Building norms of Turkmenistan

Engineering protection of areas against inundation and under

flooding

SNT 2.06.05-2004

The Ministry of Building and Industry of Construction Materials of Turkmenistan

Ashgabat -2004
 SNT 2.06.05-2004
Engineering protection of areas against inundation and under
flooding. Codes of design

Developed by the Turkmen State Water-economy Scientific and

Production and Project Institute of Turkmensuvylymtaslama at the
Ministry of Water Economy of Turkmenistan.

Head of developing group: candidate of geological and meliorative

sciences Batirshin M.M.
Responsible executor: geological engineer Faynberg F.F,

Prepared for approval by the Management of science, project works,

new technologies and information at the Ministry of Building and
Industry of Construction Materials of Turkmenistan.

With the coming into effect of the building norms of Turkmenistan

SNT 2.06.05-2004 “Engineering protection of areas against inundation and
under flooding.” the SNT 2.06.15-85 “Engineering protection of areas against
inundation and under flooding.” will be invalid within the territory of
Turkmenistan.

The Ministry of Building and Industry of Construction Materials of

Turkmenistan- A- 2004
 The Ministry of Building and Industry Building norms of Turkmenistan SNT 2.06.05-
of Construction Materials of 200
Turkmenistan 4
Engineering protection of areas First edition
against inundation and
under flooding. Codes
of design

The present building norms and rules applies on designing of systems,

objects and constructions of engineering protection against inundation and
under flooding of territories of settlements, industrial, transport, power and
household objects, mineral deposits and mine openings, agricultural and wood
grounds, natural landscapes, natural reserve and special protected areas.
At designing of systems, objects and constructions of engineering protection
norms and requirements of the Sanitary Code of Turkmenistan, the Law on
Protection of nature of Turkmenistan, The Law on Land of Turkmenistan, the
Waster Code of Turkmenistan, the Forest Code of Turkmenistan, the Law on
Subsoil of Turkmenistan, The Law on the state special protected natural
territories shall be obligatory and prevail, also requirements of the other
normative-juridical and legislative acts of Turkmenistan shall be observed.

1.GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Complex of the actions providing protection against inundation and under
flooding shall be the mandatory part of all projects of the all kinds of economic
activities.
Protection of territory of settlements, industrial and domestic-warehouse
objects should provide:
Standard medical and sanitary living conditions of the population;
Standard sanitary-and-hygienic, social and recreational conditions of
protected territories.
Uninterrupted and reliable functioning and development of city, town-
planning, technological, communication, transport objects, zones of rest and
other territorial systems and separate constructions of a national economy;
Protection of farmlands, grazing lands, land reservoir territories, natural
landscapes and special protected areas should:
Prevent second salting, swamping, desertification of territories;
Saving and augmentation of fertility of the lands, efficiency of the pasturable
and wood grounds, the economic-completed areas, reservoirs and water
channel of fish-economy values;
Provide the complex and rational use of all kinds of natural resources within
protected areas.
 Protection against inundation and underflooding of mineral deposits and
mine openings should provide:
Protection of bowels and natural landscapes;
Safe conducting of mining procedures within protected and adjacent areas;
Complex and rational use of mineable resources;
Exception of possibility of technogenic inundation and underflooding of the
territories caused by working out of mineral deposits.
1.2. As the basic means of engineering protection it is necessary to provide
dyking, artificial increase of a surface of territory, riverbed regulating
constructions and constructions on regulation and tap of a superficial drain,
drainage systems both separate drainages and other protective constructions.
As auxiliary means of engineering protection it is necessary to use natural
properties of natural systems and its components, strengthening efficiency of
the basic means of engineering protection. As the last there should be increased
measures such water taking away and drainage roles of a hydrographic network
by the way of clearing of riverbeds and former riverbeds, phyto-melioration,
agrotechnical activities etc.
It is necessary to include the organizational-technical activities providing
maintenance of the admission of passing of high waters and summer high
waters to the structure of the project of engineering protection of territories.
Engineering protection in the territories being built should provide formation
of uniform complex territorial system or protective constructions adjacent to
the local objects providing effective protection of territories from flooding on
the rivers, inundation and underflooding at creation of water basins and
channels; from the increase of level of ground waters caused by building and
operation of buildings, constructions and networks.
Uniform complex territorial systems of engineering protection should be
projected irrespective of a departmental accessory of protected territories and
objects.
1.3. Necessity of protection of territories of the bottom land of the rivers
from natural flooding is defined by requirement and degree of use of separate
sites of these territories under city or industrial building, or under agricultural
grounds, and also mineral deposits.
Settlement parametres of flooding of the river’s bottom lands should be
defined on the basis of engineering-hydrological calculations depending on
accepted classes of protective constructions according to the section 2. Thus it
is necessary to distinguish flooding as: deep-water (depth from above 5m), an
average (depth from 2m to 5m ), shallow (depth of a covering of a surface of a
land by water up to 2 m).
Necessity of protection of the sea coastal territories (Caspian sea) and lake
territories (Sarikamish and others lakes) from natural flooding is defined by
requirement and degree of use of separate sites of these territories under any
economical mastering purposes. Settlement parametres of flooding of the sea
coastal territories and lake territories should be defined on the basis of
engineering-hydrological and engineering-hydrogeological calculations of
these territories.
 1.4. Borders of territories of technogenic flooding should be defined by
working out of projects of water economic objects in different functions and
systems of tap fulfilled and sewage from the industrial enterprises, farmlands
and mine openings of mineral deposits.
Negative influence of flooding by existing or projected water basins should
be estimated depending on the draw-off modes of water basins and durations of
action of flooding on coastal territory. Thus it is necessary to distinguish:
constant flooding — below a mark of level of dead volume (УМО); periodic —
between marks of normal retaining level (НПУ) and УМО; temporary (forcing
the level of a water basin above НПУ). For natural reservoirs the negative
influence of inundation and under flooding should be estimated on the basis of
materials of the hydrological and hydrogeological researches and prognosis.
1.5. At an estimation of negative influences of flooding of territory it is
necessary to consider laying depth of ground waters, duration and intensity of
process, hydro-geological, engineering-geological and geo-cryological,
medical-sanitary, geo-botanical, zoological, soil, agro-economic, meliorative,
economic-technical features of an area of the protected territory.
At an estimation of a damage from flooding it is necessary to consider
territory building, classes of protected constructions and objects, value of
farmlands, mineral deposits and natural landscapes.
1.6. At preparing projects of engineering protection against flooding it is
necessary to consider following sources of flooding:
- backup of underground waters from water basins, channels, pools of GAES
hydronuclear electric power plants and other hydraulic engineering
constructions,
- backup of ground waters due of a filtration from the irrigated lands on
adjoining territories,
- leak of water from water bearing communications and constructions in
protected territories,
- an atmospheric precipitation.
-backup of underground waters due of water level rising of the Caspian Sea,
Sarikamish lake and other natural reservoirs and water channels.
Thus it is necessary to consider possibility of single appearing of separate
sources of flooding or their combinations.
The flooding zone in coastal territory of a projected water basin or other
water object should be defined by the forecast of backup of underground waters
at a settlement water level in water object on the basis of geological and hydro-
geological researches, and on existing water objects — on the basis of hydro-
geological researches.
The distribution zone of backup of ground waters from the irrigated lands
on the interfaced territories should be defined on the basis of water balance and
hydrodynamic calculations, results of geological and soil researches.
Thus it is necessary to consider:
-Degree of atmospheric humidifying of protected territories;
- Losses of water from water bearing communications and capacities.
 The forecast quantitative characteristics of flooding for the mastered
territories are necessary for comparing with the fact sheet of hydro-geological
supervision. In case of excess of the fact sheet over forecast data it is necessary
to reveal additional sources of flooding.
1.7. At engineering protection of city and industrial territories it is necessary
to consider negative influence of flooding on:
- Change of physicomechanical properties of soils in the basis of engineering
constructions and aggression of ground waters;
- Reliability of designs of buildings and constructions, including erected on
additionally undermined and before additionally undermined territories;
Stability and durability of underground constructions at change of
hydrostatic pressure of ground water;
Corrosion of underground parts of metal designs, pipeline systems, water
supply and central heating systems;
Reliability of functioning of engineering communications, constructions and
the equipment owing to penetration of waters in to underground premises;
- Appearing of suffusion and erosion;
- Sanitary-and-hygienic condition of territory;
- Storage conditions food and non-food products in basement and
underground warehouses.
1.8. At flooding of farmlands and natural landscapes it is necessary to
consider flooding influence on:
- Change of a salt mode of soils;
- Territory bogging;
- Natural systems in a whole and on conditions of ability to live of
representatives of flora and fauna;
- Sanitary-and-hygienic condition of territory.
-medical and sanitary conditions for living of people.
1.9. Engineering protection of territory against inundation and underflooding
should be directed on prevention or reduction of an economic, social and
ecological damage which is defined by decrease in quantity and quality of
production of various branches of a national economy, deterioration of hygienic
and medico sanitary living conditions of the population, expenses for
restoration of reliability of objects on inundation and impounded territories,
ecological safety of environment.
1.10. At designing of engineering protection against inundation and
underflooding it is necessary to define expediency and possibility of
simultaneous use of constructions and systems of engineering protection with a
view of improvement of water delivery and water supply, cultural and
community living conditions of the population, operation of industrial and
municipal objects, and also in interests of power, road, railway and a sailing
charter, a mining operations, rural, wood, fish and hunting economy, land
improvement, a recreation and wildlife management, providing in projects
possibility of creation of variants of constructions of engineering protection of
multipurpose appointment.
1.11. The project of constructions of engineering protection should provide:
 Reliability of protective constructions, uninterrupted operation of their
operation at the least operational expenses;
Possibility of carrying out of regular supervision over work and condition of
constructions and the equipment;
Optimum modes of operation of water waste constructions;
The maximum use of local building materials and natural resources.
The choice of variants of constructions of engineering protection should be
made on the basis of technical and economic comparison of indicators of
compared variants.
1.12. Territories of settlements and areas of working out of mineral deposits
should be protected from the consequences specified in article 1.7, and also
from landslips, subsidence, and agricultural grounds — from the consequences
specified in article 1.8, improving microclimatic, agro-meliorative and other
conditions.
At designing of engineering protection of territories it is necessary to
observe requirements of State and International (Interstate) Codes on Protection
of Nature.
In cases when projected constructions of engineering protection territorially
coincide with existing or created water security, nature protection zones,
national parks, reserves, wildlife preserves, nature protection actions of the
project of engineering protection of territory should be co-ordinated with
bodies of the state control over environment protection.
1.13. Efficiency of the projected anti-flooding actions should be defined by
the comparison of technical and economic indicators of a variant of complex
use of a water basin and the protected lands with the variant of use of the lands
before carrying out of anti-flooding actions.
1.14. Anti-flooding dams, dyking dams of settlements and industrial objects,
mineral deposits and mine openings should be projected according to
requirements of section 3 of the present norms and SNT 2.06.01.-2001, and
farmlands —according to requirements of SNT 2.06.04-2004.
At designing of protective anti-flooding systems on the rivers it is necessary
to consider requirements of complex use of water resources of waterways.
The choice of settlement security of the admission of high waters through
water waste protective constructions is proved by technical and economic
calculations taking into account classes of protective constructions according to
the requirements of section 2.
1.15. The constructions regulating a superficial drain in territories protected
from flooding, should be calculated for the surface water arriving on these
territories (rain and thawed snow, temporary and constant waterways), accepted
according to a class of a protective construction.
The superficial drain from outside a watershed should be taken away from
protected territory on hiilside channels, and if necessary to provide the device
of the reservoirs, allowing to accumulate a part of a superficial drain.
1.16. The complex territorial system of engineering protection against
inundation and underflooding should include some various means of
engineering protection in cases of:
 Presence in protected territory of the industrial or civil constructions which
protection to carry out by separate means of engineering protection is
impossible and ineffective;
Difficult morphometric, topographical, hydro-geological and other
conditions excluding application of this or that separate object of engineering
protection.
1.17. At protection of territories against flooding and the flooding caused by
building of hydropower and water economic objects, the feasibility report on
engineering protection I and II classes should be carried out on the basis of
technical and economic calculations according to the recommended appendix
1.
The substantiation of constructions of engineering protection at designing of
water economic objects of regional and district value, and also constructions of
engineering protection III and IV classes should be carried out on a basis
"Standard costs of development of the new lands instead of withdrawn for non-
agricultural needs", approved by the Cabinet of Ministries of Turkmenistan.

