dezain
!"#$
it’s this one here koko no dessert dezato
kore desu %&'(
this one? kore desu ka? destination mokutekichi

60
 )*+ OPQ

English ➜ Japanese
develop genzo shimasu diarrhoea geri
,-./0 RS
do you have any medicine for
dialogue diarrhoea? geridome wa
arimasu ka?
could you develop these TUVWXYZ[\
films? kono firumu o ]^
genzo shite kuremasen diary (business etc) techo
ka? _`
yes, certainly hai, genzo (for personal experiences) nik·ki
desu ne ab
when will they be ready? dictionary jisho
itsu dekiagarimasu ka? cd
tomorrow afternoon ashita didn’t* …-masen deshita
no gogo desu efghijkl
how much is the four-hour see not
service? yojikan no die shinimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLDi
sabisu wa ikura desu ka? mnop
diesel dizeru-sha
diabetic (noun) qrstuv
tonyobyo-kanja diet daiet·to
12345 wxyz{
diabetic foods I’m on a diet daiet·to-chu
tonyobyo-kanja-yo desu
shokuhin |}~¡¢£¤¥
6789:;<= I have to follow a special
dial (verb) daiyaru shimasu diet shokuji-seigen ga
>?@ABCD arimasu
dialling code ¦§¨©ª«¬­®
shigai-kyokuban difference chigai
EFGH ¯°
diamond daiyamondo what’s the difference? chigai
IJKLMN wa nan desu ka?
diaper omutsu ±²³´µ¶¸¹

61
 chigau (of department) bucho
English ➜ Japanese
different
º» -.
this one is different kore wa (of company) shacho
chigaimasu /0
¼½¾¿ÀÁ directory enquiries
a different table chigau denwa-ban·go-an·nai
teburu 123456
ÃÄÅÆÇÈ dirt yogore
difficult muzukashi 78
ÉÊËÌÍ dirty kitanai
dining room shokudo 9:
ÎÏ disabled: disabled person
dinner (evening meal) yushoku shintai-shogai-sha
ÐÑ ;<=>?
to have dinner shokuji o is there access for the
shimasu disabled? shintai-shogai-sha
ÒÓÔÕÖ× mo riyo dekimasu ka?
direct (adj) choksetsu (no) @ABCDEFG
ABCDEFGHIJKLDi

ØÙÚÛÜ HIJKLM
is there a direct train? disappear nakunarimasu
chokutsu no densha wa NOPQRS
arimasu ka? it’s disappeared
ÝÞßàáâãä nakunarimashita
åæçè TUVWXYZ
direction hoko disappointed gak·kari sh(i(ta
éê [\]^_`
which direction is it? dot·chi disappointing kitai hazure (no)
no hoko desu ka? abcdefgh
ëìíîïðñò disaster saigai
!" ij
is it in this direction? kono this is a disaster kore wa
hoko desu ka? hidoi desu
#$%&'()* klmnopqr
director (section chief) kacho disco disuko
+, stuv

62
 waribiki memai ga

English ➜ Japanese
discount dizzy: I feel dizzy
wx shimasu
is there a discount? waribiki ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛ
ni narimasu ka? do (verb) shimasu
yz{|}~¡¢£ !"#
disease byoki what shall we do? nani o
¤¥ shimasho ka?
disgusting iya (na) $%&'()*+,
¦§¨©ª how do you do it? doyat·te
dish (meal) ryori surundesu ka?
«¬ -./01234
(plate) sara 5678
­ will you do it for me? soshite
disk (for computer) disuku kuremasen ka?
®¯°± 9:;<=>?@A
disposable diapers/nappies BC
kami-omutsu
²³´µ dialogue

ABCDEFGHIJKLDo
distance kyori
¶¸ how do you do?
in the distance toku ni hajimemashite, dozo
¹º» yoroshiku
district chiho nice to meet you
¼½ o-aidekite ureshides
disturb jama shimasu what do you do? (work)
¾¿ÀÁÂà oshigoto wa nan desu
do not disturb okosanaide ka?
kudasai I’m a teacher, and you?
ÄÅÆÇÈÉ watashi wa kyoshi desu
ÊËÌÍ ga anata wa?
diversion (detour) I’m a student watashi wa
mawari-michi gakusei desu
ÎÏÐ what are you doing
divorced rikon shita tonight? komban wa nani
ÑÒÓÔ o shite imasu ka?

63
 shorui
English ➜ Japanese
we’re going out for a drink, document
do you want to join us? WX
watashitachi wa nomi ni dog inu
ikimasu ga, is·sho ni Y
kimasen ka? doll nin·gyo
Z[
do you want tea? ocha wa domestic flight kokunaisen
ikaga desu ka? \]^
I do, but she doesn’t don’t!* dame!
watashi wa itadakimasu _`a
ga, kanojo niwa kek·ko don’t do that! yoshinasai!
desu bcdefg
see not
doctor isha door doa
DE hi
we need a doctor isha ga (of house: Japanese-style) to
hitsuyo desu j
FGHIJKL sliding door (wooden lattice and
ABCDEFGHIJKLDo

please call a doctor isha o paper) shoji

yonde kudasai kl
MNOPQR (patterned) fusuma
STUV mno
doorman doaman
pqrs
dialogue doorway genkan
tu
where does it hurt?doko double nibai (no)
ga itai desu ka? vw
right here koko desu double bed daburu-bed·do
does that hurt now? kore xyz{|}
wa itai desu ka? double room daburu
yes hai ~¡¢
take this to the chemist double whisky daburu
kore o mot·te kusuri-ya £¤¥
ni ikinasai doughnut donat·tsu

64
¦§¨©ª dream (noun) yume

English ➜ Japanese
down: down here kono shita 6
desu dress (noun) doresu
«¬­®¯ 789
put it down over there soko dressed: to get dressed fuku
ni oite kudasai o kimasu
°±²³´µ :;<=>
¶¸¹º dressing gown gaun
it’s down there on the right ?@A
soko o it·te migi desu drink (noun) nomimono
»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂà BC
it’s further down the road (alcoholic) osake
mot·to saki desu DE
ÄÅÆÇÈÉ (non-alcoholic) seiryo-inryo
downmarket (restaurant etc) FGHI
yasup·poi (verb) nomimasu
ÊËÌÍ JKLM
shita tsumetai

ABCDEFGHIJKLDr
downstairs a cold drink
Î nomimono
dozen ichi-dasu (no) NOPQR
ÏÐÑÒ can I get you a drink?
half a dozen han-das (no) nomimono wa ikaga desu
ÓÔÕÒ ka?
draught beer nama-biru STUVWXYZ
!"#$ [\
draughty: it’s draughty what would you like (to
sukima-kaze ga hairimasu drink)? nani o nomimasu
%&'()*+, ka?
-. ]^_`abcd
drawer hikidashi no thanks, I don’t drink
/01 arigato, demo arukoru wa
drawing e nomimasen
2 efghijklm
dreadful hidoi nopqrst
345 uvw

65
 (wine) karakuchi (no)
English ➜ Japanese
I’ll just have a drink of water
mizu o kudasai $%&'(
xyz{|} dry-cleaner’s kurining-ya
drinking water inryosui )*+,-./
~¡¢ due: he was due to arrive
is this drinking water? kore yesterday kare wa kino
wa inryosui desu ka? tochaku suru hazu deshita
£¤¥¦§¨©ª 012345678
«¬ 9:;<=
drive (verb) unten shimasu when is the train due?
­®¯°± densha wa itsu kuru hazu
we drove here kuruma de desu ka?
kimashita >?@ABCDEF
²³´µ¶¸ GHIJ
I’ll drive you home okut·te dull (pain) zuki-zuki
ikimasu KLMN
¹º»¼½¾¿ (weather) kumori (no)
untenshu OPQRST
ABCDEFGHIJKLDr

driver
ÀÁÂ (uninteresting) tsumaranai
driving licence UVWXY
unten-menkyo-sho dummy (baby’s) oshaburi
ÃÄÅÆÇ Z[\]^
drop: just a drop, please (of during … no aida ni
drink) hon no sukoshi dake _`ab
kudasai dust hokori
ÈÉÊËÌÍÎ cde
ÏÐÑÒ dustbin gomibako
drug (medicine) kusuri fgh
Ó dusty hokorip·poi
drugs (narcotics) mayaku ijklmn
ÔÕ Dutch (adj) Oranda (no)
drunk (adj) yop·parat·ta opqr
Ö×ØÙÚÛ duty-free (goods)
dry (adj) kawaita menzei(hin)
!"# stuvw

66
 Fuk·katsu-sai

English ➜ Japanese
duty-free shop Easter
menzeihin-ten ÕÖ×
xyz{ Eastern (oriental) toyo (no)
duvet kakebuton ØÙÚÛÜ
|}~¡¢ easy yasashi
ÝÞßà
E eat tabemasu
áâãä
we’ve already eaten
each (every) sorezore (no) watashitachi wa mo
£¤¥¦§¨© tabemashita
how much are they each? !"#$%&'(
hitotsu ikura desu ka? )*+
ª«¬­®¯°±²³ eau de toilette
ear mimi o-do-toware
´ ,-./01
earache: I have earache mimi economy class ekonomi-
ga itai desu kurasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLEl
µ¶¸¹º» 23456789
early hayai eel unagi
¼½ :;<
early in the morning asa egg tamago
hayaku =>?
¾¿À either: either ... or ... … ka …
sakihodo
I called by earlier ka
mo ukagaimashita @ABC
ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ either of them dochiraka
earrings iyaringu DEFG
ËÌÍÎÏ elbow hiji
earthquake jishin HI
ÐÑ electric denki (no)
east higashi JKLMN
Ò electrical appliances
in the east higashi ni denki-kigu
ÓÔ OPQR

67
 denki-ya ¡¢£¤
English ➜ Japanese
electrician
STU Empress of Japan Kogo-
electricity denki Heika
VW ¥¦§¨
elevator erebeta empty kara (no)
XYZ[\] ©ª«¬­
else: something else nani ka end (noun) owari
hoka no mono ®¯°
^_`abcd at the end of the street sono
somewhere else doko ka michi no tsukiatari ni
hoka no tokoro ±²³´µ¶¸¹º
efghijklm »
when does it end? itsu owari
dialogue masu ka?
¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄ
would you like anything engaged (toilet) shiyo-chu
else? hoka ni nani ka ÅÆÇ
irimasu ka? (phone) hanashi-chu
ABCDEFGHIJKLEl

no, nothing else, thanks ie, ÈÉÊ

hoka niwa nani mo (to be married) kon·yaku shita
irimasen, arigato ËÌÍÎ
engine (car) enjin
e-mail i-meru ÏÐÑÒ
nopqr England Igirisu
embassy taishikan ÓÔÕÖ
stu English (adj) Igirisu (no)
emergency kinkyu ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ
vw (language) Eigo
this is an emergency! kinkyu Þß
desu! I’m English watashi wa
xyz{ Igirisu-jin desu
emergency exit hijoguchi àáâãäåæçè
|}~ do you speak English? Eigo
Emperor of Japan Ten·no- ga hanasemasu ka?
Heika !"#$%&'()

68
 WXYZ[\

English ➜ Japanese
enjoy: to enjoy oneself
tanoshimimasu equipment setsubi
*+,-. ]^
(for climbing etc) sobi
dialogue _`
error machigai
how did you like the film? abcd
eiga wa do deshita ka? especially toku ni
I enjoyed it very much, did efg
you enjoy it? totemo essential hitsuyo (na)
tanoshikat·ta desu, anata hijkl
wa do deshita ka? it is essential that ... …-koto
wa hitsuyo desu
enlargement (of photo) mnopqrstu
hiki-nobashi Europe Yorop·pa
/0123 vwxyz
enormous totemo oki European (adj) Yorop·pa (no)
456789 {|}~¡¢£¤

ABCDEFGHIJKLEv
enough jubun even: even the ... … demo
:; ¥¦§
there’s not enough tarimasen even if ... moshi … demo
<=>?@ ¨©ª«¬
it’s not big enough evening yugata
chisasugimasu ­®
ABCDEF this evening komban
that’s enough sore de jubun ¯°
desu in the evening yoru ni
GHIJKLM ±²
entrance iriguchi evening meal yushoku
NOP ³´
(of house) genkan eventually tsui ni
QR µ¶¸
envelope futo ever: I hardly ever ... hotondo
STUV ...-masen
epileptic tenkan-kanja ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ

69
 dialogue … igai wa
English ➜ Japanese
except
=>?@
have you ever been to excess baggage
Hiroshima? Hiroshima ni choka-tenimotsu
it·ta koto ga arimasu ka? ABCDE
yes, I was there two years exchange rate ryogae-reto
ago hai, ni-nen mae ni FGHIJ
ikimashita exciting omoshiroi
KLMNO
every subete no excuse me (to get past)
ÂÃÄÅ shitsurei shimasu
every day mainichi PQRST
ÆÇ (to say sorry) gomen·nasai
everyone mina-san UVWXYZ
ÈÉÊ (to get attention) chot·to
everything subete sumimasen!
ËÌÍ [\]^_`abc
doko demo kanrishoku
ABCDEFGHIJKLEv

everywhere executive
ÎÏÐÑ def
exactly! sono tori desu! exhaust (pipe) haikikan
ÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ ghi
exam shiken exhibition tenrankai
ÚÛ jkl
example rei exit deguchi
! mn
for example tatoeba where’s the nearest exit?
"#$% ichiban chikai deguchi wa
excellent subarashi doko desu ka?
&'()* opqrstuvw
(food) totemo oishi xyz{|}
+,-./01 expensive takai
(hotel) ichiryu (no) ~¡
23456 experienced keiken no aru
excellent! subarashi! ¢£¤¥¦
789:;< explain setsumei shimasu

70
§¨©ª« chot·to

English ➜ Japanese
suitcase for me?
can you explain that? sutsukes o mite ite
setsumei shite kuremasen kuremasen ka?
ka? îïðñòóôõö
¬­®¯°±²³´ ÷øùú!"#$%
µ¶ &'()
express (mail) sokutatsu eyeglasses (US: spectacles)
¸¹ megane
(train) tok·kyu *+,
º» eyeliner ai-raina
extension (telephone) naisen -./012
¼½ eye make-up remover
naisen
extension ..., please ai-meku-otoshi
no …, onegai shimasu 3456789
¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ eye shadow ai-shado
ÇÈ :;<=>?
extension lead encho-kodo
ÉÊËÌÍ

ABCDEFGHIJKLFa
F
extra: can we have an extra
one? mo hitotsu
moraemasen ka? face kao
ÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ @A
×ØÙÚ face mask (for colds) masuku
do you charge extra for that? BCD
sore wa betsu-ryokin desu factory kojo
ka? EF
ÛÜÝÞßàáâ Fahrenheit kashi
ãä GH
extraordinary mezurashi faint (verb)
ki o
åæçèé ushinaimasu
extremely totemo IJKLMN
êëì kanojo wa ki o
she’s fainted
eye me ushinaimashita
í OPQRSTUVW
will you keep an eye on my X

71
 fura-fura shimasu subarashi
English ➜ Japanese
I feel faint fantastic
YZ[\]^_ ÂÃÄÅÆ
fair (funfair) yuenchi far toi
`ab ÇÈ
(trade fair) mihon-ichi
cde dialogue
(impartial) kohei (na)
fghij is it far from here? koko
(amount) kanari (no) kara toi desu ka?
klmnop no, not very far ie, amari
fairly (quite) kanari toku nai desu
qrs well, how far? dono kurai
fake (adj) nise (no) desu ka?
tuvwx it’s about 20 kilometres ni-
fall (US: season) aki juk·kiro kurai desu
y
in the fall aki ni fare ryokin
z{ ÉÊ
ABCDEFGHIJKLFa

fall (verb) korobimasu fare box (on buses)

|}~¡¢ ryokinbako
she’s had a fall kanojo wa ËÌÍ
korobimashita farm nojo
£¤¥¦§¨©ª« ÎÏ
false (not true) machigat·ta fashionable oshare (na)
¬­®¯° ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ
family kazoku fast hayai
±² ×Ø
famous yumei (na) fat (person) futot·ta
³´µ¶¸ !"#
fan (electrical) sempuki (on meat) aburami
¹º» $%&'
(handheld) sensu father (one’s own) chichi
¼½¾ (
(sports) fan (someone else’s) oto-san
¿ÀÁ )*+,

72
father-in-law (one’s own) giri

English ➜ Japanese
I feel like going for a walk
no chichi sampo ni ikitai desu
-./0 §¨©ª«¬­®¯
(someone else’s) giri no how are you feeling? ikaga
oto-san desu ka?
1234567 °±²³´µ¶
faucet jaguchi I’m feeling better zut·to i
89: desu
fault: sorry, it was my fault ¸¹º»¼½¾
gomen·nasai, watashi no sei fence (noun) hei
deshita ¿
;<=>?@ABC fencing fensingu
DEFGH ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
watashi no
it’s not my fault Japanese fencing kendo
sei dewa arimasen ÆÇ
IJKLMNOP ferry feri
QRS ÈÉÊË
choshi ga okashi omatsuri

ABCDEFGHIJKLFe
faulty festival
TUVWXYZ ÌÍÎ
favourite oki ni iri (no) fetch (person) tsurete
[\]^_`ab kimasu
fax (noun) fak·ksu ÏÐÑÒÓÔ
cdefg (object) tot·te kimasu
(verb) fak·ksu o okurimasu ÕÖ×ØÙÚ
hijklmno I’ll fetch him kare o yonde
pq kimasho
February Nigatsu ÛÜÝÞßàá
rs âãä
feel kanjimasu will you come and fetch me
tuvw later? atode mukae ni kite
I feel hot atsui desu kuremasen ka?
xyz{ åæçèéêëì
I feel unwell kibun ga yoku íîïðñòó
nai desu feverish netsup·poi
|}~¡¢£¤¥¦ !"#$

73
 sukoshi no arimasu ka?
English ➜ Japanese
few: a few
%&' yes, how many exposures?
a few days ni-san nichi hai, nan·mai dori desu ka?
()* 36 san-ju-roku-mai desu
fiancé(e) kon·yakusha
+,- film processing genzo
field hatake gh
. final (adj) saigo (no)
fight (noun) kenka ijklm
/01 find (verb) mitsukemasu
fill in kinyu shimas nopqr
23456 I can’t find it mitsukarimasen
kinyu
do I have to fill this in? stuvwxy
shinakute wa narimasen ka? I’ve found it mitsukemashita
789:;<=>? z{|}~¡
@ABCD find out shirabemasu
fill up ip·pai ni shimas ¢£¤¥
EFGHIJKL
ABCDEFGHIJKLFe

could you find out for me?

fill it up, please ip·pai ni shirabete kuremasen ka?
shite kudasai ¦§¨©ª«¬­
MNOPQRS ®¯
TUVW fine (weather) hareta
filling (in cake, sandwich) nakami °±²
XYZ (punishment) bak·kin
(in tooth) ha no tsumemono ³´
[\]^_`
film (movie) eiga dialogue
ab
(for camera) firumu how are you? ogenki desu
cdef ka?
I’m fine, thanks
dialogue okagesama de

do you have this kind of is that OK? sore de i desu

film? kon·na firumu wa ka?

74
 e, hanabi

English ➜ Japanese
that’s fine, thanks fireworks
kek·ko desu 34
first saisho (no)
finger yubi 56789
µ I was first watashi ga saki
finish (verb) owarimasu deshita
¶¸¹º» :;<=>?
I haven’t finished yet mada at first saisho ni
owat·te imasen @AB
¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄ the first time hajimete
Å CDEF
when does it finish? itsu first on the left hidarigawa
owarimasu ka? no saisho
ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎ GHIJKL
fire (in hearth) hi first aid okyu-te-ate
Ï MNOP
(blaze) kaji first-aid kit kyukyubako
ÐÑ QRS

ABCDEFGHIJKLFi
fire! kaji da! first class (train) gurinsha
ÒÓÔÕ TUVWX
can we light a fire here? (plane) fasuto-kurasu
koko de hi o taite mo i YZ[\]^_`
desu ka? first-class ticket (train)
Ö×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ gurinsha joshaken
ßàáâãä abcdefgh
it’s on fire kaji desu (plane) fasuto-kurasu
!"#$ chiket·to
fire alarm kasai-hochiki ijklmnopq
%&'() rst
fire brigade shobotai first floor ni-kai
*+, uv
fire escape hijoguchi (US) ik·kai
-./ wx
fire extinguisher shokaki first name namae
012 yz

75
 fish (noun) sakana !"#$%&'(
English ➜ Japanese
{|} )*+
fishmonger’s sakana-ya flavour fumi
~¡ ,-
fit (attack) hos·sa flea nomi
¢£ ./
sore wa
fit: it doesn’t fit me flight hiko
watashi ni aimasen 01
¤¥¦§¨©ª flight number bin·mei
«¬­ 23
fitting room shichaku-shitsu flood kozui
®¯° 45
fix (verb: arrange) tehai shimasu floor (of room) yuka
±²³´µ 6
can you fix this? (repair) (storey) kai
naosemasu ka? 7
¶¸¹º»¼½ on the floor yuka ni
tansan (no) 89
ABCDEFGHIJKLFi

fizzy
¾¿ÀÁ florist’s hana-ya
fizzy orange tansan-iri orenji :;
jusu flower hana
ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ <
ËÌÍÎ flower arranging ikebana
flag hata =>?
ÏÐ flu infuruenza
flannel taoru @ABCDEF
ÑÒÓ fluent: he speaks fluent
flash (for camera) furashu Japanese kare wa ryucho
ÔÕÖ×Ø na Nihon-go o
flat (noun: apartment) apato hanashimasu
ÙÚÛÜ GHIJKLMNO
(adj) taira (na) PQRS
ÝÞßàáâ fly (noun) hae
taiya ga
I’ve got a flat tyre TU
panku shimashita (verb) tobimasu

76
 VWXY ka?

English ➜ Japanese
can we fly there? hikoki de ¯°±²³´µ¶¸
ikemasu ka? ¹º»
Z[\]^_`a
bc dialogues
fog kiri
d who’s the tempura for?
foggy: it’s foggy kiri ga dete tempura wa dochira desu
imasu ka?
efghijk that’s for me watashi desu
food (in general) tabemono and this one? kore wa
lmn dochira desu ka?
(in shop) shokuryohin that’s for her kanojo desu
opq
(in restaurant) ryori where do I get the bus for
rs Shinjuku? Shinjuku-iki
food poisoning no basu wa doko de
shokuchudoku noremasu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLFo
tuv the bus for Shinjuku leaves
food shop/store from Tokyo station
shokuryohin-ten Shinjuku-iki no basu wa
wxyz Tokyo eki kara dete
foot (of person) ashi imasu
{
on foot aruite how long have you been
|}~ here? koko niwa mo
football (game) sak·ka dono kurai ni narimasu
¡¢£¤ ka?
(ball) sak·ka-boru I’ve been here for two
¥¦§¨©ª« days, how about you?
footwarmer kotatsu futsuka desu ga, anata
¬­® wa?
for: do you have something for I’ve been here for a week
...? (headache/diarrhoea etc) … is·shukan ni narimasu
ni kik kusuri wa arimasu

77
 odeko fandeshon
English ➜ Japanese
forehead
¼½¾ Z[\]^_`a
foreign gaikoku (no) fountain (ornamental) funsui
¿À bc
foreigner gaijin (for drinking) kyusuiki
ÁÂ def
forest mori foyer robi
! ghi
forget wasuremasu fracture (noun) kos·setsu
"#$% jk
I forget, I’ve forgotten France Furansu
wasurete shimaimashita lmno
&'()*+,-. free (no charge) tada, muryo
fork fok pqrst
/012 is it free (of charge)? muryo
(in road) bunkiten desu ka?
345 uvwxyz
form (document) yoshi kosokudoro
ABCDEFGHIJKLFo

freeway
67 {|}~
formal seishiki (na) freezer reitoko
89:;< ¡¢£
(dress) aratamat·ta French (adj) Furansu (no)
=>?@AB ¤¥¦§¨©ª
fortnight nishukan (language) Furansu-go
CDE «¬­®¯
fortunately un·yoku French fries furenchi-furai
FGH °±²³´µ¶
forward: could you forward my frequent tabitabi (no)
mail? tegami o tenso shite ¸¹º»¼½¾
kuremasen ka? how frequent is the bus to
IJKLMNO Kobe? Kobe-iki no basu wa
PQRSTUV nambon kurai dete imasu ka?
forwarding address tenso saki ¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ
WXY ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
foundation (make-up) ÑÒ

78
fresh (food) shinsen (na)

English ➜ Japanese
I’m from Manchester
ÓÔÕÖ× Manchesuta kara desu
Friday Kin·yobi
ØÙÚ front mae
fridge reizoko J
ÛÜÝ in front mae ni
fried itameta KL
Þßàá in front of the hotel hoteru
fried egg medamayaki no mae ni
âãäåæ MNOPQR
fried rice chahan at the front mae de
çèéêë ST
friend tomodachi frost shimo
!" U
friendly shinsetsu (na) frozen reito shita
#$%&' VWXY
from kara fruit kudamono
() Z[\]

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu
when does the next train fruit juice frutsu-jusu
from Hakata arrive? tsugi
no ^_`abcde
Hakata hatsu no res·sha wa full ip·pai
itsu tsukimasu ka? fghi
*+,-./012 it’s full of ... … de ip·pai
3456789: desu
from Monday to Friday jklmnopq
Getsuyobi kara Kin·yobi I’m full onaka ga ip·pai desu
;<=>?@AB rstuvwxy
from next Thursday tsugi no z{
Mok·yobi kara full board san-shoku-tsuki
CDEFGHI |}~¡
fun: it was fun
dialogue omoshirokat·ta desu
¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª
where are you from? doko funeral ososhiki
kara kimashita ka? «¬­

79
 funny (strange) okashi Ö×Ø
English ➜ Japanese
®¯°± (match) shiai
(amusing) omoshiroi ÙÚ
²³´µ¶ garage (for fuel) gasorin-
furniture kagu sutando
¸¹ ÛÜÝÞßàáâ
further mot·to toku (for repairs) shurikojo
º»¼½¾ !"#$
it’s further down the road (for parking) shako
sono michi no mot·to saki %&
desu garden niwa
¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ '
ÇÈ garlic nin·niku
()*+
dialogue gas gasu
,-
how much further is it to (US) gasorin
Kinkakuji? Kinkakuji ewa ./01
ABCDEFGHIJKLFu

dono kurai arimasu ka? gas permeable lenses

about 5 kilometres sanso-toka-sei kontakuto-
go-kiro kurai desu renzu
23456789:
fuse (noun) hyuzu ;<=>
ÉÊËÌ gas station (US) gasorin-
future shorai sutando
ÍÎ ?@ABCDEF
in future kore kara gate mon
ÏÐÑÒ G
(at airport) geto
G HIJ
gay homo (no)
KL
gallon garon gay bar gei-ba
ÓÔÕ MNOP
game (cards etc) gemu gears (in car) gia

80
 QR would you like? ie, kore

English ➜ Japanese
general (adj) ip·pan-teki (na) wa watashi mochi desu,
STUVWX nani ga i desu ka?
gents’ toilet dansei-yo toire a beer, please biru kudasai
YZ[\]^
genuine (antique etc) get back (return) modorimasu
hon·mono (no) ¾¿ÀÁ
_`abc get in (arrive) tochaku shimasu
German (adj) Doitsu (no) ÂÃÄÅÆ
defghi get off orimasu
Germany Doitsu ÇÈÉÊ
jkl where do I get off? doko de
get (fetch) te ni iremasu orireba i desu ka?
mnopqr ËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ
could you get me another ÔÕÖ×
one, please? mo hitotsu get on (to train etc) norimasu
moraemasu ka? ØÙÚÛ
stuvwxyz get out (of car etc) orimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLGi
{|}~ ÜÝÞß
how do I get to ...? … ewa (take out) toridashimasu
do ikeba i desu ka? àáâãäå
¡¢£¤¥¦§¨© get up (in the morning) okimasu
ª«¬­® æçèé
do you know where I can get gift okurimono
them? sore wa dokode te ni êëì
hairimasu ka? gift shop gifuto-shop·pu
¯°±²³´µ¶¸ íîïðñòó
¹º»¼½ gin jin
!"
dialogue a gin and tonic, please jin-
tonik·ku o onegai shimasu
can I get you a drink? #$%&'()*+
nomimono wa ikaga ,-./
desu ka? girl on·na no ko
no, I’ll get this one, what 012

81
 garu-furendo ikimasu
English ➜ Japanese
girlfriend go
3456789 ¥¦§¨
give agemasu we’d like to go to Tokyo
:;<= Disneyland Tokyo-
can you give me some Dizunirando ni it·te mitai
change? kore o kuzushite desu
kuremasen ka? ©ª«¬­®¯°±
>?@ABCDEF ²³´µ¶¸¹º
GHIJK »¼
I gave it to him sore wa kare where are you going? doko e
ni watashimashita ikundesu ka?
LMNOPQRS ½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄ
TUV ÅÆ
will you give this to ...? kore where does this bus go?
o … ni watashite kono basu wa doko e
kuremasen ka? ikimasu ka?
WXYZ[\]^_ ÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
`abcdef ÐÑÒÓÔ
ABCDEFGHIJKLGi

give back kaeshimasu let’s go! ikimasho!

ghij ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛ
glad ureshi hamburger to go hambaga o
klmn teiku-auto de
glass (material) garasu ÜÝÞßàáâãä
opq åæçèé
(for drinking) kop·pu she’s gone (left) kanojo wa
rst it·te shimaimashita
a glass of wine wain o êëìíîïðñò
ip·pai óôõ
uvwxyz where has he gone? kare wa
glasses (spectacles) megane doko e ikimashita ka?
{|} ö÷øùúûü
gloves tebukuro ýþ !"#
~¡ I went there last week senshu
glue (noun) set·chaku-zai soko e ikimashita
¢£¤ $%&'()*

82
 +,- ghij

English ➜ Japanese
go away dekakemasu good i
!"#$% kl
go away! at·chi e it·te! good! yokat·ta!
&'()*+,- mnopq
go back (return) kaerimasu it’s no good sore wa dame
./01 desu
go down (the stairs etc) shita e rstuvwx
ikimasu goodbye (formal) sayonara
234567 yz{|}
go in naka e hairimasu (informal) dewa mata
89:;<=> ~¡¢£
go out (in the evening) gaishutsu (between friends) ja ne
shimasu ¤¥¦§
?@ABC good evening komban wa
do you want to go out tonight? ¨©ª«¬
komban dekaketai desu ka? Good Friday Sei-Kin·yobi
DEFGHIJKL ­®¯°

ABCDEFGHIJKLGo
MN good morning ohayo
go through torinukemasu gozaimasu
OPQRST ±²³´µ¶¸¹
go up (the stairs etc) ue e º
ikimasu good night (when leaving) osaki
UVWXYZ ni
God kami-sama »¼½
[\ (when going to bed)
goggles goguru oyasuminasai
]^_` ¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄ
gold kin mo
got: we’ve got to leave
a ikanakereba narimasen
goldfish kin·gyo ÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ
bc ÎÏÐÑ
golf gorufu have you got any ...? …o
def mot·te imasu ka?
golf course gorufu-jo ÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚ

83
 seifu great (excellent) subarashi
English ➜ Japanese
government
ÛÜ LMNOP
gradually dandan that’s great! sore wa sugoi!
ÝÞßà QRSTUVW
gram(me) guramu a great success daiseiko
áâã XYZ
granddaughter (one’s own) Great Britain Eikoku
magomusme [\
äå greedy yokubari (na)
(someone else’s) omago-san ]^_`abc
æçèé (for food) kuishimbo (no)
grandfather (one’s own) sofu defghij
êë green midori (no)
(someone else’s) oji-san klmnop
!"#$% green card (car insurance)
grandmother (one’s own) jidosha-hoken
sobo qrstu
&' yao-ya
ABCDEFGHIJKLGo

greengrocer’s
(someone else’s) oba-san vwx
()*+, grey hai-iro (no)
grandson (one’s own) yz{|}
magomusuko grilled guriru de yaita
-./ ~¡¢£¤¥¦
(someone else’s) omago-san grocer’s shokuryohin-ten
0123 §¨©ª
grapefruit gurepu-frutsu ground jimen
456789:; «¬
grapes budo on the ground jimen ni
<=> ­®¯
grass kusa ground floor ik·kai
? °±
grateful ureshi group gurupu
@ABC ²³´µ
gravy gurebi-sosu guarantee (noun) hosho
DEFGHIJK ¶¸

84
 hosho- (women’s) biyoin

English ➜ Japanese
is it guaranteed?
tsuki desu ka? 456
¹º»¼½¾¿À hairdryer doraiya
guest okyaku-sama 789:;
ÁÂÃÄ hair gel jeru
guesthouse minshuku <=>
ÅÆ hairgrips heya-pin
guide (person) gaido ?@AB
ÇÈÉ hair spray heya-supure
guidebook gaido-buk·ku CDEFGH
ÊËÌÍÎÏ half hambun
guided tour gaido-tsuki tua IJ
ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ× half an hour han-jikan
gum (in mouth) haguki KLM
ØÙÚ half a litre han-rit·toru
gun (rifle) ju NOPQR
Û about half that sono
(pistol) pisutoru hambun kurai

ABCDEFGHIJKLHa
!"#$ STUVWXY
gym jimu half board
%& asayu-nishoku-tsuki
Z[\]^_
H half-bottle hafu-botoru
`abcde
half fare hangaku
hair kami fg
' half-price hangaku
hairbrush burashi (no)
()* hijkl
haircut (man’s) sampatsu ham hamu
+, mn
(woman’s) heya-kat·to hamburger hambaga
-./01 opqrst
hairdresser’s (men’s) toko-ya hand te
23 u

85
 handobag·gu ureshi
English ➜ Japanese
handbag happy
vwxyz{ >?@A
handbrake handobureki I’m not happy about this sore
|}~¡¢£¤ niwa nat·toku dekimasen
handkerchief hankachi BCDEFGHI
¥¦§¨ JKL
handle (on door) tot·te harbour minato
©ª« M
(on suitcase) mochite hard katai
¬­® NOP
hand luggage tenimotsu (difficult) muzukashi
¯°± QRSTU
hang-gliding hanguraidingu hard-boiled egg
²³´µ¶¸¹º» katayude-tamago
hangover futsukayoi VWXYZ[\
¼½¾¿À hard lenses hado-kontakuto
I’ve got a hangover ]^_`abcd
futsukayoi desu
ABCDEFGHIJKLGr

hardly: I hardly ever ...

ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ hotondo …-masen
happen okorimasu efghijklm
ÈÉÊË I hardly ever go met·ta ni
what’s happening? do nat·te ikimasen
imasu ka? nopqrstuv
ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕ I hardly know him kare no
(what’s on?) nani o yat·te koto wa hotondo
imasu ka? shirimasen
!"#$%&'( wxyz{|}~¡
)* ¢£¤¥¦
(what’s wrong?) do shitandesu hardware shop kanamono-ya
ka? §¨©
+,-./0123 hat boshi
what has happened? nani ga ª«¬
at·tandesu ka? hate (verb) kirai desu
456789:; ­®¯°±
<= have mochimasu

86
²³´µ 01

English ➜ Japanese
…o
can I have a ...? headlights hed·do-raito
morat·te mo i desu ka? !"#$%&
¶¸¹º»¼½¾¿ headphones hed·do-hon
ÀÁÂÃ '()*+
…o
can we have some ...? healthy (person) kenko (na)
ikutsuka moraemasu ka? ,-./0
ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌ (food) karada ni i
ÍÎÏÐ 123456
do you have ...? … o mot·te hear kikoemasu
imasu ka? 789:;
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×Ø
ÙÚ dialogue
what’ll you have (to drink)?
nani ni shimasu ka? can you hear me?
ÛÜÝÞßàá kikoemasu ka?
I have to ... …-nakute wa I can’t hear you, could you
narimasen repeat that? kikoemasen,

ABCDEFGHIJKLHe
âãäåæçèé mo ichido it·te
êëì kuremasen ka?
mo
I have to leave now
ikanakute wa narimasen hearing aid hochoki
íîïðñòóôõ <=>
ö÷øù heart shinzo
…-nakute
do I have to ...? ?@
wa narimasen ka? heart attack shinzomahi
úûüýþ!"# ABCD
$%&'( heat atsusa
hayfever kafun-sho EF
)*+ heater (in room) dambo
he* kare GH
, (in car) hita
head atama IJKL
-./ heating dambo
headache zutsu MN

87
 omoi domo arigato
English ➜ Japanese
heavy
OPQ ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
heel (of foot) kakato ÂÃÄÅÆÇ
RST helpful yaku ni tatsu
(of shoe) hiru ÈÉÊË
UVW hepatitis kan-en
hiru o
could you heel these? ÌÍ
naoshite kuremasen ka? her* kanojo (o)
XYZ[\]^_ ÎÏÐÑÒ
`abcdef to her kanojo ni
height (of person) shincho ÓÔÕ
gh with her kanojo to
(of object) takasa Ö×Æ
ij for her kanojo no tame
helicopter herikopta ni
klmnop ÙÚÛÜÝÞ
hello kon·nichi wa that’s her kanojo desu
qrstu !"#$
ABCDEFGHIJKLHe

(on phone) moshi-moshi I haven’t seen her kanojo

vwxy niwa at·te imasen
helmet (for motorcycle) %&'()*+
herumet·to ,-./
z{|}~ her ... kanojo no …
help (noun) kyoryoku 0123
¡¢ it’s her car sore wa kanojo
(verb) tetsudaimasu no kuruma desu
£¤¥¦§ 456789:;<
help! tasukete! herbal tea habu-ti
¨©ª«¬ =>?@AB
can you help me? tetsudat·te herbs (for cooking) habu
kuremasen ka? CDE
­®¯°±²³´µ (medicinal) yakuso
¶¸ FG
thank you very much for your here koko
help tetsudat·te kurete HI

88
 … wa koko ©ª«¬­®

English ➜ Japanese
here is/are ...
desu ¯°±²
JKLMNO hip oshiri
here you are (offering) hai, ³´µ
dozo hire karimasu
PQRSTU ¶¸¹º
hers* kanojo no for hire rentaru (no)
VWX »¼½¾¿ÀÁ
that’s hers sore wa kanojo where can I hire a bike?
no desu doko de jitensha ga
YZ[\]^_` kariraremasu ka?
hey! chot·to! ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ
abcde ËÌÍÎÏÐ
hi! (hello) domo! his* kare no
fghi ÑÒ
high takai sore wa kare no
it’s his car
jk kuruma desu
bebi-chea ÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚ

ABCDEFGHIJKLHo
highchair
lmnopq that’s his sore wa kare no
highway kosokudoro desu
rstu ÛÜÝÞßàá
hill oka hitch-hike hit·chi-haiku
v âãäåæç
him* kare (o) hobby shumi
wxyz !"
to him kare ni hold (verb) mochimasu
{| #$%&
with him kare to hole ana
}~ '(
for him kare no tame ni holiday yasumi
¡¢£¤¥ )*
that’s him kare desu on holiday yasumi de
¦§¨ +,-
I haven’t seen him kare niwa Holland Oranda
at·te imasen ./01

89
 uchi vw
English ➜ Japanese
home
23 hospitality omotenashi
at home (in my house) uchi de xyz{|
456 thank you for your hospitality
(in my country) watashi no omotenashi domo arigato
kuni de gozaimashita
789: }~¡¢£¤¥¦§
we go home tomorrow ¨©ª«¬­®¯°
watashitachi wa ashita ±
kikoku shimasu hot atsui
;<=>?@ABC ²³
DEF (spicy) karai
honey hachimitsu ´µ¶
GHIJ I’m hot atsui desu
honeymoon shinkon-ryoko ¸¹º»
KLMN it’s hot today kyo wa atsui
hood (US: of car) bon·net·to desu
OPQRS ¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃ
ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

hope kibo hotel hoteru

TU ÄÅÆ
I hope so so da to i desu ne (Japanese-style) ryokan
VWXYZ[\]^ ÇÈ
I hope not so de nai to i hotel room hoteru no heya
desu ne ÉÊËÌÍÎ
_`abcdef hot spring onsen
ghi ÏÐ
hopefully dekireba hour jikan
jklm ÑÒ
horrible osoroshi house ie
nopqr Ó
horse uma hovercraft hoba-kurafuto
s !"#$%&'
horse riding joba how do
tu ()
hospital byoin how many? ikutsu?

