Nivera, abigael

Pascual, rovinell

Objectives:

At the end of the discussion, the student should able to:

1. To know the definition of reproductive system

2. To know the different parts of the system
3. Describe the structure and function of the male and female reproductive tract.
4. Familiarize with the different drugs.

Reproductive system
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which
work together for the purpose of reproduction.
The reproductive system comprises the reproductive organs. In the male, the organs include the
testes, accessory ducts, accessory glands, and penis. In the female, the organs include the uterus,
uterine tubes, ovaries, vagina, and vulva.

Functions of the Reproductive System

 The male reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymis, ducts, accessory glands,
and penis. It performs the following functions:
 Production of sperm cells. The reproductive system produces male sex cells, or sperm
cells, in the testes.
 Sustaining and transfer of the sperm cells to the female. The duct and gland system
provides an environment in which the sperm cells mature, provides nutrients for the
sperm cells produced in the testes, and transports the sperm cells from the testes through
the penis, which is a specialized organ that deposits the sperm cells in the female
reproductive system.
 Production of male sex hormones. Hormones produced by the male reproductive system
control the development of the reproductive system itself and of the male body from.
These hormones are also essential for the normal function of the reproductive system and
reproductive behavior.
external reproductive structures
 Penis — The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It has three parts: the root,
which attaches to the wall of the abdomen; the body, or shaft; and the glans, which is the
cone-shaped end of the penis. It is an elongated muscular organ, full of blood vessels and
nerves. It is the external organ in front of the scrotum. It is where semen and urine flow
out of the body.
 Scrotum — The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis.
It contains the testicles (also called testes), as well as many nerves and blood vessels.
 Testes- are oval-shaped organs that produce testosterone. Testes produce sperm cells.
Production of sperm begins at puberty.
 Epididymis — The epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each
testicle. It functions in the transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produced in
the testes.

internal reproductive organs

Vas deferens —The vas deferens transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for
ejaculation.
Ejaculatory ducts — These are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal
vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra.
Urethra — is a canal through which the urine is carried outside the body and through which the
semen (whitish liquid containing sperms) is discharged. It is produced chiefly by the prostate
gland.
Seminal vesicles — The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides
sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move).
Prostate gland — produces a fluid called semen that helps sperm to move around.
Bulbourethral glands — The bulbourethral glands, or Cowper’s glands,

The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and
mammary glands. It performs the following functions:
1. Production of female sex cells.
2. Reception of sperm cells from the male.
3. Nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new individual.
4. Production of female sex hormones.

External female reproductive structures (the genital)

 Labia majora: The labia majora enclose and protect the other external reproductive
organs. The labia majora contain sweat and oil-secreting glands.
 Labia minora: Literally translated as "small lips," the labia minora can be very small or
up to 2 inches wide.
 Bartholin’s glands: These glands are located next to the vaginal opening and produce a
fluid (mucus) secretion.
 Clitoris: The two labia minora meet at the clitoris, a small, sensitive protrusion that is
comparable to the penis in males. Like the penis, the clitoris is very sensitive to
stimulation and can become erect.
Internal reproductive organs

Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of uterus) to the outside of the
body. It also is known as the birth canal.

Uterus: is a hollow stretchable organ with thick muscular walls lined with many blood vessels. It
is about the size of a clenched fist. The uterus is the strongest muscle in the female body. It is
where the fetus or unborn child develops during pregnancy.

Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus.
The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.

Fallopian tubes: are muscular elongations. They have finger like ends. Each tube leads to the
uterus.

Vagina- is a muscular tube with little internal spaces. This is the passage where menstruation
flows out. This is also where sperm cells enter. The vagina is also called the birth canal. When a
baby is born, it passes from the uterus through the cervix, and out of the body through the
vagina.

The cervix is the passageway, about one-eight of an inch wide, connecting the uterus and the
vagina. Normally, the cervix is very small, but during childbirth, it opens wide enough to allow
for a passage of the fetus.
 Drug Study

Tamoxifen Citrate (Soltamox)

Drug and Action Contraindication Special Adverse Nursing Health Teachings

Indication Precaution Reaction Consideratio
n
Once daily Enhances the Contraindicated with -Hepatic or Flushing, Ensure Do not drink grapefruit
for effect of nitric allergy to any renal hypertension, diagnosis of juice while using this
treatment oxide at the component of the impairment Headache, erectile drug.
of ED in nerve ending tablet; -hypotension dizziness, dysfunction
me who and endothelial contraindicated for Uncontrolled fatigue, This drug can cause
anticipate cells in the use in women or hypertension abnormal Remind pt that serious fetal harm and
having sex corpus children. erection this drug did must not taken during
more than cavernosum by not protect pregnancy
twice inhibiting PDE5 against
weekly. in the corpus sexually Have regular gynecolog
cavernosum of transmitted examinations during
the penis. This diseases pregnancy
results in
vasodilation, Report marked weaknes
increased inflow sleepiness, mental
of blood into the confusion, pain or
corporus swelling of the legs,
cavernosum, shortness of breath,
and ensuing blurred vision.
penile erection
upon sexual
stimulation.
 Gardasil

Drug and Action Contraindication Special Adverse Nursing Health Teaching

Indication Precaution Reaction Consideration

Gardasil is a Recombin Hypersensitivity, Because vaccines Headache, -Do not Provide comfort
vaccine ant virus including severe may develop fever, nausea, administer to measures to help the pt
indicated in particles allergic reactions to syncope, and anyone with cope with discomforts of
girls and that yeast (a vaccine sometimes dizziness; immunodeficienc immunization
women 9 stimulate component), or after resulting in and local y/ suppression or
through 26 antibody a previous dose of falling with injection site malignancy. Ensure the pt.
years of age for production Gardasil. injury, reactions -do not understand the
the prevention to human observation for (pain, administer with importance of regular
of the papilomavi 15 minutes after swelling) any antiviral check up screening.
following rus, administration is occurred after drugs
diseases caused providing recommended. administratio Do not
by Human humoral n with administer if pt.
Papillomavirus immunity Gardasil. has febrile illness
(HPV) types to virus Do not
included in the that cause administer to pt
vaccine: such allergic of the
disease drug
do not administer
to women who
are pregnant.