2. CLASSES OF CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION

2.1. Classes of constructions of engineering protection are appointed, as a

rule, not below classes of protected objects depending on the importance for
state, benefits of enviroment and economic subjects.
At territory protection on which objects of various classes are located, the
class of constructions of engineering protection, as a rule, should correspond to
a class of the majority of protected objects. Thus separate objects with higher
class, than a class established for constructions of engineering protection of
territory, can locally be protected. Classes of such objects and their local
protection should correspond to each other.
If the feasibility report establishes inexpediency of local protection the class
of engineering protection of territory should be raised on one degree.
2.2. Classes of constant hydraulic engineering constructions of engineering
protection of water retaining type should be appointed according to
requirements of the SNT 2.06.01-2001 and depending on the characteristic of
protected territory under the obligatory appendix 2 of the present norms.
2.3. For riverbed and waterflow regulating, drainage systems etc. it is
necessary to appoint classes of protective constructions of not water retaining
type according to "Rules of the account of degree of responsibility of buildings,
constructions at designing of projects ", confirmed by the State Architectural
Committee of Turkmenistan.
Settlement conditions for designing are accepted on SNT 2.06.01-2001
according to the accepted class.
2.4. Excess of a crest of water retaining protective constructions over a
settlement water level should be appointed depending on a class of protective
constructions and taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84
“Concrete and reinforced concrete dams”
 It is necessary to consider possibility of increase of a water level at the
expense of waterway constraint by protective constructions.
2.5. At protection of territory against flooding by increase of a surface of
territory by pouring or an alluvium of a ground the mark of poured territory
from outside water object should be accepted the same as for a crest of dyiking
dams; the mark of a surface of poured territory at protection against flooding
should be defined taking into account the requirements of building norms
2.6. At designing of engineering protection on coast of waterways and
reservoirs, the water maximum level in them with probability of excess
depending on a class of constructions of engineering protection according to
requirements SNT 2.06.01-2001 for the basic settlement case is accepted as the
calculative.

Notes: 1. The probability of excess of a settlement water level for the

constructions of class I protecting agricultural territories by the area over 100
thousand hectare, is accepted equal to 0,5 %; for the constructions of class IV
protecting territories of improvingly-recreational and sanitary-protective
appointment — 10 %.
2. The water modulation through a crest of constructions of engineering
protection of city territories at testing settlement water levels according to the
SNT 2.06.01-2001 is not supposed. The plan of organizational-technical actions
for a case of passage of a high water should be developed for city territories
and the separate industrial enterprises with the security equal to a testing
settlement case.

2.7. Norms of drainage (depths of fall of ground waters, considering from a

design mark of territory) at designing of protection against flooding are
accepted depending on character of building of protected territory according to
tab. 1.

Table 1
Character of building Norm of
drainage, m

1. Territories of the large industrial zones and complexes to 15

2. Territories of city industrial zones, communal -warehouse 5
zones, the centres of the largest, large and big cities

3. Residential territories of cities and rural settlements 3

4. Territories of sports objects and establishments of service of the 3
rest zones
5. Territories of zones of recreational and protective appointment 2,5-3
(green plantings of the general using, parks, sanitary-protective
zones)
Notes: 1. Drainage norms are for seismic zone in <6 degree
 2. In the seismic zones (7,8,9 degrees) the norm of drainage should be
defined with taking into account the influence of situation of soil water level on
the estimation of seismic risk.

Norms of drainage of farmlands are defined according to the SNT 2.06.01-

2001 but not less than 2,5 meter in the vegetation period according to the
progress condition of the second saltination due of the capillar increasing and
evaporating of the soil waters. .
Norms of drainage of territories of working out of minerals are defined
taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.06.14-85.
Norms of drainage in the interfaced city, agricultural and other territories
used by various land users, are defined taking into account the requirements of
each land user.
The norms of drainage of territories depending to the dwelling time of
people in premises shall corrected by increasing and taking into account the
requirememnts of the SNT 2.01.08-99 and seismic features of territories and
watering soils.
2.8. Classes of protective constructions from flooding should be appointed
depending on norms of drainage and settlement fall of level of ground waters
according to the table 2.

Table 2
Norms of Settlement fall of level of ground waters, m, for classes of
drainage, m constructions
I II III IV
Up to 15 More than 5 Up to 5  
5  More than. 3 Up to 3 
2,3    More than 2

2.9. The maximum settlement levels of ground waters in protected

territories should be accepted by results of the forecast according to article 1.6.
Settlement expenses of an adjustable drain of rain waters should be accepted on
the SNT 2.04.03-98.