90
*+,- [\]

English ➜ Japanese
how do you do? hurry up! isoide kudasai!
hajimemashite ^_`abcde
./0123 hurt (verb) itamimasu
fghi
dialogues it really hurts totemo
itamimasu
how are you? ogenki desu jklmnop
ka? husband (one’s own) shujin
e,
fine, thanks, and you? qr
okagesama de, sochira wa (someone else’s) goshujin
do desu ka? stu
my husband uchi no shujin
how much is it? ikura desu vwxyz
ka? hydrofoil suichu-yokusen
520 yen go-hyaku-ni-ju- {|}~
en desu
ja, sore o

ABCDEFGHIJKLIc
I’ll take it
I
kudasai

humid mushi-atsui I watashi

4567 ¡
hungry onaka ga suita ice kori
89:;<=> ¢
are you hungry? onaka ga with ice kori-iri
sukimashita ka? £¤¥
?@ABCDEFG no ice, thanks kori wa i
HI desu
hurry (verb) isogimasu ¦§¨©ª«
JKLM ice cream aisu-kurimu
I’m in a hurry isoide imasu ¬­®¯°±²
NOPQRS ice-cream cone aisu-kurimu
there’s no hurry isogu koto no kon
wa arimasen ³´µ¶¸¹º»
TUVWXYZ ¼½¾

91
 aisu-kyandi GHIJ
English ➜ Japanese
ice lolly
¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ sore wa
in: it’s in the centre
idea kan·gae hankagai ni arimasu
ÈÉ KLMNOPQRS
idiot hakuchi TU
ÊË in my car watashi no
if moshi kuruma no naka
ÌÍ VWXYZ[
ill byoki (no) in Sapporo Sapporo ni
ÎÏÐÑÒ \]^
I feel ill kibun ga warui desu in May Gogatsu ni
ÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ _`a
illness byoki in English Eigo de
ÚÛ bcd
imitation (leather etc) mozohin in Japanese Nihon-go de
ÜÝÞ efgh
immediately sugu in two days from now ima
ßà kara futsuka de
ABCDEFGHIJKLIc

important taisetsu (na) ijklmno

áâãäå in five minutes go-fun de
it’s very important totemo pqr
taisetsu desu is he in? kare wa imasu ka?
!"#$%&' stuvwxy
it’s not important do demo i incense oko
koto desu z{
()*+,-./ inch inchi
01 |}~
impossible fukano (na) include fukumimasu
234567 ¡¢£¤
impressive insho-teki (na) does that include meals?
89:;<= shokuji wa komi desu ka?
improve: I want to improve my ¥¦§¨©ª«¬­
Japanese Nihon-go ga is that included? sore mo
umak naritai desu ryokin ni fukumarete imasu
>?@ABCDEF ka?

92
®¯°±²³´ chusha

English ➜ Japanese
injection
µ¶¸¹º»¼½ *+
inconvenient fuben (na) injured kega o shita
¾¿ÀÁ ,-./0
incredible shinjirarenai she’s been injured kanojo
ÃÄÅÆÇÈ wa kega o shimashita
Indian (adj) Indo (no) 1234567
ÉÊËÌÍÎ 89:
indicator winka inn (Japanese-style) ryokan
ÏÐÑÒÓ ;<
indigestion shokafuryo inner tube (for tyre) chubu
ÔÕÖ× =>?@
indoor pool okunai-puru insect mushi
ØÙÚÛÜ A
indoors okunai insect bite mushi-sasare
ÝÞ BCDE
inexpensive tegoro (na) do you have anything for
ßàáâãä insect bites? mushi-sasare

ABCDEFGHIJKLIn
infection kansensho no kusuri wa arimasu ka?
åæç FGHIJKLMN
infectious densensei (no) OPQR
èéêëìí insect repellent
inflammation ensho mushiyoke
îï STU
informal kudaketa inside: inside the hotel hoteru
ðñòó no naka
information joho VWXYZ[
ôõ let’s sit inside naka ni
do you have any information suwarimasho
about ...? … ni tsuite no \]^_`abcd
joho ga arimasu ka? insist iharimasu
ö÷øùúûüýþ efghij
!"#$%& I insist doka zehi
information desk an·naisho klmno
'() if you insist do shitemo to

93
 iunara ïð
English ➜ Japanese
pqrstu intersection kosaten
vwxy ñòó
instant coffee insutanto-kohi interval (at theatre) kyukei-
z{|}~¡ jikan
¢£¤¥ ôõö÷
instead: give me that one into … ni
instead kawari ni sot·chi o øù
kudasai I’m not into ... … wa suki
¦§¨©ª«¬­ dewa arimasen
®¯°± !"#$%&'(
instead of ... … no kawari )*+
ni introduce shokai shimasu
²³´µ¶¸ ,-./0
insulin inshurin may I introduce ...? (formal)
¹º»¼½¾ … o goshokai itashimasu
insurance hoken 12345678
¿À 9:
ABCDEFGHIJKLIn

intelligent atama ga i (informal) … o shokai

ÁÂÃÄÅÆ shimasu
interested: I’m interested in ... ;<=>?@A
… ni kyomi ga arimasu invitation shotai
ÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ BC
interesting omoshiroi invite shotai shimasu
ÐÑÒÓÔ DEFGH
that’s very interesting sore invoice seikyusho
wa totemo omoshiroi desu IJK
ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ Ireland Airurando
Þßàá LMNOPQ
international kokusai-teki Irish Airurando (no)
(na) RSTUVW
âãäåæç XYZ
Internet intanet·to I’m Irish watashi wa
èéêëìíî Airurando-jin desu
interpreter tsuyaku [\]^_`abc

94
 de

English ➜ Japanese
J
iron (for ironing) airon
fghi
can you iron these for me? jacket jaket·to
kore ni airon o kakete ÐÑÒÓÔ
kuremasen ka? jam (preserve) jamu
jklmnopqr ÕÖ×
stuvwxyz{ jammed: it’s jammed
is* … desu tsumat·te imasu
|}~ ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ
island shima January Ichigatsu
¡ ßà
it sore Japan Nihon
¢£ áâ
it is ... sore wa … desu Japanese (adj) Nihon
¤¥¦§¨© (no)
is it ...? … desu ka? ãäåæç
ª«¬­® (noun) Nihon-jin

ABCDEFGHIJKLJa
where is it? doko desu ka? èéê
¯°±²³´ (language) Nihon-go
it’s him kare desu !"#
µ¶¸ the Japanese Nihon-jin
it was ... … deshita $%&
¹º»¼ Japanese food washoku
Italian (adj) Itaria (no) '(
½¾¿ÀÁÂà Japanese-style wafu
Italy Itaria )*
ÄÅÆÇ Japan Sea Nihon-kai
itch: it itches kayui desu +,-
ÈÉÊËÌ jar (noun) bin
ivory zoge ./
ÍÎÏ jaw ago
01
jazz jazu
234

95
 jinzu fres·shu-jusu
English ➜ Japanese
jeans juice
5678 tuvwxyz{|
jellyfish kurage July Shichigatsu
9:; }~
jersey seta jump (verb) jampu shimasu
<=>? ¡¢£¤¥¦§
jetty sambashi junction (in road) kosaten
@ABC ¨©ª
jeweller’s hoseki-ten (on motorway) intachenji
DEF «¬­®¯°±²
jewellery hoseki June Rokgatsu
GH ³´
Jewish Yudaya (no) just (only) … dake
IJKLMN µ¶¸
job shigoto just two futatsu dake
OP ¹º»¼½
jogging jogingu just for me watashi ni dake
QRSTU ¾¿ÀÁ
ABCDEFGHIJKLJe

joke jodan just here chodo koko de

VW ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
joss stick osenko not just now ima wa dame
XYZ desu
journey ryoko ÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
[\ we’ve just arrived ima tsuita
sore
have a good journey! tokoro desu
dewa tanoshi ryoko o! !"#$%&'(
]^_`abcde )*
fg
judo judo K
hi
jug mizusashi
jkl keep (verb) tot·te okimasu
mizusashi
a jug of water +,-./01
ip·pai no mizu keep the change otsuri wa
mnopqrs kek·ko desu

96
 23456789:; sore wa

English ➜ Japanese
that’s very kind
can I keep it? morat·te mo i goshinsetsu ni
desu ka? ©ª«¬­®¯
<=>?@ABCD
EF dialogue
please keep it dozo omochi
kudasai which kind do you want?
GHIJKL dochira ga i desu ka?
MNOP I want this/that kind kono/
ketchup kechap·pu sono shurui ga hoshi desu
QRSTU
kettle yakan kiosk kiosuku
VWX °±²³
key kagi kiss (noun) kisu
YZ ´µ
the key for room 201, please (verb) kisu shimasu
ni-maru-ichi-go no kagi o ¶¸¹º»
onegai shimasu daidokoro

ABCDEFGHIJKLKn
kitchen
[\]^_`abcd ¼½
efgh kite tako
keyring kihoruda ¾¿
ijklmn kite-flying tako-age
kidneys jinzo ÀÁÂÃ
op Kleenex® tis·shu-pepa
kilo kiro ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌ
qr knee hiza
kilometre kirometoru ÍÎ
stuvwx knickers shotsu
how many kilometres is it to ÏÐÑÒ
...? … made nan-kiro knife naifu
arimasu ka? ÓÔÕ
yz{|}~¡¢ knock (verb) nok·ku shimasu
£¤¥¦ Ö×ØÙÚÛ
kind (generous) shinsetsu knock over (object) hik·kuri
§¨ kaeshimasu

97
 ÜÝÞßàáâã QRSTUV
English ➜ Japanese
(pedestrian) hanemasu lady josei
äåæç WX
he’s been knocked over kare lager raga-biru
wa kuruma ni YZ[\]^
haneraremashita lake mizumi
èéêëìíîï _
ðñò lamb (meat) kohitsuji
know shit·te imasu `a
!"#$%& lamp sutando
I don’t know shirimasen bcde
'()*+ lane (motorway) shasen
sore wa
I didn’t know that fg
shirimasen deshita (small road) roji
,-./0123 hi
456 language kotoba
do you know where I can jk
find ...? doko de … ga te ni (foreign language) gaikoku-go
ABCDEFGHIJKLKn

hairimasu ka? lmn

789:;<=>? language course
@ABC gogaku-kosu
Korean (adj) Kankoku (no) opqrs
DEFGH large oki
tuv
last (final) saigo (no)
L
wxyz{
last week senshu
label raberu |}
IJK last Friday senshu no
lacquerware shik·ki Kin·yobi
LM ~¡¢£¤¥
ladies’ room, ladies’ toilets last night yube
keshoshitsu ¦§¨
NOP what time is the last train to
ladies’ wear fujinfuku-uriba Yokohama? Yokohama-iki

98
 no saishu-densha wa nanji 9:;<=>?@A

English ➜ Japanese
desu ka? B
©ª«¬­®¯°± laugh (verb) waraimasu
²³´µ¶¸¹ CDEF
late osoi launderette, laundromat
º» koin-randori
sorry I’m late okurete GHIJKLMN
sumimasen laundry (clothes) sentaku-
¼½¾¿ÀÁÂà mono
the train was late densha ga OPQRST
okuremashita (place) sentaku-ya
ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË UVWXY
we must go – we’ll be late lavatory toire
ikanaito chikoku shite Z[\
shimaimasu law horitsu
ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ ]^
ÕÖ×ØÙ lawn shibafu
zuibun _`a

ABCDEFGHIJKLLe
it’s getting late
osoku narimashita lawyer ben·goshi
ÚÛÜÝÞßàá bcd
âãä laxative gezai
later ato de ef
åæç lazy namake-mono
I’ll come back later ato de ghijk
modot·te kimasu lead (electrical) kodo
!"#$%&'() lmn
see you later sore ja mata lead (verb) tsujite imasu
*+,-./0 opqrst
later on ato de where does this road lead?
123 kono michi wa doko ni
latest (most recent) saishin (no) tsujite imas ka?
45678 uvwxyz{
by Wednesday at the latest |}~¡¢£¤¥
osoku-tomo Suiyobi made leaf hap·pa
ni ¦§¨

99
 chirashi koko
English ➜ Japanese
leaflet may I leave this here?
©ª« ni oite mo i desu ka?
leak (noun) more !"#$%&'()
¬­ *+,-
the roof leaks amamori ga I left my coat in the bar ba ni
shimasu koto o okiwasuremashita
®¯°±²³´ ./0123456
learn naraimasu 789:;
µ¶¸¹ left hidari
least: not in the least zenzen <
º»¼½ on the left hidari ni
at least sukunaku-tomo =>
¾¿ÀÁÂà to the left hidari e
leather kawa ?@
Ä turn left hidari e magat·te
leave (verb: depart) shup·patsu kudasai
shimasu ABCDEF
ÅÆÇÈÉ GHIJ
ABCDEFGHIJKLLe

(put somewhere) okimasu there’s none left mo

ÊËÌÍ arimasen
(forget) okiwasuremasu KLMNOPQ
ÎÏÐÑÒÓ left-handed hidari-kiki (no)
I am leaving tomorrow ashita RST
shup·patsu shimasu left luggage (office)
ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛ tenimotsu-azukari-jo
kare wa
he left yesterday UVWXYZ
kino tachimashita leg ashi
ÜÝÞßàáâ [
ãäå lemon remon
when does the bus for \]^
Kanazawa leave? Kanazawa- lemonade remonedo
iki no basu wa itsu _`abc
shup·patsu shimasu ka? lend kashimasu
æçèéêëìíî defg
ïðñòóôõö will you lend me your ...?

100
 … o kashite kuremasen âã

English ➜ Japanese
ka? do you have any letters for
hijklmn me? watashi-ate no tegami
opqrs wa arimasu ka?
lens (of camera) renzu äåæçèéêëì
tuv íîïð
lesbian rezubian letterbox posuto
wxyz{ ñòó
less mot·to sukunaku lettuce retasu
|}~¡¢£¤ ôõö
less than … ika library toshokan
¥¦§ ÷øù
less expensive sore hodo licence menkyo
takaku nai !"
¨©ª«¬­®¯ lid futa
lesson jugyo #$
°± lie (verb: tell untruth) uso o
tsukimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLLi
let: will you let me know?
shirasete kuremasen ka? %&'()*+
²³´µ¶¸¹º» lie downyoko ni
¼½ narimasu
I’ll let you know oshirase ,-./01
shimasu lifebelt kyumeitai
¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄ 234
let’s go for something to eat lifeguard raifu-gado
nani ka tabe ni ikimasho 56789:
ÅÆÇÈÉÊË life jacket kyumei-doi
ÌÍÎÏ ;<=>
let off oroshimasu lift (elevator) erebeta
ÐÑÒÓÔ ?@ABCD
…
will you let me off at ...? could you give me a lift?
de oroshite kuremasen ka? nosete kuremasen ka?
ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜ EFGHIJKL
ÝÞßàá MN
letter tegami would you like a lift? nosete

101
 agemasho ka? anata ga suki
English ➜ Japanese
I like you
OPQRSTUVW desu
XY ¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆ
light (noun) hikari I don’t like it suki ja
Z[\ arimasen
(electric) denki ÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
]^ do you like ...? … ga suki
(adj: not heavy) karui desu ka?
_`a ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×
do you have a light? (for I’d like a beer biru ga hoshi
cigarette) hi o mot·te imasu desu
ka? ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßà
bcdefghi I’d like to go swimming oyogi
jk ni ikitai desu
light green usu-midori (no) áâãäåæçèé
lmnopqrs would you like a drink?
light bulb denkyu nomimono wa ikaga desu
tu ka?
ABCDEFGHIJKLLi

I need a new light bulb êëìíîïðñò

atarashi denkyu ga hitsuyo óô
desu would you like to go for a
vwxyz{|} walk? sampo ni ikitaku
~¡ arimasen ka?
lighter (cigarette) raita õö÷øùúûüý
¢£¤¥ þ!"#$
lightning inabikari what’s it like? do yu kanji
¦§¨©ª desu ka?
like (verb) suki desu %&'()*+,
«¬­® -.
I like it suki desu I want one like this kon·na
¯°±² no ga hoshi desu
sampo
I like going for walks !"#$%&'(
ni ikuno ga suki desu )*
³´µ¶¸¹º»¼ lime raimu
½¾ +,-

102
 sen dialogue

English ➜ Japanese
line
.
could you give me an outside where do you live? doko
line? gaisen ni tsunaide ni sunde imasu ka?
kudasai I live in London Rondon
/012345 ni sunde imasu
6789
lips kuchibiru lively iki-iki shita
:;<= z{|}~¡
lipstick kuchibeni liver (in body) kanzo
>? ¢£
liqueur rikyuru (food) reba
@ABCD ¤¥¦
listen kikimasu lobby (in hotel) robi
EFGH §¨©
litre rit·toru lobster ise-ebi
IJKL ª«¬­
sukoshi jimoto no

ABCDEFGHIJKLLo
little local
MNO ®¯°
just a little, thanks arigato, lock (noun) kagi
hon no sukoshi ±²
PQRSTUVWX it’s locked kagi ga kakat·te
YZ[ imasu
a little milk miruku o hon ³´µ¶¸¹º
no sukoshi »¼½
\]^_`ab lock in tojikomemasu
cde ¾¿ÀÁÂÃ
a little bit more mo sukoshi lock out
fghij shimedashimasu
live (verb) sunde imasu ÄÅÆÇÈÉ
klmnop I’ve locked myself out of my
we live together is·sho ni room kagi o naka ni
sunde imasu wasuremashita
qrstuvwxy ÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
ÑÒÓ

103
 locker (for luggage etc) rok·ka opqrs
English ➜ Japanese
ÔÕÖ× look after sewa o shimasu
lollipop kyandi tuvwxy
ØÙÚÛÜÝ look at mimasu
London Rondon z{|
Þßàá look for sagashimasu
long nagai }~¡¢£
âã I’m looking for ... …o
how long will it take to fix it? sagashite imasu
naosu no ni dono kurai ¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬
kakarimasu ka? look forward to tanoshimi ni
!"#$%&'() shimasu
*+,-./01 ­®¯°±²³
how long does it take? dono I’m looking forward to it
kurai kakarimasu ka? tanoshimi ni shite imasu
23456789 ´µ¶¸¹º»¼½
:;<= loose (handle etc) yurui
nagai aida ¾¿À
ABCDEFGHIJKLLo

a long time
>?@ lorry torak·ku
long-distance call ÁÂÃÄ
chokyori-denwa lose nakushimasu
ABCDE ÅÆÇÈÉ
look: I’m just looking, thanks michi ni
I’ve lost my way
miteru dake desu, arigato mayot·te shimaimashita
FGHIJKLM ÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ
NOPQR ÒÓÔ
you don’t look well guai ga I’m lost, I want to get to ...
yoku nasaso desu ne … e ikitai no desu ga,
STUVWXYZ[ mayot·te shimaimashita
\]^_ ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ
look out! ki o tsuete! Þßàáâãäå
`abcde æçè
can I have a look? chot·to I’ve lost my bag bag·gu o
misete kuremasen ka? nakshimashita
fghijklmn éêëìíîï

104
 ðñò un

English ➜ Japanese
luck
lost property (office) A
ishitsubutsu-toriatsukai-jo good luck! umaku ikimasu
óôõö÷ø yoni!
lot: a lot, lots takusan BCDEFGH
ùúûü IJKL
not a lot an-mari oku naku luggage nimotsu
ýþ!"#$%& MN
a lot of people takusan no luggage trolley nimotsu-yo
hito kato
'()*+,- OPQRST
a lot bigger zut·to oki lunch chushoku
./01234 UV
I like it a lot totemo suki boxed lunch obento
desu WXYZ[
56789:; lungs hai
lotion roshon \
<=>?@ zeitaku (na)

ABCDEFGHIJKLMa
luxurious
loud sawagashi ]^_`abc
!"#$
lounge raunji M
%&'(
love (noun) ai
) machine kikai
(verb) daisuki desu de
*+,-. magazine zas·shi
I love JapanNihon ga fg
daisuki desu maid (in hotel)
/0123456 kyakushitsu-gakari
lovely steki (na) hij
789:;< (in Japanese inn, restaurant)
low (prices) yasui nakai-san
=> klmn
(bridge) hikui maiden name kyusei
?@ op

105
 mail (noun) yubin Mareshia
English ➜ Japanese
Malaysia
qr -./01
(verb) yuso shimasu Malaysian (adj) Mareshia
stuvw (no)
is there any mail for me? 23456789
nani ka yubin ga kite imasu man otoko no hito
ka? :;<
xyz{|}~ manager (in restaurant, hotel)
¡¢£¤¥ shihainin
mailbox posuto =>?
¦§¨ (in shop) tencho
main omo (na) @A
©ª«¬ (in business) keieisha
main course mein-kosu BCD
­®¯°±² can I see the manager?
main post office yubinkyoku shihainin ni awasete
no honkyok kuremasen ka?
³´µ¶¸¹ EFGHIJKL
ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

main road odori MNOPQRS

º»¼ managing director shacho
mains switch dengen TU
½¾ manual (car with manual gears)
make (brand name) shurui manyuaru (no)
¿À VWXYZ[\]
(verb) tsukurimasu many takusan (no)
ÁÂÃÄÅ ^_`abcd
I make it 500 yen tat·ta not many amari ok nai
go-hyaku-en desu efghijk
ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ map chizu
what is it made of? nani de lm
dekite imasu ka? network map rosenzu
!"#$%&'( nop
)* March San·gatsu
make-up kesho qr
+, margarine magarin

106
 stuvw Gogatsu

English ➜ Japanese
May
market ichiba ÝÞ
xy may: may I have another one?
(in business) shijo mo hitotsu morat·te mo i
z{ desu ka?
marmalade mamaredo !"#$%&'()
|}~¡¢£ *+,-./0
married: I’m married kek·kon may I come in? hait·te mo i
shite imasu desu ka?
¤¥¦§¨©ª 12345678
are you married? kek·kon 9:
shite imasu ka? may I see it? mite mo i desu
«¬­®¯°±²³ ka?
martial arts budo ;<=>?@ABC
´µ may I sit here? koko ni
mascara masukara suwat·te mo i desu ka?
¶¸¹º DEFGHIJKL
massage (noun) mas·saji MNOP

ABCDEFGHIJKLMe
»¼½¾¿ maybe tabun
mat (Japanese) tatami QRS
ÀÁÂ mayonnaise mayonezu
match (football etc) shiai TUVWX
ÃÄ me* watashi (o)
matches mat·chi YZ[\
ÅÆÇ that’s for me sore wa
material (fabric) kiji watashi no desu
ÈÉ ]^_`abc
matter: it doesn’t matter nan send it to me okut·te
demo i desu kudasai
ÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ defghij
what’s the matter? do me too watashi mo
shimashita ka? kl
ÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ meal gohan, shokuji
mattress futon mnopqr
ÚÛÜ

107
 dialogue chu kurai no
English ➜ Japanese
medium-dry
karasa (no)
did you enjoy your meal? µ¶¸¹º»¼
oshokuji no ho wa ikaga ½¾¿
deshita ka? medium-rare midiamu-rea
it was excellent, thank you (no)
arigato gozaimasu, ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ
totemo oishikat·ta desu ÈÉÊ
medium-sized chu kurai (no)
mean: what do you mean? do ËÌÍÎÏÐÑ
iu koto desu ka? meet aimasu
stuvwxyz{| ÒÓÔÕ
nice to meet you
dialogue hajimemashite
Ö×ØÙÚÛ
what does this word where shall I meet you? doko
mean? kono kotoba wa de aimasho ka?
do iu imi desu ka? ÜÝÞßàáâãä
ABCDEFGHIJKLMe

it means ... in English Eigo åæ

de … to iu imi desu meeting shukai
çè
measles hashika (business) kaigi
}~¡ éê
German measles fushin meeting place
¢£ machi-awase-basho
meat niku ëìíîïðñ
¤ men dansei
mechanic shuriko òó
¥¦§ mend naoshimasu
medicine kusuri ôõö÷ø
¨ could you mend this for me?
medium (adj) chu kurai (no) kore o naoshite kuremasen
©ª«¬­®¯ ka?
(clothes) emu-saizu ùúûüýþ!
°±²³´ "#$%&'(

108
 dansei-yo toire shogo ni

English ➜ Japanese
men’s room at midday
)*+,-. xyz
menswear shinshifuku-uriba middle: in the middle
/01234 man·naka ni
mention: don’t mention it do {|}~
itashimashite in the middle of the night
56789:;< mayonaka ni
menu menyu ¡¢£¤
=>?@ the middle one man·naka
may I see the menu, please? no
menyu o onegai shimasu ¥¦§¨
ABCDEFGHI midnight mayonaka
JK ©ª«
see menu reader page 266 at midnight mayonaka ni
message dengon ¬­®¯
LM might: I might go iku kamo
are there any messages for shiremasen
me? dengon ga nani ka °±²³´µ¶¸¹

ABCDEFGHIJKLMi
arimasen deshita ka? I might not go ikanai kamo
NOPQRSTUV shiremasen
WXYZ[\ º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
I want to leave a message ÂÃÄ
for ... …-san ni dengon o I might want to stay another
onegai shimasu day mo ip·paku suru kamo
]^_`abcde shiremasen
fghij ÅÆÇÈÉÊ
metal kinzoku ËÌÍÎÏÐÑ
kl migraine henzutsu
metre metoru ÒÓÔ
mnop mild (taste) usuaji (no)
microwave (oven) denshi- ÆÉ!×ÏÐÑ
renji (weather) atatakai
qrstu !"#$%
midday shogo mile mairu
vw &'(

109
 miruku DEFG
English ➜ Japanese
milk
)*+ mirror kagami
milkshake miruku-seki HIJ
,-./01 Miss ... …-san
millimetre mirimetoru KLMN
234567 miss: I missed the bus basu ni
mind: never mindki ni noriokuremashita
shinaide kudasai OPQRSTU
89:;<= VWX
>?@A missing: one of my ... is
I’ve changed my mind ki ga missing … ga hitotsu
kawarimashita miatarimasen
!"#$%&'( YZ[\]^_`a
bcd
dialogue there’s a suitcase missing
sutsuesu ga miatarimasen
do you mind if I open the efghijklm
window? mado o akete nopqr
ABCDEFGHIJKLMi

mo i desho ka? mist kiri

no, I don’t mind e, dozo s
mistake (noun) machigai
mine*: it’s mine watashi no tuvw
desu I think there’s a mistake
)*+, domo machigai ga aru yo
mineral water mineraru-uota nan desu ga
-./012345 xyz{|}~¡¢
mints minto £¤¥¦§¨©ª
678 sorry, I’ve made a mistake
minute fun sumimasen,
9 machigaemashita
in a minute sug ni «¬­®¯°±²³
:;< ´µ¶¸
just a minute chot·to mat·te mix-up: sorry, there’s been a
kudasai mix-up sumimasen, techigai
=>?@ABC deshita

110
 ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ mot·to takai/omoshiroi

English ➜ Japanese
ÂÃÄ ()*+,-./
mobile phone keitaidenwa 012
ÅÆÇÈ more than 50 go-ju ijo
modern modan (na) 3456
ÉÊËÌÍÎ more than that sore ijo
moisturizer nyueki 789:
ÏÐ a lot more mot·to takusan
moment: I won’t be a moment ;<=>?@A
sugu modorimasu
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ dialogue
monastery soin
×Ø would you like some
Monday Getsuyobi more? mo sukoshi ikaga
ÙÚÛ desu ka?
money okane no, no more for me,
ÜÝ thanks ie, mo kek·ko
month (this, last, next etc) getsu desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLMo
Þ how about you? sochira
(one, two, three etc) kagetsu wa do desu ka?
ßà I don’t want any more,
monument kinenhi thanks mo kek·ko desu
áâã
moon tsuki morning asa
ä B
moped tansha this morning kesa
åæ CD
more* mot·to in the morning asa ni
çèé EF
can I have some more water, mosquito ka
please? omizu o mo G
sukoshi moraemasu ka? mosquito repellent
êëìíîïðñ kayoke-supure
!"#$%&' HIJKLMN
more expensive/interesting most: I like this one most of all

111
 kore ga ichiban suki desu ´µ¶¸
English ➜ Japanese
OPQRSTUVW mouth kuchi
XY ¹
most of the time taitei move (verb) ugokashimasu
Z[\] º»¼½¾
most tourists taitei no he’s moved to another
ryokokyaku room kare wa
^_`abcde hik·koshimashita
mostly taitei ¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ
fghi could you move your car?
mother (one’s own) haha kuruma o ugokashite
j kuremasen ka?
(someone else’s) oka-san ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
klmn ÑÒÓÔ
mother-in-law (one’s own) giri could you move up a little?
no haha sukoshi tsumete kuremasen
opqr ka?
(someone else’s) giri no oka- ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ
ABCDEFGHIJKLMo

san Þßàá
stuvwxy movie eiga
motorbike otobai âã
z{|}~ movie theater (US) eigakan
motorboat motaboto äåæ
¡¢£¤¥¦§ Mr …-san
motorway kosokudoro çèéê
¨©ª« Mrs …-san
mountain yama !"#$
¬ Ms …-san
up in the mountains yama ni %&'(
­® much takusan (no)
mountaineering tozan )*+,-./
¯° much better zut·to i desu
mouse nezumi 0123456
±²³ much worse nao warui desu
moustache kuchihige 789:;<

112
 zut·to atsui narimasen

English ➜ Japanese
much hotter
=>?@A ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©
not much sukoshi ª«
BCD I mustn’t drink alcohol
not very much amari watashi wa arukoru o
EFG nonde wa ikenain desu
I don’t want very much amari ¬­®¯°±²³´
hoshiku nai desu µ¶¸¹º»¼½
HIJKLMNO ¾¿
PQ mustard masutado
mud doro ÀÁÂÃÄ
RS (Japanese) karashi
mug (for drinking) magukap·pu ÅÆÇ
TUVWX my* watashi no
I’ve been mugged goto ni ÈÉ
osowaremashita myself: I’ll do it myself jibun
YZ[\]^_ de shimasu
`ab ÊËÌÍÎÏ

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa
mum mama by myself jibun de
cd ÐÑÒ
mumps otafuku-kaze
efghij N
museum hakubutsuan
klm
mushrooms kinoko nail (finger) tsume
nop ÓÔ
music on·gaku (metal) kugi
qr ÕÖ
musician on·gak-ka nailbrush tsume-burashi
stu ×ØÙÚÛ
Muslim (adj) Isuramukyo (no) nail varnish manikyua
vwxyz ÜÝÞßà
mussels murugai name namae
{|}~ !"
must: I must ... …-nakereba my name’s John watashi no

113
 namae wa John desu hankagai kara chikai desu
English ➜ Japanese
#$%&'()* ka?
+, nopqrstuv
what’s your name?shitsurei wx
desu ga, onamae wa? do you go near the Osaka-jo?
-./01234 Osaka-jo no chikaku e
56 ikimasu ka?
what is the name of this yz{|}~¡¢£
street? kono tori no namae ¤¥¦§
wa nan desu ka? where is the nearest ...?
789:;<=>? ichiban chikai … wa doko
@ABC desu ka?
napkin napukin ¨©ª«¬­®¯°
DEFG ±²³´µ
nappy omutsu nearby chikai
HIJ ¶¸
narrow (street) semai nearly hotondo
KLM ¹º»¼
ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

nasty (person) iya (na) necessary hitsuyo (na)

NOPQR ½¾¿ÀÁ
(weather, accident etc) hidoi neck kubi
STU ÂÃ
national kokuritsu (no) necklace nek·kuresu
VWXYZ ÄÅÆÇÈ
nationality kokuseki necktie nekutai
[\ ÉÊËÌ
natural shizen (na) need: I need ... … ga hitsuyo
]^_`a desu
nausea hakike ÍÎÏÐÑÒ
bcd do I need to pay? okane wa
navy (blue) kon-iro (no) haraun desho ka?
efghi ÓÔÕÖ×Ø
near … no soba ÙÚÛÜÝÞ
jklm needle hari
is it near the city centre? ß

114
negative (film) nega atarashi

English ➜ Japanese
new
àá IJK
neither: neither (one) of them news (radio, TV etc) nyus
dochira demo nai LMNO
âãäåæçè newsagent’s shimbun-ya
neither ... nor ... … demo … PQR
demo nai newspaper shimbun
éêëìíîïð ST
nephew (one’s own) oi New Year oshogatsu
ñ UVW
(someone else’s) oigo-san Happy New Year!
!"#$ akemashite omedeto
net (in sport) net·to gozaimasu!
%&' XYZ[\]^_`
net price seika abcdefg
() New Year’s Day gantan
never* kes·shite …-masen hi
*+,-./012 omisoka

ABCDEFGHIJKLNe
New Year’s Eve
I never go there soko e wa jkl
kes·shite ikimasen New Zealand Nyu-Jirando
3456789: mnopqrst
;<=>? New Zealander: I’m a New
(never been/done) … koto ga Zealander watashi wa Nyu-
arimasen Jirando-jin desu
@ABCDEFGH uvwxyz{|}
~¡¢£
dialogue next tsugi (no)
¤¥¦§
have you ever been to the next turning/street on the
Tokyo? Tokyo ni it·ta left tsugi no hidari no
koto wa arimasu ka? magarikado/michi
no, I’ve never been there ¨©ª«¬­®¯°
ie, ichido mo it·ta koto at the next stop tsugi no
ga arimasen teiryu-jo de
±²³´µ¶

115
 raishu naitokurabu
English ➜ Japanese
next week nightclub
¸¹ ÝÞßàáâ
next to … no tonari nightdress naitodoresu
º»¼½¾ ãäåæçè
nice (food) oishi yakan no
night porter
¿ÀÁÂ furonto-gakari
(looks, view etc) kirei (na) éêëìíîïð
ÃÄÅÆÇÈ no* (answer) ie
(person) shinsetsu (na) ñòó
ÉÊËÌÍ no ... … ga arimasen
niece (one’s own) mei !"#$%&'
Î I’ve no change kozeni ga
(someone else’s) meigo-san arimasen
ÏÐÑÒ ()*+,-./
night yoru there’s no ... left … ga mo
Ó arimasen
at night yoru ni 012345678
ÔÕ tondemo nai!
ABCDEFGHIJKLNi

no way!
good night oyasuminasai 9:;<=>?
Ö×ØÙÚÛÜ oh no! (upset) masaka!
@ABC
dialogue nobody* dare mo …-masen
DEFGHIJK
do you have a single room there’s nobody there soko
for one night? ip·paku niwa dare mo imasen
desu ga shinguru wa aite LMNOPQRS
imasu ka? TUV
yes, madam hai, noise so-on
gozaimasu WX
how much is it per night? noisy urusai
ip·paku ikura desu ka? YZ[\
5,000 yen ip·paku go- non-alcoholic arukoru-nuki
sen-en ni narimasu (no)
thank you, I’ll take it ja, ]^_`abc
onegai shimasu def

116
none* (people) dare mo Kita-Chosen

English ➜ Japanese
North Korea
…-masen ÌÍÎ
ghijklmn northwest hokusei
(things) dore mo …-masen ÏÐ
opqrstuv Norway Norue
nonsmoking compartment ÑÒÓÔÕ
kin·en-koshitsu Norwegian (adj) Norue (no)
wxyz Ö×ØÙÚÛÜÝ
noodles menrui nose hana
{|} Þ
noon shogo not* …-masen
~¡ ßàáâã
at noon shogo ni no, I’m not hungry ie, onaka
¢£¤ ga suite imasen
no-one* dare mo …-masen äåæçèéêë
¥¦§¨©ª«¬ ìíîïðñò
nor: nor do I watashi mo so I don’t want any, thank you
desu arigato, demo watashi wa

ABCDEFGHIJKLNo
­®¯°±² kek·ko desu
normal futsu (no) !"#$%&'()
³´µ¶¸¹ *+,-./0
north kita it’s not necessary hitsuyo
º nai desu
in the north kita ni 123456
»¼ I didn’t know that sore wa
to the north kita e shirimasen deshita
½¾ 789:;<=>
north of Kanazawa ?@A
Kanazawa no kita not that one sore ja
¿ÀÁÂ arimasen
northeast hokuto BCDEFGHIJ
ÃÄ not that one, this one sore ja
Northern Ireland Kita- nakute, kore desu
Airurando KLMNOPQRS
ÅÆÇÈÉÊË TU

