MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Q1 What is a magnetic compass?

Ans A magnetic compass needle is a very light needle-shaped magnet being pivoted at its centre and free to
rotate about the pivot in a horizontal plane.
Q2 What will happen when two magnet are kept close to each other?
Ans When two magnets are kept close to each other they exert forces on each other, due to the magnetic
field created around.
Q3 What constitutes the field of a magnet?
Ans The space around a magnet within which its magnetic effect can be experienced constitutes
the magnetic field of the magnet.
Q4 Why does a compass needle get deflected when brought near a bar magnet?
Or When a magnet is brought close to a compass needle, the needle deflects. Give reasons.
(2013)
Ans Because the magnet produces a magnetic field and this exerts a deflecting force on the needle.
Q5 Write the properties of magnetic lines of force.
Ans The properties of magnetic lines of force are as follows.
(a) The direction of field lines outside the magnet is from the North Pole to the south Pole.
(b) They merge at the South Pole.
(c) The direction of field lines inside the magnet is from the South Pole to the North Pole.
(d) Magnetic lines do not intersect with each other.
Q6 How can you show that the magnetic field produced by a given electric current in the wire decreases
as distance from the wire decreases?
Ans If we take a magnetic field produced by a given electric current in the wire decreases as the distance
from the wire decreases. This shows that the magnetic field decrease as we move away from the current
carrying conductor.
Q7 Why don’t two magnetic field lines intersect each other? 2010
Ans If two field lines of a magnet intersect, then at the point of intersection, the compass needle points in
two different directions. This is not possible. Hence, two field lines do not intersect each other
Q8 When the force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is largest?
Ans The force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is largest when the
direction of the current is at right angles to the direction of the magnetic field.
Q9 How do we know the relative strength of the magnetic field produce by a bar magnet?
Ans The relative strength of the magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the field lines, being
closer in the stronger regions near the poles.
Q10 What is a magnetic field?
Ans The space surrounding a magnet where a magnetic force is experienced is called a magnetic field.
Q11 What do you mean by magnetic field lines (magnetic lines of force)?
Ans A magnetic line of force is a line, straight or curved, in the magnetic field tangent to which at any point
gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point.
Q12 Why does the bulk of iron fillings stick to the ends of a bar magnet and not at its centre ?
Ans: Because magnetic field is strongest near the poles.

MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED CURRENT CARRYING WIRE

Q13 What do you mean by magnetic effect of electric current or electromagnetism?
Ans When an electric current is passed through a conductor, a magnetic field is set up around it which exists
so long as the current flows in the conductor. This is called magnetic effect of electric current or
electromagnetism.
Q14 Describe briefly an experiment to show that a current carrying conductor produced magnetic field. Or
Oersted’s Experiment.
Ans Diagram on page 179 : Fig 9.6 ( compass needle is deflected on passing current through a wire)
Let us take a straight copper wire XY in an electric circuit. The position of the wire XY is et parallel to the
needle of the magnetic compass. Now on passing the electric current through the circuit by inserting key
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into the plug key. Observe the change in the position of the needle of the magnetic compass. Also
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observe the position of the needle in the compass after removing the key from the plug. We see that the

Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)