3. REQUIREMENTS TO DESIGNING OF OBJECTS

AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION

Protection of territories against flooding

3.1. Protection of territories against flooding should be carried out by:
dyking of territories from the side the rivers, a water basin or other water
object;
Artificial increase of a relief of territory to the planning marks of the
unflooding areas.
Accumulation, regulation, tap of superficial waste and drainage waters from
the flooded, temporarily flooded, irrigated territories and the broken lowlands.
 Into structure of the engineering protection means against flooding can be
included: dyking dams, drainages, drainage and water waste networks, hillside
water waste channels, rapid flows and differences, pipelines and pump stations.
Depending on natural and hydro-geological conditions of protected territory
of system of engineering protection can include some the above-stated
constructions or separate constructions.
3.2. The general dyking scheme of the protected territory on all extent of the
lowered marks of its natural surface should be chosen on the basis of technical
and economic comparison of variants taking into account requirements of all-
union and departmental standard documents and the standards confirmed by
Turkmenistan.
3.3. At protection of flooding territories it is necessary to apply two kinds of
dyking: the general and on sites.
The general dyking is expedient for applying territories at absence in
protected territory of waterways or when their drain can be thrown in a water
basin or in the river on the by-pass channel, the pipeline or pump station.
Dyking on sites is necessary to apply to protection of the territories crossed
by the big rivers which swapping is economically inexpedient, or for protection
of separate sites of territory with various density of building.
3.4. At choicing of variants of designs of dyking dams it is necessary to
consider:
Topographical, engineering-geological, hydro-geological, hydrological,
environmental conditions of area of building;
Profitability of designs of protective constructions;
Possibility of the admission of water in a high water and summer high
waters;
Density of building of territory and the sizes of zones of the alienation
demanding carrying out of structures from zones of flooding;
Expediency of application of local building materials, building cars and
mechanisms;
Terms of erection of constructions;
Requirements on protection of a surrounding environment;
Convenience of operation;
Expediency of recycling of drainage waters for water supply improvement.
3.5. Excess of a crest of dyking dams over a settlement water level of water
objects is necessary to define depending on a class of protective constructions
according to subarticles 2.4 and 2.6.
3.6. On prevention of the floodings caused by creation of water basins, the
main channels, systems of drainage of ground files, it is necessary to co-
ordinate projects of engineering protection to civil-engineering designs of all
water economic complex.

Artificial increase of a surface of territory

3.7. The territory surface should be raised:

 For development under building flooded, temporary flooding and the
impounded territories;
For use of the lands under an agricultural production;
For an accomplishment of a coastal strip of water basins and other water
objects.
3.8. Variants of artificial increase of a surface of territory are necessary to
choose on the basis of the analysis of following characteristics of protected
territory: soil-geological, zone-climatic and anthropogenous; functionally-
planning, social, ecological and others required to territories under building.
3.9. The project of a vertical lay-out of territory with pouring a ground
should be developed taking into account of density of building of territory,
degree of performance before provided planning works, classes of protected
constructions, changes of a hydrological mode of the rivers and the reservoirs
located in protected territory taking into account the predicted lifting of level of
ground waters.
3.10. For a settlement water level at designing of artificial increase of a
surface of territory from flooding is accepting a water level mark in the river or
a water basin according to the article 2.6.
3.11. At protection of territory against flooding by pouring the edge mark of
a coastal slope of territory should be defined according to the requirements of
article 2.5 and to accept not less than on 0,5 m above a settlement water level in
water object taking into account a design altitude of a wave and its splash.
Surface marks of poured territories at protection against flooding are defined by
size of norm of drainage taking into account the forecast level of ground
waters.
Designing of a coastal slope of poured territories should be carried out
according to the requirements of SNiP 2.06.05-84.
3.12. Tap of a superficial drain from the protected territory should be carried
out in reservoirs, waterways, ravines, in city sewer or storm systems taking into
account the requirements of subarticles 3.13-3.15 of the present norms and
"Rules of protection of a surface water from pollution by sewage".
3.13. At realisation of artificial increase of a surface of territory it is
necessary to provide conditions for natural drainage of underground waters. On
thalwegs of filled up or washed away ravines and beams it is necessary to lay
drainages, and constant waterways to conclude in collectors with
accompanying drains.
3.14. Necessity of drainage artificial pouring is defined by hydro-geological
conditions of adjoining territory and filtrational properties of soils of the bases
and pouring.
At pouring of temporarily waterways, reservoirs and places of unloading of
underground waters it is necessary to provide the device in the basis of pouring
of a filter-bed or the layer drainage.
3.15. At a choice of technology of works on artificial increase of a surface of
territory by pouring a ground or an alluvium it is necessary to provide moving
of soil weights with non-flooding sites of radical coast or river’s bottomlands to
the flooding sites. At deficiency of soils it is necessary to use useful dredging at
deepening of the riverbeds for navigation, clearing and an accomplishment of
former-riverbeds, channels and other reservoirs located in protected territory or
near to it.

Regulation and tap of a surface water from protected territory

3.16. Constructions on regulation and tap of a surface water from city

territories and industrial platforms should be developed according to
requirements of engineering preparation of territories Designing of sag pipes,
releases, storm sewers and catch basin, sediment bowls, blending units, pump
stations and other constructions should be made in conformity with the
requirements of the SNiP 2.04.03-98.
In territories of industrial and civil building it is necessary to provide the rain
water drain of the closed type. Application of open water taking away devices
(ditches, cuvettes, trays) is supposed in areas of 1—2 storey buildings, in
territories of parks and zones of rest with the device of bridges or pipes on
crossings with streets, roads, passing way and sidewalks — according to the
requirements of SNiP 2.05.02-2001 and SNiP II-39-76.
3.17. Flow and riverbed regulating constructions and actions for prevention
of inundation and underflooding of the agricultural territories adjoining to the
non regulating average and small rivers, and also for protection of the open and
underground mine openings of minerals and separate economic objects such, as
transitions under highways, approaches to navigable constructions etc., are
necessary to apply depending on:
From scales and time of flooding of territory;
From natural factors — flooding and water erosion;
From the technogenic factors strengthening inundation and underflooding of
the lands in a zone of protected objects.
3.18. At regulation and tap of a surface water from protected farmlands it is
necessary to fulfil requirements of the present norms and SNT 2.06.01-2001.
The account of natural water erosion of a soil cover should be made
depending on norm of deposits, evaporation, biases of the surface, degree of
natural drainage etc.
It is necessary to provide:
In a damp zone — protection against inundation and underflooding by storm
and snow, thawed snow by tap of a superfluous surface water, falls of level of
ground waters at their high standing, drainages of bogs also its superfluous the
humidified lands;
In low-drainage and droughty zones — protection against plane and linear
water erosion by processing of arable lands across slopes, turfing (grasses)
slopes, landing of trees and bushes plantings in zones of ravine-formation and
forest belts on borders of crop rotation sites, creation of water-retaining
devices, deep volume loosening.
 3.19. Flow regulating constructions in protected territory should provide tap
of a superficial drain in a hydrographic network or in water intakes.
Interception and tap of a surface water should be carried out by making
protecting dyking in a combination with hillside channels.

Note. At protection of territories of mineral deposits the project of flow

regulating constructions should be co-ordinated with the requirements of the
SNiP 2.06.14-85.

3.20. Riverbed regulating constructions on the waterways located in

protected territories, should be calculated on the water expense in a high water
at settlement water levels, providing of non-flooding of territories, settlement
watering of river and exception of drainage of in the inundated territories.
Besides, these constructions should not violate a condition of a fence of water
in existing channels, to change a firm drain of a stream, and also a mode of the
admission of ice and sludge.
3.21. Protection of territory against technogenic flooding by mineralized
waters by means of absorbing chinks and wells is supposed to be carried out in
exceptional cases and at observance of requirements and conditions of bases of
the legislation on bowels with the permission of the State Committee
Turkmengeologia (Turkmengeology) in coordination with Ministries of Health\
Nature Protection and bodies of Gosgortekhnadzor.