117
 note (banknote) shihei nat·tsu
English ➜ Japanese
nuts
VW ¹º»
notebook techo
XY O
nothing nani mo …-masen
Z[\]^_`
nothing for me, thanks nani Occidental seiyo (no)
mo irimasen ¼½¾¿À
abcdefg occupied (phone) hanashi-chu
novel shosetsu ÁÂÃ
hi (toilet) shiyo-chu
November Juichigatsu ÄÅÆ
jkl October Jugatsu
now ima ÇÈ
mn o’clock ji
number ban·go É
op odd (strange) kawat·ta
(figure) suji ÊËÌÍ
ABCDEFGHIJKLNo

qr of* … no
I’ve got the wrong number ÎÏ
ban·go o off (lights) kiete iru
machigaemashita ÐÑÒÓÔ
stuvwxy sore wa …
it’s just off ...
z{| kara sugu desu
what is your phone number? ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ
denwaban·go wa nan-ban we’re off tomorrow ashita
desu ka? tachimasu
}~¡¢£¤¥¦§ ßàáâãäå
¨© office (place of work) jimusho
number plate namba-pureto æçè
ª«¬­®¯°± officer (said to policeman)
nurse (man) kan·goshi omawari-san
²³´ !"#$%&
(woman) kan·gofu often yoku
µ¶¸ '(

118
 met·ta ni ~¡¢£¤

English ➜ Japanese
not often
)*+, kono
is this train OK for ...?
how often are the buses? densha wa … e ikimasu ka?
basu wa nan-bon kurai ¥¦§¨©ª«¬­
arimasu ka? ®¯°±
-./012345 old (person) toshi o tot·ta
6789: ²³´µ¶
oil (for car) oiru (thing) furui
;<= ¸¹
(for cooking) abura
>?@ dialogue
(for salad) sarada-oiru
ABCDEF how old are you? oikutsu
ointment nanko desu ka?
GH I’m 25 ni-ju-go desu
OK oke and you? anata wa?
IJKL
daijobu desu mukashi-fu

ABCDEFGHIJKLOn
are you OK? old-fashioned
ka? (no)
MNOPQRS º»¼½¾
is that OK with you? sore de old town (old part of town)
i desu ka? kyushigai
TUVWXYZ[\ ¿ÀÁ
is it OK to ...? … shite mo i in the old town kyushigai ni
desu ka? ÂÃÄÅ
]^_`abcd omelette omuretsu
ef ÆÇÈÉ
sore de
that’s OK, thanks on … no ue
kamaimasen, arigato ÊËÌ
ghijklmn on the street tori de
opqrstu ÍÎÏ
I’m OK (nothing for me) watashi is it on this road? sore wa
wa kek·ko desu kono michizoi desu ka?
vwxyz{|} ÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×
(I feel OK) daijobu desu ØÙÚÛ

119
 hikoki de
English ➜ Japanese
on the plane a one-way ticket to ...
ÜÝÞß … made katamichi-kip·pu
on Saturday Doyobi ni o ichi-mai
àáâã TUVWXYZ[\
on television terebi de ]^
äåæç onion tamanegi
I haven’t got it on me ima _`ab
mot·te imasen only … dake
èéêëìíîïð cde
this one’s on me (drink) kore only one hitotsu dake
wa watashi mochi desu fghij
ñòóôõö÷ø it’s only 6 o’clock mada
denki ga
the light wasn’t on rokuji desu
tsuite imasen deshita klmnop
!"#$%&' I’ve only just got here mada
()*+,- tsuita bakari desu
what’s on tonight? komban qrstuvwx
wa nani o yat·te imasu ka? yz
ABCDEFGHIJKLOn

./012345 on/off switch suit·chi

6789: {|}~
once (on one occasion) ik·kai open (adj) hiraita
;< ¡¢£
(formerly) mae ni (verb: door) akemasu
=> ¤¥¦§
(as soon as) it·tan …-tara (of shop) eigyo-chu
?@ABCDEF ¨©ª
at once (immediately) sugu when do you open? koko wa
GH itsu akimasu ka?
one* hitotsu «¬­®¯°±²³
IJK ´µ
the white one shiroi no I can’t get it open akimasen
LMNO ¶¸¹º»
one-way ticket katamichi- in the open air kogai de
kip·pu ¼½¾
PQRS opening times eigyojikan

120
¿ÀÁÂ restaurant)
chumon shite mo

English ➜ Japanese
open ticket opun-chiket·to i desu ka?
ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ BCDEFGHIJ
opera opera KL
ËÌÍ I’ve already ordered mo
operation (medical) shujutsu chumon shimashita
ÎÏ MNOPQRST
operator (telephone) opereta I didn’t order this kore wa
ÐÑÒÓÔÕ chumon shimasen deshita
opposite: the opposite UVWXYZ[\]
direction hantaihoko ^_`
Ö×ØÙ out of order kowarete imasu
the bar opposite mukai no abcdefg
ba ordinary futsu (no)
ÚÛÜÝÞß hijklm
opposite my hotel hoteru no other hoka no
mukaigawa ni nopqr
àáâãäåæçè mo kataho no

ABCDEFGHIJKLOu
the other one
optician megane-ya stuvw
éêëì the other day sujitsu mae
or mata wa xyz
íîï I’m waiting for the others hoka
orange (fruit) orenji no hitotachi o mat·te imasu
!"#$ {|}~¡¢£¤
(colour) orenji-iro (no) ¥¦§¨©ª
%&'()*+, do you have any others?
orange juice orenji-jusu hoka nimo arimasu ka?
-./01234 «¬­®¯°±²³´
orchestra okesutora otherwise samonaito
56789: µ¶¸¹º
order (noun) chumon Oriental toyo (no)
;< »¼½¾¿
(verb) chumon shimasu our(s)* watashitachi no
=>?@A ÀÁÂÃ
can we order now? (in out: he’s out kare wa

121
 gaishutsu-chu desu !"#$%&'(
English ➜ Japanese
ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ )*+,
three kilometres out of town own: my own ...
machi kara san-kiro watashi-jishin no …
ËÌÍÎÏÐ -./01
outdoor pool okugai-puru are you on your own? ohitori
ÑÒÓÔÕ desu ka?
outside … no soto ni 23456789
Ö×ØÙ I’m on my own hitori desu
can we sit outside? soto ni :;<=>
suwaremasu ka? owner mochinushi
ÚÛÜÝÞßàá ?@A
oven obun oyster kaki
âãäå BC
over: over here koko ni
æçè P
over there asoko ni
éêëì
ABCDEFGHIJKLOu

over 500 go-hyaku ijo Pacific Ocean Taiheiyo

íîïðñ DEF
it’s over owarimashita pack (verb)
nimotsu o
òóôõö÷ tsumemasu
overcharge: you’ve overcharged GHIJKLM
me kore wa torisugi desu a pack of ... … hito-pak·ku
øùúûüýþ6! NOPQR
overcoat oba package (parcel) kozutsumi
"#$% ST
overland mail sarubin package holiday pak·ku-
&'( ryoko
overnight (travel) ip·paku (no) UVWXY
)*+,- packed lunch obento
overtake oikoshimasu Z[\
./0123 packet: a packet of cigarettes
owe: how much do I owe you? tabako hito-hako
ikura haraeba i desu ka? ]^_`a

122
 tambo pants (underwear: men’s) pantsu

English ➜ Japanese
paddy field
bcd ÅÆÇ
page (of book) peji (women’s) shotsu
efg ÁÂÃÄ
…-san
could you page Mr ...? (US: trousers) zubon
o yobidashite kuremasen ka? ÌÍÎ
hijklmno pantyhose panti-sutok·kingu
pqrstuvwx ÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×
pagoda to ØÙ
y paper kami
pain itami Ú
z{ (Japanese) washi
I have a pain here koko ga !"
itai desu (newspaper) shimbun
|}~¡¢£¤ #$
painful itai a piece of paper kami
¥¦ ichi-mai
itamidome %&'

ABCDEFGHIJKLPa
painkillers
§¨©ª paper folding origami
painting e ()*
« paper handkerchiefs tis·shu-
pair: a pair of ... hito-kumi pepa
no … +,-./0123
¬­®¯ parcel kozutsumi
palace kyuden 45
°± pardon (me)? (didn’t
pale (colour) usu-… understand/hear) nante
²³´µ imashita ka?
pale blue usu-aoi 6789:;<=
¶¸¹º» >?
pan furaipan parents (one’s own) ryoshin
¼½¾¿À @A
panties (women’s underwear) (someone else’s) goryoshin
shotsu BCD
ÁÂÃÄ park (noun) koen

123
 EF hodo de
English ➜ Japanese
on the pavement
(verb) chushajo ª«¬
GHI pavilion tenjikan
koko ni
can I park here? ­®¯
chusha shite mo i desu ka? pay (verb) shiharaimasu
JKLMNOPQ °±²³´
RSTUVW can I pay, please? okanjo o
parking lot chushajo onegai shimasu
XYZ µ¶¸¹º»¼
part (noun) bubun ½¾¿
[\ it’s already paid for mo
partner (boyfriend, girlfriend etc) harat·te arimasu
patona ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
]^_`a
(in business) kyodo-keiei-sha dialogue
bcdef
party (group) dantai who’s paying? dare ga
gh haraimasu ka?
ABCDEFGHIJKLPa

(celebration) pati I’ll pay watashi ga

ijklm haraimasu
passenger jokyaku no, you paid last time, I’ll
no pay ie, konomae harat·te
passport pasupoto moraimashita, watashi ga
pqrst haraimasu
past*: in the past mae ni
uvw payment shiharai
just past the information ÉÊË
office an·naijo o koete sugu payphone koshudenwa
xyz{|}~¡¢ ÌÍÎÏ
path komichi peaceful shizuka (na)
£¤ !"#$%&
pattern moyo peach momo
¥¦§ '(
pavement hodo peanuts pinat·tsu
¨© )*+,-

124
 nashi n

English ➜ Japanese
pear
./ too many people hito ga
pearl shinju osugi
01 opqrst
peculiar (strange) kawat·ta pepper (spice) kosho
2345 uvwx
pedestrian crossing odanhodo per: per night hito-ban ni
6789 tsui
pedestrian zone hokosha- yz{|}
ten·goku how much per day?
:;<=> ichinichi ikura desu ka?
peg (for washing) sentaku- ~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨
basami per cent pasento
?@ABCDE ©ª«¬­
(for tent) pegu perfect kampeki (na)
FG ®¯°±²
pen pen perfume kosui
HI ³´

ABCDEFGHIJKLPe
pencil empitsu perhaps tabun
JKLM µ¶¸
penfriend pemparu perhaps not tabun chigau
NOPQ desho
penicillin penishirin ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
RSTUV period (of time) kikan
penknife poket·to-naifu ÂÃ
WXYZ[\] (menstruation) seiri
pensioner ÄÅ
nenkin-seikatsu·sha permit (noun) kyoka
^_`ab ÆÇ
people hito person hito
cd ÈÉ
the other people in the hotel personal stereo uokuman
hoteru no hoka no ÊËÌÍÎÏ
tomarikyaku petrol gasorin
efghijklm ÐÑÒÓ

125
 sekiyukan abc
English ➜ Japanese
petrol can
ÔÕÖ pickpocket suri
petrol station gasorin- de
sutando pick up: will you be there to pick
×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ me up? soko made mukae ni
pharmacy yak·kyoku, kite kuremasen ka?
kusuri-ya fghijklmn
!"#$% opqrstuv
Philippines Firipin picnic (noun) piknik·ku
&'()* wxyz{
phone (noun) denwa picture (painting) e
+, |
(verb) denwa shimasu (photo) shashin
-./01 }~
phone book denwacho piece hitotsu
234 ¡¢£
phone box koshudenwa a piece of ... hito-kire no …
5678 ¤¥¦§¨©
ABCDEFGHIJKLPe

phonecard terefon-kado pill piru

9:;<=>? ª«
phone number denwaban·go I’m on the pill piru o nonde
@ABC imasu
photo shashin ¬­®¯°±²³´
DE pillow makura
excuse me, could you take a µ¶¸
photo of us? chot·to pillow case makura-kaba
sumimasen, shashin tot·te ¹º»¼½¾
kuremasen ka? pin (noun) pin
FGHIJKLM ¿À
NOPQRSTUV pinball pachinko
WXYZ[ ÁÂÃÄ
phrasebook kaiwa-hyogen- pine matsu
shu Å
\]^_` pineapple painap·puru
piano piano ÆÇÈÉÊË

126
 pinku-iro (no) sara

English ➜ Japanese
pink plate
ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ Z[
pipe (for smoking) paipu platform purat·to-homu
ÓÔÕ \]^_`ab
(for water) suidokan which platform is it for Nara?
Ö×Ø Nara-iki wa dono purat·to-
pity: it’s a pity homu desu ka?
zan·nen desu cdefghij
ÙÚÛÜ klmnopqr
pizza piza st
ÝÞ play (verb: sports, game) shimasu
place (noun) tokoro uvw
!"# (musical instrument) hikimasu
at your place anata no xyz{
tokoro de (music) kakemasu
$%&'()*+ |}~¡
at his place kare no tokoro (noun: in theatre) shibai
de ¢£

ABCDEFGHIJKLPl
,-./01 playground asobiba
plain (not patterned) muji (no) ¤¥¦§
23456 pleasant kimochi no i
plane hikoki ¨©ª«¬­
789 please (requesting) onegai
by plane hikoki de shimasu
:;<= ®¯°±²³
plant shokubutsu (go ahead) dozo
>? ´µ¶
plasters bansoko yes, please hai, onegai
@ABCDE shimasu
plastic purastik·ku ¸¹º»¼½¾¿À
FGHIJKL could you please ...? … -te
(credit cards) kurejit·to-kado kuremasen ka?
MNOPQRST ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
plastic bag biniru-bukuro ÉÊ
UVWXY please don’t doka yamete

127
 kudasai ni-ten-
English ➜ Japanese
point: two point five
ËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ go
ÓÔ 9.;
pleased: pleased to meet you there’s no point muda desu
hajimemashite <=>?
ÕÖ×ØÙÚ poisonous yudoku (na)
pleasure: my pleasure do @ABCD
itashimashite police keisatsu
ÛÜÝÞßàáâ EF
plenty: plenty of ... takusan no call the police! keisatsu o
… yonde kudasai!
ãäåæçè GHIJKLMN
there’s plenty of time jikan OP
wa jubun arimasu policeman keikan
éêëìíîïðñ QR
that’s plenty, thanks mo police station keisatsu-sho
kek·ko desu, domo STU
òóôõö÷øùú fukei
ABCDEFGHIJKLPl

policewoman
ûüý VW
plug (electrical, for car) puragu polish (noun) tsuyadashi
þ !" XYZ[
(in sink) sen polite teinei (na)
#$ \]^_`ab
plum (Western) sumomo polluted yogoreta
%&' cdef
(Japanese) ume pool (for swimming) puru
() ghi
plumber suido-ya poor (not rich) bimbo (na)
*+, jklmnop
pm gogo (quality) somatsu (na)
-. qrstuv
poached egg otoshi-tamago pop music pop·psu
/01234 wxyz
pocket poket·to pop singer kashu
5678 {|

128
 ninki no aru <=>?

English ➜ Japanese
popular
}~¡¢£ postcode yubimban·go
pork butaniku @ABC
¤¥ poster posuta
port (for boats) minato DEFG
¦§¨ poste restante
(drink) poto-wain kyoku-dome-yubin
©ª«¬­® HIJKL
porter (in hotel) boi post office yubinkyoku
¯°± MNO
portrait shozoga potato chips (US: crisps)
²³´ poteto-chip·pu
posh (restaurant) shareta PQRSTU
µ¶¸¹ pottery (objects) toki
(people) johin (na) VW
º»¼½¾ pound (money) pondo
possible kano (na) XYZ
¿ÀÁÂÃ (weight) paundo

ABCDEFGHIJKLPr
is it possible to ...? [\]^
… -koto ga dekimasu ka? power cut teiden
ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË _`
!" power point konsento
as ... as possible dekiru- abcde
dake … practise: I want to practise my
!"#$%& Japanese Nihon-go o
post (noun: mail) yubin renshu shitai desu
'( fghijklmn
(verb) yuso shimasu op
)*+,- prawns ebi
could you post this for me? qr
kore o tokan shite prefer: I prefer ... … no ho ga
kuremasen ka? suki desu
./0123456 stuvwxyz{
789:; pregnant ninshin-chu (no)
postcard ehagaki |}~¡¢£

129
 prescription (for medicine) daijobu!
English ➜ Japanese
no problem!
shohosen #$%&
¤¥¦§ product seihin
present (gift) purezento '(
¨©ª«¬ program(me) (TV, radio)
president (of country) daitoryo ban·gumi
­®¯ )*
(of company) shacho (theatre, computer) puroguramu
°± +,-./
pretty kirei (na) promise: I promise yakusoku
²³´µ¶¸ shimasu
it’s pretty expensive kanari 01234
takai desu pronounce: how is this
¹º»¼½¾¿ pronounced? kore wa do
price nedan hatsu·on shimasu ka?
ÀÁ 56789:;<=
priest obo-san >?@
ÂÃÄÅ properly (repaired, locked etc)
ABCDEFGHIJKLPr

(Shinto) kan·nushi-san chanto

ÆÇÈÉ ABCD
prime minister soridaijin protection factor fakuta
ÊËÌÍ EFGHI
printed matter insatsubutsu Protestant purotesutanto
ÎÏÐ JKLMNOP
prison keimusho public baths sento
ÑÒÓ QR
private shi-teki (na) public holiday saijitsu
ÔÕÖ×Ø ST
private bathroom sen·yo no public toilets koshubenjo
basu-toire UVWX
ÙÚÛÜÝÞßàá pull hikimasu
probably osoraku YZ[\
âãäå puncture (noun) panku
problem mondai ]^_
!" puppet nin·gyo

130
`a ken·eki

English ➜ Japanese
quarantine
puppet show nin·gyo-geki ÊË
bcd quarter (amount) yom-bun no
puppet theatre (Japanese ichi
traditional) bunraku ÌÍÎÏ
ef (time) ju-go-fun
purple murasaki (no) ÐÑÒ
ghijklm quayside: on the quayside
purse (for money) saifu hatoba de
nop ÓÔÕÖ
(US: handbag) handobag·gu question shitsumon
qrstuv !"
push oshimasu queue (noun) gyoretsu
wxyz #$
pushchair kuruma-isu quick hayai
{|} %&
put okimasu that was quick hayakat·ta
~¡¢£ desu

ABCDEFGHIJKLQu
…o
where can I put ...? '()*+,
doko ni okimasho ka? what’s the quickest way
¤¥¦§¨©ª there? soko ni iku niwa nani
«¬­®¯° ga ichiban hayai desu ka?
could you put us up for the -./01234
night? komban tomete 56789:;<=
itadakemasen desho ka? >?
±²³´µ¶¸¹º fancy a quick drink? ip·pai
»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂà yat·te ikimasen ka?
pyjamas pajama @ABCDEF
ÄÅÆÇ GHIJK
quickly hayaku
Q LM
quiet (place, hotel) shizuka (na)
NOPQRS
quality hinshitsu quiet! shizuka ni!
ÈÉ TUVWX

131
 quite (fairly) kanari ´
English ➜ Japanese
YZ[ in the rain ame no naka de
(very) totemo µ¶¸¹
\]^ it’s raining ame ga fut·te
that’s quite right mat·taku imasu
sono tori desu º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
_`abcdefg rainy season tsuyu
hi ÂÃ
quite a lot kanari takusan raincoat reinkoto
jklmnop ÄÅÆÇÈÉ
rape (noun) fujoboko
R ÊËÌÍ
rare (uncommon) mezurashi
ÎÏÐÑÒ
race (for horses) keiba (steak) reya
qr ÓÔ
(for cars, runners) resu rash (on skin) fukidemono
stu ÕÖ×ØÙ
ABCDEFGHIJKLQu

racket (tennis, squash) raket·to raspberry razuberi

vwxy !"#$%
radiator (of car) rajieta rat nezumi
z{|}~¡ &'(
(in room) damboki rate (for changing money)
¢£¤ ryogae-reto
radio rajio )*+,-
¥¦§ rather: it’s rather good
on the radio rajio de nakanaka i desu
¨©ª« ./012345
rail: by rail tetsudo de I’d rather ... … ho ga i desu
¬­® 6789:;<=
rail pass teikiken raw nama (no)
¯°± >?@AB
railway tetsudo raw fish sashimi
²³ CDE
rain (noun) ame razor kamisori

132
FGHI ³´µ¶¸

English ➜ Japanese
(electric) denki-kamisori (polite interest) honto desu ka?
JKLMNO ¹º»¼½¾¿À
read yomimasu rear lights teru-rampu
PQRS ÁÂÃÄÅÆ
ready yoi ga dekita reasonable (prices etc) tegoro
TUVWXY (na)
are you ready? mo i desu ÇÈÉÊËÌ
ka? receipt reshito
Z[\]^_`a ÍÎÏÐ
I’m not ready yet mada yoi recently saikin
ga dekite imasen ÑÒ
bcdefghij reception (in hotel) furonto
klm ÓÔÕÖ
(for guests) kan·geikai
dialogue ×ØÙ
at reception uketsuke de
itsu ÚÛÜ

ABCDEFGHIJKLRe
when will it be ready?
dekimasu ka? reception desk uketsuke
it should be ready in a couple ÝÞ
of days ni-san-nichi-chu ni receptionist uketsuke-gakari
dekimasu ßàá
(in hotel) furonto-gakari
real hom·mono (no) âãäåæ
nopqr recognize ki ga tsukimasu
really honto ni çèéêëì
stuvwxy recommend: could you
I’m really sorry honto ni recommend ...? osusume
no
sumimasen … o oshiete kuremasen ka?
z{|}~¡¢£¤¥ íîïðñòóôõ
sore wa
that’s really great ö÷øùúûüýþ
honto ni sugoi desu record (music) rekodo
¦§¨©ª«¬­ !"#$
®¯°±² red akai
really? (doubt) honto? !"

133
 aka-wain renta-ka
English ➜ Japanese
red wine rented car
#$%& jklmn
refund (noun) harai-modoshi repair (verb) shuri shimasu
'()* opqrs
can I have a refund? okane o can you repair it? shuri
haraimodoshite kure-masen dekimasu ka?
ka? tuvwxyz{
+,-./012 repeat kurikaeshimasu
3456789 |}~¡¢£
region chiho mo
could you repeat that?
:; ichido it·te kuremasen ka?
registered: by registered mail ¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬
kakitome-yubin de ­®¯°±
<=>? representative (noun: of
registration number company) daihyo
torokuban·go ²³
@ABC reservation yoyaku
shukyo ´µ
ABCDEFGHIJKLRe

religion
DE I’d like to make a reservation
remember: I don’t remember yoyaku o shitai no desu ga
oboete imasen ¶¸¹º»¼½¾¿
FGHIJKLM À
I remember oboete imasu
NOPQRST dialogue
do you remember? oboete
imasu ka? I have a reservation
UVWXYZ[\] yoyaku o shite arimasu
rent (noun: for apartment) yachin yes sir, what name please?
^_ kashikomarimashita,
(verb: car etc) karimasu dochira-sama desu ka?
`abc
to rent rentaru (no) reserve (verb) yoyaku
defg shimasu
rental (for car, boat etc) ryokin ÁÂÃÄÅ
hi

134
dialogue ãäåæçèé

English ➜ Japanese
êëì
can I reserve a table for … made
return: a return to ...
tonight? teburu o no ofuku-kip·pu o
komban yoyaku ichi-mai
dekimasu ka? íîïðñòóô
yes madam, for how many õö÷
people? hai, return ticket ofuku-kip·pu
uketamawarimasu, !"#$
nam·mei-sama desu ka? reverse charge call
for two futari desu korekuto-koru
and for what time? ojikan %&'()*+
wa? reverse gear bak·ku-giya
for eight o’clock hachiji ni ,-./0
onegai shimasu revolting fuyukai (na)
and could I have your 1234567
name please? onamae o rib abarabone
itadakemasu ka? 89:;<

ABCDEFGHIJKLRi
rice (uncooked) kome
rest: I need a rest hitoyasumi =>
sasete kudasai (boiled) gohan
ÆÇÈÉÊËÌ ?@A
ÍÎÏÐ (fried) chahan
the rest of the group hoka BCDEF
no hitotachi rich (person) kanemochi (no)
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ× GHIJKL
restaurant restoran (food) kot·teri shita
ØÙÚÛÜ MNOPQR
restaurant car shokudosha ridiculous bakageta
ÝÞß STUV
rest room toire right (correct) tadashi
àáâ WXY
watashi
retired: I’m retired (not left) migi (no)
wa teinen-taishoku Z[\]
shimashita you were right anata no iu

135
 tori deshita ripe (fruit) jukushita
English ➜ Japanese
^_`abcdef ØÙÚ
gÒV rip-off: it’s a rip-off! hogai na
that’s right so desu nedan desu!
ijkl ÛÜÝÞßàáâ
this can’t be right kon·na rip-off prices hogai na
hazu wa nai desu nedan
mnopqrst ãäåæç
uv risky kiken (na)
right here chodo koko de èéê
wxyz{|} river kawa
is this the right road for ...? ë
…e iku niwa kono michi road michi
de i desu ka? ì
~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ kore
is this the road for ...?
©ª«¬­®¯ wa … e iku michi desu ka?
on the right migi ni íîïðñòóô
°± !"#$
ABCDEFGHIJKLRi

to the right migi e down the road konosaki

²³ %&'(
turn right migi e magat·te road map dorochizu
kudasai )*+,
´µ¶¸¹º»¼ roadsign doro-hyoshiki
½¾ -./0
right-hand drive migi- rob: I’ve been robbed goto ni
handoru (no) osowaremashita
¿ÀÁÂÃ 1234567
ring (on finger) yubiwa 89:
ÄÅÆ rock iwa
I’ll ring you atode denwa ;
shimasu (music) rok·ku
ÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎ <=>
ring back orikaeshi denwa on the rocks (whisky)
shimasu on-za-rok·ku de
ÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ× ?@ABCD

136
roll (bread) rorupan }~¡¢£¤¥¦§

English ➜ Japanese
EFGHI ¨©ª«¬­®
roof (of house) yane rubber (material) gomu
JK ¯°
(of car) rufu (eraser) keshigomu
LMN ±²³´
room heya rubber band wagomu
OP µ¶¸
in my room watashi no heya rubbish (waste) gomi
de ¹º
QRSTU (poor quality goods) garakuta
room service rumu-sabisu »¼½¾
VWXYZ[\ rubbish! (nonsense)
rope ropu bakabakashi!
]^_ ¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
rosé (wine) roze rucksack ryuk·ku-sak·ku
`a ÆÇÈÉÊËÌ
roughly (approximately) daitai shitsurei (na)

ABCDEFGHIJKLRu
rude
bcde ÍÎÏÐÑ
round: it’s my round watashi ruins iseki
no ban desu ÒÓ
fghij rum ramu-shu
round-trip ticket ÔÕÖ
ofuku-kip·pu rum and Coke® ramu-shu
klmn no kora-wari
a round-trip ticket to ... ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
… made no ofuku-kip·pu run (verb: person) hashirimasu
o ichi-mai !"#$
opqrstuv I’ve run out of money okane
wxy ga soko o tsukimashita
route ikikata %&'()*+
z{| ,-.
what’s the best route?dore rush hour ras·shu-awa
ga ichiban i ikikata desu /012345
ka?

137
 {|
English ➜ Japanese
S
the same as this kore to
onaji no
sad kanashi }~¡¢£¤
6789 the same again, please onaji
saddle (for bike) sadoru no o mo hitotsu kudasai
:;< ¥¦§E¨©ª«¬
safe (adj) anzen (na) ­®¯°
=>?@A it’s all the same to me
safety pin anzen-pin dot·chi demo onaji desu
BCDE ±²³´µ¶¸¹º
sailboard (noun) safubodo sand suna
FGHIJK »¼
sailboarding uindosafingu sandals sandaru
LMNOPQRS ½¾¿À
TU (wooden) geta
sailing seringu ÁÂ
VWXYZ sandoit·chi
ABCDEFGHIJKLSa

sandwich
sake bottle tok·kuri ÃÄÅÆÇÈ
[\]^ sanitary napkins/towels
sake cup sakazuki seiri-yo napukin
_`ab ÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
salad sarada sash obi
cde Ð
salad dressing dores·shingu Saturday Doyobi
fghijk ÑÒÓ
sale: for sale uridashi-chu sauce sosu
lmnop ÔÕÖ
salesman serusuman saucepan katatenabe
qrstuv ×ØÙÚ
salmon sake saucer ukezara
wx !"#
salt shio sauna sauna
yz !"#
same: the same onaji sausage soseji

138
$%&'( pqr

English ➜ Japanese
say (verb) imasu scooter sukuta
)*+, stuvw
how do you say ... in scotch Sukot·chi-uisuki
Japanese? Nihon-go de … xyz{|}~¡¢
o nan te imasu ka? Scotch tape® serotepu
-./01234 £¤¥¦§
56789: Scotland Sukot·torando
what did he say? kare wa ¨©ª«¬­®
nan te imashita ka? Scottish (adj) Sukot·torando
;<=>?@ABC (no)
DE ¯°±²³´µ
she said ... kanojo wa … to ¶¸¹
imashita I’m Scottish watashi wa
FGHIJKL Sukot·torando-jin desu
MNO º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ
could you say that again? ÃÄÅ
mo ichido it·te kuremasen iri-tamago

ABCDEFGHIJKLSe
scrambled eggs
ka? ÆÇÈÉÊ
PQRSTUVW screen (Japanese) byobu
XYZ[\]^ ËÌÍÎ
scarf sukafu scroll (hanging) kakejiku
_`ab ÏÐÑÒ
scenery keshiki (rolled) makimono
cde ÓÔÕÖ
schedule yotei sea umi
fg ×
(US: timetable) jikokuhyo by the sea umibe de
hij ØÙÚ
scheduled flight teikibin seafood shifudo
klm ÛÜÝÞß
school gak·ko seafront kaigan-zoi
no àáâã
scissors: a pair of scissors on the seafront kaigan-zoi ni
hasami äåæçè

139
 hanko cde
English ➜ Japanese
seal: personal seal
éêë second-hand chuko (no)
search (verb) sagashimasu fghij
ìíîïð second floor san-kai
seasick: I feel seasick fune ni kl
yoimashita (US) ni-kai
!"#$%&' mn
I get seasick funayoi suru secretary hisho
tachi desu op
()*+,-./0 see mimasu
seaside: by the seaside qrs
kaigan de can I see? mite mo i desu
123 ka?
seat seki tuvwxyz{|
4 have you seen ...? …o
kono seki
is this seat taken? mimashita ka?
wa fusagat·te imasu ka? }~¡¢£¤¥¦
56789:;< kesa
ABCDEFGHIJKLSe

I saw him this morning

=>?@AB kare ni aimashita
seat belt shito-beruto §¨©ª«¬­®¯
CDEFGH see you! ja, mata!
seaweed kaiso °±²³´µ
IJ I see (I understand)
secluded hempi (na) naruhodo
KLMNOP ¶¸¹º
second (adj) ni-bam·me (no) self-service serufu-sabisu
QRSTUV »¼½¾¿ÀÁ
(of time) byo sell urimasu
W ÂÃÄÅ
chot·to
just a second! do you sell ...? … wa
mat·te kudasai! arimasu ka?
XYZ[\]^_` ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ
ab Sellotape® serotepu
second class (train etc) ÎÏÐÑÒ
futsuseki send okurimasu

140
 ÓÔÕÖ nuimasu

English ➜ Japanese
sew
I want to send this to England IJKL
kore o Igirisu ni okuritai could you sew this back on?
no desu ga kore o nuitsukete
×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ kuremasen ka?
ßàáâãäåæ MNOPQRST
separate betsubetsu (no) UVWXYZ[
çèéêëìí sex sek·kusu
separated: I’m separated \]^_
watashi wa bek·kyo-chu sexy sekushi (na)
desu `abcdef
îïðñòóô shade: in the shade hikage
separately (pay, travel) ni
betsubetsu ni ghij
õö÷øù shallow (water) asai
September Kugatsu kl
úû shame: what a shame! (it’s a
serious (problem) judai (na) pity) zan·nen!

ABCDEFGHIJKLSh
!"#$% mno
(illness) omoi shampoo (noun) shampu
&'( pqrst
(person) majime (na) shampoo and set shampu to
)*+,-. set·to
service charge (in restaurant) uvwxyz{|}
sabisu-ryo share (verb: room) aibeya ni
/0123 narimasu
service station ~¡¢£¤¥¦§
gasorin-sutando (table) aiseki shimasu
456789:; ¨©ª«¬
serviette napukin sharp (knife) yoku kireru
<=>? ­®¯°±
set menu teishoku (pain) surudoi
@A ²³´µ
several ikutsuka (no) shaver denki-kamisori
BCDEFGH ¶¸¹º»¼

141
 shebingu-fomu
English ➜ Japanese
shaving foam I got an electric shock from
½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ the ... … de kanden
Æ shimashita
shaving point -./01234
denki-kamisori-yo shocking hidoi
konsento 567
ÇÈÉÊËÌÍ shoe kutsu
ÎÏÐÑÒ 89
she* kanojo a pair of shoes kutsu is·soku
ÓÔ :;<=
is she here? kanojo wa shoelaces kutsu·himo
imasu ka? >?@A
ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜ shoe polish kutsuzumi
sheet (for bed) shitsu BCDE
ÝÞß shoe repairer kutsunaoshi
shelf tana FGHIJ
àá shop mise
kai K
ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

shellfish
â shopping: I’m going shopping
sherry sheri kaimono ni ikimasu
ãäåæ LMNOPQR
Shinto (adj) Shinto (no) shopping centre
çèéêë shop·pingu-senta
Shintoism Shinto STUVWXYZ
ìí [\
ship fune shop window shouindo
î ]^_`abcd
by ship fune de shore (of sea) umibe
!" ef
shirt shatsu (of lake) kishibe
#$% gh
shit! kuso! short (person) se no hikui
&'( ijkl
shock (noun) shok·ku (time, journey) mijikai
)*+, mnop

142
 chikamichi shower (in bathroom) shawa

English ➜ Japanese
shortcut
qr !"#$
shorts pantsu (of rain) niwaka-ame
stu %&'(
should: what should I do? do with shower shawa-tsuki
shitara i desho? (no)
vwxyz{| )*+,-./01
}~¡¢£ shower gel bodi-sopu
you should ... … -ta ho ga i 2345678
desu shrine jinja
¤¥¦§¨©ª« 9:
¬­ shut (verb) shimemasu
you shouldn’t ... … -nai ho ;<=>
ga i desu when do you shut? koko wa
®¯°±²³´µ¶ nanji ni shimarimasu ka?
¸¹ ?@ABCDE
kare
he should be back soon FGHIJK
wa sugu modot·te kuru itsu

ABCDEFGHIJKLSi
when does it shut?
hazu desu shimarimasu ka?
º»¼½¾¿À LMNOPQRST
ÁÂÃÄÅÆ they’re shut shimat·te imasu
shoulder kata UVWXYZ[
ÇÈ I’ve shut myself out kagi o
shout (verb) sakebimasu naka ni wasuremashita
ÉÊËÌÍ \]^_`ab
show (in theatre) sho cde
ÎÏÐ shut up! damare!
could you show me? misete fghi
kuremasen ka? shutter (on camera) shat·ta
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×Ø jklmn
ÙÚ (on window) amado
(direction) oshiete kuremasen opq
ka? sick (ill) byoki (no)
ÛÜÝÞßàáâã rstuv
äå I’m going to be sick (vomit)

143
 hakiso desu onaji yo (na)
English ➜ Japanese
similar
wxyz{| ÓÔÕÖ×
side yoko simple (easy) kantan (na)
}~ ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ
the other side of the street since: since last week senshu
tori no mukogawa kara
¡¢£¤¥¦§ ßàáâ
side street wakimichi since I got here koko ni kite
¨©ª irai
sidewalk hodo ãäåæçèé
«¬ sing utaimasu
on the sidewalk hodo de êëìí
­®¯ Singapore Shin·gaporu
sight: the sights of ... … no !"#$%&
meisho singer kashu
°±²³ '(
sightseeing: we’re going … made
single: a single to ...
sightseeing kanko ni katamichi-kip·pu o
ABCDEFGHIJKLSi

dekakeru tsumori desu ichi-mai

´µ¶¸¹º»¼½ )*+,-./01
¾¿À 2
sightseeing tour kankoryoko I’m single watashi wa
ÁÂÃÄ dokushin desu
sign kamban 345678
ÅÆ single bed shin·guru-bed·do
(roadsign) hyoshiki 9:;<=>?
ÇÈ single room shin·guru
signature shomei @ABC
ÉÊ single ticket
silk kinu katamichi-kip·pu
ËÌ DEFG
silly baka (na) sink (in kitchen) nagashi
ÍÎÏÐÑ HIJ
silver (noun) gin sister (elder: one’s own) ane
Ò K

144
 (someone else’s) one-san yaseta

English ➜ Japanese
skinny
LMNO ¸¹º
(younger: one’s own) imoto skirt sukato
P »¼½¾
(someone else’s) imoto-san sky sora
QRS ¿
sister-in-law (elder: one’s own) skyscraper kosobiru
giri no ane ÀÁÂÃ
TUVW sleep (verb) nemurimasu
(someone else’s) giri no ÄÅÆÇ
one-san did you sleep well? yoku
XYZ[\]^ nemuremashita ka?
(younger: one’s own) giri no ÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
imoto sleeper (on train)
_`ab shindaisha
(someone else’s) giri no ÑÒÓ
imoto-san sleeping bag nebukuro
cdefgh ÔÕ