 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

needle is deflected when the current is made to pass through the circuit and it returns to the earlier
position when the current is cut off. Thus, the electric current through the copper wire produces a
magnetic field.
Q15 A magnetic compass needle is deflected when electric current is made to pass through the circuit and
it returns to the earlier position when the current is cut off. What does it mean?
Ans It means that the electric current through the wire produces a magnetic field.
Q16 What is the effect of increasing the current in a circuit?
Ans The magnitude of magnetic field will increase with the increase in current in a circuit.
Q17 What is the SI unit of magnetic field ?
Ans: OERSTED
Q18 Name the scientist who showed that electricity and magnetism are related phenomenon.
Ans Hans Christian Oersted .
Q19 How did Oersted discovered that electricity and magnetism are related phenomenon?
Ans Oersted in 1820 accidentally discovered that a compass needle placed and close to a metallic wire
carrying current got deflected. Through this observation Oersted showed that electricity and magnetism
are related phenomenon.
Q 20 What will happen when a current carrying wire is placed in a magnetic field ? (2012)
Ans It deflect .
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR CARRYING CURRENT
Q21 Describe briefly an activity to show the direction of the magnetic field produced by a straight
conductor carrying current .
Ans Diagram on page 180: fig 9.7 (a) and Fig 9.7 (b)
Let us take a long copper wire , a battery of two or three cells of 1.5 volts and a plug key .Let us connect
them accordingly. Adjust the position of the copper wire to and above the needle of the magnetic
compass. We insert the key in the plug key and observe the deflection of the north pole of the needle. If
the current flows from north to south, the north pole of the compass needle would move towards the
east.
When the cell connection in the circuit is reversed i.e. the current flow from south to north. The
needle moves towards west. Thus the direction of magnetic field produced by the current is also
reversed.
Q22 What happens to the deflection of the compass needle placed at a given point if the
current in the copper wire is changed?
Ans the deflection in the needle also changes.
Q23 A magnetic compass needle is placed just above an insulated straight conductor carrying a current
from North Pole to south. In which direction will the N-pole be deflected?
Ans N-pole will deflect towards the west.
Q24 A magnetic compass needle is placed just above an insulated straight conductor carrying a current
from South Pole to north. In which direction will the N-pole be deflected? (2014)
Ans N-pole will deflect towards the east.
Q25 A magnetic compass needle is placed just below an insulated straight conductor carrying a current
from North Pole to south. In which direction will the N-pole be deflected?
Ans N-pole will deflect towards the east.
Q26 A magnetic compass needle is placed just below an insulated straight conductor carrying a current
from South to north. In which direction will the N-pole be deflected?
Ans N-pole will deflect towards the west.
Q27 A current carrying conductor is placed directly over a magnetic compass needle perpendicular to the
axis of the needle. What will happen to the magnetic compass needle?
Ans Magnetic compass needle will not move.
Q28 On what factor does the direction of the magnetic field generated by current carrying conductor
depends?
Ans The direction of the current carrying conductor depends on the direction of current flow.
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MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR CARRYING CURRENT

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Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)

 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Q29 Describe an experiment to show the pattern of the magnetic field around a straight conductor
carrying current. OR Describe an activity to show that magnetic field pattern produces by a straight
conductor carrying current is concentric.
Ans Diagram on page 182: fig 9.8
Let us take a battery of 12 V , a variable resistance , an ammeter , a plug key and a long straight thick
copper wire and a rectangular cardboard with a circular hole at the centre. Let us insert the copper wire
XY through the hole in the cardboard so that it is normal to the plane of the board. Then connect the
copper wire vertically between X and Y . Sprinkle some iron filings uniformly on the cardboard. Close the
key and note down in the ammeter.
Now gently tap the cardboard a few times with the finger. We will see that the copper wire
remains vertical and cardboard is exactly normal to the wire. We will see that iron fillings align
themselves forming a pattern of concentric circles with the copper wire as centre. Thus, the pattern of
the magnetic field around a straight conductor carrying current is concentric circles..
In order to know the direction of the magnetic field, we plot the field lines with the help of a
compass needle.The direction of north pole of the needle would give the direction of the magnetic field
lines.