Protection of territory against flooding

3.22. The structure of protective constructions in the impounded territories

should be appointed depending on character of flooding (constant, seasonal,
incidental) and sizes of a damage brought by it. Protective constructions should
be directed on elimination of principal causes of flooding according to the
requirements of sub-articles 1.6-1.8.
3.23. At a choice of systems of drainage constructions the form and the size
of the territory which demand drainage, character of movement of ground
waters, a geological structure, filtrational properties and capacitor
characteristics of water-bearing layers, area of distribution of water-bearing
layers taking into account conditions of a food and unloading of underground
waters should be considered, quantitative sizes of components of balance of
ground waters are defined, the forecast of lifting of level of ground waters and
its decrease at realisation of protective actions is made.
On the basis of water balance, filtrational, hydrodynamic and hydraulic
calculations, and also technical and economic comparison of variants it is
necessary to make a choice of definitive system for drainage of territories. Thus
chosen protective actions from flooding should not result in the built up
territories or in a zone adjoining to them in the consequences specified in sub-
articles 1.7, 1.8.
3.24. At calculation of drainage systems it is necessary to observe
requirements of subarticles 1.5-1.8 and to define their rational site and
deepening, providing standard fall of ground waters in protected territory
according to the requirements of section 2.
In territories protected from flooding depending on topographical and
geological conditions, character and density of building, traffic conditions of
underground waters from outside a watershed to a natural or artificial drain it is
necessary to apply one - two - the multilinear, planimetric and combined
drainage systems.
3.25. Interception of infiltration waters in the form of leaks from water
containing land and underground capacities and constructions (tanks, sediment
bowls, slag deposits, stores of a drain of system of external networks of a
waterpipe, the water drain etc.) is necessary to provide by means of planimetric
drainages.
Prevention of spreading of infiltration waters for limits of the territories
which have been taken away under water bearing constructions, is necessary to
reach by making not only drainage systems, but also anti-filtration screens and
the veils projected in SNT 2.02.01-98.

Notes: 1.It is necessary to provide protection against flooding of

underground constructions (Cellars, underground transitions, tunnels etc.) with
protective waterproofing coverings or the device of filtering prisms, boundary
and layer drainages.
2. . It is necessary to provide protection of buildings and constructions with
special requirements to humidity of air in underground and land premises
(elevators, museums, book-depositories etc) by means of the device of the
ventilating drainages, special insulating covers of an underground part of
constructions, and also carrying out of actions of the phytoland improvement
providing elimination of consequences of condensation of a moisture in
basements.

3.26. At reconstruction and strengthening of existing systems of protective

constructions from flooding it is necessary to consider the effect of drainage
reached by existing drainage devices.

Nature protection, sanitary-and-hygienic and anti-parasitic

requirements

3.27 In the project of engineering protection of territory from inundation and

underflooding it is necessary to provide:
The prevention of dangerous washouts of a channel, coast, and also sites of
interface of protective constructions with not strengthened coast, caused by
waterway constraint by protective dams and coastal strengthenings;
Preservation in protected territory trees and bushes and meadow vegetation,
forestations left around reservoirs.
Realisation in protected territory of a complex of agrotechnical, meadow-
forest meliorative and hydraulic engineering actions for struggle against water
erosion;
 Gardening of a protected part of territory of settlements, industrial targets,
meliorative sites etc.;
The prevention of pollution of soil, the reservoirs, protected farmlands and
the territories used under a recreation, activators of infectious diseases, an
industrial production waste, mineral oil and poison chemicals;
Preservation of natural conditions of migration of animals in borders of
protected territory;
Preservation or creation of new spawning areas instead of the inundated
lakes lost as a result of drainage, former riverbeds and shoal of water basins;
The prevention of destruction and trauma of fishes on objects of engineering
protection;
Preservation in protected territory of natural conditions for dwelling of
protected animals;
Preservation in protected territory of a mode of the water-marsh grounds
used by flying waterfowls during migration.
3.28. Systems of engineering protection should be projected taking into
account the features of nature protection, sanitary-and-hygienic and anti-
parasitic requirements for each natural zone, and also the given territorial
complex schemes of wildlife management.
3.29. At placing of constructions of engineering protection and building base
it is necessary to choose the lands, not suitable for agriculture, or agricultural
grounds of poor quality. For building of constructions on the lands of the state
wood fund it is necessary to choose the areas not covered with wood or the
areas occupied with bushes or invaluable plantings.
Infringement of natural complexes of reserves and the natural systems
having special scientific or a cultural value, including within security zones
round reserves is not allowed.
3.30. At creation of objects of engineering protection on farmlands and the
built up territories processes of the biogeochemical circulation, making positive
impact on functioning of natural systems should not be broken.
3.31. Sanitary-improving actions are necessary to project taking into account
prospects of development of settlements. It is not necessary to suppose
formations of shallow zones, and also zones of temporary flooding and strong
flooding near to settlements.
The distance from reservoirs to inhabited and public buildings should be
established by bodies of sanitary-and-epidemiologic service in each specific
case.
3.32. All projects of engineering protection should contain an estimation of
possible consequences of technogenic influences on the surrounding
environment which is based on forecasts of dynamics of natural processes:
geodynamic, hydrological, hydrochemical, geothermal, biological, resulting
inundation and underflooding influence, and also forecasts of changes of
parasitologic situations.
3.33. At the making of protective constructions it is supposed to apply as
building materials the grounds and production wastes which are not polluting
surrounding environment.
 Dredging below an alignment of protective constructions for escalating of
dams is not supposed.
Working out of open-cast mines of local materials in a water security zone of
reservoirs and waterways and cutting of slopes are not allowed.
3.34. At presence in protected territories of economic-drinking water sources
it is necessary to make the forecast of possible changes of quality of water after
building of protective constructions for working out of water security actions.
3.35. In civil-engineering designs of objects of engineering protection it is
necessary to provide the centralised water supply and the water drain of
protected settlements taking into account the existing hygienic requirements.
3.36. Round of the sources of economic-drinking appointment located in
protected territory, it is necessary to create the sanitary zones of protection
which meet the requirements of existing norms of Turkmenistan.
3.37. In places of crossing by constructions of engineering protection
(hillside channels, dyking dams etc.) ways of migration of animals it is
necessary:
To take out constructions abroad migration ways;
To carry out slopes of land constructions which laid and also be without
fastening, providing unobstructed passage of animals;
To replace sites of channels with the speeds of a current dangerous to a
crossing of animals, with pipelines.
3.38. Re-cultivation and an accomplishment of the territories broken at
creation of objects of engineering protection is necessary to develop taking into
account the requirements of TDS 17.5.3.04-83 and TDS 17.5.3.05-84 and etc.

Recreational requirements

3.39. Use of protected flooded and the impounded coastal territories of the
rivers and water basins for a recreation should be considered on a level with
other kinds of wildlife management and creation of water economic complexes
on the rivers.
At realisation of engineering protection of territory from inundation and
underflooding it is not supposed to reduce recreational potential of protected
territory and adjoining water area.
The reservoirs located in the protected territory, used for the recreational
purposes in a combination to green parks, should meet the requirements of
"The rules of protection of a surface water from pollution by sewage" and TDS
17.1.5.02—80. In the project of engineering protection it is necessary to
provide during the summer period of norm of water exchange according to
hygienic requirements, during the winter period — sanitary admissions.
3.40. Along the lines of the main channels at liquidation of the boggy and
impounded territories it is supposed to create recreational reservoirs near to
settlements according to the TDS 17.1.5.02-80.

4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS TO MATERIALS OF

ENGINEERING RESEARCHES
4.1. Engineering researches are carried out in the territory which subjected to
protection against inundation and under flooding, in full, as well as for territory
of projected economic development (building). So the complex engineering-
hydrological researches, engineering-geological and hydro-geological
researches, soil-meliorative researches, researches according to an ecological
condition of territory are obligatory. The area of territories potentially flooding
and subjected to protection to carrying out of researches are estimated on
analogues or tentative estimations of influences of the basic projected or carried
out engineering actions.
4.2. Materials of researches should provide possibility:
Estimations of an existing environment in protected territory;
The forecast of change of engineering-geological, hydro-geological and
hydrological conditions in protected territory taking into account technogenic
factors, including:
Possibilities of development and distribution of dangerous geological
processes;
Estimations of under flooding possibilities of territories;
Estimations of scales of flooding of territory;
Choice of ways of engineering protection of territories from inundation and
under flooding;
Calculation of constructions of engineering protection;
Estimations of water balance of territory, and also level, chemical and
temperature modes of superficial and underground waters (on the basis of
regime supervision on alignments, balance and test sites);
Estimations natural and artificial drainage of territories;
Drawing up of recommendations about functional zoning of territory.
4.3. Materials of engineering researches should reflect risks accompanying
inundation and under flooding of geological processes: landslips, processing of
coast, a karst, slump of aeolian soils, suffusion, etc.
It is necessary to supplement materials of engineering researches with results
of long-term supervision over a mode of underground waters and exogenous
geological processes which are carried out by the Geological Service and also
hydrological and hydro-geological calculations.
4.4. Scales of graphic documents for designing should be defined taking into
account the design stage according to the table 3.