ABCDEFGHIJKLSl
koko ni
sit: can I sit here? sleeping car shindaisha
suwat·te mo i desu ka? Ö×Ø
ijklmnopq sleeping pill suimin·yaku
rstu ÙÚÛ
is anyone sitting here? koko sleeve sode
ni wa dare ka suwat·te ÜÝ
imasu ka? slide (photographic) suraido
vwxyz{|}~ Þßàá
¡¢£¤¥¦ slippers surip·pa
sit down suwarimasu !"#$
§¨©ª slippery suberiyasui
sit down osuwari kudasai %&'()*
«¬­®¯°± slow osoi
size saizu +,-
²³´ slow down! mot·to
skin hifu yuk·kuri!
µ¶ ./012345

145
 yuk·kuri §¨©ª«¬­®
English ➜ Japanese
slowly
6789 so: it’s so good totemo i desu
very slowly unto yuk·kuri ¯°±²³´µ
:;<=>?@ it’s so expensive totemo
small chisai takai desu
ABCD ¶¸¹º»¼½
smell: it smells (smells bad) not so much son·na ni
nioimasu ne takusan ja naku
EFGHIJ ¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
smile (verb) hohoemimasu ÆÇÈÉ
KLMNOP not so bad son·na ni
smoke (noun) kemuri waruku nai
QRS ÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ
do you mind if I smoke? so am I watashi mo so desu
tabako o sut·te mo i desu ÒÓÔÕÖ×
ka? so do I watashi mo so desu
TUVWXYZ[ ØÙÚÛÜÝ
\]^_`a mama desu
ABCDEFGHIJKLSl

so-so
I don’t smoke tabako wa Þßàáâã
suimasen soaking solution (for contact
bcdefghij lenses) hozon·eki
do you smoke? tabako o äåæ
suimasu ka? soap sek·ken
klmnopqr çèéê
st soap powder kona-sek·ken
snack: just a snack chot·to ëìíîï
oyatsu sober shirafu (no)
uvwxyz{ ðñòóôõ
sneeze (noun) kushami o sock sok·kusu
shimasu ö÷øù
|}~¡¢£¤¥ socket (electrical) soket·to
snow yuki úûüý
¦ soda (water) soda-sui
it’s snowing yuki ga fut·te þ !"#
imasu sofa sofa

146
 $%&' tokidoki

English ➜ Japanese
sometimes
soft (material etc) yawarakai |}~¡
!"#$% somewhere doko ka
soft-boiled egg ¢£¤
hanjuku-tamago son (one’s own) musuko
&'()* ¥¦
soft drink sofuto-dorinku (someone else’s) musuko-san
+,-./01 §¨©ª
soft lenses sofuto-kontakuto song uta
23456789 «
sole (of shoe) kutsu no soko son-in-law (one’s own) giri no
:;<= musuko
(of foot) ashi no ura ¬­®¯°
>?@ (someone else’s) giri no
could you put new soles on musuko-san
these? kutsu no soko o ±²³´µ¶¸
harikaete kuremasen ka? soon sugu
ABCDEFGHI ¹º

ABCDEFGHIJKLSo
JKLMNOPQ I’ll be back soon sugu
some: can I have some modot·te kimasu
water/apples? mizu/rin·go »¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ
o sukoshi moraemasu ka? as soon as possible
RSTUVWXYZ narubeku hayaku
[\]^_`a ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉ
can I have some?sukoshi sore: it’s sore itai desu
morat·te mo i desu ka? ÊËÌÍ
bcdefgh sore throat nodo no itami
ijklmno ÎÏÐÑÒ
somebody, someone dare ka I’ve got a sore throat nodo
pqr ga itai desu
something nani ka ÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ
st sorry: (I’m) sorry domo
something to eat nani ka sumimasen
taberu mono ÚÛÜÝÞßàá
uvwxyz{ sorry? (didn’t understand) nante

147
 imashita ka? Spanish (adj) Supein (no)
English ➜ Japanese
âãäåæçèéê HIJKLMN
sort: what sort of ...? dono spare tyre yobi no taiya
yona …? OPQRST
ëìíîïðñ speak: do you speak English?
soup supu Eigo o hanasemasu ka?
òóô UVWXYZ[\]
sour (taste) sup·pai I don’t speak ... … wa
õö÷ø hanasemasen
south minami ^_`abcd
ù
in the south minami ni dialogue
úû
South Africa can I speak to Yoko?
Minami-Afurika Yoko-san wa
!"#$% iras·shaimasu ka?
South African (adj) who’s calling?
Minami-Afurika (no) dochira-sama desu ka?
ABCDEFGHIJKLSo

&'()*+,- it’s Patricia Patricia desu

watashi wa
I’m South African I’m sorry, Yoko’s not in,
Minami-Afurika-jin desu can I take a message?
./012345 moshiwake arimasen ga,
67 Yoko wa ima rusu ni
southeast nanto shite orimasu, nani ka
89 den·gon wa arimasu ka?
South Korea Kankoku no thanks, I’ll call back
:; later ie, kek·ko desu,
southwest nansei atode kakenaoshimasu
<= please tell her Patricia
souvenir omiyage called kanojo ni Patricia
>?@A kara denwa ga at·ta to
soya milk tonyu otsutae kudasai
BC
Spain Supein spectacles megane
DEFG efg

148
 sokudoseigen kit·te o kudasai

English ➜ Japanese
speed limit
hijk what are you sending?
spend okane o tsukaimasu nani o yuso saremasu ka?
lmnopqrs this postcard kono hagaki
spider kumo desu
tu
spin-dryer das·suiki standby kyanseru-machi
vwx ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ
spoon spun star hoshi
yz{| ÈÉ
sport spotsu (in film) suta
}~¡¢ ÊËÌ
sprain: I’ve sprained my ... … start (noun) sutato
o kujiite shimaimashita ÍÎÏÐ
£¤¥¦§¨©ª« (verb) hajimemasu
¬­® ÑÒÓÔ
spring (season) haru when does it start? itsu
¯ hajimarimasu ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLSt
(of car, seat) spuringu ÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ
°±²³´ the car won’t start kuruma
in the spring haru ni no enjin ga kakarimasen
µ¶ !"#$%&'()
square (in town) hiroba *+,-
¸¹ starter (of car) shidoki
stairs kaidan ./0
º» (food) zensai
stale furui 12
¼½¾ station eki
stamp (noun) kit·te 3
¿À statue zo
4
dialogue stay: where are you staying?
doko ni tomat·te imasu ka?
a stamp for England, 56789:;<
please Igirisu made no =>?@

149
 … ni ¿ÀÁ
English ➜ Japanese
I’m staying at ...
tomat·te imasu keep still! ugokanaide
ABCDEFGHI kudasai!
I’d like to stay another two ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÉ
nights mo ni-haku shitai to ÊËÌ
omoimasu sting: I’ve been stung hachi
JKLMNOPQR ni sasaremashita
STUV ÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕ
steak steki stockings stok·kingu
WXYZ Ö×ØÙÚÛ
steal nusumimasu stomach onaka
[\]^ ÜÝÞ
my bag has been stolen stomach ache fukutsu
bag·gu o nusumaremashita ßà
_`abcde stone (rock) ishi
fgh á
steep (hill) kewashi stop (verb) tomarimasu
ijkl âãäåæ
ABCDEFGHIJKLSt

step: on the steps kaidan de please, stop here (to taxi driver
mno etc) koko de tomete kudasai
sterling Igirisu-pondo çèéêëìíî
pqrstuv ïð
steward (on plane) schuwado do you stop near ...? … no
wxyz{| chikaku de tomarimasu ka?
stewardess schuwadesu ñòóôõö÷ø
}~¡¢£¤¥ ùúûü
still: I’m still here mada koko stop it! yamete kudasai!
ni imasu ýþ!"#$%&
¦§¨©ª«¬­ stopover keiyu
(on the phone) hai, '(
moshi-moshi storm arashi
®¯°±²³´ !"#
kare wa
is he still there? straight (whisky) storeto
mada soko ni imasu ka? $%&'(
µ¶¸¹º»¼½¾ it’s straight ahead mas·sugu

150
it·ta tokoro desu shimaimashita

English ➜ Japanese
)*+,-./01 lmnopqr
234 stu
straightaway sugu ni student gakusei
567 vw
strange (odd) hen (na) stupid baka (na)
89:;< xyz{|
stranger shiranai hito suburb kogai
=>?@AB }~
I’m a stranger here koko wa subway (US: railway)
hajimete desu chikatetsu
CDEFGHIJ ¡¢£
strap (on watch) bando suddenly totsuzen ni
KLM ¤¥¦
(on dress, suitcase) storap·pu suede suedo
NOPQR §¨©ª
strawberry ichigo sugar sato
STU «¬­

ABCDEFGHIJKLSu
straw mat tatami suit (noun) sutsu
VWX ®¯°
stream kawa it doesn’t suit me (jacket etc)
Y watashi niwa niaimasen
street tori ±²³´µ¶¸¹º
Z[ it suits you yoku niaimasu
on the street tori de »¼½¾¿ÀÁ
\]^ suitcase sutsukesu
streetmap dorochizu ÂÃÄÅÆÇ
_`ab summer natsu
string himo È
cd in the summer natsu ni
strong tsuyoi ÉÊ
efg sumo wrestling sumo
stuck tsukaeta ËÌÍ
hijk sun taiyo
it’s stuck tsukaete ÎÏ

151
 hinata de sugoi
English ➜ Japanese
in the sun super
!"#$ ghi
out of the sun hikage de supermarket supa
%&'( jklm
sunbathe nik·koyoku supper yushoku
)*+ no
sunblock (cream) supplement (extra charge)
hiyake-dome tsuikaryokin
,-./0 pqrs
sunburn hiyake supply (noun) takuwae
123 tuvw
sunburnt hiyake shita (verb) chotatsu shimasu
45678 xyz{|
Sunday Nichiyobi sure: are you sure? tashika
9:; desu ka?
sunglasses san·gurasu }~¡¢£¤¥
<=>?@ sure! mochiron!
harete imasu ¦§¨©ª
ABCDEFGHIJKLSu

sunny: it’s sunny

ABCDEF surface mail sarubin
sunset nichibotsu «¬­
GH surname myoji
sunshade hiyoke ®¯
IJK sweater seta
sunshine nik·ko °±²³
LM sweatshirt torena
sunstroke nis·shabyo ´µ¶¸¹
NOP Sweden Sueden
suntan hiyake º»¼½¾¿
QRS Swedish (adj) Sueden (no)
suntan lotion santan-roshon ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
TUVWXYZ[\ sweet (adj: taste) amai
suntanned hi ni yaketa ÉÊË
]^_`a sweets kyandi
suntan oil san-oiru ÌÍÎÏÐÑ
bcdef swelling hare

152
ÒÓ seki

English ➜ Japanese
swim (verb) oyogimasu STUVW
ÔÕÖ× tablecloth teburu-
I’m going for a swim oyogi ni kurosu
ikimasu XYZ[\]^
!"#$%&' table tennis tak·kyu
let’s go for a swim oyogi ni _`
ikimasho table wine teburu-wain
()*+,-./0 abcdefg
swimming costume mizugi tailor shinshifuku-ten
12 hijk
swimming pool puru Taiwan Taiwan
345 lm
swimming trunks mizugi take (verb: lead a person) tsurete
67 ikimasu
switch (noun) suit·chi nopqrst
89:; (object) mot·te ikimasu
switch off (engine) uvwxyz{

ABCDEFGHIJKLTa
tomemasu (accept) torimasu
<=>? |}~¡
(TV, lights) keshimasu can you take me to the ...?
@ABC … made tsurete it·te
switch on (engine) kakemasu kuremasen ka?
DEFG ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª
(TV, lights) tsukemasu «¬­®¯°±
HIJK do you take credit cards?
swollen hareta kurejit·to-kado wa
LMN tsukaemasu ka?
²³´µ¶¸¹º»
T ¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ
fine, I’ll take it ja, sore ni
shimasu
table teburu ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË
OPQR can I take this? (leaflet etc)
a table for two futari-bun no kore o morat·te mo i

153
 desu ka? tan (noun) hiyake
English ➜ Japanese
ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ JKL
ÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ to get a tan hiyake shimasu
jikan
how long does it take? MNOPQR
wa dono kurai kakarimasu tap jaguchi
ka? STU
ÚÛÜÝÞßàáâ tape (cassette) tepu
ãäåæçè VWX
it takes three hours san-jikan taste (noun) aji
kakarimasu Y
éêëìíîïð can I taste it? ajimi shite mo
kono seki
is this seat taken? i desu ka?
wa fusagat·te imasu ka? Z[\]^_`ab
ñòóôõö÷ø cd
ùúûüýþ taxi takushi
hamburger to take away efgh
hambaga o teiku·auto de will you get me a taxi?
!"#$%&'() takushi o yonde kuremasen
ABCDEFGHIJKLTa

*+,-! ka?
can you take a little off here? ijklmnopq
(to hairdresser) koko o mo rstuvw
sukoshi kit·te kuremasen ka? where can I find a taxi? doko
"#$%&'()*+ de takushi o
,-./0123 tsukamaeraremasu ka?
talcum powder xyz{|}~¡¢
tarukam-pauda £¤¥¦§¨©ª«
456789:;
talk (verb) hanashimasu dialogue
<=>?
tall (person) se ga takai to the airport/to the ...
@ABC Hotel, please kuko/…
(building) takai hoteru made, onegai
DE shimasu
tampons tampon how much will it be? ikura
FGHI kurai kakarimasu ka?

154
 daitai ni- ðñòóôõö÷ø

English ➜ Japanese
about 2,500 yen
sen-go-hyaku-en desu telephone denwa
that’s fine right here, !"
thanks sumimasen, koko see phone
de oroshite kudasai television terebi
!"#
taxi-driver takushi no kare
tell: could you tell him ...?
untenshu ni … to tsutaete kuremasen
¬­®¯°±²³ ka?
taxi rank takushi-noriba $%&'()*+,
´µ¶¸¹º» -./01
tea (drink) kocha temperature (weather) kion
¼½ 23
green tea ocha (fever) netsu
¾¿ 45
tea for one/two pleasekocha temple (Buddhist) otera
o hitotsu/futatsu kudasai 67
ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ tento

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh
tent
ÉÊËÌÍ 89:
teabags tibag·gu term (at university, school) gak·ki
ÎÏÐÑÒÓ ;<
teach: could you teach me? terminus (rail) shuten
oshiete kuremasen ka? =>
ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝ terrible hidoi
teacher sensei ?@A
Þß text (message) ketai meru
teahouse kis·sa-ten ÅÆpqr
àáâ terrific subarashi
team chimu BCDEF
ãäå than … yorimo
teaspoon tisupun GHIJ
æçèéêëì smaller than ... … yorimo
tea towel fukin chisai
íîï KLMNOPQR
teenager tin·eija thank: thank you, thanks

155
 arigato suteki desu
English ➜ Japanese
that’s nice
STUVW ³´µ¶¸
thank you very much honto is that ...? sore wa … desu
ni arigato gozaimasu ka?
XYZ[\]^_` ¹º»¼½¾¿À
abcdef that’s it (that’s right) sono tori
thanks for the lift nosete desu
kurete arigato ÁÂÃÄÅÆÇ
ghijklmn the* sono
opq ÈÉ
no thanks ie kek·ko desu theatre gekijo
rstuvwxy ÊË
z{ their(s)* (male) karera no
ÌÍÎ
dialogue (female) kanojotachi no
ÏÐÑÒÓ
thanks arigato them* (things) sore
!"
ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

that’s OK, don’t mention it

ie, do itashimashite (male) karera (o)
!"#$%
that (nearby) sore (female) kanojotachi (o)
|} &'()*+,
(further away) are for them karera/kanojotachi
~¡ no tame ni
(adj: nearby) sono -./01234
¢£ 567
(further away) ano with themkarera/
¤¥ kanojotachi to is·sho ni
that one (nearby) sore 89:;<=>
¦§ ?@AB
(further away) are to them karera/kanojotachi
¨© ni
I hope that ... … -tara i desu CDEFGHIJ
ne who? – them dare desu ka? –
ª«¬­®¯°±² karera/kanojotachi desu

156
 KLMNOPQ they* (things) sorera

English ➜ Japanese
RSTUVWXYZ ÅÆÇ
then (at that time) sono toki (male) karera
[\] ÈÉ
(after that) sore kara (female) kanojotachi
^_`a ÊËÌÍ
there soko de thick atsui
bcd ÎÏ
over there muko ni (stupid) nibui
efgh ÐÑÒ
up there asoko ni thief dorobo
ijkl ÓÔÕÖ
is there ...? … ga arimasu thigh momo
ka? ×Ø
mnopqrst thin (person) yaseta
are there ...? … ga arimasu ÙÚÛ
ka? (object) usui
uvwxyz{| ÜÝÞ

ABCDEFGHIJKLTh
there is ... … ga arimasu thing mono
}~¡¢£¤ ßà
there are ... ga arimasu my things watashi no
¥¦§¨©ª shibutsu
there you are (giving áâãä
something) hai, dozo think kan·gaemasu
«¬­®¯° !"#$
Thermos® flask mahobin I think so watashi wa so
±²³´ omoimasu
these* korera %&'()*+,-
µ¶¸ I don’t think so
(adj) kono watashi wa so wa
¹º omoimasen
I’d like these kore ga ki ni ./012345
irimashita 678
»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂà I’ll think about it sore ni
Ä tsuite wa kan·gaete

157
 okimasu tot·te
English ➜ Japanese
through
9:;<=>?@A ¢£¤
BCDEF does it go through ...? (train,
third party insurance bus) … o torimasu ka?
daisansha-hoken ¥¦§¨©ª«¬
GHIJK throw (verb) nagemasu
thirsty: I’m thirsty nodo ga ­®¯°
kawakimashita throw away sutemasu
LMNOPQRST ±²³´
this kore thumb oya-yubi
UV µ¶¸¹
(adj) kono thunderstorm rai-u
WX º»
this one kore Thursday Moku·yobi
YZ ±²³
this is my wife watashi no ticket ken
tsuma desu ¼
[\]^_ (for transport) kip·pu
ABCDEFGHIJKLTh

is this ...? kore wa … desu ½¾

ka?
`abcdefg dialogue
those arera
hij a return to Sendai Sendai
(adj) ano made ofuku-kip·p o
kl ichi-mai
which ones? – those dore coming back when? kaeri
desu ka? – are desu wa itsu desu ka?
mnopqrstu today/next Tuesday
vw kyo/tsugi no Kayobi
thread (noun) ito desu
xy that will be 13,000 yen
throat nodo ichi-man-san-zen-en ni
z{ narimasu
throat pastilles torochi
|}~¡ ticket office kip·pu-uriba

158
 ¿ÀÁÂÃ tsukaremashita

English ➜ Japanese
I’m tired
tie (necktie) nekutai >?@ABC
ÄÅÆÇ tissues tis·shu
tight (clothes etc) kitsui DEFGH
ÈÉÊ to: to Tokyo/London Tokyo/
it’s too tight kitsu·sugimasu Rondon e
ËÌÍÎÏÐ IJKLMNOP
tights panti-sutok·kingu to Japan/Britain nip·pon/
ÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙ Igirisu e
ÚÛ QRSTUVWX
time* jikan to the post office yubin-
ÜÝ kyoku e
what’s the time? ima nanji YZ[\
desu ka? toast (bread) tosuto
Þßàáâãäå ]^_`
this time konkai today kyo
!" abc
zenkai tsumasaki

ABCDEFGHIJKLTo
last time toe
#$ defg
next time kondo together is·sho ni
%& hij
three times san-kai we’re together (in shop etc)
'( is·sho desu
timetable jikokuhyo klmn
)*+ toilet toire
tin (can) kan opq
, where is the toilet? toire wa
tin-opener kankiri doko desu ka?
-./ rstuvwxy
tiny totemo chisai z{
0123456 I have to go to the toilet
tip (to waiter etc) chip·pu toire ni ikitai no
789 desu ga
tired tsukareta |}~¡¢£¤¥¦
:;<= §¨©

159
 toiret·to-pepa 01
English ➜ Japanese
toilet paper
ª«¬­®¯°±² toothbrush haburashi
Tokyo Bay Tokyo-wan 2345
³´µ toothpaste hamigakiko
tomato tomato 6789:
¶¸¹ top: on top of ... … no ue ni
tomato ketchup kechap·pu ;<=>
º»¼½¾ at the top tep·pen ni
tomorrow ashita ?@ABC
¿ÀÁ top floor saijokai
tomorrow morning ashita no DEF
asa topless top·puresu
ÂÃÄÅÆ GHIJK
the day after tomorrow torch kaichudento
asat·te LMNO
ÇÈÉÊ total gokei
tongue shita PQ
Ë tour (noun) tsua
ABCDEFGHIJKLTo

tonic (water) tonik·ku-uota RST

ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ is there a tour of ...? … no
tonight komban tsua ga arimasu ka?
ÕÖ UVWXYZ[\
too (excessively) … sugimasu ]^_`
×ØÙÚÛ tour guide gaido
(also) mo abc
! tourist ryokokyaku
too hot atsu-sugimasu def
"#$%&' tourist information office
too much osugimasu kanko-an·naijo
()*+, ghijk
me too watashi mo towards ... … no ho e
-. lmnop
tooth ha towel taoru
/ qrs
toothache haita town machi

160
 t dialogue

English ➜ Japanese
in town machi de
uv is this the train for Otaru?
just out of town kore wa Otaru-iki no
machihazure densha desu ka?
wxyz{ I am not sure sa, chot·to
town centre hankagai wakarimasen
|}~ no, you want that platform
toy omocha there ie, muko no
¡¢£¤ purat·to-homu desu
track (platform)
purat·to-homu trainers (shoes) sunika
¥¦§¨©ª« ()*+,
which track is it for Nara? train station eki
Nara-iki wa dono -
purat·to-homu desu ka? tram romendensha
¬­®¯°±²³ ./01
´µ¶¸¹º»¼½¾ hon·yaku shimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLTr
translate
tracksuit suet·t(o)-sutsu 23456
¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ could you translate that?
trade fair mihon·ichi sore o yaku shite
ÆÇÈ kuremasen ka?
traditional dento-teki (na) 789:;<=>
ÉÊËÌÍÎ ?@ABC
traffic kotsu translation hon·yaku
ÏÐ DE
traffic jam jutai translator hon·yakusha
ÑÒ FGH
traffic lights shin·go trash (waste) gomi
!" IJ
train densha trashcan gomibako
#$ KLM
by train densha de travel ryoko shimasu
%&' NOPQR
we’re travelling around

161
 achikochi ryoko shite kato
English ➜ Japanese
imasu ÎÏÐÑÒÓ
STUVWXYZ trouble (noun) yak·kaigoto
[\] ÔÕÖ×ØÙ
travel agent’s ryokogaisha I’m having trouble with ...
^_`a … de komat·te imasu
traveller’s cheque ÚÛÜÝÞßàá
traberazu-chek·ku trousers zubon
bcdefghij âãä
k true honto (no)
do you take traveller’s åæçèéêë
cheques? traberazu-chek·ku that’s not true sore wa
wa tsukaemasu ka? honto ja arimasen
lmnopqrst ìíîïðñòóô
uvwxyz{|} õö÷øù
tray obon trunk (US: of car) toranku
~¡¢ !"#$
ki trunks (swimming) mizugi
ABCDEFGHIJKLTr

tree
£ %&
tremendous sugoi try (verb) tameshimasu
¤¥¦ '()*
trendy oshare (na) can I try it? (food) ajimi shite
§¨©ª«¬­ mo i desu ka?
trim: just a trim, please (to +,-./0123
hairdresser) kesaki o soroeru 45
teido ni onegai shimasu (at doing something) yat·te mite
®¯°±²³´µ¶ mo i desu ka?
¸¹º»¼½¾ 6789:;<=
trip (excursion) kankoryoko >?@A
¿ÀÁÂ try on shichaku shimasu
I’d like to go on a trip to ... BCDEF
… o ryoko shite mitai desu can I try it on? shichaku
ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊË shite mo i desu ka?
ÌÍ GHIJKLMNO
trolley (for luggage) nimotsu-yo PQ

162
 ti-shatsu ni-bai

English ➜ Japanese
T-shirt twice as much
RSTU ¾¿
Tuesday Kayobi twin beds tsuin-bed·do
VWX ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
tuna maguro twin room tsuin
YZ[ ÆÇÈ
tunnel ton·neru twist: I’ve twisted my ankle
\]^_ ashikubi o kujiite
turn: turn left/right shimaimashita
hidari/migi e magat·te ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
kudasai ÑÒÓÔÕ
`abcdefg type (noun) shurui
hijk Ö×
turn off: where do I turn off? another type of ... betsu no
doko de magarimasu ka? shurui no …
lmnopqrs ØÙÚÛÜÝ
tu typhoon taifu
Þß

ABCDEFGHIJKLUm
can you turn the heating off?
dambo o kit·te kuremasen typical (dish etc) daihyo-teki
ka? (na)
vwxyz{|} àáâãäå
~¡¢£¤ tyre taiya
turn on: can you turn the æçè
heating on? dambo o
tsukete kuremasen ka? U
¥¦§¨©ª«¬
­®¯°±
turning (in road) magarikado ugly minikui
²³´ éêëì
TV terebi UK Igirisu
µ¶¸ !"#$
tweezers kenuki ulcer kaiyo
¹º» %&'(
twice ni-kai umbrella kasa
¼½ )*

163
 uncle (one’s own) oji daigaku
English ➜ Japanese
university
+, lm
(someone else’s) oji-san unleaded petrol
-./0 muen-gasorin
unconscious muishiki (no) nopqrs
123456 unlimited mileage
under (in position) … no shita sokokyori-museigen
ni tuvwxyz
789:; unlock kagi o akemasu
(less than) … ika {|}~¡¢£
<=> unpack nihodoki shimasu
underdone (meat) namayake ¤¥¦§¨©ª
(no) until: until 6 o’clock rokuji
?@ABCDE made
underground (railway) m¬­®
chikatetsu until Saturday Doyobi made
FGH ¯°±²³
pantsu mezurashi
ABCDEFGHIJKLUn

underpants unusual
IJK ´µ¶¸¹
understand: I understand up ue ni
wakarimasu º»
LMNOP up there asoko ni
I don’t understand ¼½¾¿
wakarimasen he’s not up yet (not out of bed)
QRSTUV kare wa mada nete imasu
do you understand? ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
wakarimasu ka? what’s up? (what’s wrong?) do
WXYZ[\] ka shimashita ka?
unemployed shitsugyo-chu ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ
^_` upmarket kokyu (na)
unfashionable ryuko-okure ÒÓÔÕÖ
(no) upset stomach i no choshi
abcdefgh ga yoku nai
United States Gas·shukoku ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞß
ijk I have an upset stomach i no

164
 English ➜ Japanese
choshi ga yoku arimasen V
àáâãäåæçè
éêë
vacancy: do you have any
upside down sakasama
vacancies? (hotel) akibeya ga
ìíîï
arimas(u) ka?
upstairs ue
cdefghijk
ð
lm
up-to-date saishin (no)
vacation yasumi
!"#$%
no
urgent kinkyu (na)
on vacation yasumi de
&'()*
pqr
us* watashitachi (o)
vaccination yobochusha
+,-./0
stuv
with us watashitachi to
vacuum cleaner sojiki
1234
wxyz
for us watashitachi no tame
valid (ticket etc) yuko (na)
ni
{|}~¡

ABCDEFGHIJKLVa
56789:;
how long is it valid for?
USA Amerika Gas·shukoku
yukokikan wa dono kurai
<=>?@AB
des(u) ka?
use (verb) tsukaimasu
¢£¤¥¦§¨
CDEFG
©ª«¬­®¯
… o tsukat·te
may I use ...?
valley tani
mo i desu ka?
°±
HIJKLMNOP
valuable (adj) kicho (na)
QRST
²³´µ¶
useful yaku ni tatsu
can I leave my valuables
UVWX
here? kicho-hin o
usual futsu (no)
koko ni azukeraremasu
YZ[\]^
ka?
the usual (drink etc) itsumono
¸¹º»¼½¾
_`ab
¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
value (noun) kachi
ÆÇ

165
 ban (recorder) bideo-kamera
English ➜ Japanese
van
ÈÉ 123456
vanilla banira view nagame
ÊËÌ 789
a vanilla ice cream village mura
banira-aisukurimu :
ÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕ vinegar su
Ö ;
vary: it varies bai ni visa biza
yorimasu <=
×ØÙÚÛÜÝ visit (verb) tazunemasu
vase kabin >?@A
Þßà I’d like to visit ... …o
veal koushi no niku tazunetai desu
áâãä BCDEFGHI
vegetables yasai … wa
vital: it’s vital that ...
åæ totemo taisetsu desu
vegetarian (noun) JKLMNOPQR
ABCDEFGHIJKLVa

saishoku-shugisha ST
çèéêë vodka uok·ka
vending machine jido-ham- UVWX
baiki voice koe
ìíîïð YZ
very totemo volcano kazan
ñòó [\
very little for me hon·no voltage den·atsu
sukoshi dake ]^
ôõö÷øùúû vomit hakimasu
I like it very much totemo _`ab
suki desu
!"#$%&' W
via keiyu de
()*
video (noun: film) bideo-tepu waist uesto
+,-./0 cdef

166
 besto ìíîïðñòó

English ➜ Japanese
waistcoat
ghi ôõ
wait machimasu wake: can you wake me up at
jklm 5.30? goji-han ni okoshite
wait for me mat·te kudasai kuremasen ka?
nopqrst !"#$%&'(
don’t wait for me matanaide )*+,-./
kudasai wake-up call moningu-koru
uvwxyz{|} 01234567
can I wait until my wife gets Wales Ueruzu
here? tsuma ga kuru made 89:;<
mat·te mo i desu ka? walk: is it a long walk?
~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ arukuto toi desu ka?
©ª«¬­®¯ =>?@ABCDEF
can you do it while I wait? it’s only a short walk aruite
mat·te iru aida ni yat·te sugu desu
kuremasen ka? GHIJKLM
°±²³´µ¶¸ aruite ikimasu

ABCDEFGHIJKLWa
I’ll walk
¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ NOPQRST
ÂÃ I’m going for a walk sampo
could you wait here for me? ni dekakemasu
koko de chot·to mat·te ite UVWXYZ[\
kuremasen ka? wall kabe
ÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌ ]^
ÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ wallet saifu
ÕÖ _`a
waiter ueta want: I want a ... … ga hoshi
×ØÙÚÛ desu
waiter! chot·to sumimasen! bcdefgh
ÜÝÞßàáâã I don’t want any ... … wa
äå irimasen
waitress uetoresu ijklmno
æçèéêë I want to go home uchi ni
chot·to
waitress! kaeritai desu
sumimasen! pqrstuvwx

167
 so shitaku nai çèéêëìí
English ➜ Japanese
I don’t want to
desu washing-up liquid shok·ki-yo
yz{|}~¡¢£ senzai
he wants to ... kare wa îïðñò
…-tai desu wasp hachi
¤¥¦§¨©ª« óô
what do you want? nani ga watch (wristwatch) udedokei
hoshi desu ka? õö÷
¬­®¯°±²³´ will you watch my things for
ward (in hospital) byoto me? watashi no nimotsu o
µ¶ mite ite kuremasen ka?
warm atatakai øùúûüýþ!"
¸¹º»¼ #$%&'()
I’m so warm atsui desu watch out! abunai!
½¾¿ÀÁ *+,-.
was* … deshita watch strap tokei no bando
ÂÃÄÅ /01234
wash (verb) araimasu mizu
ABCDEFGHIJKLWa

water
ÆÇÈÉ !
can you wash these? kore o may I have some water?
arat·te kuremasen ka? mizu o moraemasu ka?
ÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ "#$%&'()*
ÒÓÔÕÖ waterproof (adj) bosui (no)
washhand basin sem·mendai +,-./
×ØÙ waterskiing suijo-suki
washing (clothes) 01234
sentakumono way: it’s this way kot·chi no
ÚÛÜÝÞß ho desu
washing machine sentak·ki 56789:;<
àáâãä it’s that way at·chi no ho
washing powder senzai desu
åæ =>?@ABCD
washing-up: to do the is it a long way to ...?
washing-up shok·ki o … made toi desu ka?
araimasu EFGHIJKLMN

168
 dame desu! naru yo desu

English ➜ Japanese
no way!
OPQRS it’ll brighten up later ato
de hareru yo desu
dialogue
wedding kek·kon-shiki
could you tell me the way _`a
to ...? … ewa do ikeba i wedding ring
desu ka? kek·kon-yubiwa
go straight on until you bcde
reach the traffic lights Wednesday Suiyobi
shin·go ni ikiataru made fgh
mas·sugu desu week (one, two, three etc) shukan
turn left hidari e magat·te ij
kudasai (this, last, next etc) shu
take the first on the right k
saisho no magarikado o a week (from) today raishu
migi ni magat·te kudasai no kyo
lmnopq

ABCDEFGHIJKLWe
we* watashitachi a week (from) tomorrow
TUV raishu no ashita
weak yowai rstuvw
WXY weekend shumatsu
(tea) usui xy
Z[\ at the weekend shumatsu ni
weather tenki z{|
]^ weight omosa
}~¡
dialogue weird hen (na)
¢£¤¥¦
what’s the weather weirdo henjin
forecast? tenkiyoho wa §¨
do desu ka? welcome: welcome to ... …e
it’s going to be fine hareru yokoso
yo desu ©ª«¬­®
it’s going to rain ame ni you’re welcome (don’t

169
 mention it) do itashimashite Ueruzu-jin desu
English ➜ Japanese
¯°±²³´µ¶ !"#$%&'(
well: I don’t feel well kibun ga )*
yoku arimasen were* … deshita
¸¹º»¼½¾ +,-.
¿ÀÁ West: the West Obei
she’s not well kanojo wa /0
byoki desu west nishi
ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ 1
you speak English very well in the west nishi ni
Eigo ga totemo jozu desu 23
ne Western Obei (no)
ÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑ 45678
ÒÓÔÕ Westerner Obei-jin
well done! sugoi! 9:;
Ö×ØÙ Western-style yofu (no)
this one as well kore mo <=>?@
desu nureta
ABCDEFGHIJKLWe

wet
ÚÛÜÝÞ ABC
well well! (surprise) oya oya! whale kujira
ßàáâã DEF
what? nan desu ka?
dialogue GHIJKL
what’s that? sore wa nan
how are you? gokigen desu ka?
ikaga desu ka? MNOPQRST
very well, thanks, and you? what’s happening? nani ga
hai, okagesama desu ga, arundesu ka?
sochira wa? UVWXYZ[\]
(what’s on?) nani o yat·te
well-done (meat) uerudan imasu ka?
äåæçè ^_`abcde
Welsh (adj) Ueruzu (no) fg
éêëìí (what’s wrong?) do shitandes
I’m Welsh watashi wa ka?

170
hijklmnop desu ka?

English ➜ Japanese
what should I do? do shitara it’s over there muko desu
i desho ka? could you show me where
qrstuvwx it is on the map? chizu de
yz{|} doko daka oshiete
what a view! i nagame desu kuremasen ka?
ne! it’s just here koko desu
~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ see way
what bus do I take?dono
basu ni noreba i desu ka? which: which bus? dono
©ª«¬­®¯° basu?
±²³´µ¶ ßàáâã
wheel sharin
¸¹ dialogue
wheelchair kuruma-isu
º»¼ which one? dore?
when? itsu? that one sore desu
½¾¿ this one? kore?

ABCDEFGHIJKLWh
when we get back kaet·te kara no, that one ie, sore desu
ÀÁÂÃÄ
when’s the train/ferry? while: while I’m here koko ni
res·sha/feri wa nanji desu iru aida ni
ka? äåæçèéêëì
ÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ whisky uisuki
ÎÏÐÑÒ íîïðñ
where? doko? white shiroi
ÓÔÕ òóô
I don’t know where it is doko white wine shiro-wain
daka shirimasen õö÷ø
Ö×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ who? dare?
ùúû
dialogue who is it? donata desu ka?
!"#$%&'
where is the railway the man who ... … hito
station? eki wa doko ()*

171
 maru madogawa no
English ➜ Japanese
whole: the whole week window seat
is·shukan seki
+,-./ tuvw
the whole lot zembu windscreen furonto-garasu
012 xyz{|}~
whose: whose is this? kore windscreen wiper waipa
wa dare no desu ka? ¡¢£¤
3456789 windsurfing uindosafin
:;< ¥¦§¨©ª«¬­
why? doshite desu ka? windy: it’s so windy kaze ga
=>?@ABCD tsuyoi desu
why not? doshite desu ka? ®¯°±²³´
EFGHIJKL wine wain
wide hiroi µ¶¸
MNO can we have some more
wife (one’s own) tsuma wine? wain o mo sukoshi
P moraemasu ka?
(someone else’s) oku-san ¹º»¼½¾¿ÀÁ
ABCDEFGHIJKLWh

QRS ÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ
my wife watashi no tsuma wine list wain no risuto
TUV ÉÊËÌÍÎÏ
will*: will you do it for me? so winter fuyu
shite kuremasen ka? Ð
WXYZ[\]^_ in the winter fuyu ni
`a ÑÒ
wind (noun) kaze wire waiya
b ÓÔÕÖ
window mado (electric) kodo
cd ×ØÙ
near the window mado no with … to is·sho ni
soba de ÚÛÜÝÞ
efghij I’m staying with ... … no
in the window (of shop) tokoro ni tomat·te imasu
shouindo ni ßàáâãäåæç
klmnopqrs èéêë

172
 nashi de desu

English ➜ Japanese
without
ìíî QRST
witness shonin worse: it’s worse nao warui
ïð desu
will you be a witness for me? UVWXYZ[
watashi no shonin ni nat·te worst sai-ak (no)
kuremasen ka? \]^_`
ñòóôõö÷øù it·te
worth: is it worth a visit?
úûüý!" miru kachi ga arimasu ka?
woman josei abcdefgh
#$ ijklmn
wonderful subarashi would: would you give this to
%&'() ...? kore o … ni watashite
won’t*: it won’t start do shite kuremasen ka?
mo stato shimasen opqrstuv
*+,-./012 wxyz{|}~
3456 wrap: could you wrap it up?
wood (material) zaimoku tsutsunde kuremasen ka?

ABCDEFGHIJKLWr
78 ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª
woods (forest) mori wrapping paper hososhi
9 «¬­
wool uru wrestler resura
:;< ®¯°±
word kotoba sumo wrestler rikishi
=>? ²³
work (noun) shigoto wrestling resuringu
@A ´µ¶¸¹
it’s not working ugokimasen sumo wrestling sumo
BCDEF º»¼
I work in ... … de hataraite wrist tekubi
imasu ½¾
GHIJKLMN write kakimasu
world sekai ¿ÀÁÂ
OP could you write it down?
worry: I’m worried shimpai kaite kuremasen ka?

