Reviewer in UOPS 2

• Bernoulli equation deals with the law of conservation of energy.

• Two pipe systems can be said equivalent, when the following quantities are friction loss
and flow.
• The pressure in Pascals at a depth of 1 m below the free surface of a body of water will
be equal to 9180 Pa.
• At the center line of a pipe flowing under pressure where the velocity gradient is zero, the
shear stress could be any value.
• In order that flow takes place between two points in a pipeline, the differential pressure
should be more than the frictional force, viscosity, and surface tension.
• Reynold’s number is significant in full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with
pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles, etc.
• All the terms of energy in Bernoulli’s equation have dimension of length.
• Mach number is significant in supersonics, as with projectile and jet propulsion.
• The equation of continuity holds good when the flow is steady, is one dimensional, and
the velocity is uniform at all cross sections.
• According to Bernoulli’s equation for steady ideal fluid flow the energy is constant
along a stream line but may vary across streamlines.
• Uniform flow occurs when the magnitude and direction of the velocity do not change
from point to point in the fluid.
• A streamline is defined as the line of equal velocity in a flow.
• General energy equation of flow holds for non-uniform flow.
• The flow in which conditions do not change with time at any point, is known as steady
flow.
• Fluid is a substance that cannot remain at rest under action of any shear force.
• In a static fluid, only normal stresses can exist.
• Practical fluids are viscous, possesses surface tension, and are compressible.
• If no resistance is encountered by displacement, such substance is known as ideal fluid.
• A fluid is said to be ideal if it is inviscid and incompressible.
• Liquids can be compressed, doesn’t occupy a definite volume, affected by change in
pressure and temperature, and viscous.
• An ideal flow of any fluid must fulfill the continuity equation.
• Property of a fluid by which its own molecules are attracted is called cohesion.
• The property of fluid which enables it to resist tensile stress is known as surface tension.
• The specific weight of water is 1000 kg/m3 at normal pressure of 760 mmhg, at 4
temperature, and at mean sea level.
• Specific Weight of water in SI units is equal to 9.81 x103 N/m3.
• When the flow parameters at any given instant remain same at every point, then flow is
said to be steady state.
• Specific gravity is dimensionless.
• The normal stress in a fluid will be constant in all directions at a point only if it is at rest.
• The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be the same in all the directions when the fluid
is viscous and moving.
• The tendency of a liquid to contract is due to the surface tension.
• For very great pressures, viscosity of most gases and liquids shows erratic behavior.
• Viscosity of water in comparison to mercury is higher.
• A balloon lifting in air follows the principles law of gravitation, Archimedes principle,
and buoyancy principle.
• An object floats in water with ¾ of its volume submerged. The ratio of the density of the
object to that of water is ¾.
• For manometer, a better liquid combination is one having higher surface tension.
• Alcohol is used in manometer, because it’s vapor pressure is low.
• When in equilibrium, fluids can sustain shear forces.
• If w is the specific weight of liquid and k the depth of any point from the surface, then
pressure intensity at that point will be wh.
• A piece of metal of specific gravity 13.6 is placed in mercury of specific gravity 13.6, the
whole of the metal piece will be immersed with its top surface just at mercury level.
• The atmospheric pressure with rise in altitude decreases first lowly and then steeply.
• In an isothermal atmosphere, the pressure varies in the same way as the density.
• Mercury is often used in barometer because the height of barometer will be less and its
vapor pressure is so low that it may be neglected.
• The speed of sound in an ideal gas varies directly as its absolute temperature.
• A metal with specific gravity of an object floating in fluid of same specific gravity will be
fully immersed with top surface at fluid surface.
• Working principle of dead weight pressure gauge tester is based on Pascal’s law.
• Buoyant force is the resultant force on a body due to the fluid surrounding it
• The fluid in which the shearing stress within it is proportional to the velocity gradient
across the sheared section, is called a perfect fluid.
• If layers of fluid have frictional force between them, then it is known as viscous.
• Pseudoplastics becomes more resistant to motion as the strain rate increases.
• Boiling point is the point of the liquid state of the water can no longer be sustained
because the attractive forces are not sufficient to contain the molecules in a liquid phase.