Table 3
Design stage of engineering protection Scale of graphic documents

1. The scheme of complex territorial 1:500000–1:100000 (inserts 1:25000,

system of engineering protection
2. The project of complex territorial
system of engineering protection
3. . The detailed scheme of engineering
protection of settlement
In difficult engineering-geological
conditions — 1:10 000–1:1000)
1:100000–1:25000 (inserts 1:5000–
1:2000)
1:25000–1:5000 (survey plans
1:100000–1:25000, inserts 1:1000)
4. The project of engineering protection of
a site of building, including:
а) project 1:5000–1:500
б) working documentation 1:1000–1:500
It is necessary to supplement graphic materials given in the table 3 with the
following data:
Estimation of a current state of existing constructions, roads,
communications with authentic data on detection deformations in them;
Estimation of economic and ecological value of the territory and prospect of
its use;
Data on actions existing both carried out earlier and constructions of
engineering protection, on their condition, necessity and possibility of their
development, reconstruction etc.
4.5. At drawing up of the working documentation and one-phasic projects of
engineering protection of separate objects (the industrial enterprises, housing-
and-municipal constructions, single buildings and constructions of different
function etc.) it is necessary to consider requirements to engineering researches
depending on the subsequent use of protected territory: industrial, city and
settlement buildings, agricultural land development, agricultural or linear
building etc.
4.6. The structure of materials of researches by working out of projects of
engineering protection of farmlands for various design stages should
correspond to requirements of the obligatory appendix 3.

5. PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AND SYSTEMS

Dyking dams
5.1. Two types of dyking dams are applied to protection of territory against
flooding - flood-free and flooded.
Flood-free dams should be applied to constant protection against flooding of
the city and industrial territories adjoining to water basins, the rivers and other
water objects.
Flooded dams are supposed to be applied to temporararily protection against
flooding of farmlands in cultivation on them of agricultural crops at
maintenance in water basin NPU, for formation and stabilisation of riverbeds
and coast of the rivers, regulation and redistribution of water streams and a
superficial drain.
5.2. On the meandering waterflows as means of engineering protection of
territory from flooding it is necessary to provide the riverbed regulating
constructions:
The longitudinal dams on a current or at an angle to it and limiting width of
a water stream of the river;
Water stream directing dams — longitudinal, rectilinear or curvilinear,
providing the smooth approach of a stream to apertures of the bridge, a dam, a
water intake and other hydraulic engineering constructions;
 The flooded dams blocking a channel from coast to coast, intended for full
or partial blockage of a current of water on sleeves and channels;
Semidams — cross-section levelling constructions of a riverbed providing
correction of a current and creation of navigable depths;
Spurs (short flood-free semidams), established under some corner to a
current, providing protection of coast against washout;
Coastal and dam fastenings providing protection of coast from washout and
destruction by a current and waves;
The through constructions erected for regulation of a channel and deposits
by redistribution of expenses of water on width of a channel and creation at
coast of slowed down (not washing away) speeds of a current.
5.3. At considerable extent of dams along a waterway or in a zone of
thinning of water basins, the crest mark should be reduced in a current direction
according to a longitudinal bias of a free water surface at settlement level.
On design features there are applied two types of soil dams: the pressed out
and spread profile.
5.4. The choice of type of protecting dams should be made taking into
account an environment; topographical, engineering-geological, hydrological,
climatic, seismicity of area, and also presence of local building materials, the
equipment, schemes of the organisation of manufacture of works, terms of
building and service conditions, prospect of development of area, nature
protection requirements of subarticles 3.36-3.46.
At a choice of type of protecting dams it is necessary to provide use of local
building materials and of soils from useful dredging and production wastes if
they are suitable for these purposes. Designing of dyming dams should be made
according to the requirements of building norms.
Dams from soil materials on not rocky bases should be provided for deaf
sites of pressure head front. Concrete and ferro-concrete dams on not rocky
bases should be provided only as water waste constructions.
At passage of a line of a dam on landslide or potentially landslide site anti-
landslide activities should be taken according to the requirements of the
building norms of Turkmenistan.
5.5. The route of dams should be chosen taking into account requirements of
subarticles 3.2 and 3.3 depending on topographical and engineering-geological
conditions of building, value of the given site of territory for a national
economy, taking into account the minimum change of a hydrological mode of a
waterway and the maximum use of dyming territories.
At the temporary lateral intake flows it is suitable to apply continuous trace
of dams along edge lines of reservoir or waterway. At a constant lateral intake
flows dyking, as a rule should be carried out on sites between inflows and
includes dyking dams of coast of the basic waterway and its inflows.
At dyking by overflow dams all protective constructions should suppose
flooding in a high water.
At trace of dams for protection of the lands under agricultural grounds it is
necessary to consider requirements of the SNT 2.06.04-2004.
 Trace of dyking dams in city line should be provided taking into account the
using of protected territories under building according to the requirements of
building norms
5.6. Excess of a maximum level of water in a reservoir or a waterway over
settlement level should be accepted:
For flood-free dams — depending on a class of constructions according to
requirements of the SNT 2.06.01-2001.
For overflow dams — on SNT 2.06.04-2004.
5.7. At preparing of projects of engineering protection it is necessary to
provide use of a crest of dyking dams for a lining of automobile roads and
railways. In this case the width of a dam on a crest and curvature radius should
be accepted according to the requirements of the SNT 2.05.02-2001 and SNiP
and SNiPII-39-76.
In all other cases the width of a crest of a dam should be appointed
minimum, proceeding from conditions of production of works and
conveniences of operation.
5.8. The dam profile (spread or pressed out) gets out taking into account
presence of local building materials, "the know-how" of works, conditions of
wind excarticleent on a riding slope and an exit of a filtrational stream - on
lower level
Note. Dams of the spread profile with biological fastening of slopes are
preferable.
5.9. Interfacing devices of soil dams with concrete constructions should
provide:
The smooth approach of water to water throughput constructions from
outside top of the head water and smooth spreading of a stream in tile water,
preventing washout of a body and the basis of dams and a waterway bottom;
Filtration prevention on contact to concrete constructions in an adjunction
zone.
Interfacing devices of dams in classes of I-III should be proved by the
laboratory hydraulic researches.
5.10. Calculations of pressure head dams from soil materials should be
carried out according to the requirements of the SNiP 2.06.05-84.

Hillside channels

5.11. By hydraulic calculation of hillside channels is necessary to define

parametres of cross-section at which settlement speeds of water should be less
admissible washing away and more than at what occurs the silting of channels.
Values of factors of a roughness for channels are necessary for accepting on
SNiP 2.06.04-04. Thus settlement hydrological characteristics should be
defined on SNiP 2.01.14-83.
5.12. Rate of slopes of hillside channels is necessary to accept on the basis of
the data on stability of slopes of the existing channels which are in similar
hydro-geological and geological conditions; in the absence of analogues the
rate of slopes of channels with dredging by depth over 5 m is necessary to
accept on the basis of geotechnical calculations.
5.13. The form of cross-sectional section of hillside channels for the
admission of the settlement expense of water should be accepted taking into
account a hydrological mode and density of building of protected territory.
Biases of channels without fastening of a bottom and slopes should provide
the admission of the minimum expenses of water at speeds no more than 0,3-
0,5 m/s. The greatest admissible longitudinal biases of channels in the absence
of clothes should be accepted equal to 0,0005-0,005.
The minimum size of radius of curvature of the channel should be not less
two-multiple width of the channel on water edge at its settlement expense. The
maximum radiuses of turn for hydraulic not counted channels are supposed to
25 m and hydraulic counted — from 2 to 10b (where b - width of the channel
on water edge).
Supposed non-washing away speeds of water for channels with expenses
from above 50 m3/with should be accepted on the basis of researches and
calculations.
5.14. Hillside channels with depth to 5 m and the expense of water to 50
m3/with, and also sag pipes and aqueducts is necessary to project according to
the requirements of the SNT 2.06.04-2004.

Pump stations

5.15. The structure, configuration and a design of constructions of pump

station should be established depending on size of volume of swapping of
water and possibility of creation of heat-sink capacity.
Types, class and capacity of pump stations and their equipment are necessary
for establishing with the account:
The settlement expense, heights of giving and fluctuation of horizons of
water;
Energy source kind;
Maintenance of optimum efficiency of pumps.
5.16. The type and number of pumps are established by calculation
depending on type of pump station taking into account sizes of the settlement
expense and a pressure of water and amplitude of fluctuations of horizons in
bottom and top of the water reaches.
Necessity of application of the reserve unit should be proved by the project
according to norms of designing of drying pump stations as defined in the SNiP
2.05.03-85.
5.17. The water intake construction and pump station can be carried out the
combined or separate type.
Water intake constructions should provide:
Water fence according to the schedule of water giving and the account of
water levels in a water source;
Normal mode of operation and possibility of repair of the equipment;
Protection against hit in them fishes.
 5.18. Water release constructions of pump stations should provide quiet
release of water in water objects and exclude possibility of a return of the
current water.