173
 ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌ
English ➜ Japanese
X
how do you write it? do
kakimasu ka?
ÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔ X-ray rentogen
writing paper binsen UVWXY
ÕÖ×Ø
wrong: it’s the wrong key kagi Y
ga aimasen
ÙÚÛÜÝÞßà
this is the wrong train kore yacht yot·to
wa chigau densha desu Z[\
áâãäåæçè yard yado
éê ]^_
okanjo ga
the bill’s wrong year toshi
machigat·te imasu `
ëìíîïðñò yellow kiroi
óôõö abcd
en
ABCDEFGHIJKLWr

sorry, wrong number yen

sumimasen, ban·go o e
machigaemashita yes hai
!"#$%&'() fg
*+,-./0 yesterday kino
sorry, wrong room hij
sumimasen, heya o yesterday morning kino no asa
machigaemashita klmno
123456789 the day before yesterday
:;<=>?@ ototoi
there’s something wrong with pqrs
... … wa doko ka okashi yet mada
desu tu
ABCDEFGHI
JK dialogue
what’s wrong? do ka
shimashita ka? mo
is it here yet?
LMNOPQRST tsukimashita ka?

174
 no, not yet ie, mada desu Zenshu

English ➜ Japanese
Zen sect
you’ll have to wait a little ÑÒ
longer yet mo shibaraku Zen temple Zendera
kakarimas ÓÔ
zero zero
yoghurt yoguruto ÕÖ
vwxyz zip fasuna
you* (sing) anata ×ØÙÚÛ
{|} could you put a new zip on?
(pl) anatatachi atarashi fasuna ni kaete
~¡¢£¤ kuremasen ka?
this is for you kore wa anata ÜÝÞßàáâã
ni agemas !"#$%&'()
¥¦§¨©ª« *+,-
¬­®¯ zip code yubimban·go
with you anata to is·sho ni ./01
°±²³´µ¶ zoo dobutsu·en
wakai 234

ABCDEFGHIJKLZo
young
¸¹º
your(s)* (sing) anata no
»¼½¾
(pl) anatatachi no
¿ÀÁÂÃÄ
youth hostel yusu-hosteru
ÅÆÇÈÉÊË

Zen Buddhism Zen

Ì
Zen garden Zentei
ÍÎ
Zen priest Zenso
ÏÐ

175
Japanese
➜
English
 Japanese ➜ English
Colloquialisms
The following are words you may well hear.You shouldn’t be
tempted to use any of the stronger ones unless you are sure
of your audience.

aho! fool!
baka! you fool!, stupid bastard!
bakamitai stupid
bakayaro! damn fool!
bijin beautiful woman
charinko bicycle
chikusho! damn!, hell! (literally: beast)
chot·to! hey!
damare! shut up!
domo thanks; hi
gaijin foreigner
ja ne bye, cheerio
kak·ko i trendy; cool; handsome
kireru blow one’s top
ABCDEFGHIJKL

konoyaro! damn fool!

kuso! shit!
maji de honestly; really
mansatsu ten-thousand yen note
mashi better
meshi meal
shinjiran·nai unbelievable
subarashi! fantastic!
sugoi! great!, super!; well done!
tondemo nai! no way!
urusai! shut up!
uso! that’s a lie!
usotsuki! liar!
yada! no!; yuk!
yokat·ta! good!

178
 ani brother (one’s own: older)

Japanese ➜ English
A an·naisho information desk
ano that; those (further away)
abek·ku lovers, a couple anzen (na) safe
abunai dangerous aoi blue
at·chi e it·te! go away! apato apartment, flat
agemasu to give araimasu to wash
ago chin; jaw arashi storm
aibeya ni narimasu to share aratamat·ta formal
(room) are that; that one; those (fur-
aimasu to meet ther away)
aiseki shimasu to share (table) arigato thank you, thanks
aji taste; flavour arimasen: sore ja arimasen
Ajia Asia not that one
Ajia (no) Asian … ga arimasen no ...
akachan baby aruite walk; on foot
akai red arukoru alcohol
akemasu to open arukoru-nuki (no) non-alco-
akemashite omedeto goza- holic

ABCDEFGHIJKLAt
imasu! Happy New Year! asa morning
aki autumn, (U S) fall asat·te the day after tomor-
akiraka (na) clear, obvious row
akuseru accelerator asayu-nishoku-tsuki half
amai sweet (taste) board
amari not very much ashi leg; foot
amari oku nai not many ashikubi ankle
ame candies, sweets; rain ashita tomorrow
Amerika Gas·shukoku USA ashita no asa tomorrow
ana hole morning
anata (ga) you (sing) ashita no gogo tomorrow
anata no your; yours afternoon
anata o you (sing) asobiba playground
anata wa you (sing) asoko ni up there; over there
anata wa … desu you are as·sat·te the day after
anatatachi (ga) you (p l) tomorrow
anatatachi no your; yours (p l) atama head
anatatachi o you (p l) atama ga i intelligent
anatatachi wa you (p l) atamakin deposit (as part pay-
ane sister (one’s own: older) ment)

179
 atarashi new
Japanese ➜ English
atatakai warm; mild
at·chi: at·chi e it·te! go away!
at·chi no ho desu it’s that
way
ato de after; afterwards, later,
later on
atsumemasu to collect
atsui thick; hot
azayaka (na) bright
B bochi cemetery
baka (na) silly; stupid
baka! you fool!
bakageta ridiculous
bak·kin fine (punishment)
ban van
ABCDEFGHIJKLAt
ban·go number
ban·go o machigaemashita
wrong number
ban·gumi programme
bansoko plasters, Bandaid®
basu-ryoko coach trip
basu-taminaru coach station,
bus station
basu-tei bus stop
basu-tsuki no heya with a
private bathroom
bed·do bed (W estern-style)
ben·goshi lawyer
benri (na) convenient
beruto belt
besuto waistcoat
betsubetsu (no) separate
betsu no another, different
bijinesu-hoteru business hotel
bijutsu art
180
bijutsu-kan art gallery
bimbo poor
bim·mei flight number
bin jar; bottle
biniru-bukuro carrier bag,
plastic bag
binsen writing pad
biru building
biru beer
biyoin hairdresser’s (women’s)
biza visa
boi porter (in hotel)
boku (ga) I (fam, m)
boku no my; mine (fam, m)
boku o me (fam, m)
bokushi priest (Christian)
boku wa I (fam, m)
bon·net·to bonnet, (U S)
hood
boru ball
borupen ballpoint pen
boshi cap, hat
boto boat
braja bra
bubun part, bit
oki bubun a big bit
bucho director, head of
department
budo martial arts
Buk·kyo Buddhism
Buk·kyo (no) Buddhist
Buk·kyoto Buddhist
bunraku traditional puppet
theatre
butsudan house altar
byo second (of time)
byobu screen
byoin hospital
byoki illness; disease
byoki (no) sick, ill
byoto ward
C choshoku-tsuki yado bed
cha-iro (no) brown
-chan diminutive suffix
added to child’s name or
familiar suffix used
between friends and family
chanto properly
chawan bowl (porcelain)
chek·ku-in shimasu to check
in
chibusa breast
chichi father (one’s own)
chigai difference
chigau different
chiho region, district
chikai near, nearby
chikatetsu underground,
(U S) subway
chiki area
chimu team
chip·pu tip
chirashi leaflet
chisai small
chizu map
cho area
chodo koko de right here
choka-tenimotsu excess bag-
gage
chokusetsu (no) direct
chokutsu direct
chokyori-basu coach, bus
chokyori-denwa long-dis-
tance call
area of a few square
Japanese ➜ English
chome
blocks
choshi ga okashi faulty
choshoku breakfast
and
breakfast
chot·to! hey!
chot·to mat·te kudasai! just a
minute!
chot·to sumimasen! excuse
me!
Chugoku China
Chugoku (no) Chinese
chuibukai careful
chuko (no) second-hand
chukurai (no) medium, medi-
um-sized
chumon order
chumon shimasu to order
ABCDEFGHIJKLDa
chusha injection
chushajo car park, parking lot
chushin centre
chushoku lunch
chushoku-go after lunch
D
daburu double; double
room; double whisky
-dai classifier for machines,
cars, bikes and stereos
daidokoro kitchen
daigaku college; university
daihyo representative
daihyo-teki (na) typical
daijobu all right, OK; no
problem
daisuki desu to love
181
 daitai roughly, approximately denki (no) electric
Japanese ➜ English
daitoryo president (of country) denki-kamisori shaver
daiyaru shimasu to dial denki-kamisori-yo konsento
dake only, just shaving point
dambo heater, heating denki-seihin electrical
dame! don’t! appliances
dame desu! certainly not! denki-ya electrician; electri-
sore wa dame desu it’s no cal goods shop
good denkyu light bulb
dandan gradually densensei (no) infectious
dansei men densha train
dansei-yo toire gents’ toilet, denshi-renji microwave
men’s room (oven)
dantai party, group dento-teki (na) traditional
dare? who? denwa telephone, phone
dare ka anybody; somebody, denwaban·go phone number
someone denwaban·go-an·nai directo-
dare mo …-masen nobody, ry enquiries
no-one; none denwacho phone book
ABCDEFGHIJKLDa

das·shimen cotton wool, denwa shimasu to call, to

absorbent cotton phone
de by, by means of; with; at; depato department store
on; in desu be; am; is; are; it is
deguchi exit, way out anata wa … desu you are ...
dekakemasu to go away watashi wa … desu I am ...
dekimas can … desu ka? is it ...?
dekimasen cannot deshita were; was; it was
dekireba hopefully dewa mata see you again
dekirudake … as ... as possi- dizeru-sha diesel
ble do degree
dekirudake hayaku as soon do? how?
as possible do shimashita ka? what’s
demo but; even the the matter?
… demo … demo nai neither do itashimashite don’t men-
... nor ... tion it, you’re welcome
den·atsu voltage doa door
denchi battery doaboi doorman
den·gon message dobutsu animal
denki electricity; light dobutsu-en zoo

182
dochira which; who

Japanese ➜ English
dochira demo nai neither
E
(one) of them
dochiraka either of them e to; towards; until; painting,
dochira-sama desu ka? who’s picture; drawing
calling? e yes
Doitsu Germany ehagaki postcard
Doitsu (no) German eiga film, movie
dokan desu I agree; all right eigakan cinema, movie the-
doka yamete kudasai please ater
don’t Eigo English (language)
doko? where? Eigo de in English
doko desu ka? where is it? eigyo-chu open
doko demo everywhere; eigyojikan opening times
anywhere Eikoku Britain
doko ka somewhere Eikoku (no) British
dokushin single, not married eizu AIDS
domo thanks; hi eki train station
domo arigato thanks empitsu pencil

ABCDEFGHIJKLFu
domo sumimasen sorry em-saizu medium
dono? which? en circle; yen
dore? which one? erabimasu to choose
dore mo …-masen none erebeta lift, elevator
doro mud eri collar
dorobo thief eru-saiz large
dorochizu road map; eya-kon air-conditioning
streetmap
doshite des ka? why?; why F
not?
Doyobi Saturday
dozo I don’t mind, please go fak·kusu fax
ahead; here you are fak·kusu o okurimasu to fax
dozo osaki ni after you fasuna zip
dozo yoroshiku pleased to Fransu (no) French
meet you Fransu-go French (language)
furonto reception desk (in
hotel)
furonto-gakari receptionist
(in hotel)
183
 furonto-garasu windscreen
Japanese ➜ English
fu city
fuben (na) inconvenient
fufu married couple
fujinfuku-uriba ladies’ wear
fukai deep
fukano(na) impossible
fukin tea towel
Fuk·katsu·sai Easter
fukumimasu to include
fukutsu stomachache
fukuro bag, paper bag
fumi flavour
fumoto bottom
fun minute
fune boat, ship
funsui fountain (ornamental)
furui old; stale
fusuma sliding door (pat-
ABCDEFGHIJKLFu
terned)
futa cap; lid
futatsu two; a couple
futo envelope
futon mattress; bedding
futot·ta fat
futsuka two days
futsukayoi hangover
futsu local intercity train
futsu(no) ordinary, usual
fuyu winter
fuyukai (na) unpleasant
G genkin ni kaemasu to cash
gasubject particle that
emphasizes the subject
… ga arimasu there is ...;
there are ...
184
… ga arimasen no ...; there’s
no ...; there are no ...
gaido guide
gaijin foreigner
gaikoku abroad
gaikoku (no) foreign
gaikoku-go foreign language
gaikoku-jin foreigner
gaishutsu shimasu to go out
gaku amount
gake cliff
gak·kari shita disappointed
gak·ki term (at university,
school)
gak·ko school
gakusei student
Gantan New Year’s Day
garakuta rubbish
garasu glass
gasorin petrol, (U S) gas
gasorin-sutando petrol sta-
tion, (U S) gas station
geijutsu-ka artist
gekijo theatre
genkan doorway, entrance,
porch
genki? how are you?
genki de ne take care, bye,
see you
genkin cash
genkin-jido-shiharaiki cash
dispenser, ATM
genzo film processing
genzo shimasu to develop
geta wooden sandals
geto gate (at airport)
getsu month (this, last, next
etc)
Getsuyobi Monday
gezai laxative
gin silver
ginko bank (money)
giri no imoto sister-in-law
(one’s own: younger)
giri no musuko son-in-law
(one’s own)
giri no musume daughter-in-
law (one’s own)
giri no oka-san mother-in-
law (someone else’s)
giri no one-san sister-in-law
(someone else’s: older)
giri no oni-san brother-in-
law (someone else’s: older)
giri no oto-san father-in-law
(someone else’s)
giri no ototo brother-in-law
(one’s own: younger)
go five
go- polite prefix
-go after
gochiso-sama deshita it was
delicious (literally: it was a
feast)
gogaku-kosu language
course
Gogatsu May
gogo afternoon, pm
kyono gogo ni this after-
noon
go-hyaku five hundred
go-ju fifty
gojusho address
gojusho wa? what’s your
address?
gokei total
gokigen: gokigen ikaga desu
ka? how are you?
Japanese ➜ English
gokigen·yo! have a nice day!
gomu rubber (material)
gomen·nasai excuse me,
sorry
gomi rubbish, trash; waste
gomibako bin; dustbin,
trashcan
goro about, approximately
goryoshin parents (someone
else’s)
goshujin husband (someone
else’s)
gozen am
gozen shichiji ni at 7am
gun county
gurinsha first-class carriage
gurinsha-joshaken first-class
train ticket
ABCDEFGHIJKLHa
gyoretsu queue
H
ha tooth
haburashi toothbrush
hachi eight; wasp
Hachigatsu August
hachi-ju eighty
hae fly
haguki gum (in mouth)
haha mother (one’s own)
hai yes; lungs
-hai classifier meaning
glassful or cupful
hai-iro (no) grey
hai-oku unleaded petrol
hairimasu to come in
haisha dentist
185
 haita toothache
Japanese ➜ English
haitatsu delivery
haitatsu shimasu to deliver
haizara ashtray
hajimarimasu to begin
hajime beginning
hajimemasu to start
hajimemashite how do you
do?, pleased to meet you
hajimete the first time
hakubutsukan museum
hakike nausea
hako box
hamabe beach
hamaki cigar
hambun half
hamigakiko toothpaste
hana nose; flower
hanabi fireworks
ABCDEFGHIJKLHa
hanashi-chu engaged, (U S)
occupied
hanashimasu to speak; to
talk
hana-ya florist’s
han-dasu (no) half a hidari ni on the left
dozen
handobag·gu bag, handbag,
(U S) purse
hanemasu to knock over
hangaku half fare
hangaku (no) half-price
hanjikan half an hour
hankagai city centre, down-
town
hanko personal seal
han·nama (na) not cooked
han-rit·toru half a litre
hantai opposite
to hantai (no) against,
186
opposed to
hap-pyaku eight hundred
harai-modoshi refund
hareta fine (weather); swollen
harete imasu it’s sunny; it’s
swollen
hari needle
haru spring
hasami scissors
hashi bridge (over river);
chopsticks
hashirimasu to run
hata flag
hatake field
hayai fast, quick; early
hayaku quickly
hei fence
heikin-teki average (not good)
hempi (na) secluded
hen (na) weird, strange, odd
heya accommodation; room
hi fire; day
hidari left
hidari e to the left
hidari-kiki (no) left-handed
hidoi bad; dreadful; nasty
hidoku badly
hifu skin
higaeri-ryoko day trip
higashi east
hiji elbow
hijoguchi fire escape; emer-
gency exit
hikage shade
hikari light
-hiki classifier for animals
hikidashi drawer
hikimasu to pull; to play
 (instrument) hodo … nai less ...than

Japanese ➜ English
hikinobashi enlargement hohoemimasu to smile
hik·kuri kaeshimasu to knock hoka the rest
over hoka hoka bento lunch box
hiko flight shop
hikoki plane, airplane hoka ni nani ka something
hikui low else, anything else
himo string hoka niwa nai desu nothing
hinata sun else
hi ni yaketa suntanned hoka no other
hinshitsu quality hoken insurance
hiraita open hoki brush
hiroba square hoko direction
hiroi wide hokori dust
hiru heel (of shoe) hokusei northwest
hisho secretary hokuto northeast
hitai forehead hom·mono (no) real, genuine
hito person; people homo (no) gay
hito-ban ni tsuki per night hon book

hitogomi crowd
hito-hako packet
hito-kire piece
hito-kumi pair
hito-pak·ku pack
hitori alone
hitotsu piece; one
hitotsu mo …-masen no
mo hitotsu another, one
more
hitotsu (no) a, an
hitsuyo (na) necessary, essen-
tial
hiyake tan, suntan; sunburn
hiyake-dome sunblock
hiyake shimasu to get a tan
hiyo ga kakarimasu to cost
hiza knee
ho cheek (on face)
hodo pavement, sidewalk
ABCDEFGHIJKLHo
-hon classfier for pens, ciga-
rettes and other cylindrical
objects
hone bone
hone ga oreta broken
hon no sukoshi just a little
honto (ni) really
hontodesu ka? really?
honto(no) true
hon·ya bookshop, bookstore
hon·yaku translation
hon·yaku shimasu to trans-
late
honyubin baby’s bottle
horitsu law
hoseki jewellery
hoseki-ten jeweller’s
hoshi star
hoshidesu to want
hosho guarantee

187
 hoshokin deposit ikikata route
Japanese ➜ English
hososhi wrapping paper ikimasu to go
hos·sa fit, attack ikimasho! let’s go!
hotai bandage; dressing ikitai desu I’d like to
hoteru hotel ik·kai ground floor, (U S) first
hoteru no heya hotel room floor; once
hotoke-sama Buddha ik·kaibun dose
hotondo almost, nearly ikura desu ka? how much is
hotondo …-masen hardly it?
hyaku hundred ikutsu? how many?; how
hyaku man million old?
hyoshiki sign ikutsuka (no) several
ima now; just, only just
I ima wa dame desu not just
now
ima nanji desu ka? what
i good time is it?
i desu that’s good; that’s imamade ni ever
fine imasu to say; to call
i–meiru e-mail
ABCDEFGHIJKLHo

ichi one
ichiba market
ichiban suki (na) favourite
ichi-dasu (no) dozen
Ichigatsu January
ichinichi-ju all day
ichiryu (no) excellent
ie house
ie no
igai dewa apart from
igai wa except
Igirisu Britain
Igirisu (no) British
Igirisu-jin British person
Igirisu-pondo sterling
ijo over, more than
sore ijo more than that
ika less than, under
ikebana flower arrangement
iki-iki shita lively
imoto sister (one’s own:
younger)
inaka country; countryside
Indo (no) Indian
inryosui drinking water
intachenji interchange (on
motorway)
inu dog
ip·pai full; a glass of
ip·pai ni shimasu to fill up
ip·paku (no) overnight
ip·pan-teki (na) general
iraira suru annoying
iras·shaimase may I help
you
ireba dentures
iriguchi entrance, way in
iro colour
iseki ruins

188
isha doctor jibun de myself; by myself

Japanese ➜ English
ishi stone, rock jido automatic
isogashi busy jido-hambaiki vending
isogimasu to hurry machine
is·sho ni together jidosha-hoken green card (car
… to is·sho ni with ... insurance)
is·soku pair; pair of jikan time; hour
shoes/socks jiko accident
isu chair jikokuhyo timetable, (U S)
Isuramukyo (no) Muslim schedule
itadakimasu! enjoy your jimen ground
meal!, bon appetit! jimoto no local
itai hurt; painful jimusho office
itai desu it’s sore jinja shrine
itami pain, ache jishin earthquake
itamidome painkillers jitensha bicycle, bike
itamimasu to hurt jitensha-okiba bicycle park
Itaria Italy jodan joke
Itaria (no) Italian johin (na) posh

ABCDEFGHIJKLJu
ito thread joho information
itoko cousin jokyaku passenger
itsuka fifth josei woman; lady
itsumo always ju ten; gun; rifle
itsu? when? jubun enough
itsutsu five judai (na) serious
it·tan …-tara once, as soon as Jugatsu October
iwa rock ju-go fifteen
iya (na) disgusting, nasty jugyo lesson
izaka-ya pub ju-hachi eighteen
ju-ichi eleven
J Juichigatsu November
jujiro crossroads, intersection
jukushita ripe
ja well ju-kyu nineteen
jaguchi tap, faucet ju-ni twelve
jama shimasu to disturb Junigatsu December
ja mata see you later ju-roku sixteen
ja ne bye, cheerio ju-san thirteen
ji o’clock ju-shichi seventeen

189
 jusho address kaisha company, business
Japanese ➜ English
jushoroku address book kaisoku local train with lim-
jutai traffic jam ited stops
jutan carpet kaji fire (blaze)
ju-yon fourteen kakebuton duvet
kakejiku scroll (hanging)
K kakemasu to switch on
(engine); to play (music)
kakimasu to write
ka mosquito kakitome-yubin de by regis-
… ka … ka either ... or ... tered mail
ka? question particle kakunin shimasu to confirm
kaban bag kamban sign
kabe wall kamera-ya camera shop
kabin vase kami paper; hair
kacho section chief kami-omutsu disposable nap-
kado card pies/diapers
kado-denwa cardphone kami-sama God
kaerimasu to go back, to kamisori razor
ABCDEFGHIJKLJu

return kampai! cheers!

kaeshimasu to give back kampeki (na) perfect
kagu furniture kanari fairly, pretty, quite; a
kagami mirror bit
kagetsu month (one, two, three kanari takusan quite a lot
etc) kanari (no) fair (amount)
kagi key; lock kanashi sad
kagi o akemasu to unlock kanemochi (no) rich (person)
kago basket kan·gae idea
kai floor, storey kan·gaemasu to think
kaichudento torch kan·geikai reception (for
kaidan steps, stairs guests)
kaigan coast kan·gofu nurse (woman)
kaigi meeting (business); con- kan·goshi nurse (man)
ference kanji character (written);
kaigishitsu conference room Chinese character
kaikaishiki opening ceremo- kanjimasu to feel
ny kankiri can-opener, tin-
kaikei cash desk opener
kaimasu to buy kanko-an·naijo tourist infor-
190
mation office
Kankoku South Korea
Kankoku (no) Korean
kankoryoko trip, excursion,
sightseeing tour
kan·nushi Shinto priest
kano(na) possible
kanojo (ga) she
kanojo no her; hers
kanojo o her
kanojo wa she
kanojotachi (ga) they (f )
kanojotachi no their;
theirs (f )
kanojotachi o them (f )
kanojotachi wa they (f )
kanpai! cheers!
kanrishoku executive
kansen infection
kansha (no) grateful
kantan (na) simple, easy
kanzen ni completely
kanzo liver (in body)
kanzume can
kao face
kap·pu cup
kap·puru couple
kara from; since
kara (no) empty
karada body
karada ni i healthy
karai hot, spicy
kare he
kare ga he
kare no his
kare o him
kare wa he
karera (ga) they (m )
karera no their; theirs (m )
karera o them (m )
Japanese ➜ English
karera wa they (m )
karimasu to rent, to hire; to
borrow
karui light (not heavy)
kasa umbrella
kashimasu to lend
kashikoi clever
kashu singer; pop singer
kata shoulder
kataho one end; one side
katai hard
katamichi-kip·pu single tick-
et, one-way ticket
kat·to cut
kawa leather; river
kawaita dry
kawari ni instead
kawase-tegata banker’s draft
ABCDEFGHIJKLKe
kawat·ta odd, strange, pecu-
liar
Kayobi Tuesday
kazan volcano
kaze wind
kazoku family
kazu number, figure
kega o shita injured
keiba race (for horses)
keieisha manager (in business)
keikan policeman
keisatsu police
keisatsu·sho police station
keitai-denwa mobile phone
keiyaku contract
keiyu stopover
keiyu de via
kek·ko desu all right, fine
ie kek·ko desu no thanks
kek·kon marriage
191
 kek·kon shita married
Japanese ➜ English
kek·kon shite imasu I’m
married
kek·kon shite imasu ka? are
you married?
kek·kon-kinen-bi wedding
anniversary
kek·kon-shiki wedding
kek·kon-yubiwa wedding
ring
kek·kyoku after all
kemuri smoke
ken ticket; prefecture
kendo Japanese fencing
ken·eki quarantine
kenka fight
kenko (na) healthy
keredomo although
kesa this morning
ABCDEFGHIJKLKe
keshiki scenery
keshimasu to switch off
kesho make-up
keshohin cosmetics
keshoshitsu ladies’ toilets,
ladies’ room
kes·shite …-masen never
ketsu·eki blood
kewashi steep
ki tree; mind; heart
kibako wooden box
kibo hope
kibun feeling
kicho(na) valuable
kiete iru off (lights)
kigaemasu to get changed
kiji material (fabric)
kikai machine
kikan period (of time)
kiken (na) risky
192
kikimasu to listen
kikoemasu to hear
kimasu to come
kimemasu to decide
kimi (ga) you (sing, fam)
kimi no your; yours (sing,
fam)
kimi o you (sing, fam)
kimi wa you (sing, fam)
kimochi no i pleasant
kimono kimono; Japanese
clothes
kimpatsu (no) blond
kin gold
kinen-hi monument
kin·en-koshitsu nonsmoking
compartment
kin·gyo goldfish
kinkyu emergency
kinkyu (na) urgent
kino yesterday
kino no asa yesterday
morning
kinu silk
Kin·yobi Friday
kinyushimasu to fill in
kinzoku metal
kion temperature (weather)
ki o tsukete! look out!
kip·pu ticket
kip·pu-uriba box office; tick-
et office
kirai desu hate
kirei (na) beautiful; pretty;
nice; clean
kirei ni shimasu to clean up
kiri mist, fog
kirimasu to cut
kiroi yellow
kisu kiss here

Japanese ➜ English
kishibe shore (of lake) … wa koko desu here is/are
kis·sa-ten teahouse; café ...
kis shimasu to kiss masa ni koko de just here
kita north koko ni over here
Kita-Chosen North Korea koko no kore desu this one
kitai hazure (no) disappoint- here
ing kokonoka ninth
kitai shimasu to look for- kokonotsu nine
ward to kokuritsu (no) national
kitanai dirty kokusai-teki (na)
kitsui tight international
kit·te stamp kokuseki nationality
-ko classifer for fruit, cakes, kokubin de by airmail
eggs and small chunky kokubin·yo futo airmail enve-
objects lope
koban police box kokyu (na) upmarket
kocha tea (drink) komban tonight, this
kodo wire; lead evening

ABCDEFGHIJKLKo
kodomo child; children komban wa good evening
kodomo-yo (no) children’s kome rice (uncooked)
koe voice komichi path
koen park komori child minder
kogai open air kona-sek·ken soap powder
kogai suburb konda crowded
Kogo-Heika Empress of konde iru busy
Japan kondo next time
kohei (na) fair, impartial kon-iro (no) navy (blue)
kohi coffee konkai this time
koi carp konkuru contest
koin-randori launderette, kon·nichi wa hello
laundromat kono this; these
kojo factory konoha leaf
koka coin konosaki down the road
kokan-reto exchange rate kono shita desu down here
kok·kyo border (of country) konsento power point
kokunaisen domestic flight kop·pu glass
koko here kore this; this one; these
koko desu right here, just kore desu ka this one here

193
 kore kara in future
Japanese ➜ English
kore wa … desu this is ...
korekuto-koru reverse charge
call, collect call
kori ice
korobimasu to fall
koruku-nuki corkscrew
kosu course
kosaten junction
kosho breakdown
koshubenjo public toilets
koshudenwa phone box,
payphone
kosobiru skyscraper
kosokudoro motorway, free-
way, highway
kos·setsu fracture
kosui perfume
kotatsu footwarmer
ABCDEFGHIJKLKo
kot·chi this; this way; here
koto coat
kotoba word, language
kotsu traffic
kotsujiko road accident
kot·tohin antique
kot·tohin-ten antique shop
kowareta damaged; broken
kowarete imasu out of order
kowashimasu to break, to
damage
koza bank account, account
kozeni change, money
kozui flood
kozutsumi parcel, package
kusa grass
kusuri drug, medicine
kusuri-ya pharmacy
ku ward, area of a city
kubi neck
194
kuchi mouth
kuchibeni lipstick
kuchibiru lips
kudaketa informal
kudamono fruit
Kugats September
kuishimbo (no) greedy
kujira whale
kujo complaint
kujoo imas to complain
kuki air
kuko airport
kumo spider
kumori (no) cloudy, dull
-kun suffix used when
addressing a young person
kuni country, nation
kurabemasu to compare
kurai about, approximately
kuremasu to give
… o kuremasen ka? could I
have ...?
…-te kuremasen ka? could
you ...?
kurikaeshimasu to repeat
Kurisumasu-Ibu Christmas
Eve
kuro black
kuroi dark
kuroku cloakroom
kuruma car
kushami o shimasu to sneeze
kushi comb
kutsu shoe
kutsu-himo shoelaces
kutsunaoshi shoe repairer
kutsu no soko sole (of shoe)
kutsuzumi shoe polish
kuzushimasu to change
 (money) machigai error, mistake

Japanese ➜ English
kyaku customer machigat·ta false, not true
kyakusha coach, carriage machimasu to wait
kyakushitsu compartment mada still; only; yet
kyakushitsu-gakari maid ie, mada desu not yet
kyanseru-machi standby made to; up to; until; as far
kyo today as
kyodai brother Mok·yobi made ni by
kyodo-keiei-sha partner (i n Thursday
business) mado window
kyoka permit madogawa no seki window
kyokai church seat
kyoku-dome-yubin poste mae ago; front
restante ichijikan mae an hour ago
kyori distance sono mae no hi the day
kyoryoku help before
kyu nine mae mot·te in advance
kyuden palace mae ni in front, at the front;
kyugyo closed formerly, in the past; before

kyu-hyaku nine hundred
kyu-ju ninety
kyuka holiday, vacation
kyukei-jikan interval
kyuko express train
kyukyubako first-aid kit
kyukyubyoto casualty depart-
ment
kyukyusha ambulance
kyureki lunar calendar
kyusuiki fountain (for
drinking)
M mama mum
mabushi bright
machi town; area
machi-awase-basho meeting
place
ABCDEFGHIJKLMa
magarikado turning (in road)
magomusuko grandson (one’s
own)
magomusume granddaughter
(one’s own)
mahobin Thermos® flask
-mai classifier for pieces of
paper, tickets and other
thin, flat objects
mainichi (no) daily
majime (na) serious
makura pillow
makura-kaba pillow case
mama desu not bad, so-so
man·ga comic book
manikyua nail varnish
man·naka middle
manshon apartment block
Mare-hanto (no) Malay

195
 maroyaka (na) mild migi e to the right
Japanese ➜ English
masaka! oh no! migi ni on the right
-masen not mihon-ichi fair; trade fair
-masen deshita didn’t mijikai brief, short
mata again mik·ka third
mata wa or mimasu to look at; to see
matsu pine mimi ear
mat·taku chigaimasu defi- mimi ga kikoenai deaf
nitely not minami south
mat·taku sono tori desu defi- o minami in the south
nitely minato harbour, port
mawari-michi diversion, min·geihin-ten craft shop
detour minikui ugly
mayaku drugs (narcotics) min·na everyone; all
mayonaka midnight … wa min·na all the ...
mayonaka ni in the middle minshuku guesthouse
of the night; at midnight miryoku-teki (na) attractive
me eye mise shop
megane spectacles, eyeglasses mitsukemasu to find
ABCDEFGHIJKLMa

mei niece (one’s own) mit·tsu three

meishi business card mizu water
meisho the sights mizugi swimming trunks;
menkyo licence swimming costume
menrui noodles mizumi lake
menzei(hin) duty-free mizusashi jug
(goods) mo also, too; even; both...
menzeihin-ten duty-free and; neither ... nor
shop mo already
met·ta ni not often mo hitotsu another, one
met·ta ni …-masen hardly more
ever mochimasu to have; to
mezurashi rare, uncommon, carry; to hold
unusual mochinushi owner
miatarimasen missing mochiron of course
michi road mochiron chigaimasu of
midori (no) green course not
midori no madoguchi ticket mochite handle
counter modorimasu to get back, to
right
migi return
196
modot·te ikimasu to go back mukogawa across

Japanese ➜ English
modot·te kimasu to come mune chest, breast
back mura village
mofu blanket murasaki (no) purple, violet
mokutekichi destination muryo free of charge
Moku·yobi Thursday mushi insect
momen cotton mushi-atsui humid
momo thigh mushi-sasare insect bite
mon gate musuko son (one’s own)
mondai problem musume daughter (one’s own)
mono thing mut·tsu six
more leak muzukashi hard, difficult
mori woods, forest myoji surname
moshi if
moshi … demo even if ... N
moshi-moshi hello; I’m still
here
mosukoshi some more, a lit- nadare avalanche
tle bit more nagai long

ABCDEFGHIJKLNa
mot·te kimasu to bring; to nagai aida a long time
fetch nagame view
mot·to more nagashi sink
mot·to i better nagemasu to throw
mot·to sukunaku less naisen telephone extension
mot·to takusan a lot more naka inside
mot·to toku further naka e hairimasu to go in
moyo pattern nakai-san maid
muchu(na) crazy naka ni inside
muen-gasorin unleaded -nakereba narimasen I must
petrol ...
muika sixth nakimasu to cry
muishiki (no) unconscious nakunarimasu to disappear
muji (no) plain nakushimasu to lose
mukai no opposite nama (no) raw
mukashi-fu (no) old-fash- namae name; first name,
ioned given name
muko there; over there namake-mono lazy
muko desu, muko ni over nana seven
there nana-hyaku seven hundred

197
 nana-ju seventy netsu fever; temperature
Japanese ➜ English
nanatsu seven netsup·poi feverish
nani? what? nezumi mouse; rat
nani desu ka? what? ni two; to; in; at; into; on;
sore wa nani desu ka? indirect object particle
what’s that? ni-bai (no) double; twice as
nani demo i desu it doesn’t much
matter ni-bam·me (no) second
nani ka something, anything nibui stupid
nani ka … ka? would you nichibotsu sunset
like anything ...? Nichiyobi Sunday
nani mo …-masen nothing nigai bitter
nani mo nai desu nothing Nigatsu February
else nihodoki shimasu to unpack
nanoka seventh Nihon Japan
nansei southwest Nihon (no) Japanese
nante imashita? pardon Nihon·go Japanese (language)
(me)?, sorry? Nihon·go de in Japanese
nanto southeast Nihon-jin Japanese (person)
ABCDEFGHIJKLNa

naorimasu to cure ni-hyaku two hundred

naoshimasu to mend ni-ju twenty
nao warui desu it’s worse; niku meat
much worse ni-kai first floor, (U S) second
naraimasu to learn floor; twice
narubeku hayaku as soon as nik·ki diary (for personal experi-
possible ences)
naruhodo I see; indeed nik·ko sunshine
nashi de without niku-ya butcher’s
natsu summer nimotsu luggage, baggage
nazenara because nimotsu o tsumemasu to
ne? isn’t it?, haven’t we?, pack
haven’t you? etc -nin classifier for people
nedan cost, price nin·gyo doll
nedoko bed (Japanese-style) nin·gyo-geki puppet show
nega negative (film) ninki no aru popular
neko cat ninshin-chu (no) pregnant
nemurimasu to sleep Nip·pon Japan
nen·gajo New Year’s card nise (no) fake
nenkin-seikatsu·sha pensioner nishi west

198
nishukan fortnight nice

Japanese ➜ English
o-ai-dekite ureshidesu
ni-to second class (train etc) to meet you
niwa garden oba overcoat
niwaka-ame shower (of rain) oba-san aunt
no of; possessive particle oba-san grandmother (some-
no aida ni between; during one else’s)
nodo throat Obei the West
nodo no itami sore throat Obei (no) Western
no hoe towards Obei-jin Westerner
nojo farm obi sash
nok·ku shimasu to knock oboete imasu to
nomi flea remember
nomimasu to drink obon tray
nomimono drink ocha green tea
no mukoni beyond odori main road; avenue
norikaemasu to change odorimasu to dance
(trains etc) odoroku-hodo (no) astonish-
norimasu to get on (train etc) ing
no shita ni under (in position) ofuku-kip·pu return ticket,

ABCDEFGHIJKLOk
no soba near; by round-trip ticket
umi no soba by the sea ofuro bath
no soba ni beside ofuro-ba bathroom
no soko ni at the bottom of ofuro-tsuki de ... ... with
no soto ni outside bathroom
no tame ni because of; for ogenki desu ka? how are
no tonari next to you?
no ue on ohayogozaimasu good
no ushiro ni behind morning
nuimasu to sew oi nephew (one’s own)
nunoji cloth, fabric oishi delicious
nureta wet oji-san uncle
nusumimasu to steal oji-san grandfather
nyujoryo admission charge ojo-san daughter (someone
else’s)
O oku much
oku nai not a lot
oka hill
o object particle okagesama de fine; well
o- polite prefix okane money

