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a to m s do n o t ha v e e n o u g h t im e o r e n e rg y to r e a rr a n g e fo r

c ry s t a Į n u c te a t io n T h e liq u id re a c he s th e g la s s t r a n s it io n

7 d so lid ifie s as a m t is le s s
e t a llic g la s s ı
te m p e ra tu r e g
a n

b r itt le t h a n o x id e g la s s a n d Lo o k s lik e a m e ta l o pa q u e g ra y

s h in y a n d s m o o th (F ig 1)

n t h e t ig h t ly p a c k e d g la s s y
ı s t ru c tu r e th e d is p la c e m e n t o f

a to m s (e g To acco m m o d a te a d is lo c a t io n ) is o b s tru c te d A

m e ta llic g la s s t h e r e fo re a b s o r b s Le s s e n e rgy u po n s t re s s

in d u ce d d e fo rm a t io n t h r o u gh da m p in g an d re tu rn s m o re by

re bo u n d in g e la s t ic a lly t o it s in it ia l s h a p e W it h n o c ry s t a l

d e fe c t s m e c ha n ic a l p r o p e r t ie s co m b in e to p r o du ce a m a t e r ia l
F ig 1 A p le F Liq u id m e ta l T e c h n o lo g ie s Z r b a s e d m e ta tlic g ł
a ss
w it h t h e fo llo w in g p r o p e r t ie s sa m o

S tr e n g t h (tw ic e t h a t o f s t a in le s s s te e l b u t Į ig h t e r )
a r dne s s ( for su r f ac e co a t i ng s ) H o w ev e r t o e n a b le b u lk m o ld in g t h e fo c u s h a s b e e n o n

ou g hne s s ( o m r e f ra c t u r e r e s i st a n t th a n c e r am i cs ) ;a n d s lo w in g co o lin g ra t e s t o in c r e a s e t h e c r it ic a l c a s t in g t h ic k n e ss

l as t i ci ty (hi gh yi el d st r e n g th). G la s s fo r m in g c r it e r ı
a

r s lo w lliz a t io k in t ic s a n d
T he bse f g r a in b o d a r ie T h e ke y p ir ic a l c r it e r ia fo c ry s t a
l is e
a n ce o u n s m e a n s t h a t t h e m a t e r ia e m n

r e s is t a n t t o c o r r o s io n d ll a s p o s s e s s in ft t h e r e fo r e s ta b iĮ iz e d su pe r c o o le d liq u id s ta te a n d h ig h g la s s
a n w e a r a s w e g so a

m a g n e t ic p r o p e r t ie s s p e c ific a lLy in t h e a lĮo y s o f g la s s fo rm e rs fo rm in g a b ility in c lu d e

(B S i P )a d fe t a ls (F e N i) lt i t a llo f t h re o r e e le m e n ts
n rro u s m a g n e t ic t r a n s it io n m e C o M u co m po n e n ys o e o r m

H ig h e le c t r ic a l r e s is t iv it y le a d s t o Į o w e d dy c u r re n t Įo ss e s in c re a s e d co m p le x it y a n d s iz e o f th e c ry s t a lu n it c e lĮ

Ea sy g n e t iz a t io d de llo lo lo du c e s t h e e n e r g e t ic a dv f fo in g o rd e re d
m a n a n m a g n e t iz a t io n a w s w e r ss e s re a n ta ge o rm a n

in a p p lic a t io n s o pe r a t io n a t h ig h t e m pe ra t u r e s w it h m in im a l s t ru c t u re o f lo n ge r ra n g e p e r io d ic it y t h a n th e a to m ic

flu x de n s it y r e d u c t io n a n d a n n e a lin g in t e r a c t io n s

C r it ic a l c a s tin g t h ic k n ess A to m ic ra d iu s m is m a t c h b e t w e e n e le m e n t s A r fr g re a te r