Drainage systems and drainages

5.19. At designing of drainage systems for prevention or liquidation of

flooding of territories it is necessary to fulfill the requirements of the present
norms, and also SNiP 2.06.14-85 and SNiP 2.06.04-2004.
5.20. At designing of drainage systems it is necessary to give preference to
systems of a drainage with water drainage by the gravity flow. Drainage
systems with compulsory pumping out of water demand an additional
substantiation.
Depending on hydro-geological conditions it is necessary to apply the
horizontal, vertical and combined drainages.
5.21. The drainage system should provide according to the protection
conditions the demanded level mode of ground waters: in territories of
settlements — according to requirements of the present norms, and on
farmlands — according to the requirements of the SNT 2.06.04-2004 and of
present norms.
5.22. Application of drainage system should be proved studying water, and
for an arid zone — and salt balance of ground waters.
At one-phasic designing it is necessary to make calculations and the analysis
of the reasons and the consequences of flooding specified in article 1.5. At two-
phasic designing on the basis of the given geological and hydro-geological
researches and results of the researches received at the first stage taking into
account character of building and prospect of development of protected
territory, it is necessary to define an arrangement of a drainage network in the
plan, depth of slope rate and interface of separate drainage lines among
themselves.
By hydro-geological calculations for the chosen schemes of drainages
should be established:
Optimum position of coastal, head and other drains in relation to a dam or to
borders of the bases from a condition of their minimum values of flow rate;
Necessary depth of slope rate of drains and distance between them, the
expense of drainage waters, including subject to swapping;
Position of the depression curve in protected territory.
5.23. Performance of a horizontal drainage opened by the trench and non-
trench way is defined by economic feasibility. In case of the device of open
horizontal drainages at depth to 4 m from an land surface it is necessary to
consider depth of freezing of soils, and also their possibility of overgrowing.
5.24. In all cases of application of a vertical drainage it is necessary to
arrange its water reception part in soils with high water penetration.
5.25. It is necessary to arrange open drainage channels and trenches when
drainage of considerable territories on the areas about one - two-storeyed
building of small density is required. Their application also is possible and for
protection against flooding of land transport communications.
Calculation of opened (trench) horizontal drainage should be made by taking
into account its combination with hillside channel or a collector of water taking
away system. The profile of trench drainage in this case should be selected for
the settlement expense of a superficial drain of water at gravity flow territory
drainage.
For fastening of slopes of open drainage ditches and trenches it is necessary
to use concrete and ferro-concrete plates or rock fill. In the strengthened slopes
it is necessary to provide drainage apertures.
In the closed drainages as the filter and pouring filter it is necessary to apply
sand-gravel mix, clayite, slag, polymeric and other materials.
Drainage waters should be taken away on trenches or channels by gravity
flow. The device of water modular tanks with pump stations of swapping shall
be suitable when a relief of protected territory has lower marks than a water
level in the nearest water object where the superficial drain from protected
territory should be taken away.
5.26. As drainage pipes it is necessary to use: ceramic, asbestos cement,
concrete, ferro-concrete or polyvinylchloride pipes, and also pipe filters from
porous concrete or porous polymer concrete.
Concrete, ferro-concrete, asbestos cement pipes, and also pipe filters from
porous concrete it is necessary to apply only in non-corrosive relation for
concrete, soil and water.

On durability conditions the following maximum depth of the slope rate of

pipes with pouring filter and filling of trenches by soil, is supposed in m:

ceramic:
Drainage in 150 — 200 .......3,5
diameter mm
" " 300 " .......3,0
Sewage " 150 " .......7,5
" " 200 " .......6,0
" " 250 " .......5,5
" " 300 " .......5,0
concrete " 200 " .......4,0
" " 300 " .......4,5

Limiting depth of slope rate of drainages from pipe filters should be defined
on an ultimate load according to the features of used products in accordance
with the certificate of manufacturer.
5.27. On a surface of asbestos cement, concrete and ferro-concrete pipes is
necessary to define number and size of water reception apertures depending on
water throughput of apertures and the expense of the drainage, defined by
calculation.
Round of drainage pipes shall be provided filters in a kind of sand and gravel
pouring or wrappers from artificial fibrous materials. The thickness and
granulometric content of the sands and gravels should be selected by
calculation according to the requirements of the SNiP 2.06.14-85.
5.28. Release of drainage waters in water object (the river, the channel, lake)
is necessary to place in the plan at an acute angle to a direction of a current of a
stream, and its mouth part to supply concrete by head or to strengthen a stone
laying or rock fill.
Dump of drainage waters in the storm water drain is supposed, if throughput
of the storm water drain is defined taking into account additional expenses of
the water arriving from drainage system. Thus backwater of the drainage
system is not supposed.
It is necessary to arrange drainage viewing wells not less often than through
50 m on rectilinear sites of a drainage, and also in places of turns, crossings and
changes of biases of drainage pipes. Viewing wells are supposed to be applied
as precast ferro-concrete rings with a sediment bowl (depth not less than 0,5)
and the concreted bottoms in accordance with the TDS 8020—80. Viewing
wells on meliorative drainages should be accepted on the SNT 2.06.04-2004.
5.29. Drainage galleries should be applied when demanded fall of levels of
ground waters cannot be provided by means of horizontal tubular drains.
The form and the area of cross-sectional section of drainage galleries, and
also degree of punching of its walls should be established depending on
demanded water reception ability of a drainage.
Filters of drainage gallery are necessary for carrying out according to the
requirements of article 5.27.
5.30. The unwatering chinks equipped with pumps is necessary to apply
when fall of level of ground waters can be reached only by pumping out of
waters.
If drainage unwatering chink cuts some water-bearing horizons, in these
cases if necessary filters should be provided within each of them.
5.31. Self-streaming chinks should be applied to removal of superfluous
pressure in pressure head water-bearing horizons.
The design of self-streaming chinks is similar to a design of unwatering
chinks.
5.32. It is necessary to arrange water-absorbing chinks and through filters
when spreading soils of high water penetration with un-pressurized ground
waters positioned below of the water aquifuge.
5.33. The combined drainages should be applied in case of a two-layer
water-bearing layer at low penetration top layer and a superfluous pressure in
bottom or with lateral inflow of ground waters. The horizontal drain should be
put in top, and self-streaming chinks — in the bottom layer.
Horizontal and vertical drains shall be placed in the plan for distance not less
than 3 m from each other and connected by branch pipes. In case of drainage
galleries of a mouth of chinks it is necessary to deduce in the niches arranged in
galleries.
5.34. Beam drainages should be applied to deep fall of level of ground
waters in the conditions of dense building of flooded territories.
 5.35. Systems of vacuum drainage are necessary for applying in soils with
low filtrational properties in a case of drainage objects with increased
requirements to underground and land premises.

6. CALCULATIONS OF THE SUBSTANTIATION OF RELIABILITY

OF WORK OF SYSTEMS, OBJECTS AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF
ENGINEERING PROTECTION

6.1. Projects of constructions of engineering protection of settlements,

industrial platforms, farmlands and again mastered territories under building
and an agricultural production, except the calculations proving reliability of
constructions, should contain calculations:
Water balance of protected territory for a current state;
Water mode in conditions of backup of again created water basins or
channels, and also the engineering protection preventing the backwater of
ground waters;
The forecast of a hydro-geological mode taking into account influence of all
sources of flooding;
Transformations of soils and vegetation under the influence of the changing
hydrological and hydro-geological conditions caused by creation of water
objects and constructions of engineering protection.
To forecast changers in enviroment, medical and sanitary conditions,
sanitary and gigienic conditions.
6.2. At designing of engineering protection of territory in a zone of the salted
soils it is necessary to make salt mode calculation.
6.3. For territories of agricultural use with objects of engineering protection
in classes of I - III it is necessary to carry out calculations on increase of
fertility of soils by balance both analytical methods and methods of analogue
modelling.
6.4. At placing in protected territories of drying -moistening, drying
-irrigating and irrigating complexes it is necessary to make calculatrions on use
of ground waters for an irrigation.

7. REQUIREMENTS TO THE PROJECT OF INSTALLATION of

CONTROL AND MEASURING EQUIPMENTS (CME) IN
CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION

7.1. For systems of engineering protection in classes of I and II in difficult

hydro-geological and environmental conditions except CME for operational
supervision it is necessary to provide CME for special research works on
studying of change of parametres of a filtrational stream, change of a water-salt
mode of soils and grounds in time depending on an irrigation, drainage, action
of storm streams, lifting of level of ground waters in a zone of flooding, etc.
7.2. In the project of constructions of engineering protection it is necessary
to provide installation of CME for visual and tool supervision over a condition
of hydroconstructions, displacement of their elements and the bases, behind
fluctuation of level of ground waters, parametres of a filtrational stream, salting
of soils.
Duration of supervision depends on time of stabilisation of hydro-geological
conditions, a deposit of the bases of hydroconstructions and service life of the
constructed structures.
In the territories protected from flooding, it is necessary to provide the
piezometric network for supervision over a condition of ground waters and an
overall performance of drainage systems in whole and separate drainages.