199
 okane o tsukaimasu to spend
Japanese ➜ English
okanjo bill, (U S) check
oka-san mother
okashi funny, strange
oki big, large
okimasu to get up; to leave;
to keep; to put
okiwasuremasu to leave
behind
okorimasu to happen
okot·ta angry
oku-san wife (someone else’s)
okugai outdoor
okunai indoor
okure delay
okurimasu to send
okurimono gift
okyaku-sama guest
okyu-teate first aid
ABCDEFGHIJKLOk
omago-san grandchild (some-
one else’s)
omatase sorry to keep you
waiting
omatsuri festival
omawari-san policeman
omedeto! congratulations!
Omisoka New Year’s Eve
omiyage souvenir
omo (na) main
omocha toy
omoi serious, grave; heavy
omoimas to think
omosa weight
omoshiroi exciting; interest-
ing; funny, amusing
omutsu nappy, diaper
onaji the same
onaji yo (na) similar
onaka stomach
200
onaka ga suita hungry
onegai shimasu please; thank
you
hai, onegai shimasu yes,
please
one-san sister
on·gaku music
on·gak-ka musician
oni-san brother
on·na no ko girl
onsen hot spring
Oranda Holland
Oranda (no) Dutch
orenji-iro (no) orange
origami paper folding
orikaeshi denwa shimasu to
ring back
orimasu to get out; to get
off
oroshimasu to let off
osake alcoholic drink
osaki ni good night; good-
bye; see you
osenko joss stick
oshare (na) trendy, fashion-
able
oshibori moistened hand
towel
oshikomi-goto burglary
oshimasu to push
oshire cupboard, closet
oshiri hip; bottom
Oshogatsu New Year
osoi slow; late
osoku slowly
osoraku probably
osoroshi horrible, awful
ososhiki funeral
osugi too many, too much
osugimasu that is too much platform;

Japanese ➜ English
purat·to-homu
osuwari kudasai sit down track
otanjobi omedeto gozaimasu! puru swimming pool
happy birthday!
otera Buddhist temple R
otoko no hito man
otoko no ko boy
otona adult raishu next week
oto-san father; dad raishu no ashita a week
otoshiyori old person tomorrow
ototo brother (one’s own: raishu no kyo a week today
younger) rai-u thunderstorm
ototoi the day before yester- regyura regular unleaded
day petrol
owan bowl rei example
owari end reitoshita frozen
owarimasu to finish reizoko fridge
owarimashita it’s finished rek·kasha breakdown service
oyasuminasai good night renji cooker

ABCDEFGHIJKLRy
oya-yubi thumb renta-ka rented car; car
oyogimasu to swim rental
rentaru (no) to rent, for hire
P renzu lens; camera lens; con-
tact lens
reshito receipt
pachinko pinball rimujin-basu airport bus
pak·ku-ryoko package holi- rinsu conditioner (for hair)
day roji lane
pan bread roku six
panfuret·to brochure roka corridor
panku puncture Rokugatsu June
panti–sutok·kingu tights, roku-ju sixty
pantyhose romendensha tram
pantsu underpants; shorts rop·pyaku six hundred
pan-ya baker’s rosenzu network map
piru contraceptive pill rosoku candle
pop·pusu pop music ryo amount (quantity)
posuto letterbox, mailbox ryogae-jo bureau de change
purasutik·ku plastic ryogae-reto exchange rate

201
 ryoho both
Japanese ➜ English
ryojikan consulate
ryokan Japanese traditional
inn
ryokin charge; fare; rental
ryokinbako fare box
ryoko journey
sore dewa tanoshi ryoko o!
have a good journey!
ryokogaisha travel agent’s
ryokokyaku tourist
ryokoshimasu to travel
ryori food; dish (meal)
ryori shimasu to cook
ryoshin parents (one’s own)
ryukookure (no) unfashion-
able
S third floor; three times
ABCDEFGHIJKLRy
sakana-ya fishmonger’s
sakasama upside down
sakazuki sake cup
saki first
sakihodo earlier
sakura cherry blossom
sakura no ki cherry tree
-sama Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss
sambashi jetty
sam-byaku three hundred
samonaito otherwise
sampatsu haircut (man’s)
samui cold
san three
-san Mr; Mrs; Ms; Miss
San·gatsu March
san-ju thirty
san-kai second floor, (U S)

san-shoku-tsuki full board

sara plate
sabisu-ryo service charge sarari-man businessman;
sagashimasu to search, to salaried worker
look for sarubin surface mail, over-
sai-aku (no) worst land mail
saifu purse; wallet sato sugar
saigai disaster -satsu classifier for books
saigo (no) final, last sawagashi loud
saijitsu public holiday sayonara goodbye
saijokai top floor se ga takai tall
saikin recently seifu government
saiko(no) best seihin product
saishin (no) latest, most seijo(na) normal
recent, up-to-date seika net price
saisho (no) first seikaku (na) accurate
saisho ni at first seikyusho bill, (U S) check;
saishoku-shugisha vegetarian invoice
saizu size seiri period (menstruation)
sakana fish seiri-yonapukin sanitary nap-

202
kins/towels
seishiki (na) formal
seiyo(no) Occidental
sekai world
seki seat; cough
sek·ken soap
semai narrow (street)
-semasu to let, to allow
sem·mendai washhand basin
sempuki fan (electrical)
sen thousand; line; plug (i n
sink)
senaka back (of body)
senaka no itami backache
senchi centimetre
sen·nuki bottle-opener
se no hikui short
sensei teacher; polite form
of address for teachers,
doctors, dentists etc
senshitsu cabin
senshu last week
senshukara since last week
senshuno Kin·yobi last Friday
sensu fan
sentak-ki washing machine
sentaku-mono washing,
laundry
sentaku-ya laundry (place)
sento public baths
sen·yono basu-toire private
bathroom
senzai washing powder
serotepu Sellotape®, Scotch
tape®
ses·shi centigrade
seta pullover, sweater
setomono china
setsubi equipment
setsumei shimasu to explain
Japanese ➜ English
setsuzoku connection (i n
travelling)
setsuzokubin connecting
flight
sewa o shimasu to look after
shacho managing director,
president (of company)
shako garage (for parking)
shareta posh
sharin wheel
shasen lane (on motorway)
shashin photo; picture
shatsu shirt
shawa-tsuki (no) with shower
shi death; city; four
shiai game, match
shibafu lawn
shibai play (in theatre)
ABCDEFGHIJKLSh
shibutsu belongings
shichaku shimasu to try on
shichaku-shitsu fitting room
shichi seven
Shichigatsu July
shigai-kyokuban dialling
code, area code
Shigatsu April
shigoto business; job, work
shihainin manager
shiharai payment
shiharaimasu to pay
shihei banknote, (U S) bill
shijo market (in business)
shiken exam
shiki-buton mattress
shikiten ceremony
shik·ki lacquerware
shima island
shimarimasu to close
203
 to do; to play; to shita downstairs; tongue
Japanese ➜ English
shimasu
give; to make; to work (as); shita (ni) below
to taste; to smell; to feel; to shita e ikimasu to go down
sound; to cost shite: … shite kuremasen ka?
shimat·ta closed could you please ...?
shimbun newspaper, paper shi-teki (na) private
shimbun·ya newsagent’s shitsugyo-chu unemployed
shimemasu to shut shitsumon question
shimet·ta damp shitsurei (na) rude
shimo frost shitsurei shimasu excuse me
shimpai worried shit·te imasu to know
shinai: … shinai ho ga i desu shiyo-chu engaged, occupied
you shouldn’t ... shizen (na) natural; peaceful,
shincho height quiet
shinda dead shizuka ni! quiet!
shindaisha sleeper, sleeping shobosho fire brigade
car shodoku-zai antiseptic
shin·go traffic lights shogi Japanese chess
shin·gu bedding (W estern- shogo midday, noon
ABCDEFGHIJKLSh

style) shohosen prescription

shin·guru single room shoji sliding door (wooden lat-
shin·guru-bed·do single bed tice and paper)
shinimasu to die shoka-furyo indigestion
shinjiran·nai unbelievable shokai shimasu to introduce
shinkansen bullet train shokaki fire extinguisher
shinsen (na) fresh shokbutsu plant
shinsetsu (na) friendly, nice; shokudosha restaurant car,
kind; generous buffet car
shinshifuku-uriba menswear shokuji meal
shinshitsu bedroom shokuji o shimasu to have
shintai-shogai-sha disabled dinner
person; the disabled shok·ki o araimasu to do the
shinzo heart washing-up
shirabemasu to find out; to shok·ki-yosenzai washing-up
check liquid
shirafu (no) sober shokuryohin food (in shop)
shirimasen I don’t know shokuryohin-ten food
shiro castle shop/store
shiroi white shomeisignature
204
shomeisho certificate
shonin witness
shorai future
shorui document
shotai invitation
shotai shimasu to invite
shotsu pants, panties
shu week (this, last, next etc)
shujin husband (one’s own)
shukai meeting
shukan custom; week (one,
two, three etc)
shukyo religion
shumatsu weekend
shumi hobby
shup·patsu departure
shup·patsu-raunji departure
lounge
shup·patsu shimasu to leave,
to depart
shuri shimasu to repair
shurui type, make, brand
name
shut·cho business trip
shuten terminus
sukoshi a little bit, not
much; little; some
sukoshi no a few
sukunaku-tomo at least
so so
so desu that’s right
sobi equipment
soin monastery
sojiki vacuum cleaner
soko (de) there
soko-kyori-museigen unlim-
ited mileage
sokutatsu express (mail)
somatsu (na) poor (quality)
son·na such; so; like that
Japanese ➜ English
son·na ni takusan ja naku
not so much
son·na ni waruku nai not so
bad
sono the; that (nearby)
sono tori desu that’s it
sono toki then, at that time
so-on noise
sora sky
sore it; that (nearby); that one
(nearby); those; them
(objects)
sore dake desu that’s all
sore de i desu ka? is that
OK?
sore desu that one
sore wa … des it is ...
sore zembu all of it
ABCDEFGHIJKLSu
sorekara and then
sorera (ga) they (inanimate
objects)
sorera no their; theirs (inani-
mate objects)
sorera o them (inanimate
objects)
sorera wa they (inanimate
objects)
sorezore (no) each, every
soridaijin prime minister
soryo Buddhist priest
soshite and
soto ni outside
sozai-ya delicatessen
sutando lamp
suteki (na) lovely
sutemasu to throw away
subarashi beautiful; excel-
lent, great, wonderful
205
 subete everything
Japanese ➜ English
subete no every
sugu at once, immediately;
soon
sugu ni straightaway; in a
minute
-sugimasu too
sugoi super, great
sugoi! well done!
suichu-yokusen hydrofoil
suido-ya plumber
suijo-ski waterskiing
suit·chi switch
Suiyobi Wednesday
sujitsu mae the other day
suki: … ga suki desu ka? do
you like ...?
suki desu I like it
suki ja arimasen I don’t like
ABCDEFGHIJKLSu
tabun perhaps, maybe
tabun chigau desho perhaps
not
tada free of charge
tadashi correct, right
taifu typhoon
Taiheiyo Pacific Ocean
taikutsu bored
taikutsu (na) boring
taira (na) flat
taisetsu (na) important
taishikan embassy
taitei most; mostly, most of
the time
taitei no most
taiyo sun
takai high; expensive; tall
takasa height
take bamboo

it tak·kyu table tennis

sumi corner tako kite
sumi ni in the corner tako-age kite-flying
sumimasen thanks; sorry; takusan a lot, lots
may I? takusan (no) much; many; a
suna sand lot, lots
sunde imasu to live takusan no … plenty of ..., a
sunika trainers lot of ...
supa supermarket takushi-noriba taxi rank
sup·pai sour takushi no unten-shu taxi-
suwarimasu to sit down driver
suzushi cool takuwae supply
tambo paddy field
T tameshimasu to try
tana shelf
tani valley
tabako cigarette tanjobi birthday
tabemasu to eat tanomimasu to ask
tabemono food tanoshimimasu to enjoy
tabitabi (no) frequent oneself
206
tansha moped
taoru flannel; towel
tarimasen there’s not
enough
tashika certain, sure
tashika desu ka? are you
sure?
tashika ni certainly
tasukete! help!
tatami straw mat
tatoeba for example
tatoe …-temo even if
tazunemasu to visit
te hand
tebukuro gloves
techo notebook; diary
tegami letter
tegoro (na) reasonable; inex-
pensive
tehai shimasu to arrange
teiki-bin scheduled flight
teikiken rail pass
teinei (na) polite
tekubi wrist
tencho manager (in shop)
te ni iremasu to get, to fetch
tenimots baggage; hand lug-
gage
tenimotsu-azukari-jo left lug-
gage (office), baggage
checkroom
tenimotsu-uketori-jo baggage
claim
tenjikan pavilion
tenki weather
Ten·no-Heika Emperor of
Japan
tenrankai exhibition
tenso-saki forwarding
address
Japanese ➜ English
tento tent
tep·pen ni at the top
terebi television
teru-rampu rear lights
tetsudaimasu to help
tetsudo railway
tis·shu (pepa) tissues,
Kleenex®
to with, accompanying; and;
door (of house: Japanese-style)
-to metropolis
to pagoda; ten
tobimasu to fly
tochaku arrival
tochaku shimasu to arrive, to
get in
todana cupboard
toi far
ABCDEFGHIJKLTo
toire toilet, rest room
tojiki crockery
tojikomemasu to lock in
tojoken boarding pass
toku (no) distant
toka tenth
tokei clock, watch
toki pottery
tokidoki sometimes
tok·kyu super express train
toku ni especially
tokonoma alcove
tokoro place; someone’s
house
toko-ya barber’s
Tokyowan Tokyo Bay
tomarimasu to stop; to stay
tomei (no) clear
tomemasu to switch off
(engine)
207
 tomodachi friend
Japanese ➜ English
ton·neru tunnel
toranku boot (of car), (U S)
trunk
torena sweatshirt
tori bird
tori street
toridashimasu to get out, to
take out
torihiki deal (business)
torikaemasu to change, to
replace
torikeshimasu to cancel
torimasu to take, to accept
torokuban·go registration
number, license number
toshi age; city; year
toshi o tot·ta old (person)
totemo quite; very, extreme-
ABCDEFGHIJKLTo
tsuki moon
tsukiatari end of a road
tsukimasu to arrive
tsukurimasu to make
tsuma wife (one’s own)
tsumaranai dull, uninterest-
ing
tsumasaki toe
tsume nail (finger)
tsumetai cold
-tsu classifier for letters
tsua tour
tsuika-ryokin supplement,
extra charge
tsuin twin room
tsui ni eventually
tsuitach first
tsuite no about, concerning
tsujite imasu to lead

ly; so; a lot tsurete ikimasu to take, to

totemo oishi delicious, excel- lead
lent tsurogawa no seki aisle seat
totsuzen ni suddenly tsuyadashi polish
tot·te handle tsuyaku interpreter
tot·te through tsuyu rainy season
tot·te okimasu to keep tsuyoi strong
toyo(no) Oriental, Eastern
tozan mountaineering U
tsugi (no) next
sono tsugi no hi the day after
tsugono i convenient (time) ubaguruma buggy
tsukaeta stuck uchi home
tsukaimasu to use uchimasho deal
tsukamaemasu to fetch; to sore de te o uchimasho it’s a
catch deal
tsukaremashita I’m tired ude arm
tsukareta tired udedokei wristwatch
tsukemasu to switch on (T V, ue upstairs; above
lights) … no ue ni on top of ...
208
 ue ni up
ugokashimasu to move
uketorimasu to accept
uketsuke reception desk
uketsuke de at reception
uketsuke-gakari receptionist
uketsukemasu to accept
ukezara saucer
uma horse
umi sea
umibe shore
un luck
untem·menkyosho driving
licence
unten shimasu to drive
untenshu driver
un·yoku fortunately
ura back
ureshi happy, glad
uridashi-chu for sale
urimasu to sell
uru wool
urusai noisy
urusai! shut up!
ushiro ni at the back
uso o tsukimasu to lie, to tell
untruth
usu-… pale (colour)
usui weak; thin; light, pale
uta song
utaimasu to sing
utsukushi beautiful
W
wa subject particle
wafu Japanese-style
wakai young
wakarimasu to understand
Japanese ➜ English
wakarimasu ka? do you
understand?
wakarimasen I don’t under-
stand
wakimichi side street
wan bay
waraimasu to laugh
waribiki discount
warikan going Dutch
warui bad; ill
waruku badly
washi paper
wasuremasu to forget
watakushi (ga) I (pol)
watakushi no my; mine (pol)
watakushi o me (pol)
watakushi wa I (pol)
watashi (ga) I
ABCDEFGHIJKLYa
watashi mo me too
watashi mo so desu so am I,
so do I
watashi no my; mine
watashi no desu it’s mine
watashi o me
watashi wa I
watashi wa … desu I am
watashitachi (ga) we
watashitachi no our; ours
watashitachi o us
watashitachi wa we
waza to deliberately
winka indicator
Y
yakan kettle
yakedo burn
209
 yakedo shimasu to burn
Japanese ➜ English
yak·kai-goto trouble
yak·kyoku pharmacy
yaku ni tatsu helpful; useful
yakuso herbs (medicinal)
yakyu baseball
yama mountain
yamagoya cabin (in mountains)
yamete kudasai! stop it!
yane roof
yao-ya greengrocer’s
yasai vegetables
yasashi easy
yaseta thin, skinny
yasui cheap, inexpensive;
low
yasumi holiday, vacation
yat·tsu eight
yawarakai soft
ABCDEFGHIJKLYa
yoake dawn
yofu(no) Western-style
yofuku clothes (W estern)
yogore dirt
yogoreta polluted
yoi ga dekita ready
yoku often
yoka eighth
yokat·ta! good!
yokubari (na) greedy
yok·ka fourth
yoku kireru sharp
yoko side
yoko ni narimasu to lie down
yokuso bath, bathtub
yom-bun no ichi quarter
yomimasu to read
yomoku foreign cigarettes
yon four
yon-hyaku four hundred
210
yon-ju forty
yop·parat·ta drunk
yorimasu: bai ni yorimasit
depends
yorimo than
yoru night
yoshi form, document
yoshinasai! don’t do that!
yotei schedule
yot·tsu four
yowai weak
yoyaku reservation; appoint-
ment
yoyaku shimasu to book, to
reserve
yube last night
yubi finger
yubimban·go postcode, zip
code
yubin post, mail
yubi-nin·gyo puppet
yubinkyoku post office
yubinkyoku no honkyoku
main post office
yubiwa ring (on finger)
yudoku (na) poisonous
yuen four-star petrol
yuenchi fair, funfair
yugata evening
yuka floor (of room)
yukata cotton dressing gown
yuki snow
yuk·kuri slowly
yuko(na) valid (ticket etc)
yumei (na) famous
yurui loose
yushoku evening meal
yusoshimasu to post, to mail
yut·tari shita comfortable
 Japanese ➜ English
Z
zabuton floor cushion
zan·nen (des)! what a
shame!, it’s a pity!
zas·shi magazine
zeikan Customs
zeitaku (na) luxurious
zembu the whole lot, all of
them
sore zembu all of it
zembu de altogether
Zen-dera Zen temple
zenkai last time
zensai starter, appetizer
Zen-so Zen priest
Zen-tei Zen garden
zenzen not in the least

ABCDEFGHIJKLZu
zet·tai chigaimasu! certainly
not!
zo statue
zubon trousers, (U S) pants
zutsu headache
zut·to much, a lot more

211
Japanese
➜
English
Signs and
Notices
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
Contents
General Signs ....................................................................215
Airport, Planes ..................................................................215
Banks, Money....................................................................216
Bus Travel ..........................................................................216
Countries, Nationalities ....................................................217
Customs ............................................................................218
Days ..................................................................................218
Emergencies ......................................................................218
Entertainment ..................................................................219
Ferry, Boat Services ..........................................................220
Forms ................................................................................220
Garages..............................................................................220
Geographical Terms ..........................................................221
Hairdresser’s, Beauty Salon ................................................221
Health ..............................................................................222
Hiring, Renting ................................................................222
Hotels................................................................................222
Japanese Culture and Festivals............................................223
Lifts (Elevators)..................................................................223
Medicines ..........................................................................224
Months..............................................................................224
Notices on Doors..............................................................224
Phones ..............................................................................225
Place Names......................................................................225
Post Office ........................................................................226
Public Holidays ................................................................226
Restaurants, Cafés and Bars ..............................................227
Road Signs ........................................................................228
Shopping ..........................................................................228
Streets and Roads ..............................................................230
Taxis ..................................................................................230
Timetables ........................................................................231
Toilets................................................................................231
Train Types ........................................................................231
Train and Underground Travel ..........................................232
Youth Hostels ....................................................................233

214
 gh

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

General Signs shup·patsu
departure(s)
!" otona adult ijk ikisaki destination
#$ kodomo child lmnop … iki bound
%& kiken danger for …
'() nomimizu drinking qr keiyu via
water stu tojoguchi boarding
*+,-./ gate
… okotowari … forbidden vwx tojoken boarding pass
01 an·nai information yz{ geto gate
23456789: |} higashi-guchi east exit
;<= shibafu ni (or entrance)
hairanaide kudasai keep off ~¡ kita-guchi north exit
the grass (or entrance)
>?@ABC tachiiri- ¢£ minami-guchi south
kinshi keep out exit (or entrance)
DEF kinryoku no fishing ¤¥ nishi-guchi west exit
GH kin·en no smoking (or entrance)
IJ kosho out of order ¦§ koku airline
KL gomi litter ¨©ª kokuken airline ticket
MNOPQR gomi «¬­ Zen-Nik·ku All
steruna no litter Nippon Airways
STUV odanhodo !"# kokunai-sen
pedestrian crossing domestic airlines
WXY shizukani quiet, $%& kokusai-sen
please international airlines
'()* Nihon-Koku
Japan Airlines
Airport, Planes +, yoyaku reservations
Z[ kuko airport -. an·nai information
\]^_ kuko-basu /01 an·nai-gakari
airport bus information desk
`ab kokubin flight 234567
cd bim·mei flight number tenimotsu-uketori-jo baggage
ef tochaku arrival(s) claim

215
 89:;<= ¡¢ muryo no charge
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
chek·ku-in
check-in £¤¥ shohi-zei VAT, (US)
>?@ menzei-ten duty- consumption tax
free shop ¦ en yen
§ yen
¨© doru dollar
Banks, Money ª«¬ pondo pound
sterling
AB ginko bank
CDEFGHIJ
gaikoku-kawase-konin-ginko
Bus Travel
authorized foreign ­® basu bus
exchange bank ¯°±²³´
KLM ryogaejo bureau de basu-senta bus station
change, foreign exchange !"# basu-tei bus stop
NOPQ gaikoku-kawase $%&'( basu-noriba
foreign exchange bus boarding point
RS madoguchi counter )*+,-./
TUVWX kawase-reto basu-taminaru bus terminal
exchange rate 01234 … iki bound
YZ furikae transfer for …
[\]^ kawase-tegata 567 shi-basu municipal
banker’s draft bus
_`abcdefg 89:; toei-basu
h traberazu-chek·ku municipal bus (in Tokyo)
traveller’s cheque <=>?@ kip·pu-uriba
ijklmnop ticket office
kurejit·to-kado credit card AB kip·pu ticket
qrst kado-ka credit CDE kaisuken book of
cards accepted tickets
uvwx kozaban·go FGH unchin-hyo table of
account number fares
yz koza bank account IJ yuko valid
{| ryokin fee KLMNOPQ josha
}~ yuryo fee charged wa mae tobira kara enter at

216
front door ª«¬­®

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

Yorop·pa
RSTUVWX kosha Europe; European
wa ushiro tobira kara exit at ¯°±² Fransu France;
rear door French
YZ[ unchim-bako fare box ³ Futsu France; French
\]^ ryokin-bako fare box ´µ¶ Doitsu Germany;
_` kaiso out of service German
abcd tsugi-wa-teisha ¸ Doku Germany; German
stopping at the next stop ¹º» Indo India; Indian
efg seisanjo excess fare ¼½¾¿ Itaria Italy;
office Italian
! Nichi Japan; Japanese
"# Nihon Japan; Japanese
Countries, $%&'( Mareshia
Nationalities Malaysia; Malay
)*+,-./0
hijk Amerika Nyu-Jirando New Zealand
America;American 123 Kita-Chosen North
lmnopqr Korea; North Korean
Osutoraria Australia; 45678 Norue
Australian Norway; Norwegian
s Ei Britain; British; 9:;< …-jin person
England; English =>?@A Firipin
tu Eikoku Britain; British; Philippines; Filipina
England; English BCD Roshia Russia;
vwx Kanada Canada; Russian
Canadian EF Kankoku South Korea;
yz Chugoku China; South Korean
Chinese GHIJ Spein Spain;
{|}~¡ Dem·maku Spanish
Denmark; Danish KLMNOP Sueden
¢£¤¥ Oranda Sweden; Swedish
Holland; Dutch Q Bei USA
¦§¨© Igirisu England; RS Beikoku USA
English; Britain; British

217
 Thursday
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
Customs
­®¯ Kin·yobi Friday
TU zeikan Customs °±² Doyobi Saturday
VWXY zeikan-shinsa ³´µ Nichiyobi Sunday
Customs check
Z[\]^
zeikan-kokuchi-sho Customs
Emergencies
declaration form !"# kyukyu-sha
_`abcd zeikan- ambulance
shinkoku-yoshi Customs 119 ' hyaku-ju-kyu-ban
declaration form ambulance; fire brigade
ef shuk·koku departure () byoin hospital
from a country *+,- kyukyu-byoin
gh nyukoku entry into a emergency hospital
country ./012 okyu-teate
ijklm first aid
nyukoku-kado entry card, 345 kyukyu-bako first-
landing card aid box
nopq nyukoku-shinsa 6789: kyukyu-set·to
entry examination first-aid kit, emergency kit
rst gaikoku-jin 110 > hyaku-to-ban police
foreigners ?@ keisats police
uvwxy ABCDE kasai-hochiki
shutsunyukoku-kanri fire alarm
immigration FGH shobosho fire
z{| Nihon-jin Japanese brigade
nationals IJK shokaki fire
}~ ken·eki quarantine extinguisher
LMN hinan·guchi
emergency exit
Days OPQ hijoguchi
¡¢£ Getsuyobi Monday emergency exit
¤¥¦ Kayobi Tuesday RS kosho breakdown
§¨© Suiyobi Wednesday TUVWXY hijo-
ª«¬ Moku·yobi yobidashi emergency call

218
Z[\] &' man·in full

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

hijo-denwa
emergency telephone ( geki play, drama
)*+ jidai-geki historical
play or film
Entertainment ,-./ Teikoku-Gekijo
^_` eigakan cinema, Imperial Theatre
movie theater 0123 Kabuki-za
ab eiga film, movie kabuki theatre
cdef seijin-eiga adult 4567 Kokuritsu-Gekijo
film National Theatre
ghijklm 89 Bunraku traditional
animeshon cartoon puppet theatre
no yoga Western film : N o Noh play
pq jimaku subtitles <= Kyogen traditional
rstuvw rodosho comic drama
special release >?@ Kabuki traditional
xyz joei-chu now drama from the Edo period
showing ABCD disuko disco
{|}~ kaijo-jikan EFGHIJ
opening time naito-kurabu nightclub
¡¢£ maeuri-ken advance KLMNOP
booking hosutesu-ba hostess bar
¤¥ gekijo theatre QRST karaoke karaoke
¦§ kip·pu ticket bar
¨©ª« kip·pu-uriba UVWXYZ miseinen-
ticket office, box office okotowari minors not
¬ seki seat admitted
­® zaseki seat [\]^_`ab
¯°±² zaseki-ban·go miseinensha-nyujo-muko
seat number minors not admitted
³´µ shiteiseki reserved cdef pachinko pinball
seat ghijklm gemu-
!"# shitei-ken reserved senta amusement arcade
seat ticket nopqrstuv
$% manseki all seats taken takis·shu basu Turkish bath

219
 5678
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
ryoken-ban·go
Ferry, Boat
passport number
Services 9:;<=>?@
wxyz{ kyumei-boto gaikoku-
lifeboat jin-toroku-shomeisho foreign
|}~¡ feri ferry; ferry resident’s ID card, alien
service registration card
¢£¤¥¦§¨ hoba- ABCDE
kurafuto hovercraft mibun-shomeisho ID card
©ª«¬ suichu-yokusen FGHIJ shup·patsu-
hydrofoil yoteibi intended date of
departure
KLMN taizai-nis·su
Forms length of stay
­® yoshi form OP hakusu length of visit
¯°±²³ anketo QRST
questionnaire honichi-mokuteki purpose of
´µ¶¸¹º»¼½ visit
¾¿ÀÁ borupen de UVW go-shome signature
gokinyu kudasai write in ink XYZ sain signature
ÂÃ shimei full name
ÄÅÆ onamae name
ÇÈ jusho address
Garages
ÉÊËÌ taizaijusho [\]^_`ab
address during stay gasorin-sutando petrol
!"# renrakusaki contact station, (US) gas station
address cdef gasorin petrol,
$% nenrei age (US) gas
&'() seinen-gap·pi gh sekiyu petrol, (US) gas
date of birth ij keiyu diesel
*+ kokuseki nationality klmn hai-oku high
,- shokugyo occupation octane
./01234 opqr supa super,
pasupoto-ban·go passport premium
number stuvw regyura

220
regular unleaded 0 umi sea

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

xyz oiru oil 12 chojo summit
{| toyu paraffin, kerosene 3 tani valley
}~¡¢£¤¥ jidosha- 45 kazan volcano
seibi-kojo auto repairs 6 taki waterfall
¦§ sensha car wash 7 shi town, city
¨© ryokin fee, charge 8 mura village
ª« yuryo fee, charge 9 ken prefecture
¬­®¯ muryotenken : higashi east
free inspection ; kita north
°± muryo no charge <= chiho region, area
²³´µ¶¸ tenken- > minami south
sabisu service ? nishi west
¹º»¼½¾¿ taiya- @A Kansai Kansai Region
chek·ku tyre check, (US) tire (Osaka etc)
check BC Kanto Kanto Region
À mizu water (Tokyo etc)
ÁÂ eya air

Geographical Hairdresser’s,
Terms Beauty Salon
DEF biyoin hairdresser’s,
! misaki cape, promontory beauty salon
" kuni country GH tokoya barber’s shop
# mori forest IJK rihatsu·ten barber’s
$% onsen hot spring shop
& shima island LMNOPQRST
' mizumi lake byuti-saron beauty salon
() chizu map UVWXYZ buro-dorai
* yama mountain blow dry
+, sam·myaku mountain [\] kat·to cut
range ^_ chohatsu cut
-. hanto peninsula !"#$%&
/ kawa river heya-sutairu hairstyle

221
 '()*+ heya-set·to set nopq kashibeya room
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
,-./0123 to let
shampu-set-to shampoo and rstu jikan-gashi
set hourly rental
45 sempatsu wash vw atama-kin deposit
6789: manikyua xyz tetsukekin deposit
manicure {|}~ kyori-barai
;<=>? mas·saji payment by distance
massage ¡¢£¤ jikan-barai
payment by the hour
¥¦§¨©ª«¬
Health rentaru-sabisu rental service
@A isha doctor ­®¯ ni-di-ke two rooms
BCD haisha dentist and dining kitchen
EF in (small) hospital
GH byoin hospital
IJK shinryojo clinic
Hotels
LMN hokenjo public °±² hoteru hotel
health centre ³´ minshuku guesthouse
OP shinryo consultation µ¶¸¹º»¼
QRST shinryo-jikan bijinesu-hoteru business
consultation hours hotel
½¾¿ÀÁÂÃ
kapuseru- hoteru capsule
Hiring, Renting hotel
UVWXY kashi-… ÄÅ ryokan traditional inn
… hire, … rental !"# kaikei-gakari cashier
Z[\]^ kashi-jitensha $%&' furonto
bicycle hire reception
_`abc kashi-boto () uketsuke reception
boat hire *+, robi lobby
defgh kashi-jidosha -./01234567
car rental Nihon-Kotsu-Kosha Japan
ijklm rentaka car Travel Bureau
rental 89 dantai group

222
:; yoyaku reservations xy sumo traditional

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

<= heya room Japanese wrestling
>? washitsu Japanese- z{ Shogatsu New Year
style room |} Setsubun Bean-
@A yoshitsu Western-style Throwing Festival (3
room February)
BC reibo air-conditioning ~¡ Hina-matsuri Girls’
DEF ofuro bath Festival, Doll Festival (3
GHIJKLMN March)
dainingu-rumu dining room ¢£ Hanami Cherry
OP shokudo dining room Blossom Viewing
QRS inryosui drinking ¤¥ Hana-matsuri
water Buddha’s Birthday (8 April)
TUV nomimizu drinking ¦§ Tanabata Star Festival
water (7 July)
WXYZ[\ kuriningu ¨© Obon Bon Festival,
dry-cleaning Buddhist festival celebrated
]^ dambo heating in summer
_` onsen hot spring !"# Shichigosan
abcd raunji lounge Festival for 3, 5 and 7 year
efghijk olds (15 November)
rumu-sabisu room service $%&'( Kurisumasu
lm denwa telephone Christmas
nopqr jido-hambaiki )*+ bijutsukan art
vending machine gallery
,-. hakbutsukan
museum
Japanese /0 onsen hot spring
Culture and 123 ofuro public bath
Festivals (see also
Public Holidays)
Lifts (Elevators)
st jin temple 456789 erebeta
u tera temple lift, elevator
vw jinja shrine : …-kai floor, storey

223
 ;< chikai basement aspirin
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
=> ik·kai ground floor, vwx chintsu-zai
(US) first floor painkiller
?@ ni·kai first floor, (US) yz{|}~¡¢
second floor hi-pirin-kei-chintsu-zai
AB te·in capacity paracetamol
CD man·in full !"#$%&'
E hei close sekidome-dorop·pu throat
F kai open lozenges
G ue up
H shita down
IJKL hijoteishi
Months
emergency stop () Ichigatsu January
MNOP hijodenwa *+ Nigatsu February
emergency telephone ,- San·gatsu March
QR kosho out of order ./ Shigatsu April
01 Gogatsu May
23 Rokgatsu June
Medicines 45 Shichigatsu July
STUVWX ichinichi …- 67 Hachigatsu August
jo … tablets a day 89 Kugatsu September
YZ[\]^ :; Jugatsu October
ichinichi …-kai … times a <=> Juichigatsu
day November
_` shokugo after meals ?@A Junigatsu
abc shushinzen before December
going to bed
de shokuzen before meals
fg shok·kan between meals
Notices on Doors
hijk fuku·yohoho BC iriguchi entrance, way in
directions for oral use DE deguchi exit, way out
lm tekiryo dosage FGHI jido-doa
n saji spoonful(s) automatic door
op jozai tablets JK hiku pull
qrstu asupirin LM osu push

224
NOP eigyochu open

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

Phones
QR hiraku to open
S kai open º» denwa phone
T hei closed ¼½¾¿ koshudenwa
UVW tojiru to close, to shut public phone
XY kyujitsu closed ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
Z[\ eigyochu open for denwa-bok·ksu phone booth
business ÆÇÈÉÊË Kokusai-
]^_` nenju-mukyu Denshin-Denwa Overseas
open all year round Telecommunications Service
abcde Getsu-yo- ÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ
teikyubi closed on Mondays terehon-kado phonecard
fghij nichi-saijitsu- ÓÔÕ denwadai call charge
yasumi closedon Sundays Ö×Ø tsuwaryo call charge
and National Holidays ÙÚÛ kokanshu operator
klmn honjitsu-kyugyo ÜÝÞ denwacho directory
closed today ßà naisen extension
opq teikyubi closed for áâãä denwaban·go
holidays phone number
rstu hijodeguchi åæçè kokusai-denwa
emergency exit international call
vwx hijoguchi éêëì shinai-denwa
emergency exit local call
yz{ hinan·guchi !"#$% chokyori-
emergency exit denwa long-distance call
|}~¡ kaiho-genkin &'() shigai-denwa
keep closed out-of-town call
¢£¤¥¦ nyujo *+,-. fak·kusu fax;
okotowari no admittance fax machine
§¨©ª«¬­®¯
°±² kankeisha igai no
tachiiri kinshi no
admittance
Place Names
for unauthorized personnel /0 Hakone
³´µ¶¸¹ 12 Hiroshima
tachiiri-kinshi no entry 345 Hok·kaido

225
 67 Honshu mail, overland mail
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
89 Ise no jusho address
:; Kamakura pq atena addressee
<= Kobe rst insatsubutsu
>? Kyoto printed matter
@A Kyushu uv tomeoki poste restante,
BC Nagasaki general delivery
DEF Nagoya wx kawase money order
GH Nara yz chiho out of town
IJ Nik·ko {|}~ gaikoku-muke
KL Osaka overseas mail
MN Shikoku ¡¢£ tokunai to other
OP Tokyo parts of Toyko
QR Yokohama ¤¥¦ tafuken to other
prefectures
Post Office
STU yubinkyoku post
Public Holidays
office §¨ shukujitsu public
yubinkyoku no maku holiday
symbol for Japanese post ©ª Ganjitsu New Year’s
office Day
VW madoguchi counter «¬­® Sejin-no-hi
XY kit·te stamp Coming-of-Age Day (2nd
Z[ tegami letter Monday in January)
\] kozutsumi parcel, ¯°±²³ kenkoku-
package kinem·bi National
^_`a koku-shokan Foundation Day (11 February)
aerogramme ´µ¶¸ shum-bun·no-hi
bcd kokubin airmail Vernal Equinox
ef sokutatsu express mail ¹º»¼½ midori-no-hi
gh kakitome registered The Greenery Day (29 April)
mail ¾¿ÀÁÂ
ij funabin sea mail kempokinem·bi Constitution
klm sarubin surface Day (3 May)