H e a t co n d u c t io n i5 s lo w in t h e se m a t e r ia ls ho w e v e r so th a t tha n 12 % le a d s t o a h ig h e r p a c k in g d e n s it y a n d sm a lle r

th e re q u is it e co o Į in g ra te c a n o n ly b e a c h ie v e d fo r a v e ry fr e e v o lu m e in t h e Į iq u id s ta te c o m p a re d w it h m e t a llic

sm a ll c r it ic a l c a s t in g t h ic k n e ss T h is p r e c lu d e s b u lk m o ld in g m e lt s a n d re q u ir e s a g r e a te r v o lu m e in c re a s e fo r

a n d th e re fo re s t ru c t u ra l a p p lic a t io n s c ry s t a lliz a t io n

H ig h v e lo c it y o xy ge n fu e l (H V O F ) t h e rm a l s p r a y in g a p p lie s N e g a t iv e he a t o f m ix in g b e t w e e n th e m a in e Įe m e n ts

lo w fr ic t io n h ig h h a r d n e ss su r fa ce co a t in g s t o m a ke in c re a s e s t h e e n e r g y b a r r ie r a t t h e Liq u id so lid in t e r fa ce

m a t e r ia ls su ch a s Fe A l a n d T ico r r o s io n w e a r a n d he a t a n d de c re a s e s a t o m ic d iffu s iv it y (in c re a s in g t h e

r e s is t a n t in h a rs h a p p lic a t io n s su c h a s m a r in e e qu ip m e n t e q ilib r iu
u m m e lt v is c o s ity t o t h r e e o rd e rs o f m a g n it u d e
d r illin g m ac h in e ry a n d p ip e s C o a t in g s g e t h a rd e r s lic ke r a n d g re a te r th a n b in a ry a llo y s ); t h is re t a r d s lo ca l a to m ic

m o r e w e a r r e s is t a n t w it h u s e S u r fa ce h a rd n e ss i5 1 0 2 0 % re a r r a n ge m e n ts a n d th e c ry s t a ln u c \e a t io n ra te e x te n d in g
th a n e le c t r o p Įa t e d h ro T he l e x p a n s io n is th e s u pe le d Į iq u id t e r a t u r e ra n
g re a t e r c m e rm a rc o o m pe ge
s im ila r t o s te e l g iv in g h ig h r e s is t a n c e to t h e r m a l a n d Įo a d U s in g a n a llo y co m p o s it io n c lo s e t o a d e e p e u t e c t ic fo r m s

cyc lin g a liq u id s ta b le a t Lo w te m pe ra tu re s

In t h e 1 9 7 0 s A llie d s ig n a l d e v e lo p e d a n o th e r m e a n s o f S lo w e r c ry s t a lliz a t io n a Į\o w s a d e c re a s e d c r it ic a Į cooling ra t e

fo rm in g m e ta llic g la s s M o lt e n Fe N i P B is p o u re d o n to a a n d e n a b le s s ta b le b u lk m e t a llic a s s fo
gŁ r m a t io n a n d

s p in n in g c a s t in g w h e e l to p ro d u ce a co n t in u o u s r ib b o n t e n s fa b r ic a t io n by co n v e n t io n a l c a s t in g t e c h n iq u e s

o f m ic r o n s t h ic k T h is p r o cess w as co m m e r c ia liz e d a s M e t g la s

in t h e e a r ly 1 9 8 0 s fo r m a g n e t ic a p p lic a t io n s su c h as Įo w lo ss B u lk m e t a llic g la ss s ca le s u p
po w e r d is t r ib u t io n t r a n s fo r m e r c o re s A Įt e rn a t iv e Įy d r o p le t s In 1 9 6 9 C h e n a n d T u rn b u uz fo rm e d a m o r p h o u s s p h e re s o f

a re q u ic k fr o ze n o n to a c o ld su r fa c e b y s p la t co o lin g t e r n a ry P d M S i (w it h M - Ag C u o r A u )a t c r it ic a lco o lin g

M a rc h 2004 m o te rio ls to do g

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