8. EXAMINATION OF PROJECTS OF PROTECTION OF

TERRITORIES AGAINST INUNDATION AND UNDERFLOODING

8.1. Examination of projects of protection of territories against inundation and

under flooding is carried out according to the Sanitary code of Turkmenistan,
the Law of Turkmenistan “On Nature Protection”.
8.2. For examination the project of protection of territory from inundation and
under flooding shall be represented in common and simultaneously with the
project of the basic economic activities which influence resulted in inundation
and under flooding.
8.3. Besides medical and ecological examinations public examination of all
complex design engineering activities is obligatory to be down.
8.4. Representation for examination of a complex of design decisions on the
basic engineering actions and engineering protection of territories against
inundation and under flooding is carried out together by the developer and the
customer of the project.
 THE APPENDIX 1
Recommended

THE FEASIBILITY REPORT ON ENGINEERING PROTECTION ON

WATER BASINS

1. Economic feasibility of engineering protection is recommended to be

defined on a method of comparative efficiency. An indicator of comparative
efficiency of capital investments is the size of the resulted expenses.
From among the compared should be selected the variant with the minimum
resulted expenses.
2. The resulted expenses of Зз at simultaneous protection of agricultural
grounds, settlements, industrial and other enterprises are recommended to be
defined under the formula

Зз = ЕнКз + Из
Where En — the standard effectiveness ratio accepted at a rate of 0,12;
Кз — capital investments in building of constructions of engineering
protection of flooding lands, settlements, industrial and other enterprises;
И — annual costs for building of constructions of engineering protection of
the flooding lands, settlements, industrial and other enterprises.
3. The resulted expenses by an alternative variant of Зальт will make:

Зальт = Ен (Кальт.с + Кальт.п + Фост.п - Фреал) + Иальт.с + Иальт.п,

Where Кальт.с — capital investments by an alternative variant on agriculture;

Кальт.п — capital investments on preliminary building of the listed industrial
and civil constructions on a new place instead of their protection;
Фост.п — residual balance cost of buildings and constructions of the industrial
enterprises, settlements, iron and the highways which are in a zone of flooding
by the time of building of engineering protection;
Фреал — the sums of realisation of residual funds;
Иальт.с — annual costs for an alternative variant for agriculture;
Иальт.п,— annual costs at work of the listed constructions on a new place
instead of their protection;
The size of Кальт.с is recommended to be defined on the basis of calculation of
expenses for development of the new lands for an intensification of an
agricultural production with use of the areas out of a zone of flooding for
reception of the same quantity of agricultural production what gave by the
flooding lands at their intensive use.
The size of Кальт.с is defined by the direct account if the lands which will
accustom instead of flooding are in advance known. Otherwise the size of Кальт.с
is recommended to be defined under specifications of specific capital
investments in the land reclamation, confirmed by Ministry of Agriculture and
Water Management or under specifications on land development instead of
withdrawn on not agricultural needs, confirmed by the Cabinet of Ministry of
Turkmenistan.
The size of Иальт.с. characterises annual costs on the maintenance of
meliorative systems which will be constructed as indemnification for flooding
and inundation lands. If instead of the withdrawn lands will be entered re-
cultivated or the cultivated lands the size of Иальт.с is recommended to be
defined on size of the annual additional expenses necessary for finishing of
manufacture of agricultural crops on again mastered lands to planned level.
4. Realisation of large objects of engineering protection, especially
preliminary preparation of corresponding alternative variants, can be conducted
in many years. In this case economic efficiency calculations should consider
the factor of time. Thus expenses of different years it is recommended to lead
to any one basic year.
5. It is necessary to consider that in some cases engineering protection is
almost unique action providing preservation of territory or objects (especially
valuable agricultural grounds or unique objects which on a new place cannot be
restored, etc.). In this case economic efficiency of engineering protection is
recommended to be proved on a method of the general (absolute) efficiency of
capital investments.
6. Technical and economic calculations on revealing of an optimum variant
of engineering protection in various conditions of natural zones of the country
should be carried out with the taking into account:
Environment changes;
Changes in soil, vegetative covers and fauna;
Economic estimation of changes of an environment and resources of
adjoining territories;
Consequences of influence of a water basin;
The compensatory actions directed on restoration of natural systems.
7. Changes of naturally adjoining territories are necessary for revealing
taking into account natural, ecological, technological and economic
estimations.
The natural estimation should include comparison established (ecological,
climatic, hydrological, botanical, soil and others) changes with constant or time
variability of the same indicators.
The ecological estimation should be carried out by comparison of changes of
one indicators (speed of a wind, humidity of soil, an atmospheric precipitation
etc.) with others (biological and economic efficiency of meadow and wood
vegetation, passage by plants of phenological phases).
The technological estimation should provide consideration of the same
changes from positions of modern and perspective requirements of various
branches of economy, manufactures and kinds of activity of the person (rural,
fish, wood and hunting economy, a recreation etc.).
The economic estimation should include a damage from decrease (or effect
from increase) biological efficiency of agricultural grounds, meadows and
woods in adjoining territory.
 8. The most rational scheme of engineering protection of coastal territories at
creation of water basins of power appointment should be chosen, proceeding
from necessity of a covering of losses of land users and losses of an agricultural
production which are defined at the account of all kinds and scales of influence
of water basins on coastal territories.
At a substantiation of an optimum reorganisation of agriculture in the
conditions of creation of water basins and efficiency of various variants of
planned actions it is necessary to consider as prime following kinds of works:
Improvement and increase of fertility of soils on again mastered lands;
Land development of non-agricultural areas, occupied with bushes, cuttings
down, bogs and other not agricultural grounds taking into account work on
drainage and an irrigation, and also cultural-technical activities;
Use of the impounded lands, the shoal temporarily flooded and the
dehydrated lands of the tile water;
The organization of new lands.
9. At an estimation of economic efficiency of engineering protection it is
necessary to consider technical and economic indicators of solved economic
problems, indicators of economic development after realization of actions of
engineering protection and indicators of a possible damage - without carrying
out of protective actions.
At an establishment of economic efficiency of engineering protection of
coastal territories at creation of water basins it is necessary to consider:
Positive and negative influences of spent actions on an environment;
Economic and social interests of water consumers and water users which are
expressed in effect or in a damage of all interested and mentioned branches or
separate water users - participants of a water economic complex (ВХК);
System of the interconnected technical decisions, constructions, devices and
the actions providing action of elements of ВХК;
Distribution of the areas of a coastal zone and water area of water basins
between water consumers and water users taking into account their indicators
of interest and possibility most an effective utilization of water-ground
resources;
Possibility of decrease in recreational potential of protected territory and
water area. In necessary cases it is need to provide compensatory actions.

Note. At consideration the effect of protection as a part of total effect from

actions for a water basin as a whole it is necessary to carry out the calculations
defining the maximum increment of effect from performed actions.
The indicator of efficiency of systems of protective constructions should be
commensurable with a similar indicator of all water economic complex.