226
!"#$ restaurant

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

kodomo-no-hi
Boys’ Festival, Children’s STUV chuka-ryori
Day (5 May) Chinese restaurant
%&' Sea Day (20 July) WXY tempura restaurant
()*+ keiro-no-hi specializing in deep-fried
Respect the Aged Day (15 food
September) Z[\] koryori-ya small
,-./ shubun·no-hi restaurant usually serving
Autumnal Equinox local dishes
0123 tai·iku-no-hi ^_ meshi-ya small local
Sports Day (2nd Monday in restaurant
October) `ab sushi-dokoro sushi
4567 bunka-no-hi restaurant
Culture Day (3 November) cdefg shojin-ryori-ya
89:;<= vegetarian restaurant
kinrokansha-no-hi Labour hij shokji-dokoro very
Thanksgiving Day (23 small local restaurant
November) klm eigyo-chu meals
>?@AB Ten·no-tanjobi being served
The Emperor’s Birthday (23 no teishoku set meal
December) pq soba noodles
rstu ramen Chinese
noodles
Restaurants, vwx okaikei cashier
Cafés and Bars yz{ kis·saten coffee shop
|}~¡ keishoku-kis·sa
CD shokudo restaurant coffee shop serving light meals
EFG ryori-ya restaurant ¢£ keishoku snackbar
HIJKL restoran ¤¥¦§ snak·ku
restaurant snackbar
MN kap·po upmarket ¨©ª«¬­ snak·kuba
restaurant snackbar
OP ryotei upmarket ®¯ ba bar
restaurant °±² izaka-ya bar,
QR washoku Japanese serving local cuisine

227
 ³´µ nomi-ya bar, '()
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
mawari-michi
serving food, often from a diversion, detour
mobile stall *+,- kosokudoro
expressway
./ kokudo national
Road Signs motorway/highway
¶¸¹º sasetsu-kinshi 0123 yuryodoro toll
no left turn road
»¼½¾ usetsu-kinshi no 45 ryokin fee
right turn 67 yuryo fee charged
¿ÀÁÂ teisha-kinshi no 89 muryo no charge
stopping :;< kosaten junction,
ÃÄÅÆ tsuko-kinshi no intersection
through traffic => honsen lane for
ÇÈÉÊ tsuko-dome no through traffic
through traffic ?@ fumikiri level crossing,
ËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ railroad crossing
spido o otose reduce speed ABC chushajo car park,
ÓÔÕÖ saiko-sokudo parking lot
maximum speed DEFGH hijo-
×ØÙÚ dorokoji road chusha-tai emergency
under construction parking area
ÛÜÝ koji-chu road works IJKLM ichiji-azukari
Þßàá kyukabu sharp short-term parking
bend NOPQ chusha-kinshi
âã joko slow no parking
äåæç it·tan-teishi stop RS mansha car park/
èéêë it·tan-teisha stop parking lot full
ìíî tomare stop
ïðñòóôõö
kono saki hyaku-metoru 100
Shopping
metres ahead TUVW …-ya
!" jiko accident … shop/store
#$ chui caution XYZ[ …-ten
%& kiken danger … shop/store

228
\] reji cash desk, cashier ËÌ sakana-ya fishmonger

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

^_ kaikei cashier ÍÎ hana-ya florist
`ab okanjo pay here ÏÐ shokuhin food
cdef kot·tohin-ten ÑÒÓ kudamono-ya fruit
antique shop, curiosity shop shop
ghijklm odio- ÔÕÖ yao-ya greengrocer’s
seihin audio and hi-fi ×ØÙÚ shokuryohin-ten
equipment grocer’s
nop pan-ya baker’s ÛÜÝ kanamono-ya
qr hon-ya bookshop, hardware store
bookstore Þß kimono kimonos
st shoten bookshop, àá baiten kiosk
bookstore âãäå daidokoro-yohin
uv niku-ya butcher’s kitchen goods
wxyz keki-ya cake shop æçèéêëì fujin-
{|}~ kamera-ya fuku(-uriba) ladies’ wear
camera shop department
¡¢£¤¥¦§ !"#$%&'(
kodomofuku(-uriba) koin-randori launderette,
children’s wear laundromat
¨© toki china )* ichiba market
ª«¬­ setomono-ya +,-./01
china shop shinshifuku(-uriba) menswear
®¯° kis·saten coffee shop department
±²³´ okashi-ya 23 saka-ya off-licence,
confectioner’s, candy store liquor store
µ¶¸ keshohin cosmetics 456789
¹º»¼ depato megane(-ten) optician
department store :; kosui perfumery
½¾¿ÀÁÂà <= kusuri-ya pharmacy
kuriningu-ten dry cleaner’s >? yak·kyoku pharmacy
ÄÅÆÇ denki-seihin @AB shashin-ya
electrical goods photography shop
ÈÉÊ denki-ya electrical CDEFG rekodo-ten
goods shop record shop, music store

229
 HIJ furuhon-ya second- uridashi year-end sale
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
hand bookshop/bookstore ÅÆÇ ochugen mid-
KL kutsu-ya shoe shop summer presents
MNO miyage-ten ÈÉÊËÌÍÎ
souvenir shop esukareta escalator
PQRSTUV ÏÐÑÒ …-kai floor
spotsu-yohin-ten sports ÓÔ okjo roof
shop
WXYZ bumbogu-ya
stationery shop Streets and
[\]^ supa supermarket Roads
_`abcd omocha-
uriba toy department ÕÖ rosen lane
efghi omocha-ya ×Ø doro road
toy shop ÙÚÛÜ kansen-doro
jklmn arterial road, trunk road
ryokodairi-ten travel agency ÝÞßà kosoku-doro
opqr ryokogaisha motorway, highway
travel agency áâãäå oikoshi-sen
stuv shitagi-uriba lane for overtaking
underwear department æç hiroba square
wxyz{|}~¡
¢£¤ ote o furenaide
kudasai please do not touch
Taxis
¥¦§¨ bagen bargains èéêë takushi taxi
©ª«¬­ ouridashi ìíîïðñ kojin-
bargains, sale takushi mini-cab
®¯° seru sale òóôõö÷
±²³´µ¶ takushi-noriba taxi rank
seru-jis·shi-chu sale now on øù kusha for hire, free
¸¹º» !"#$%&
tokubetsu-kakaku special ryokin-meta fare meter
price '()*+,-.
¼½¾ oseibo year-end gifts yakan-warimashi-ryokin late-
¿ÀÁÂÃÄ saimatsu- night fare

230
/0 kaiso out of service toilet, men’s room

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

1234 jido-doa ijk fujin-yo ladies’
automatic door toilet, ladies’ room
l otoko men
m onna women
Timetables nop shiyo-chu
567 jikokhyo timetable, occupied, engaged
schedule q aki vacant
89 tochak arrival
:; shup·pats departure
<= has·sha departure
Train Types
>? homen direction rs densha train
@AB ikisaki destination tu res·sha train
CD noriba boarding vwx shinkansen bullet
platform/track train
EFGHI … iki bound yz kyuko express
for … {|} hikari fastest bullet
JK keiyu via train
LMNO … sen … line ~¡ futsu local slow train
stopping at all stations
¢£ junkyu semi-express
Toilets ¤¥¦ kodama slower
PQRS koshu benjo bullet train
public toilet §¨©ª tokbets-kyuko
TUV keshoshits toilet, super express with limited
rest room stops only
WXYZ otearai toilet(s), «¬ tok·kyu super express
rest room(s) with limited stops only
[\] toire toilet, rest room ­®¯°± gurin-sha
^_ benjo toilet, rest room green car (first class)
`ab danshi-yo gents’
toilet, men’s room
cde joshi-yo ladies’
toilet, ladies’ room
fgh shinshi-yo gents’

231
 )* kodomo child
Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices
Train and
+, dantai group
Underground -. kojin individual
Travel /01 kaisats-guchi ticket
barrier
²³ tetsdo railway, railroad 234 nyujoken platform
´µ shitets private railway ticket
¶ eki station 567 hom platform, (US)
¸¹º» …-ken … ticket track
¼½ kip·p ticket 89:;< …-bansen
¾¿À kaisuken book of platform …, (US) track …
tickets => zaseki seat
ÁÂÃ teiki-ken season ? seki seat
ticket @A yuko valid
ÄÅÆ maeuri-ken advance BC muko not valid
sale tickets DEFGHIJK
ÇÈ yoyak reservations …-en-kukan-yuki for
ÉÊËÌÍÎ shiteiseki destinations within the …-
(-ken) reserved seat (ticket) yen zone (eg 200-yen zone)
ÏÐÑ jiyuseki unreserved LMNOPQ gesha-
seat zento-muko after alighting,
ÒÓÔÕ kip·p-uriba ticket not valid for further travel
office; ticket vending machine RSTUVWXY
Ö× madoguchi ticket hatsbai-tojits-kagiri-yuko
window valid only on day of
ØÙÚ shus·sats-guchi purchase
ticket window Z[\ seisanjo excess fare
ÛÜÝÞßà midori no office
madoguchi first-class ticket ]^ tochak arrival(s)
window _` has·sha departure(s)
!"# ryokinhyo table of ab shup·pats departure(s)
charges cdefg norikae-guchi
$%& unchinhyo table of this way for changing trains
fares hi shasho conductor
'( otona adult jklmn …-go-sha

232
carriage …

Japanese ➜ English: Signs and Notices

Youth Hostels
opq shokdo-sha dining
car ÊËÌÍÎÏÐ
rs man·in full yus-hosteru youth hostel
tu kaiso out of service ÑÒ daidokoro kitchen
vw nimots luggage, baggage ÓÔÕÖ kit·chin kitchen
xyz{|}~ koin- ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ
rok·ka coin-operated locker koin-randori launderette,
¡¢£¤¥¦ laundromat
ichiji-azkari-jo left
luggage ßà baiten shop
office, baggage checkroom áâãä shawa shower
§¨©ª«¬ ishitsbuts-
toriatskai-jo lostproperty
office, lost and found
­®¯° owasure-mono
lost property, lost and found
±²³ machiai-shits
waiting room
´µ chizu map
¶¸¹º hidarigawa-tsuko
keep to the left
»¼½¾ migigawa-tsuko
keep to the right
¿À higashi-guchi east exit
(or entrance)
ÁÂ kita-guchi north exit
(or entrance)
ÃÄ minami-guchi south
exit (or entrance)
ÅÆ nishi-guchi west exit
(or entrance)
ÇÈÉ chikatets
underground, (US) subway

233
 Menu
Reader:
Food
Contents

Menu Reader: Food

Essential Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Basic Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Basic Preparation and Cooking Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Basic Set Meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Bean Curd Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Beef and Beef Dishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Biscuits, Cakes, Crackers and Sweets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Chicken, Poultry etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Chinese Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Condiments, Herbs, Spices and Pickles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Desserts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Eggs and Egg Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Fish Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Fruit, Nuts and Seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

ABCDEFGHIJKL
Lunch Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Meat and Meat Dishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Menu Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Noodles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Pork and Pork Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Rice and Rice Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Salads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Soups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Starters and Appetizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Sushi Dishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Vegetables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

237
Menu Reader: Food
Essential Terms
bowl chawan !"
chopsticks hashi #$
cup kap·p %&'
dessert dezato ()*+
fork fok ,-./
fried rice chahan 01234
glass kop·p 567
knife naif 89:
menu menyu ;<=>
noodles menrui ?@A
plate sara BC
rice (boiled) gohan DEF
soup sup GHI
soy sauce shoyu JKLM
spoon spun NOPQ
table teburu RSTU

excuse me!
chot·to sumimasen!
VWXYZ[\]^_

could I have the bill, please?

okanjo o onegai shimas
`abcdefghi

238
 Menu Reader: Food
Basic Foods Basic Set Meals
jk pan bread 12 teishoku set meal
lmn bata butter with rice, soup, pickles and
op miso fermented main dish of meat or fish
soybean paste 34567 higawari-
qrstu kechap·pu teishoku set meal of the day
ketchup 89:;<= tempura-
v abura oil teishoku setmeal with
wxyz kosho pepper deep-fried prawns
{| shio salt >?@AB unagi-
}~¡¢ shoyu soy sauce teishoku set meal with eel
£¤¥ sato sugar CDEF yakizakana-
teishoku set meal with fried
Basic fish
Preparation and GHIJ yakiniku-
teishoku setmeal with
Cooking Methods
grilled meat

ABCDEFGHIJKL
¦§¨©ª«¬­ KLMNOP tonkatsu-
babekyu shita barbecued teishoku set meal with pork
®¯° yudeta boiled QRST sashimi-
±²³´µ donabe de teishoku set meal with raw
nita casseroled fish
¶¸ nita cooked
¹º» ageta deep-fried
¼½¾ hoshita dried
Bean Curd Dishes
¿ÀÁ yaita grilled UV tofu bean curd
ÂÃÄ tsuketa pickled WXY abura-age deep-
ÅÆÇÈÉÊ rosto fried bean curd
shita roast Z[ dengaku grilled
!"# mushita steamed bean curd on a wooden
$%&' nikonda stewed skewer
()* itameta stir-fried
+,-./0
tsumemono shita stuffed

239
Menu Reader: Food
Beef and Beef Biscuits, Cakes,
Dishes Crackers and
\] gyuniku beef
Sweets
^_` bifu beef ³´µ¶¸ bisuket·to
abcd sukiyaki beef and biscuits, cookies
vegetables cooked with soy ¹º»¼ kuk·ki biscuits,
sauce in a pot at the table cookies
efgh tep·pan·yaki ½¾¿ keki cake
beef and vegetables grilled ÀÁÂÃ wata-ame
at the table candy floss, cotton candy
ijklmno ÄÅÆÇÈÉ chizu-keki
gyushogayaki beef cooked cheesecake
in soy sauce with ginger !"#$%& chokoreto
pqrst gyuteriyaki chocolate
beef cooked in soy sauce '() okashi
and sake confectionery
uvwx bifuteki beef *+,-./0
steak shukurimu cream puff
yz yakiniku fried beef 12345 donat·tsu
marinated in soy sauce doughnut
{|}~¡¢£ rosto- 6789 ekurea éclair
bifu roast beef :;< wagashi Japanese-
¤¥¦§¨ saroin sirloin style confectionery
©ª«¬­® =>? okoshi popped
shabushabu sliced beef with rice confectionery
vegetables boiled at the @ABC zenzai rice
table cake with sweet bean
¯°±² steki steak sauce
DE mochi rice cakes
FGHIJ shio-sembei
rice crackers flavoured with
salt
KLMN sembei rice
crackers flavoured with soy

240
sauce ¬­®

Menu Reader: Food

shchimencho
OPQRS manju rice- turkey
flour cakes with sweet bean
paste
TUVW yokan soft,
Chinese Food
sweet bean paste ¯°±² Chuka-ryori
XYZ[\]^ shoto- Chinese-style cuisine
keki spongecake with fresh ³´µ¶ mabodofu bean
cream and strawberries curd in spicy sauce
_`ab kasutera sponge ¸¹º kanitama crab
cake omelette
cdef oshiruko sweet »¼½¾ kara-age deep-
bean soup with rice cake fried pieces of pork or
ghij kuzumochi chicken
triangles of arrowroot ¿ÀÁÂ harumaki deep-
jelly in brown sugar fried spring rolls
syrup ÃÄÅÆ gyoza fried
klm monaka wafers dumplings stuffed with

ABCDEFGHIJKL
filled with sweet bean paste minced pork
ÇÈÉ hap·posai fried
pork with vegetables
Chicken, Poultry !"#$% chahan fried
etc rice
no toriniku chicken &'() yasai-itame
pqr tori-ryori poultry fried vegetables
dishes *+, nikudango
stuv yakitori meatballs
barbecued chicken on a -./0 yakisoba
skewer noodles fried in a wok
wxy sasami breast 1234 ramen noodles
z{|} gacho goose in bouillon
~¡ kiji pheasant 56789:;<
¢£¤ uzura quail chashumen noodles in
¥¦§¨©ª« rosto- bouillon with slices of
chikin roast chicken pork

241
 =>?@AB rstuvw
Menu Reader: Food
miso-
ramen noodles in bouillon dores·shingu salad dressing
with fermented soybean xy shio salt
paste !"#$ shoyu soy sauce
CDEF tam·men noodles %&'()*+
in bouillon with vegetables tonkatsu-sosu thick sweet
GHIJKL fruity sauce
wantam·men pork , su vinegar
dumplings, served in -./0 taku·an yellow
bouillon with noodles radish pickles
MNOPQ shumai
steamed pork meatballs in
thin pastry
Desserts
RST subuta sweet and 1234 dezato desserts
sour pork 56789: ap·puru-
pai apple pie
;<=>?@ABC
Condiments, DEFG chokoreto-aisu-
Herbs, Spices kurimu chocolate ice cream
and Pickles HIJKLMNOP
chokoreto-musu chocolate
UVW umeboshi dried, mousse
pickled sour Japanese QRSTUVWXY
plums Z chokoreto-sande
XY nat·to fermented chocolate sundae
soybeans [\]^_`a kohi-
Z[\] shoga ginger zeri coffee-flavoured jelly
^_` mitsuba Japanese bcde kurepu crepe
coriander fgh uji-gori crushed ice
ab shiso Japanese basil with green tea syrup
cdefg mayonezu ijkl uji-kintoki
mayonnaise crushed ice with green tea
hij karashi mustard syrup and sweet bean paste
klm paseri parsley mnop kori-remon
nopq kosho pepper crushed ice with lemon

242
syrup kurimu strawberry ice cream

Menu Reader: Food

qrst kori-meron ./0123456
crushed ice with melon 7 storoberi-sande
syrup strawberry sundae
uvwx kori-ichigo 89: purin caramel
crushed ice with custard
strawberry syrup ;<=>?@ABC
yz{| kori-azki D banira-aisu-kurimu
crushed ice with sweet vanilla ice cream
bean paste EFGHI yoguruto
}~¡¢£¤¥ frutsu- yoghurt
sarada fruit cocktail, fruit
salad
¦§¨©ª«¬ frutsu-
Eggs and Egg
zeri fruit jelly Dishes
­®¯° mitsumame
gelatin cubes and sweet J tamago egg
bean paste with pieces of KLM kanitama crab

ABCDEFGHIJKL
fruit omelette
±²³´ am·mitsu NOPQR medama-yaki
gelatin cubes with sweet fried egg
bean paste and pieces of STUVW yude-tamago
fruit hard-boiled egg
µ¶¸¹º»¼ aisu- XYZ[ omuretsu
kurimu ice cream omelette
½¾¿ zeri jelly \]^_` tamago-yaki
ÀÁÂÃÄ remon-pai Japanese-style omelette
lemon pie abcde omuraisu
ÅÆÇÈÉÊ remon- omelette with rice
sufure lemon soufflé fghijk otoshi-
ËÌÍ musu mousse tamago poached egg
ÎÏÐÑÒÓ shabet·to lmno chawam·mushi
sorbet savoury custard with egg
!"#$%&'() and fish
*+,- storoberi-aisu- pqrst hanjuku-

243
 tamago soft-boiled egg 6789:
Menu Reader: Food
taraba-gani
uvwxyz tamago- king crab
supu soup with egg ;<=> dojo loach
{|}~¡ tamago-dofu ?@AB ise-ebi lobster
steamed egg CD saba mackerel
EFG chu-toro medium
fatty tuna
Fish HIJK anko
¢£¤ awabi abalone monkfish
¥¦ akagai ark shell LMNO muru-gai mussels
§¨ fugu blowfish PQ tako octopus
©ª« mirugai boiled RS kaki oyster
round clams TUV sam·ma Pacific
¬­® katsuo bonito, saury
tunny WXY kamasu pike,
¯° koi carp barracuda
±²³´ hamaguri clams Z[\]^ kuruma-ebi
µ¶ tara cod prawns
¸¹º tarako cod roe _`ab nijimasu
»¼½ anago conger eel rainbow trout
¾¿À shijimi corbicula cd sashimi raw fish
ÁÂ kani crab efgh tairagi razor
ÃÄÅÆ karasumi dried shell ligament
mullet roe ij sake salmon
ÇÈÉ unagi eel klm ikura salmon roe
ÊËÌ hirame flatfish nop iwashi sardines
!"#$ tobi-uo flying qrst tachi-uo
fish scabbard fish
%&'() kim·me-dai uvwx hotategai scallops
gold-eyed bream yz kai-bashira scallops
*+, nishin herring {|} suzuki sea bass
-./0 kazunoko ~¡ tai sea bream
herring roe ¢£ hamo sea eel
12 aji horse mackerel ¤¥ kisu sea smelt
345 kurage jellyfish ¦§ uni sea urchin

244
¨© same shark on rice in a bowl

Menu Reader: Food

ª«¬ asari short-necked NOPQR robata-yaki
clam charcoal-grilled fish and
­® ebi shrimps, prawns vegetables
¯°±² shishamo smelt STUVWX aji no
³´µ¶¸¹º» tataki chopped raw horse
sumoku-samon smoked mackerel, mild ginger and
salmon herbs
¼½ toro soft, fatty pink YZ[\ tempura deep-
belly of tuna fried seafood and
¾¿ÀÁ shita-birame vegetables
sole ]^_` takoyaki
ÃÄ ika squid dumplings with small
ÅÆ ayu sweet smelt pieces of octopus
!"# kajiki swordfish ab nabemono fish and
$%& sazae top-shell vegetables cooked in a pot
'() namako trepang at the table
*+ masu trout cde yosenabe fish and

ABCDEFGHIJKL
,-. maguro tuna vegetables cooked in a pot
/01 karei turbot at the table
2345 sup·pon turtle fg sashimi raw fish
67 fuka type of shark hi sushi raw fish on rice
89: kujira whale balls
;<= shirasu whitebait jklm fugu-sashi raw
>? buri yellowtail sliced blowfish
nop tek·kadon rice in a
bowl topped with slices of
Fish Dishes raw tuna
@ABC fugu-ryori qrst fugu-chiri
blowfish cuisine shredded blowfish in
DEFG kabayaki vegetable chowder
broiled eel uvw oden vegetables
HIJ unaju broiled eel and fish dumplings stewed
on rice in a thin soy soup, served
KLM unadon broiled eel hot

245
 ^_ goma sesame seeds
Menu Reader: Food
Fruit, Nuts and
`ab ichigo strawberries
Seeds cde mikan tangerine
xyz{ kudamono fruit fgh kurumi walnuts
|}~¡ frutsu fruit ijk suika watermelon
¢£¤¥¦ amondo
almonds
§¨© rin·go apple
Lunch Boxes
ª«¬ banana banana lm bento boxed lunch
­®¯°± sakurambo nopqr makunouchi-
cherries bento boxed lunch with
!" kuri chestnuts rice, meat and vegetables
#$%&' kokonat·tsu
coconut
()*+ ichijiku figs
Meat and Meat
,-./ gin·nan gingko Dishes (see also beef,
nuts chicken, poultry etc and pork)
01234567
grepu-frutsu grapefruit s niku meat
89: budo grapes tuvw bekon bacon
;< ume Japanese plum xyz{|} babekyu
=>? remon lemon barbecue
@AB meron melon ~¡¢£¤¥¦ roru-
CDEF orenji orange kyabetsu cabbage
rolls filled
GH momo peach with minced meat
IJKLM pinat·tsu §¨©ª abaraniku chops
peanuts «¬­® korok·ke
NO nashi pear croquettes
PQ kaki persimmon, ¯°±² katsuretsu
sharon fruit cutlets
RSTUVW ³´µ kushi-age deep-
painap·puru pineapple fried meat on skewers
XYZ sumomo plum ¶¸¹ hireniku fillet
[\] zakuro !" ham ham
pomegranate #$%&' hambagu

246
hamburger nopqrs

Menu Reader: Food

Fransu-
() jinzo kidney ryori French-style cuisine
*+ ramu lamb tuvw kudamono fruit
,-. reba liver xyz{|} Itaria-ryori
/01 nikudango meat- Italian-style cuisine
filled dumplings ~¡¢£ Nihon-ryori
234 hikiniku minced Japanese-style cuisine
beef, pork or chicken ¤¥¦§ kaiseki-ryori
567 maton mutton Japanese haute cuisine
89: honetsuki on the ¨©ª«¬­ mein-
bone kosu main course
;<=>? soseji ® niku meat
sausage ¯°±² kyodo-ryori
@ABCDEF ramu- regional specialities
no-kushiyaki skewered lamb ³´ teishoku set meal
GHIJK speyarib µ¶¸ supu soups
spare ribs ¹º»¼½ odoburu
LMNOP starters, appetizers

ABCDEFGHIJKL
chanko-nabe
thick meat and vegetable !" yasai vegetables
stew #$%& shojin-ryori
QR tan tongue vegetarian cuisine
ST motsu tripe '()* seiyo-ryori
UVW koushi-niku veal Western-style cuisine

Menu Terms Noodles

XYZ[ menyu menu +, soba buckwheat
\ nami cheaper selection noodles
]^_`abcd -./ udon thick
honjitsu no osusume-hin noodles made from
chef ’s speciality of the day wheatflour
efgh Chuka-ryori 0123 shirataki
Chinese-style cuisine translucent, thin noodles
ijkl dezato desserts made from potato flour
m jo expensive selection 4567 somen very

247
 thin wheatflour vermicelli
Menu Reader: Food
served cold with soy-sauce
dipping sauce
89:; yakisoba
Chinese noodles fried in a
wok
<=>? ramen Chinese
noodles in bouillon
@ABCDEFG
chashumen Chinese
noodles in bouillon with
slices of pork
HIJKLM miso-
ramen Chinese noodles in
bouillon with fermented
soybean paste
NOPQR champon
Chinese noodles in salted
bouillon with vegetables
STU ten-zaru cold
noodles served with deep-
fried shrimps
VWXY hiyashi-chuka
cold noodles with slices of
meat and vegetables in
vinegary sauce
Z[\]^_`a
zaru-soba/udon cold
noodles with sweet soy
sauce for dipping
bcde kakitama
noodles and egg in fish
soup
fghi gomoku-soba
noodles in bouillon with
vegetables and meat
jklmn kare-namban
noodles in curry-flavoured
soup with pork or beef
opqrs tororo-soba
noodles in fish bouillon
garnished with grated yam
tuvwxyz{
tsukimi-soba/udon noodles
in fish bouillon with a raw
egg
|}~ kamo-namban
noodles in fish bouillon
with chicken
¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©
kitsune-soba/udon noodles
in fish bouillon with deep-
fried bean curd
ª«¬­®¯ tempura-
soba noodles in fish
bouillon with deep-fried
shrimps
°±²³´µ¶¸¹
okame-soba/udon noodles
in fish bouillon with fish
dumplings
º»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ
nameko-soba/udon noodles
in fish bouillon with
Japanese small mushrooms
ÃÄÅ niku-namban
noodles in fish bouillon
with pork or beef
ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎ
tanuki-soba/udon noodles in

248
fish bouillon with small

Menu Reader: Food

Rice and Rice
pieces of deep-fried Dishes
batter
!"#$%&'() YZ[ gohan rice
* ankake-soba/udon \]^ raisu rice
noodles in thick bouillon _`a unaju broiled eel
with fish dumplings and on rice
vegetables bc dom·mono bowl of
rice with something on top
def oyakodon
Pork and Pork dom·mono with chicken
Dishes and egg
+, butaniku pork ghi katsudon
-./ poku pork dom·mono with deep-fried
0123 tonkatsu deep- breaded pork cutlet
fried pork cutlets jk tendon dom·mono
456 katsudon deep- with deep-fried shrimps
fried pork on rice lm

ABCDEFGHIJKL
tamagodon
789:; honetsuki- dom·mono with soft
butaniku pork chop scrambled eggs and onions
<=>?@AB buta- nop unadon
shogayaki pork cooked in dom·mono with broiled eel
soy sauce with ginger qrs chukadon
CDEFG katsukare dom·mono with pork and
pork cutlets with curry vegetables
HIJKL buta-teriyaki tu gyudon dom·mono
pork cooked in soy sauce with sliced beef
and sake vwxyz chahan fried
MNOPQRS rosto- rice
poku roast pork {|}~ onigiri riceballs
TUVWX batayaki ¡¢ mochi rice cakes
sliced pork (or beef) fried £¤¥¦ ochazuke rice
in butter in tea or fish bouillon
§¨ kamameshi rice
steamed in fish bouillon

249
 with pieces of meat, fish GHIJKL
Menu Reader: Food
hambaga
and vegetables hamburger
©ª«¬­® chikin-rais MNOPQ hamusando
rice with chicken, cooked ham sandwich
in tomato sauce RSTUVW
¯°±²³´ karerais hot·todog·gu hotdog
rice with curry-flavoured XYZ[\] tomorokoshi
stew roasted corn on the cob
µ¶¸¹º omurais rice ^_`abc sandoit·chi
wrapped in a plain sandwich
omelette defghi spaget·ti
»¼½¾¿À hayashi- spaghetti
rais diced beef in gravy on jklm tosto toast
rice nopqr tsunasando
tuna sandwich
Salads
ÁÂÃ sarada salad
Soups
ÄÅÆ nama-yasai salad stu supu soups (usually
!"#$%&' Western-style)
mik·kus-sarada mixed salad vw shirumono soups
()*+,- poteto- (Japanese-style)
sarada potato salad xy suimono clear fish
./0123 bouillon with meat, fish or
dores·shingu salad dressing vegetable
z{|} sumashi-jiru
clear fish bouillon with
Snacks meat, fish or vegetable
456789: chizu- ~¡¢£¤¥¦
baga cheeseburger konsome-supu consommé
;<=>?@ poteto- §¨©ª«¬­®¯
frai chips, French fries ° yasai no kurimu-supu
ABCDEF poteto- cream of vegetable soup
chipu crisps, (US) potato ±²³´µ¶¸¹
chips º»¼ onion-guratan-

250
 onion soup au gratin QRSTUVW

Menu Reader: Food

supu
½¾¿ misoshiru soup mashrumu mushrooms
with bean paste XY kaki oysters
ÀÁÂÃÄ potaju thick Z[\]^ kuruma-ebi
soup prawns
ÅÆÇÈÉÊ tomato- _`a sakana no tamago
supu tomato soup roe
ËÌ soba buckwheat bcd sarada salad
noodles in bouillon efg sarami salami
ÍÎÏ udon thick hi sake salmon
noodles made from jklmn soseji
wheatflour in bouillon sausage
ÐÑÒÓ ramen Chinese opq ko-ebi shrimps
noodles in bouillon rst maguro tuna

Starters and Sushi Dishes

Appetizers uv sushi raw fish on

ABCDEFGHIJKL
riceballs
!"#$% odoburu wxyz nigiri-zushi raw
starters, appetizers fish on seasoned riceballs
&'() otsumami Jap- {|}~ gomoku-zushi
anese-style starter/appetizer mixed fish and vegetables
*+,-./ on rice
asuparagasu asparagus ¡¢£¤¥ chirashi-
0123 kyabia caviar zushi mixed raw fish on
456 serori celery rice
789: hamaguri clams ¦§¨© oshi-zushi sushi
;< kani crab cut in squares
=>?@ABCD ª«¬­ saba-zushi sushi
frutsu-jusu fruit juice with vinegared mackerel
EF ham ham ®¯°±² kap·pa-maki
GHI nishin herring cucumber and seasoned
JKLM ise-ebi lobster rice wrapped in seaweed
NOP meron melon ³´µ¶¸ oshinko-maki

251
 pickles and seasoned rice soy sauce, sugar and sesame
Menu Reader: Food
wrapped in seaweed oil
¹º»¼ chakin-zushi >? mame beans
seasoned rice wrapped in @AB moyashi bean
egg crepe sprouts
½¾¿ÀÁ inari-zushi CDE bitsu beet
seasoned rice wrapped in FGHI tensai beetroot
deep-fried bean curd JKLM edamame
ÂÃÄÅ norimaki sliced boiled green soybeans
roll of rice, vegetables or NOPQ ohitashi boiled
cooked gourd wrapped in spinach with seasoning
seaweed RSTU soramame
ÆÇÈÉ tek·ka-maki broad beans
tuna and seasoned rice VWXYZ burok·kori
wrapped in seaweed broccoli
ÊËÌ wasabi very spicy [\] shimeji brown
horseradish served with button mushrooms
sushi ^_`ab mekyabetsu
Brussels sprouts
cde gobo burdock root
Vegetables fghi kyabetsu
!" yasai vegetables cabbage
#$% azuki adzuki beans jklm ninjin carrot
&'()*+ nopqrs karifrawa
asuparagasu asparagus cauliflower
,- nasu aubergine, tuv serori celery
eggplant wxyz{ puchi-tomato
./01 abokado cherry tomatoes
avocado |}~ chikori chicory
2345 yaki-imo baked ¡¢ hakusai Chinese
yam cabbage
6789 takenoko £¤ shun·giku chrysanth-
bamboo shoots emum greens
:;<= shinachiku ¥¦§¨©ª
bamboo shoots cooked in tomorokoshi corn on the

252
cob OPQ retasu lettuce

Menu Reader: Food

«¬­®¯ zuk·kini RSTU renkon lotus
courgette, zucchini root
°±²³ kyuri cucumber VWXY kabocha
´µ¶¸¹ kampyo pumpkin, squash
dried gourd shavings Z[\]^_` mash-
º»¼½ shitake dried rumu mushrooms (Western)
mushrooms abc kinoko mushrooms
¾¿ nori dried seaweed (general term)
ÀÁÂ nameko edible defg karashina
fungus mustard greens
ÃÄÅÆ kikurage edible hij okura okra
tree fungus klmn tamanegi onion
!"#$%& endibu opqrst
endive endomame peas
'()* kimpira fried uvw poteto potato
burdock root and carrot xyz{| jagaimo
+,-. nin·niku garlic potato

ABCDEFGHIJKL
/012 shishito green }~¡¢£¤¥
chilli pepper hatsuka-daikon radish
3456 piman green ¦§¨ hijiki seaweed
pepper cooked in soy sauce and
789:;< saya- sugar
ingen haricot beans ©ª goma sesame seeds
=>? wasabi Japanese «¬­ daizu soybeans
green horseradish ®¯°±²³ horenso
@ABC matsutake spinach
Japanese mushrooms, with ´µ nira spring onions
a distinctive aromatic ¶¸¹ wakegi spring
flavour onions
DEFGHI º»¼ kon sweetcorn
ingem·mame kidney beans ½¾¿ÀÁ satsumaimo
JKL komatsuna leafy sweet potato
cabbage ÂÃÄÅ satoimo taro
MN negi leeks potato

253
 ÆÇÈ tomato tomato
Menu Reader: Food
ÉÊ kabu turnip
!"# wakame type of
seaweed
$%& kombu type of
seaweed
'()* kureson
watercress
+, fuki wild butterbur
(green vegetable stalk)
-./0 yamaimo yam
12345 enokidake
yellow button mushrooms

254
 Menu
Reader:
Drink
Contents

Menu Reader: Drink

Essential Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Beer, Spirits,Wine etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Coffee,Tea etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Soft Drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

ABCDEFGHIJKL

257
Menu Reader: Drink
Essential Terms
beer biru 678
bottle bin 9:
coffee kohi ;<=>
cup kap·pu ?@A
glass kop·pu BCD
milk miruku EFG
mineral water mineraru-uota HIJKLMNOP
orange juice orenji-jusu QRSTUVWX
red wine aka-wain YZ[\
rice wine sake ]
soft drink sofuto-dorinku ^_`abcd
sugar sato efg
tea kocha hi
(green) ocha jk
water mizu l
white wine shiro-wain mnop
wine wain qrs
whisky uiski tuvwx

a cup of …, please
… o hitotsu kudasai
yz{|}~¡¢£

another beer, please

biru o mo hitotsu onegai shimasu
¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬­®¯°±²

a glass of sake
sake o ip·pai
³´µ¶

258
 rok·ku scotch on the rocks

Menu Reader: Drink

Beer, Spirits,
Wine etc Z[\]^_`
spakuringu sparkling
¸¹º biru beer ab amakuchi sweet
»¼½¾¿À brandi cdefghijk
brandy toniku-uota tonic
ÁÂÃÄÅ shampen lmnop berumot·to
champagne vermouth
ÆÇÈÉÊ Nihonshu qr shochu very strong,
hiya chilled rice wine transparent, colourless spirit
!"#$ nama-biru stuv uok·ka vodka
draught beer wxyz{ uiski whisky
%& karakuchi dry |}~ mizuwari whisky
'( jin gin with water
)*+,-. jin-toniku ¡¢£¤ shiro-wain
gin and tonic white wine
/0123 jin-fizu gin ¥¦§ wain wine
fizz

ABCDEFGHIJKL
45678 Nihonshu
atsukan heated rice wine
Coffee, Tea etc
9:;<= rikyuru ¨©ª o-nomimono
liqueur beverages
>?@AB matini «¬­ gem·mai-cha
martini ban-cha tea with roasted
CDEFGH poto-wain rice
port ®¯ mat·cha bitter green
IJKL aka-wain red tea made of fine tea
wine powder
M sake rice wine °±²³´µ¶¸
NO jizake rice wine (local buraku-kohi black coffee
variety) ¹º kocha black tea,
PQ masuzake rice wine similar to English tea
served in wooden box cup »¼½¾¿ uron-cha
RS ramu rum Chinese tea
TUVWXY onza- ÀÁÂÃ kohi coffee

259
 ÄÅ ocha green tea hijklmno
Menu Reader: Drink
ÆÇÈ kokoa hot pqrs gurep-fruts-jus
chocolate grapefruit juice
!"#$%& ais-ti iced tuvwxyz{
tea gurep-jus grape juice
'()*+,- ais- |}~¡ soda-sui green,
kohi iced coffee sweet soda pop
./ ban-cha inexpensive ¢£¤ ohiya iced water
tea with large leaves ¥¦§¨© remonedo
012345 remon-ti lemonade
lemon tea ª«¬­®¯°±
67 sencha medium- remon-skash lemon squash
grade green tea ²³´µ¶¸¹ meron-
89: miruk milk jus melon juice
;<= osato sugar º»¼ miruk milk
>?@A hojicha tea ½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅ
made with roasted ban-cha mineraru-uota mineral water
leaves ÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍ
BCDEFG miruk-ti orenji-jus orange juice
tea with milk !"#$%&'()
HIJKLMN miruk- orenji-skash orange squash
kohi white coffee, coffee *+, Pepusi Pepsi®
with milk -./0123 pain-
jus pineapple juice
4567 saida soda pop
Soft Drinks 89:;< ichigo-
OPQRSTU rin·go- gyunyu strawberry milk
jus apple juice =>?@ABC
VWXYZ[ kohi- tomato-jus tomato juice
gyunyu coffee-flavoured DE mizu water
milk FG korimizu water with
\]^_` koka-kora ice
Coke®
abc kora cola
defg fanta Fanta®

260
 How the
Language
Works
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Pronunciation
Throughout this book, Japanese words have been transliter-
ated into romanized form so that they can be read as though
they were English, bearing in mind the notes on pronunci-
ation given below.
a as in rather
e as in bed; e is always pronounced, even at the end of a word
i like the ee in feet, but slightly shorter
o as in not
u as in put
ae separate a followed by e, pronounced ah-eh
ai as in Thai
ei as in weight
ie separate ee followed by e, pronounced ee-eh
ue separate u followed by e, pronounced oo-eh
g hard g as in girl

■
s always as in mass (never z)
y as in yet
A bar over a vowel means that it is twice as long as a vowel

Pronunciation / Abbreviations
without a bar.
A dot (·) between two letters indicates a slight pause.
Note that ing in Japanese is pronounced more strongly than
in English.
In spoken Japanese the sounds u and i, in certain contexts, are
shortened and can become barely audible. In this book we show
u and i in italics to mean that their pronunciation is clipped. For
example, desu is pronounced as des.
Japanese is generally evenly stressed, with all syllables having
the same emphasis.

