II/IV ECE(1,2)

SUBJECT:- Signals and System

UNIT-1
1. (a) A rectangular function defined by [10M]
f(t)= 1 0 < t < π
−1 π < t < 2π
Approximate above rectangular function by a single sinusoid sin t, Evaluate Mean
square error in this approximation. Also show what happens when more number of
sinusoidal are used for approximations.

2. (a) Write the significance of spectral analysis in communication systems.

(b) Explain how a function can be approximated by a set of orthogonal functions.
(c) Derive the expression by which the Mean square error can be evaluated.

3. (a) Define Mean square error and derive the expression for evaluating Mean
square error.
(b) A rectangular function defined as,

Approximate above function by A Cos t between the intervals (0,2π) such that
mean square error is minimum.

4. (a) Write short notes on “Orthogonal functions”.

(b) Define the following Elementary signals
i. Real Exponential Signal
ii. Continuous time version of a sinusoidal signal and Bring out the relation
between Sinusoidal and complex exponential signals.

UNIT-2
1. (a) Find the exponential Fourier series and plot the magnitude and phase spec-
trums for the full wave rectified sine wave the following figure
Figure

(b) Explain the conditions under which any periodic waveform can be expressed
using Fourier series.

2. (a) Obtain the trigonometric Fourier series for the half wave rectified sine wave
Shown in figure
Figure

(b) Explain the significance of waveform symmetry in Fourier analysis.

3. Find out the exponential Fourier series for the impulse train and plot its magnitude
and phase spectrum and find the normalized average power of the signal shown
below the figure
Figure :

4. (a) State the properties of Complex Fourier series.

(b) Determine the Fourier series of the function shown in figure

UNIT-3
1. (a) Find out the Fourier transform of the periodic pulse train shown in the following
figure.
Figure
(b) Find out the Fourier transform of the Cosine wave x(t)=A Cos(2πfct) u(t).
Hence plot its amplitude spectrum.

2. Obtain the Fourier transform of the trapezoidal pulse shown in the following
Figure

3. (a) Prove that Sinc(0)=1 and plot Sinc function.

(b) State and prove Parseval’s power theorem.

4. Determine the inverse Fourier transform of the spectrum shown in figure

Figure :
 UNIT-4
1. (a) Explain the characteristics of an ideal LPF. Explain why it cannot be realized?

(b) A resistive network formed by two resistors R1 and R2 is used as an attenuator

to reduce the voltage applied at terminals ab by a factor R2/R1+R2.Resistors R1 and
R2 have stray capacitances across them of magnitude C1 andC2 respectively, as
shown in the figure4b. What should be the relationship between R’s and C’s in order
to have distortion less transmission?

2. (a) Explain the deference between a time invariant system and time variant
system? Write some practical cases where you can find the systems. What do you
understand by the filter characteristics of a linear system? Explain the condition of
causality?

3. (a) What is an LTI system? Explain its properties. Derive an expression for the
Transfer function of an LTI system.

(b) Obtain the conditions for the distortion less transmission through a system.
What do you understand by the term signal bandwidth?

4. Consider the inter connection of LTI system depicted in figure

Figure:

Here h(t) is an in part (a). Determine the output y(t) when input x(t) is again
given figure above, using the convolution integral.