10. At calculation of a damage from inundation and under flooding it is

necessary to consider:
Withdrawal of ground grounds of an agricultural production;
Deterioration of the lands in connection with increase in duration of
flooding, under flooding, moving of terms or winter flooding of the lands;
 Change of efficiency of agricultural grounds and structure of crops, fruit
-berry plantings, herbage on haymaking and pastures and transformation of
grounds;
Economic development of adjustable inundated territory in the long term.
Thus additional expenses on reconstruction of existing meliorative system
should be carried to the compensatory expenses caused by creation of new
object.
At protection of inundation and under flooding farmlands at creation of a
water basin of power appointment except constructions of engineering
protection it is necessary to include constructions in structure of the project on
meliorative development of the territory which necessity is defined by
technology requirements on cultivation of stable and big crops.
11. At use of shoal without dyking for agricultural, recreational and other
purposes it is necessary to define expenses for performance of sanitary actions,
bogging liquidation, timely cleaning of vegetation, protection from pollution,
and also on increase of comfort of territorial and transport development of
zones of a recreation.
12. At use of the impounded lands without carrying out of protective actions
it is necessary to define operational expenses on having sat down vegetation,
preservation of natural fertility and creation of conditions for agricultural use.
13. Indicators of economic development of territory after realization of
actions for engineering protection should consider:
Efficiency of the protected lands increasing in time in connection with
increase of source efficiency of the most valuable lands;
Increase possibility of source efficiency in connection with realization of
regulation of a drain of water in protected territory;
Reception of additional agricultural production with water free lands as a
result of regulation of a drain of water of the agricultural and inundated lands;
Restoration of the ecological conditions, allowing to compensate a damage
affected to the nature by inundation and under flooding.
 Annex 2
Obligatory

CLASSES OF PROTECTIVE WATER RETAINING CONSTRUCTIONS

Maximum settlement pressure of water on

Name and characteristic of the territories a water retaining construction, m, for
classes of protective constructions

I II III IV
Residential
Density of an available housing of
territory of residential area, м2 on 1
hectare
More than 2500 * tо 5 tо 3 -
from 2100 to 2500 * " 8 " 5 tо 2
from 1800 to 2100 * " 10 " 8 " 5
Less than 1800 - More than More than " 8
10 10
Improvingly-recreational and sanitary- - - More than " 10
protective appointment 10
Industrial
The industrial enterprises with an
annual volume of output, billion manats.:

More than 12000 * tо 5 tо 3 -

from 2000 to 10000 * " 8 " 5 tо 2
to 2000 - More than More than " 5
8 8
Domestic-warehouse

Domestic-warehouse enterprises of city - tо 8 tо 5 tо 2

appointment
Other domestic-warehouse enterprises - More than " 8 " 5
8
Culture and nature monuments - tо 3 - -
* At a corresponding substantiation it is supposed to carry protective constructions
to I class if failure can cause consequences of catastrophic character for protected big
cities and the industrial enterprises.
 Annex 3
Obligatory

STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS OF RESEARCHES FOR VARIOUS

DESIGN STAGES OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF
FARMLANDS

Scales of graphical enclosures of

Research materials Working
Scheme Design project,
working
documentation
Maps
1. Hydro-geological 1:500000- 1:100000- 1:10000
1:200000 1:50000
2. Hydro-geological -meliorative 1:500000- 1:100000- -
division into districts 1:200000 1:50000
3. Engineering-geological division 1:500000- 1:100000- -
into districts 1:200000 1:50000
4. Engineering-geological 1:50000- 1:25000 1:10000
1:20000
5. Operational resources of - 1:50000 1:10000
underground waters
6. Geology and litology complexes 1:50000- 1:50000 1:10000
1:20000
7. Hydriisogypsum and depths of 1:500000- 1:100000- 1:10000
the ground waters 1:200000 1:50000
8. Divisions into districts under 1:500000- 1:100000- 1:10000
filtrational schemes 1:200000 1:50000
9. Forecast operational resources of 1:500000- 1:100000- -
underground waters 1:200000 1:50000
10. Deposits of building materials 1:500000- - -
1:200000
11. Schemes of agricultural 1:500000- - -
building 1:200000
12. Soil 1:200000- - -
1:100000
13. Soil-meliorative - 1:25000 1:10000
14. Salting - 1:10000 1:5000-1:2000
15. Topographical 1:500000- 1:50000-1:25000 1:10000-1:2000
1:100000
16. Ecological estimation of 1:500000- 1:50000-1:25000 1:10000-1:2000
environment 1:100000
Other materials
17. engineering-geological and According to the report
hydrogeological cross sections
18. Salting diagrams of breeds of a Same
zone of aeration
19. Schedules of fluctuations of "
levels of ground waters
20. Engineering-geological and "
hydro-geological materials
21. Researches on unsalting "
activities of the salted soils on the
tested platforms (monoliths)
typical for the soil massive
22. Researches of water-physical "
properties of soils
23. Materials of soil-meliorative "
researches
24. The climatic characteristic of According to the design
area of the protected lands
25. The hydrological characteristic Same
of the rivers and reservoirs in
protected territory
1
Scales of cross-sections should be co-ordinated with the scale of cards answering to
corresponding design stages.
 Annex 4
Informational

TERMS USED IN THE PRESENT SNT

Engineering protection — a complex of engineering constructions, the

technical, organizational-economic and socially-legal actions providing
protection of objects of a national economy and territory from inundation and
under flooding, from bank broken and landslide processes.
Systems of engineering protection of territory from inundation and
underflooding — the hydraulic engineering constructions of different function
united in uniform territorial system, providing engineering protection of
territory against inundation and under flooding.
Objects of engineering protection — separate constructions of engineering
protection of the territories providing protection of economic objects,
settlements, farmlands and natural landscapes from inundation and under
flooding.
Under flooding— increase of level of underground waters and humidifying
of soils the aeration zones leading to infringement of economic activities in
given territory, to change of physical and physical-chemical properties of
underground waters, transformation of soils, specific structure, structure and
efficiency of a vegetative cover, transformation of habitats of animals.
Inundation— formation of a free water surface on a site of territory as a
result of increase of level of a waterway, a reservoir or underground waters.
Technogenic inundation and under flooding — inundation and under
flooding of territory caused as a result of building and industrial activity.
Zone of backup of underground waters — area over a water-bearing layer in
which there is an increase of a free surface of underground waters in case of
them of backup, for example, of a water basin, the river etc.
Flooding zone — the territory which is exposed to flooding as a result of
building of water basins, other water objects and building or as a result of
influence of any other economic activity.
Sub-zones of strong, moderate and weak flooding — the impounded natural
territories subdivided on:
Sub-zone of strong flooding with the level of ground waters coming nearer
to a surface (1 meter and less) and accompanied by process of bogging and
salting of the top horizons of soil;
Sub-zone of moderate flooding with level of ground waters in limits from1 ,
2—1,5 m to 2,5-3,0 m from a surface with processes of meadow and salting of
average horizons of soil;
Sub-zone of weak flooding with level of ground waters in limits from 3,0—
5,0 meter — in an arid zone with processes of gleization and salting of the
bottom horizons of soil.
Degree of atmospheric humidifying of territory (factor of an underground
drain) — a share of the atmospheric precipitation absorbed by soil and feeding
underground waters of given area or territory.
 Natural systems — spatially limited set of functionally interconnected live
organisms and the environment surrounding them, characterised by certain laws
of a power condition, an exchange and circulation of substances.
Hydrographic network — set of the rivers and others constantly and
temporarily operating waterways, and also reservoirs within any territory.
 CONTENT

1.GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. CLASSES OF CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION
3. REQUIREMENTS TO DESIGNING OF OBJECTS
AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION
Protection of territories against flooding
Artificial increase of a surface of territory
Regulation and tap of a surface water from protected territory
Protection of territory against under flooding
Nature protection, sanitary-and-hygienic and anti-parasitic requirements
Recreational requirements
4. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS TO MATERIALS OF
ENGINEERING RESEARCHES
5. PROTECTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AND SYSTEMS
Dyking dams
Hillside channels
Pump stations
Drainage systems and drainages
6. CALCULATIONS OF THE SUBSTANTIATION OF RELIABILITY
OF WORK OF SYSTEMS, OBJECTS AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF
ENGINEERING PROTECTION
7. REQUIREMENTS TO THE PROJECT OF INSTALLATION of
CONTROL AND MEASURING EQUIPMENTS (CME) IN
CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION

8. EXAMINATION OF PROJECTS OF PROTECTION OF

TERRITORIES AGAINST INUNDATION AND UNDERFLOODING

Annex 1 Recommended
THE FEASIBILITY REPORT ON ENGINEERING PROTECTION ON
WATER BASINS
Annex 2 Obligatory
CLASSES OF PROTECTIVE WATER RETAINING CONSTRUCTIONS
Annex 3 Obligatory
STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS OF RESEARCHES FOR VARIOUS
DESIGN STAGES OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION OF FARMLANDS
Annex 4 Informational
TERMS USED IN THE PRESENT SNT
The Ministry of Building and Industry of Construction Materials of
Turkmenistan
 Building norms of Turkmenistan
Engineering protection of areas against inundation and under flooding.
Codes of design

Developed by the Turkmen State Water-economy Scientific and

Production and Project Institute of Turkmensuvylymtaslama at the
Ministry of Water Economy of Turkmenistan.

Head of developing group: candidate of geological and meliorative

sciences Batirshin M.M.
Responsible executor: geological engineer Faynberg F.F,

Prepared for approval by the Management of science, project works,

new technologies and information at the

Prepared for publishing by the Informational-Calculating Center at the Ministry

of Building and Industry of Construction Materials of Turkmenistan.

Technical editor  V.P. Krohmal

Signed for publishing on 25.10.2004

format 60х84 1/8 printed pages.
Number of copies 100 pieces.