Abbreviations
f feminine pol polite
m masculine pl plural
ob. part. object particle sing singular
part. particle sub. part. subject particle

263
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
General
The Japanese language has a number of characteristics
which are very different from European languages, the most
important of these being that there are no changes for case,
number or gender and that verbs do not change according
to the person or number. Also, pronouns, both personal and
impersonal, are often omitted.
Another distinctive feature of Japanese is that small words
known as postpositional particles are used after a noun or
pronoun to indicate whether it is the subject, object or indi-
rect object of a sentence. See pages 269.

Articles
There is no equivalent in Japanese for either the definite
■

article ‘the’ or the indefinite articles ‘a’ and ‘an’. The exact
meaning of a word or phrase will be clear from the context.
General / Articles / Nouns

Therefore, zas·shi (magazine) can mean ‘a magazine’ or ‘the

magazine’.
If you want to be more precise, you can use the demonstra-
tive adjectives sono/ano (that) or kono (this) with the appro-
priate word (see page 282).
The number hitots (one) (see page 286) can also be used to
translate ‘a/an’, but generally this is not necessary:
biru hitots, onegai shimas
[‘beer one please’]
a beer, please

Nouns
Japanese nouns only have one form. Singular and plural
forms of nouns are the same and there are no distinctions for
gender (masculine/feminine/neuter).Therefore:

264
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
hon can mean ‘a book’, ‘the book’, ‘books’, ‘some books’
or ‘the books’
biru can mean: ‘a beer’, ‘the beer’, ‘beers’, ‘some beers’ or
‘the beers’
Usually, what you mean will be perfectly clear from the con-
text. Where necessary, you can be more specific by using
numbers (see Counting, page 286).
Although the form of the noun itself does not change,
grammatical particles placed after the noun indicate
whether it is the subject, object or indirect object of a sen-
tence:
watashi no fak·kusu wa todokimashita ka?
[‘I’ + possessive part. ‘fax’ + sub. part. + ‘arrived’ + question part.]
has my fax arrived yet?
fak·kusu o okurimashita ka?

■
[‘fax’ + ob. part. + ‘sent’ + question part.]
did you send the fax?

Nouns / Pronouns
Wa and o are known as postpositional particles (see page 273).
One interesting aspect of many nouns is that they can be
changed into verbs by just adding suru (to do) or shimas
(polite form of ‘to do’).Thus, dokusho is the Japanese word
for ‘reading’, and doksho suru is the equivalent of ‘to read’.

Pronouns
Generally, pronouns are omitted in Japanese whenever pos-
sible, but occasionally it might be necessary to use them for
emphasis or to avoid misunderstanding. It should be remem-
bered that, on the whole, use of pronouns does not show
respect and should be avoided, especially when addressing
one’s superiors. If it does become necessary to use a person-
al pronoun, the words listed in the sections that follow can
be used.

265
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Personal Pronouns
watashi I
bok I (m, fam)
watakshi I (pol)
anata you (sing)
kimi you (sing, fam, to a subordinate)
kare he
kanojo she
watashitachi we
anatatachi you (pl)
kimitachi you (pl, fam, to subordinates)
karera they (m)
kanojotachi they (f)
sorera they (inanimate objects)
watashi wa Igiris-jin des
■

[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘English am’]

I’m English
Pronouns

The subject of the sentence above is followed by the subject

particle wa (see page 270).
Care should also be taken not to address Japanese using
anata, the direct translation of ‘you’.The best way to say, for
example, ‘where are you going?’ in Japanese, is to use the
person’s name plus -san, instead of the word for ‘you’.
Another acceptable way to say this is to omit both ‘you’ and
the name in Japanese.
Eigo o hanasemas ka?
[‘English’ + ob. part. + ‘speak can’ + question part.]
do you speak English?
Nakada-san wa Frans-go o hanasemas ka?
[‘surname Mr’ + sub. part. + ‘French’ + ob. part. + ‘speak’ + question part.]
Mr Nakada, do you speak French?

266
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
The form of the pronoun does not change, but there is a
change in the postpositional particle that is placed after the
pronoun; for direct object pronouns, use o instead of wa:
watashi o me
bok o me (m, fam)
watakshi o me (pol)
anata o you (sing)
kimi o you (sing, fam, to a subordinate)
kare o him
kanojo o her
watashitachi o us
anatatachi o you (pl)
kimitachi o you (pl, fam, to subordinates)
karera o them (m)
kanojotachi o them (f)
sorera o them (inanimate objects)

■
kare o yonde kimasho

Pronouns
[‘he’ + ob. part. + ‘fetch’]
I’ll get him
‘It’
Japanese has no word that is equivalent to the English pro-
noun ‘it’;‘it’ will be understood in phrases like the following:
doko desu ka? toi desu ka?
[‘where is’ + question part.] [‘far is’ + question part.]
where is it? is it far?
ame ga fut·te imasu
[‘rain’ + sub. part. + ‘fall is’]
it’s raining
If you really need to emphasise ‘it’, you can use sore, but this
is a demonstrative pronoun rather than a personal pronoun,
and actually means ‘that’:

267
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
sore wa kare no kuruma des
[‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘he’ + possessive part. + ‘car is’]
it’s his car
Demonstrative Pronouns
kore this (one); these (ones)
sore that (one); those (ones) (nearby or just mentioned)
are that (one); those (ones) (further away)
kore wa watashi no des sore dewa nak, kore des
[‘this’ + sub. part. + ‘I of am’] [‘that as for not this is’]
this is mine not that one, this one
are wa takai des
[‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive is’]
that one is expensive
See Demonstrative Adjectives, page 282.
■

Possessives
Pronouns / Possessives

Possessive adjectives and pronouns are the same in Japanese.

To form the possessive, add the particle no to the pronoun:
watashi no my; mine
bok no my; mine (m, fam)
watakshi no my; mine (pol)
anata no your; yours (sing)
kimi no you (sing, fam, to a subordinate)
kare no his
kanojo no her; hers
watashitachi no our; ours
anatatachi no your; yours (pl)
kimitachi no you (pl, fam, to subordinates)
karera no their; theirs (m)
kanojotachi no their; theirs (f)
sorera no their; theirs (inanimate objects)

268
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
watashi no desu watashi no heya de
[‘I’ + possessive part. + ‘be’] [‘I’ + possessive part. + ‘room in’]
it’s mine in my room
The possessive is generally omitted if the meaning is clear
from the context:
handobag·gu o nakushimashita
[‘handbag’ + ob. part. + ‘lost’]
I’ve lost my handbag
In phrases like the one below, it’s more respectful to use the
possessive particle with the person’s name or job title:
shacho no kuruma
[‘director’ + possessive part. + ‘car’]
the director’s car
rather than:

■
kare no kuruma
[‘he’ + possessive part. + ‘car’]

Postpositional Particles
his car
even if the English phrase doesn’t use the name or title.

Postpositional Particles
Postpositional particles are small words that always follow
the word they relate to.They have two main functions:
a) They indicate whether a noun or pronoun is the sub-
ject, object or indirect object of a sentence.
b) They are the equivalent of certain English grammatical
elements, for example, prepositions (to, from, with etc),
constructions such as ‘and’,‘because’,‘also’, and they are
also used to indicate a question.
The following list shows the meanings of the various parti-
cles in brief; for further information and examples, see the
text that follows this list.
269
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
ga follows the subject of a sentence, emphasises the
subject
wa follows the subject of a sentence
o follows the object of a sentence
ni follows the indirect object of a sentence; or means
on, in, to, at (referring to time and location)
e to (indicates motion towards); towards; until
made to; up to; until; as far as
kara from; since
de by, by means of; with; at; on; in (referring to loca-
tion)
to with, accompanied by; and, that
mo too, also; even; both ... and; neither ... nor
no of; possessive
ka? question particle
ne? question tag: isn’t it?, haven’t we?, haven’t you? etc
■

Subject Particles
To indicate that a word is the subject of a sentence, the par-
Postpositional Particles

ticles ga or wa are used:

onaka ga sukimashita ka?
[‘stomach’ + sub. part. + ‘empty’ + question part.]
are you hungry?
The particle ga can indicate that the subject of the sentence
is more important than the text that follows. In English this
distinction can be achieved by tone of voice:
watashi ga ikimasu
[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘will go’]
I will go, it’s me who’s going (not anyone else)
watashi ga haraimasu
[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘pay’]
I’ll pay (nobody else has to pay)
If wa is used instead of ga, this gives less emphasis to the sub-
ject and more to the rest of the text:
270
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
watashi wa Amerika-jin desu watashi wa gakusei desu
[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘American am’] [‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘student am’]
I’m American I’m a student
Ga is often used if the verb is arimasu or imasu:
kyo wa sumo ga arimasu
[‘today’ + sub. part. + ‘sumo’ + sub. part. + ‘is’]
there’s a sumo match today
and wa is often used when the verb is des or a negative:
sore wa totemo omoshiroi desu
[‘that’ + sub. part. + ‘very interesting is’]
that’s very interesting
watashi wa Igirisu-jin desu
[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘English am’]
I’m English

■
watashi wa ikimasen

Postpositional Particles
[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘go’ + negative]
I’m not going
kono hon wa omoshiroku nai desu
[‘this book’ + sub. part. + ‘interesting not is’]
this book is not interesting
Object Particle
The object particle o is placed after the object of the verb:
yoyaku o shite arimasu
[‘reservation’ + ob. part. + ‘made’]
I have a reservation
Eigo o hanasemasu ka?
[‘English’ + ob. part. + ‘speak can’ + question part.]
can you speak English?

271
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Indirect Object Particle
The particle ni is used to indicate an indirect object:
sensei ni wain o agemashita
[‘teacher’ + ind. ob. part. + ‘wine’ + ob. part. + ‘gave’]
I gave the teacher a bottle of wine
Other Particles
The particle e indicates motion towards something:
Kobe e ikimasu
[‘Kobe to go’]
I’m going to Kobe
The particle made means ‘to’, ‘up to’, ‘until’ or ‘as far as’:
kuko made, onegai shimasu
[‘airport to please’]
■

to the airport, please

... made nan-kiro arimasu ka?
Postpositional Particles

[‘... to how many kilometres is’ + question part.]

how many kilometres is it to ...?
Doyobi made
[‘Saturday until’]
until Saturday
The particle kara means ‘from’ or ‘since’:
Rondon kara Tokyo made senshu kara
[‘London from Tokyo to’] [‘last week since’]
from London to Tokyo since last week
The particle ni (as well as being the indirect object particle)
means ‘on’, ‘in’, ‘to’ or ‘at’, referring to time or location:
Doyobi ni
[‘Saturday on’]
on Saturday

272
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Hiruton hoteru ni tomat·te imasu
[‘Hilton Hotel at staying’]
I’m staying at the Hilton Hotel
Tokyo ni oba ga sunde imasu
[‘Tokyo in aunt’ + sub. part. + ‘lives’]
my aunt lives in Tokyo
The particle de can mean ‘by’, ‘by means of ’ or ‘with’:
kuruma de basu de
[‘car by’] [‘bus by’]
by car by bus
kurejit·to-kado de haraemasu ka?
[‘credit card by can pay’ + question part.]
can I pay by credit card?
de can also mean ‘at’, ‘on’ or ‘in’, referring to location:

■
ba de suwat·te imashita

Postpositional Particles
[‘bar at was sitting’]
he was sitting at the bar
depato no naka de aimasho
[‘department store of inside in meet let’s’]
I’ll see you in the department store
The particle to means ‘with’, ‘accompanying’:
haha to kaimono shimasu
[‘mother with shopping do’]
I go shopping with my mother
See page 284 for when to use to meaning ‘and’.
The particle mo can mean ‘too’, ‘also’ or ‘even’:
kimi mo heya ni itano ka? watashi mo
[‘you too room in were’ + question part.] me too
were you in the room too?

273
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
mo can also be used to translate ‘both ... and’ (in a positive
statement) and ‘neither ... nor’ (with a negative verb, see page
278):
biru mo sake mo nomimashita
[‘beer both sake and drank’]
I drank both beer and sake
biru mo sake mo nomimasen deshita
[‘beer both sake and not drank’]
I drank neither beer nor sake
The particle no means ‘of ’ or corresponds to the ’s or the
possessive in English:
ane no hon kurabu no memba
[‘sister of book’] [‘club of member’]
my sister’s book a member of the club
■

watashi no kuruma
[‘I of car’]
Postpositional Particles

my car
The particle ka is added to the end of a statement to change
it into a question:
kip·pu wa takai desu
[‘ticket’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive’]
the tickets are expensive
kip·pu wa takai desu ka?
[‘ticket’ + sub. part. + ‘expensive’ + question part.]
are the tickets expensive?
The particle ne is the equivalent of English tag questions like
‘isn’t it?’, ‘haven’t we?’ and so on:
Keiko-san, kore wa anata no desu ne?
[‘Keiko’ + polite form + ‘this’ + sub. part. + ‘you of is’ + question tag]
it’s yours, Keiko, isn’t it?

274
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
koko ni kita koto ga arimasu ne?
[‘here in that came’ + sub. part. ‘be’+ question tag]
we’ve been here, haven’t we?

Verbs
Unlike English verbs, Japanese verbs do not change their
form according to first, second, or third person subjects, sin-
gular or plural.Therefore, ikimasu means:
to go he/she/it goes
I go we go
you go they go
However, Japanese verbs do change their form according to
various other criteria, for example, the degree of politeness
required, the tense, or whether the verb indicates ‘wanting’

■
or ‘necessity’.
Polite Verb Forms

P o s t p o s i t i o n a l P a r t i c l e s / Ve r b s
The form of Japanese verbs is changed to indicate different
levels of politeness. As a general rule, longer verb forms
denote courtesy:
yomimasu to read
shimbun yomu ka? (basic form)
shimbun yomimasu ka? (polite)
shimbun yomaremasu ka? (very polite)
do you read the paper?
It is more straightforward for beginners in Japanese to stick
to the second form given above (yomimasu).This is the verb
form we have generally given in the English-Japanese section
of this book and it is polite enough for most situations.
Present Tense
To express the simple present, use the basic form of the verb
ending in -masu:
275
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
ikimasu to go swarimasu to sit down
I go I sit down
you go you sit down
he/she/it goes he/she/it sits down
we go we sit down
they go they sit down
To express a continuing action in the present (‘he is going’, ‘I
am walking’ etc), the -masu ending is removed from the verb
and replaced with -te or -de, and imasu is placed after the verb:
nani o yonde imasu ka?
[‘what’ + ob. part. + ‘reading’ + question part.]
what are you reading?
karera wa tabete imasu
[‘they’ + sub. part. + ‘eating’]
they are eating
■

kare wa tabako o sut·te imasu

[‘he’ + sub. part. + ‘cigarette’ + ob. part. + ‘inhale’]
Ve r b s

he is smoking
Past Tense
The ending -mashita indicates the past tense. Replace the
-masu ending of the verb with -mashita:
ikimasu to go mimasu to see; to watch
ikimashita I went mimashita I’ve seen
you went you’ve seen
he/she/it went he/she/it has seen
we went we have seen
they went they have seen
tsukimasu to arrive tabemasu to eat
kyo tsukimashita watashitachi wa mo tabemashita
[‘today arrived’] [‘we’ + sub. part. + ‘already have eaten’]
we arrived today we’ve already eaten

276
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Future Tense
There is no real future tense in Japanese; instead the present
tense is used to express the future:
mata ashita kimasu rainen Kyoto ni ikimasu
[‘again tomorrow come’] [‘next year Kyoto to go’]
I’ll come back tomorrow I’m going to Kyoto next year
Asking Permission
Asking permission to do something is indicated by the verb
ending -te followed by ... i desu ka? (literally: is it allowed?):
anata ni tegami o kaite i desu ka?
[‘you to letter’ + ob. part. + ‘write is is allowed’ + question part.]
can I write to you?
Indicating Necessity

■
Necessity is indicated by the verb ending -nakereba nari-
masen:

Ve r b s
ikimasu to go
mo ikanakereba narimasen
[‘already go must’]
I have to go now
kakimasu to write
tegami o kakanakereba narimasen
[‘letter’ + ob. part. + ‘write must’]
I have to write a letter
Indicating Wanting
Wanting to do something is indicated by the verb ending
-tai:
okurimasu to send
kore o Igirisu ni okuritai no desu ga
[‘this’ + ob. part. + ‘England to send want request please’]
I want to send this to England
277
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
karimasu to rent
kuruma o karitai no desu ga
[‘car’ + ob. part. + ‘buy want request please’]
I’d like to rent a car
Negatives
There is no simple equivalent to ‘not’ in Japanese. Instead the
form of the verb changes to indicate the negative. The
-masu ending changes to -masen and the -tai (wanting) end-
ing changes to -taku nai:
kono gak·ko e ikimasu
[‘this school to go’]
I go to this school
kono gak·ko e wa ikimasen
[‘this school to’ + sub. part. + ‘go’ negative]
■

I don’t go to this school

Igirisu ni ikitai desu
Ve r b s

[‘England to want go’ + polite ending]

I want to go to England
Igirisu ni ikitaku nai desu
[‘England to want go’ + negative + polite ending]
I don’t want to go to England
Japanese has no words like ‘nobody’, ‘no-one’, ‘never’,
‘none’,‘neither’,‘nor’,‘(not) any’; these must be expressed in
Japanese by a negative verb construction:
dare mo kimasen deshita
[‘somebody even come’ + negative]
nobody came
dare mo hakbutskan e ikitagarimasen
[‘somebody even museum to want to go’ + negative]
nobody wants to visit the museum

278
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Kobe niwa ichido mo it·ta koto ga arimasen
[‘Kobe to’ + sub. part. + ‘not once even that’ + sub. part. + negative]
I’ve never been to Kobe
mo hitots mo arimasen
[‘already one even exist’ + negative]
there’s none left
hoshik arimasen
[‘want’ + negative]
I don’t want any

Adjectives
Japanese ‘adjectives’ are a special category of words, many of
which behave in a way quite unlike their English counter-
parts. Many, indeed, are more like verbs since they have sep-

■
arate forms for present and past tenses and for positive and
negative use. For example, the adjective for ‘red’ akai really
means ‘is red’.

Ve r b s / A d j e v c t i v e s
There are two types of adjectives in Japanese.The first type
end in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui:
akai is red
oishi is delicious
omoshiroi is interesting
warui is bad
The final -i or -i indicates the present positive form of the
adjective, which is the basic form given in the English-
Japanese section of this book; to make the past positive form,
remove the -i or -i to obtain the stem and add -kat·ta:
present positive past positive
akai is red akakat·ta was red
oishi is delicious oishkat·ta was delicious
omoshiroi is interesting omoshirokat·ta was interesting
warui is bad warukat·ta was bad

279
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
These are all plain forms which generally would not be used
by themselves; to make them polite forms, add desu:
nimotsu wa omokat·ta desu
[‘luggage’ + sub. part. + ‘was heavy’ + polite ending]
the luggage was heavy
To form the present negative, remove -i or -i, and add -k nai;
for the past negative add -ku nakat·ta to the stem:
present negative past negative
akaku nai is not red akaku nakat·ta was not red
oishiku nai is not delicious oishiku nakat·ta was not
delicious
omoshiroku nai is not omoshiroku nakat·ta was
interesting not interesting
waruku nai is not bad waruku nakat·ta was not bad
To make the above polite forms (as used in speech), change
■

-ku nai to -ku arimasen:

kono suika wa amaku arimasen
Adjectives

[‘this watermelon’ + sub. part. + ‘sweet’ + negative]

this watermelon is not sweet
Adjectival Nouns
The second type of Japanese adjective is more like an
English adjective in that it does not change its ending and is
not a form of verb.This type of adjective does not end in -ai,
-i, -oi or -ui, but consists of a noun followed by na:
shizuka (na)
quiet
Adjectival nouns are used with the following to form the
present and past tenses (positive and negative):
positive present des
past deshta
negative present dewa arimasen
past dewa arimasen deshta

280
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
If the adjectival noun is followed by des, na can be omitted:
hoteru wa shizka des
[‘hotel’ + sub. part. + ‘quiet is’]
the hotel is quiet
kono hon wa tekito dewa arimasen
[‘this book’ + sub. part. + ‘suitable’ + negative]
this book is not suitable
chit·toma shimpai dewa arimasen deshta
[‘not at all worried’ + negative]
I wasn’t worried at all
Comparatives and Superlatives
To form the comparative, put mot·to (more) in front of the
adjective:

■
mot·to hayak mot·to omoshiroi
faster more interesting

Adjectives
To form the superlative, put ichi·ban (literally: number one)
or mot·tomo (most) in front of the adjective:
ichi·ban omoshiroi toshi
[‘most is interesting city’]
the most interesting city
mot·tomo takai hoteru
[‘most is expensive hotel’]
the most expensive hotel
To express ‘more ... than ...’, ‘...-er than’, use yori (than):
kono hoteru wa ryokan yori takai desu
[‘this hotel’ + sub. part. + ‘Japanese inn than expensive’]
this hotel is more expensive than a Japanese inn
densha wa basu yori hayai desu
[‘train’ + sub. part. + ‘bus than fast is’]
the train is faster than the bus
281
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
To express ‘as ... as ...’ use to onaji kurai (about the same as):
Rondon wa Nagano to onaji kurai samui desu
[‘London’ + sub. part. + ‘Nagano as cold as is’]
London is as cold as Nagano
To express ‘not as ... as ...’, use hodo ... nai:
Nippon wa Amerika hodo okiku nai desu
[‘Japan’ + sub. part. + ‘America not as big as is’]
Japan is not as big as America
Demonstrative Adjectives
There are three demonstrative adjectives: kono, sono and ano:
kono this; these
sono that; those (nearby or just mentioned)
ano that; those (further away)
■

kono densha this train

sono tomodachi that friend (of yours, that you mentioned)
ano basu that bus (over there)
Adjectives / Adverbs

Adverbs
To form an adverb from the first type of adjective (ending
in -ai, -i, -oi or -ui), change the final -i to -k:
hayai quick hayaku quickly
osoi slow osoku slowly
yasashi easy yasashiku easily
warui bad waruku badly
yasui cheap yask cheaply
To form the adverb from the second type of adjective (shown
with (na) in the English-Japanese section), change na to ni:
shizka na heya Keiko-san wa shizka ni hanashimas
[‘quiet room’] [‘Keiko’ + polite form + sub. part. + ‘quietly speaks’]
a quiet room Keiko speaks quietly
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 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Word Order
The normal word order in Japanese sentences is:
subject – object – verb
ane wa sushi o suki des ga, watashi wa suki dewa ari-
masen
[‘sister’ + sub. part. + ‘sushi’ + ob. part. + ‘like but I’ + sub. part. + ‘like not’]
my sister likes sushi but I don’t
Adjectives usually precede the noun they modify while par-
ticles and conjunctions follow the noun they refer to.

‘Yes’ and ‘No’

The words for ‘yes’ and ‘no’ are hai (or sometimes e) and ie
(or ie):

■
hai, onegai shimas ie kek·ko des
yes, please no thanks

W o r d O r d e r / ‘ Ye s ’ a n d ‘ N o ’
yomimashta ka? hai, yomimashta
have you read the paper? yes, I have
In general, however, it is possible to omit hai and ie and
answer simply by using the verb.
When the question is a negative one, however, hai and ie are
used in quite a different way to English. This is because hai
is used to confirm the statement, whether the answer is affir-
mative or negative:
anata wa Amerika-jin dewa arimasen ka?
[‘you’ + sub. part. + ‘American’ + negative + question part.]
aren’t you American?
hai, Igirisu-jin desu
[‘yes (I am not) English’]
no, I’m English

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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
This kind of negative question (as in English) implies the
speaker may be slightly surprised or incredulous or wants to
confirm something that they are almost sure of. If a positive
question were asked, with no prior assumptions, the answer
would be ie.
In the same way, when the question is a negative one, ie is
used to deny the sentence whether the answer is affirmative
or negative:
soba o tabemasen deshita ka?
[‘noodles’ + ob. part. + ‘eat did not’ + question part.]
didn’t you eat the noodles? (implying you should have)
ie, tabemashita
[‘no, did eat’]
yes, I did eat them
■

‘And’
There are different words for ‘and’ in Japanese. To is used
‘ Ye s ’ a n d ‘ N o ’ / ‘ A n d ’

with nouns and pronouns:

shio to kosho Tokyo to Rondon
salt and pepper Tokyo and London
kohi to sato o kaimashita
[‘coffee and sugar’ + ob. part. + ‘bought’]
I bought coffee and sugar
Soshite also means ‘and’; it is used with verbs, adjectives and
adverbs:
watashitachi wa onsen ni hairi soshite shokji o shimashta
[‘we’ + sub. part. + ‘hot spring in go and meal did’]
we had a bath in the hot spring and had a meal
kare wa hayak, soshite utskushik, ji o kakimas
[‘he’ + sub. part. + ‘fast and neatly characters’ + ob. part. + ‘writes’]
he writes both fast and neatly
Sorekara means ‘and then’:
284
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
terebi o mite, sorekara benkyo shimas
[‘television’ + ob. part. + ‘watched and then study’]
I’ll watch television and then I’ll study

Masculine and Feminine Forms of

Speech
In the past, there were many different levels of courtesy in
Japanese speech and special words and phrases were used, for
example, to praise one’s superiors, and to deprecate oneself.
As well as this, women’s speech was traditionally more polite
than men’s. Although the differences between male and
female speech patterns are now less pronounced than they
used to be, there are still many ways of speaking that are
exclusively used by either men or women. Men speak with
a more even tone of voice, whereas women speak in a more

■
lilting manner. Men and women use different pronouns and
interjections.Also, in informal speech, men tend to use yo or
zo at the end of sentences for emphasis, whereas women will

Masculine and Feminine Forms

use wa, for example:
bok wa Eigo ga hanaseru yo/zo! (said by a man)
[‘I’ + sub. part. + ‘English’ + ob. part. + ‘speak can emphasis’]
I can speak English!
watashi wa okoto ga hikeru wa! (said by a woman)
[‘I’ + sub. part. + polite prefix + ‘Japanese harp’ + ob. part. + ‘play can’ +
emphasis]
I can play the Japanese harp!
Women make more use of the polite prefix o- or go-, as in:
denwa/odenwa
(said by a man/woman)
(your) telephone
gokazoku wa ogenki desu ka?
[polite prefix + ‘family’ + sub. part. + polite prefix + ‘well’ + question part.]
are your family all well?
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HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Women also tend to use emotional interjections more than
men, such as ‘kawai’ (cute!) or ‘suteki!’ (marvellous!). To
express surprise when meeting somebody unexpectedly,
women tend to say ‘ma!’ or ‘ara!’, which are never used by
men, who tend to say ‘ya!’ or ‘o!’.

Counting
Japanese has two sets of numbers from one to ten:
set 1 set 2
1 ichi hitotsu
2 ni futatsu
3 san mit·tsu
4 yon/shi* yot·tsu
5 go itsutsu
6 roku mut·tsu
7 nana/shichi* nanatsu
■

8 hachi yat·tsu
9 kyu/ku* kokonotsu
Counting

10 ju to
The first set is used when referring to expressions of time,
quantities and measurements.They are used with the classi-
fiers on the opposite page or with count words such as
‘minute’, ‘yen’ etc:
go-fun ichijikan mae
five minutes an hour ago
gozen shichiji ni ju-en
at 7am 10 yen
* The alternative numerals in the first set above must be used
in the following time expressions:
yoji shichiji kuji
four o’clock seven o’clock nine o’clock
The second set of numbers is used for counting any other
things not mentioned above.The number is placed after the
286
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
object and is used without a count word (like ‘minute’) or a
classifier:
biru futats, onegai shimas
two beers, please
If you use the two sets of numbers in the way described
above, this will be acceptable, but a further method of
counting, using a counting word known as a classifier, is
more commonly used. Classifiers equate roughly to English
words like ‘glassful’,‘cupful’,‘bottle of ’,‘sheets of ’ etc. Nouns
or groups of nouns in Japanese have specific classifiers which
are used when they are counted or quantified.
The most common classifiers are:
-dai machines, cars, bikes, stereos
-hai glassfuls, cupfuls
-hiki animals

■
-hon pens, cigarettes, other cylindrical objects
-ko fruit, cakes, eggs and small chunky objects

Counting
-mai pieces of paper, tickets, other things that are thin
and flat
-nin people
-sats books
-tsu letters
kuruma ni-dai kip·p o sam-mai, kudasai
[‘car two’ + classifier] [‘ticket’ + ob. part. + ‘three’ + classifier + ‘please’]
two cars three tickets, please
Nihon·go no hon o go-satsu kaimashita
[‘Japanese of book’ + ob. part. + ‘five’ + classifier + ‘bought’]
I bought five Japanese books
majan wa yo-nin de shimasu
[‘mahjong’ + sub. part. + ‘four’ + classifier + ‘by do’]
mahjong is played by four people
There is only one set of numbers above ten. See pages 292-
293.

287
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Dates
The word order for dates is:
year – month – day
There are two common ways of counting years in Japanese.
The Western system is used thus:
sen-kyu-hyaku-kyu-ju-hachi-nen ni-sen-ichi-nen
[thousand-nine-hundreds-nine-tens-eight-year] [two-thousand-one-year]
1998 2001
There is also a traditional system of counting from the first
year of the current emperor’s reign. The Heisei period (of
Emperor Akihito) began in 1989:
Heisei ni-nen Heisei ju-nen
[Heisei two year] [Heisei ten year]
■

second year of Heisei (1990) tenth year of Heisei (1998)

Kugatsu tsuitachi Junigatsu futsuka
Dates

[nine-month (September) first] [twelve-month (December) second]

the first of September the second of December
ni-sen-ichi-nen Gogatsu san-ju-nichi
[two-thousand-one-year five-month (May) thirtieth]
the thirtieth of May 2001
Heisei ju-nen Rokgats ni-ju san-ichi
[Heise-ten-year six-month (June) twenty-third]
the twenty-third of June 1998
Dates are formed using the versions of the ordinal numbers
below:
1st tsuitachi )*
2nd futska +,
3rd mik·ka -.
4th yok·ka /0

288
 12

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

5th itska
6th muika 34
7th nanoka 56
8th yoka 78
9th kokonoka 9:
10th toka ;<
11th ju-ichi-nichi =>?
12th ju-ni-nichi @AB
13th ju-san-nichi CDE
14th ju-yok·ka FGH
15th ju-go-nichi IJK
16th ju-rok-nichi LMN
17th ju-shichi-nichi OPQ
18th ju-hachi-nichi RST
19th ju-ku-nichi UVW

■
20th hatska XYZ
21st ni-ju-ichi nichi [\]^

Dates
22nd ni-ju-ni-nichi _`ab
23rd ni-ju-san-nichi cdef
24th ni-ju-yok·ka ghij
25th ni-ju-go-nichi klmn
26th ni-ju-rok-nichi opqr
27th ni-ju-shichi-nichi stuv
28th ni-ju-hachi-nichi wxyz
29th ni-ju-ku-nichi {|}~
30th san-ju-nichi ¡¢£
31st san-ju-ichi-nichi ¤¥¦§
Japanese ordinals are written using the Chinese characters
(kanji) above if writing vertically; otherwise, when writing
left to right, Arabic numbers can be used instead.

289
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Days
Monday Getsuyobi ¨©ª
Tuesday Kayobi «¬°
Wednesday Suiyobi ®¯°
Thursday Moku·yobi ±²³
Friday Kin·yobi ´µ¶
Saturday Doyobi ¸¹º
Sunday Nichiyobi »¼½

Months
January Ichigatsu ¾¿
February Nigatsu ÀÁ
March San·gatsu ÂÃ
ÄÅ
■

April Shigatsu
May Gogatsu ÆÇ
ÈÉ
Days / Months / Time

June Rokgatsu
July Shichigatsu ÊË
August Hachigatsu ÌÍ
September Kugatsu ÎÏ
October Jugatsu ÐÑ
November Juichigatsu ÒÓÔ
December Junigatsu ÕÖ×

Time
what time is it? ima nanji desu ka? ØÙÚÛÜÝÞ
it’s one o’clock ichiji desu ßàáâ
it’s two o’clock niji desu äåæç
at one o’clock ichiji ni !"#
at two o’clock niji ni $%&
five past one ichiji go-fun '()*

290
ten past one ichiji jup·pun +,-.

HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS

quarter past one ichiji ju-go-fun /0123
quarter past two niji ju-go-fun 45678
half past one ichiji-han 9:;
half past two niji-han <=>
quarter to one ichiji ju-go-fun mae ?@ABCD
quarter to two niji ju-go-fun mae EFGHIJ
twenty to one ichiji nijup·pun mae KLMNOP
ten to two niji jup·pun mae QRSTU
am gozen VW
pm gogo XY
at 1am gozen ichiji ni Z[\]^
at 1pm gogo ichiji ni _`abc
13.00 ju-sanji def
14.00 ju-yoji ghi

■
18.30 ju-hachiji sanjup·pun jklmno
noon shogo pq

Time
midnight mayonaka rst
hour jikan uv
minute fun w
one minute ip·pun xy
two minutes ni-fun z{
second byo |
quarter of an hour ju-go-fun }~¡
half an hour san-jup·pun ¢£¤
three quarters of an hour yon-ju-go-fun ¥¦§¨
Minutes are expressed by adding -fun (minute) to the num-
bers below. This sometimes changes to -pun depending on
the preceding sound:
ni-fun go-fun jup·pun
two minutes five minutes ten minutes

291
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Numbers
See Counting pages 286.
0 zero ©ª 70 shichi-ju Þß
1 ichi « 80 hachi-ju àá
2 ni ¬ 90 kyu-ju âã
3 san ­ 100 hyak ä
4 shi ® 101 hyak-ichi åæ
5 go ¯ 102 hyak-ni çè
6 rok ° 200 ni-hyak éê
7 shichi ± 1,000 sen ë
8 hachi ² 2,000 ni-sen ìí
9 kyu ³ 3,000 san-zen îï
10 ju ´ 4,000 yon-sen ðñ
11 ju-ichi µ¶ 5,000 go-sen Úñ
■

12 ju-ni ¸¹ 10,000* ichi-man %&

13 ju-san º» 20,000 ni-man '(
Numbers

14 ju-shi ¼½ 1,000,000
15 ju-go ¾¿ hyaku-man )*
16 ju-rok ÀÁ 10,000,000
17 ju-shichi ÂÃ is·sem·man +,-
18 ju-hachi ÄÅ 100,000,000
19 ju-kyu ÆÇ ichi-oku ./
20 ni-ju ÈÉ *For 10,000 and above, use
21 ni-ju-ichi ÊËÌ man instead of sen.
22 ni-ju-ni ÍÎÏ
Japanese numbers are writ-
30 san-ju ÐÑ ten using the Chinese char-
31 san-ju-ichi ÒÓÔ acters (kanji) above if writ-
32 san-ju-ni ÕÖ× ing vertically; otherwise,
40 yon-ju ØÙ when writing left to right,
50 go-ju ÚÛ Arabic numbers can be used
60 rok-ju ÜÝ instead.

292
 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Ordinals
In Japanese, the words used for the dates (1st of March etc)
and the ordinals in English sense (for example, ‘third chair
from the window’) are different. The English ordinals can
usually be translated by adding -bam·me to numbers.
1st ichi-bam·me 012
2nd ni-bam·me 345
3rd san-bam·me 678
4th yon-bam·me 9:;
5th go-bam·me <=>
6th rok-bam·me ?@A
7th nana-bam·me BCD
8th hachi-bam·me EFG
9th kyu-bam·me HIJ
10th jyu-bam·me KLM

■
See pages 288-289 for the set of ordinals used to form dates.

Numbers

293
HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS
Conversion Tables
1 centimetre = 0.39 inches 1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 metre = 39.37 inches = 1.09 yards 1 foot = 30.48 cm
1 kilometre = 0.62 miles = 5/8 mile 1 yard = 0.91 m
1 mile = 1.61 km
km 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 100
miles 0.6 1.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 6.2 12.4 18.6 24.8 31.0 62.1

miles 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 100
km 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 16.1 32.2 48.3 64.4 80.5 161

1 gram = 0.035 ounces 1 kilo = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds

g 100 250 500 1 oz = 28.35 g
oz 3.5 8.75 17.5 1 lb = 0.45 kg
■

kg 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
lb 1.1 2.2 4.4 6.6 8.8 11.0 13.2 15.4 17.6 19.8 22.0
C o n v e r s i o n Ta b l e s

kg 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
lb 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220

lb 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20
kg 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1 4.5 9.0

1 litre = 1.75 UK pints / 2.13 US pints

1 UK pint = 0.57 l 1 UK gallon = 4.55 l
1 US pint = 0.47 l 1 US gallon = 3.79 l
centigrade / Celsius °C = (°F - 32) x 5/9
°C -5 0 5 10 15 18 20 25 30 36.8 38
°F 23 32 41 50 59 64 68 77 86 98.4 100.4

Fahrenheit °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32

°F 23 32 40 50 60 65 70 80 85 98.4 101
°C -5 0 4 10 16 18 21 27 29 36.8 38.3

294
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