VRUIENES

UNIVERSE
LROSA MTSEYS
SOLAR SYSTEM
LAGXISEA
GALAXIES
IARSDSETO
ASTEROIDS
NSETPAL
PLANETS
GBI BNGA
BIG BANG
GNORII
ORIGIN
SORETEHI
THEORIES
Creation Myths
A symbolic narrative of the
beginning of the world as
understood by a culture.
 Scientific Theories
Big Bang Theory
- Proponents are Alexander Friedmann and
Georges Lamaitre
- Universe started from a great explosion
(Singularity- tiny, dense, hot mass)
- 13. 7 billion years ago
Scientific Theories
 Fundamental forces
1. Strong force
- Short Ranges (10^-13 cm) attractive force
which binds the nucleus.
- atoms
 Fundamental forces
2. Electromagnetic Force
- Long-ranged force that binds atoms which
can either be attractive or repulsive.
- Electricity, magnetism, light
 Fundamental forces
3. Weak Force
- Short Ranged force present in Radioactive
decay.
- Conversion of neutron to proton and electron
 Fundamental forces
4. Gravitational Force
- Weak, long-ranged, and attractive force which
binds the solar system
Fundamental forces
Evidences (expansion)
1. Galaxies moving away
2. Presence of Cosmic Microwave background
(left over radiation)
3. Abundance of Light elements (hydrogen,
helium and lithium)
 Steady State Theory
Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold and Fred Hoyle
(1948)
- Unchanging in time and uniform in space

1. Flatness
2. Monopole
3. Horizon
 Inflation Theory
Alan Guth, Andrei linde, Paul Steinhart and
Andy Albrecht
- Period of Exponential expansion prior to the
big bang

1. Flatness
2. Monopole
3. Horizon
 String Theory
“What came before the big bang?”

A theory based on the existence of cosmic

strings
 Evidences
GAWA KA TITLE PAGE BESHIE
Descartes’ Vortex Theory
Solar system was formed into bodies with
nearly circular orbits because of the whirlpool-
like motion in the pre-solar materials.
 Overview
• The solar system is located in the Milky
Way galaxy (a huge disc- and spiral-shaped
aggregation of about at least 100 billion
stars and other bodies)
• This galaxy is about 100 million light years
across (1 light year = 9.4607 × 1012 km)
 Overview
• The solar system revolves around the
galactic center once in about 240 million
years
• The Milky Way is part of the so-called Local
Group of galaxies, which in turn is part of the
Virgo supercluster of galaxies
 Overview
• Based on the assumption that they are
remnants of the materials from which they
were formed, radioactive dating of meteorites,
suggests that the Earth and solar system
are 4.6 billion years old
• On the assumption that they are remnants of
the materials from which they were formed.
Descartes’ Vortex Theory
Solar system was formed into bodies with
nearly circular orbits because of the whirlpool-
like motion in the pre-solar materials.
Buffon’s Collision Theory
George-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

Planets were formed by the collision of the sun

with a giant comet.
 Kant- Laplace Nebular
Theory
Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace

A great cloud of gas and dust, called Nebula,

began to collapse because of gravitational
pull.
 Jeans-Jeffreys’ Tidal
Sir James Hopwood jeans and Harold Jeffrey

The sun and planets were produced by different

mechanisms. The planets were formed from a
substance that was torn out of the sun.
 Solar Nebular Theory
The Solar system was formed as a result of the
condensation of hydrogen gas and dust referred
to as interstellar gas and dust cloud.
 Classification of Planets
1. Terrestrial Planets
2. Jovian Planets
 Terrestrial Planets
- Earth-Like
- Includes Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
- Also called the Inner Planets
- Composed of dense, rocky, metallic
Materials
 Jovian Planets
- Jupiter- like
- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
- Outer planets
- Often called gas planets because of they are
merely composed of hydrogen and helium
 Jovian Planets
- Jupiter- like
- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranius and Neptune
- Inner planets
- Often called gas planets because of they are
merely composed of hydrogen and helium
 Highlights
- There are different Theories to explain the
origin of the Universe, namely, Big bang
Theory, Steady state Theory, inflation theory
and string theory.
 Highlights
- Venus, Earth, and Mars are part of the inner
terrestrial or "rocky" planets. Their
composition and densities are not too
different from each other
 Highlights
- Venus is considered to be the Earth's twin
planet. It has a very similar size and mass
with the Earth. Mars is about half the
Earth's size.
 Highlights
- Orbital period and velocity are related to the
planet's distance from the sun. Among the
three planet, Venus is the nearest and Mars
is the farthest from the Sun.
 Highlights
- Rotational speed of Earth and Mars are
very similar. Rotational speed of Venus is
extremely slow. Venus, Earth, and Mars are
part of the inner terrestrial or "rocky"
planets. Their composition and densities are
not too different from each other.
 Highlights
- Abundance of liquid water on Earth, hence
the blue color. The Earth is a habitable
planet.
 Highlights
- There are different Theories to explain the
origin of the Universe, namely, Big bang
Theory, Steady state Theory, inflation theory
and string theory.
 Highlights
- There are several evidence supporting the Big
bang theory. This includes galaxies moving
away, presence of comic microwave
background radiation and abundance of
light elements.
 Highlights
- There are also several theories on the origin
of the Solar system which are Descartes’
vortex theory, Buffon’s collision theory, Kant-
Laplace’s nebular theory Jeans Jeffreys’ tidal
theory and solar nebular theory.
 Highlights
- Planets are classified based on their mass,
size, and location in the Solar system.
 Highlights
- Pluto was classified as a dwarf planet