Integración por sustitución trigonométrica.

INTEGRACION POR SUSTITUCION TRIGONOMETRICA (EJERCICIOS)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 sec 2𝜃𝑑𝜃
1. ∫ 2 2 = ∫ 𝑥 2√𝑥 2+4 = ∫ (2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)2(2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)+4 =
𝑥 √𝑥 −4
a=2 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝑥 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝜃
∫ 4 tan 𝜃√4𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃+4 =∫ =∫ =
(2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)2 √(2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)2 +4 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+4
𝑥𝑚 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2−1 𝜃𝑑𝜃
= 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃𝑑𝜃 2 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝑥𝑛 ∫ 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃√4𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃+1 = ∫ 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃√4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝜃 = ∫ 4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = ∫ 9𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 =
1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 1 1 𝑑𝑢 −1
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 ∫
4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
𝑑𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ ∫ 2
4 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 4 4 𝑑 4
∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 =
4 ∫ 2 𝑑𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1 𝑢2+1 1 𝑢−1 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 1 1
[ ]= = 𝜃= + 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 + 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 =
n=2 4 −2+1 4 −1 4 −1 4 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 4
1 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎 √𝑥 2 +4
n+1 = 2+1 = 3 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 = =
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑥

𝑑𝑥
2. ∫ √36 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ = ∫ √36 − (3𝑐𝑜𝑠)2 =
√36−𝑥 2

∫ √36𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 = ∫ √3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 36𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 =

+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑑𝜃 36
36 ∫ 36𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 36 ∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝑑𝜃 =
2 2
1
18 ∫ 𝑑𝜃 + 18𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑑𝜃 = 18𝜃 + 18 [ 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃] = 18𝜃 + 9𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃 +
2
𝑐 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃

3. ∫ = ∫ =∫ =
= 3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑥 2√𝑥2 +9 (3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)2 √(3𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 )2 +9 9+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃√9𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+9
1
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝜃 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ∫ 9𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝜃 = 9 ∫ = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃
= ∫ = 𝑢−2 𝑑𝑢 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 9 9 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 9
a=3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2
1 𝑢−2+1 1 𝑢−1 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 1 1 √𝑥 2 +9
= = = + 𝑐 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 + 𝑐 = +𝑐
9 −2+1 9 −1 9 −1 9𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 9 𝑥