Q30. What happens to the deflection of the needle if the compass is moved away from the
copper wire but the current through the wire remains the same?
Ans The deflection in the needle decreases. Thus the magnetic field produced by a given
current in the conductor decreases as the distance from it increases.
Q31 What is the shape of the magnetic field produced when current is passed through a straight
conductor?
Ans The magnetic field produced is in the form of concentric circles in a plane perpendicular to the direction
of current.
Q32 How do we determine the direction of the magnetic field produce by a current carrying straight
conductor?
Ans By placing a magnetic compass needle at a point over a circle. The direction of North Pole of the needle
would give the direction of the magnetic field lines.
Q33 The shape of the magnetic field produced by a current carrying straight conductor is in form
concentric circles .What does this concentric circle indicate?
Ans They represent the magnetic field lines produced by the current carrying circular conductor.
Q34 How is the strength of the magnetic field at a point near a wire related to the strength of the electric
current flowing in the wire?
Ans The strength of the magnetic field lines increase with the increase in the strength of the electric current
and decrease with the decrease in the strength of the current.
Q35 Draw the pattern lines of force due to a magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor.
State how the magnetic field produced changes (i) with an increase in current in the conductor and (ii)
the distance from the conductor
Ans Diagram on page 182: fig 9.8
The magnetic field produced changes
(i) Strength of magnetic field increase with the increase in current in the conductor.
(ii) Strength of magnetic field decrease with the increase in the distance from the conductor.
Q36 Write the properties of magnetic field produced by a current carrying straight conductor.
Ans The properties of magnetic field produced by a current carrying conductor are as follows:-
(i) The magnitude of magnetic field increase with the increase in current.
(ii) The direction of the magnetic field depends on the direction of current.
(iii) The strength of the magnetic field decreases as the distance from the wire increases.
Q37 State Right Hand Thumb Rule to find the direction of Magnetic field around a straight conductor
carrying current .How will this magnetic field be affected on:
(i) Increasing current through the conductor increases the strength of the magnetic field.
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(ii) Increasing the distance from the conductor decreases the strength of the magnetic field
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 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Ans Right Hand Thumb Rule : Hold the straight conductor in your right hand such the at the thumb points
out in the direction of flow of current .The direction of curling of the fingers gives the direction of the
magnetic field lines around the conductor.
(i) Increasing current through the conductor increases the strength of the magnetic field.
(ii) Changing the direction of flow of current through the conductor changes the direction of the
magnetic field .However; the strength of the magnetic fields remains the same.
Q38 Write the rule which determines the direction of magnetic field developed around a straight
conductor when current is passed through the conductor.
Ans Right hand thumb rule: Hold the straight conductor in your right hand such the at the thumb points out
in the direction of flow of current .The direction of curling of the fingers gives the direction of the
magnetic field lines around the conductor.
Q39 State Maxwell’s corkscrew rule.
Ans Maxwell’s corkscrew rule :If we consider ourselves driving a corkscrew using a screw driver, in the
direction of advancing current , then the direction of rotation of corkscrew gives the direction of the
magnetic field.
Q40 How can you show that the magnetic field produced by a given electric current in the wire decreases
as the distance from the wire decreases?
Ans If we slowly take away a magnetic compass from a current carrying conductor, the deflection of the
compass decreases. This clearly shows that the magnetic field decreases as we move away from the
current-carrying conductor.
Q41 Suppose current flows along a horizontal conductor in south to north direction. What will the
direction of the magnetic field be at points (i) directly below (ii) directly above it.
Ans The current is in south to north direction. Applying right hand thumb rule, the direction of the magnetic
field, at a point below the wire, will be from east to west. While the direction of the magnetic field
above the wire will be from west to east.
Q42 Suppose current flows along a horizontal conductor in east to west direction. What will the direction
of the magnetic field be at points (i) directly below (ii) directly above it.
Ans The current is in the east-west direction. Applying the right-hand thumb rule, we get that
the direction of magnetic field at a point directly below the wire is from north to south. The
direction of magnetic field at a point directly above the wire is from south to north.
MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CIRCULAR LOOP CONDUCTOR CARRYING CURRENT
Q43 Describe an activity to show pattern of magnetic field due to circular coil of large number of turns
carrying current.
Ans Diagram on page 185: fig 9.11
Let us take a rectangular cardboard with two holes. Then wind a circular coil of fine insulated copper
wire through the holes so that winding is normal to the plane of the cardboard.
Let us connect the ends of the coil a battery through a plug key. Sprinkle some iron fillings uniformly on
the cardboard gently a few times with the figure. Note the patterns of the arrangement of the iron
fillings. The lines of force are circular near the wire but they become straight and parallel at the middle
point M of the coil.
Q44 “Every point on the wire carrying current would give rise to the magnetic field appearing as straight
lines at centre of the loop”. Explain.
Ans At every point on a current carrying circular loop, the concentric circles representing the magnetic field
around it, would become larger and larger as one move away from the common centre i.e. the
conductor. By the time when we reach the centre of the circular loop, the arcs of these big circles would
appear as straight lines .Thus every point on the wire carrying current would give rise to the magnetic
field appearing as straight lines at centre of the loop.
Q45 The magnetic lines of force produced by a current carrying circular coil are circular near the wire but
they become straight and parallel at the centre of the coil. Why?
Ans Because each small segment of the coil is surrounded by magnetic lines of force .At the centre of the
coil, all the lines of force add each other due to which the strength of magnetic field increases.
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Q46 How can the strength of the magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil can be
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increased?
Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)
 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Ans The strength of the magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil can be increased by
increasing the current and by increasing the number of turn.
Q47 How does the strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of wire depend on: (i) the
radius of the coil? (ii) The number of turns of the wire? (iii) the strength of the current flowing in the
coil?
Ans The strength of the magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil of wire depend on:
(i) Strength of the magnetic field increases with decrease in the radius of the coil.
(ii) Strength of the magnetic field increases with the increase of the turns of the wire.
(iii) Strength of the magnetic field increases with the increase in the strength of the current flowing in
the coil.
Q48 The flow of a current in a circular loop of a wire creates a magnetic field at its centre. How can
existence of the field be detected? State the rule which helps to predict the direction of this magnetic
field.
Ans The existence of the field can be detected with the help of a magnetic compass needle.
Right Hand Thumb Rule.
Q49 Draw the lines of force of the magnetic field through and around single loop of wire carrying current.
Ans Page : 184: fig 9.10 ( Magnetic field lines of the field produced by current carrying circular loop)
Q48 Applying right hand thumb rule, find out the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside a loop
of wire carrying current in the clockwise direction and lying on the plane of the table or the page.
Ans Since the current passes through the loop is clockwise, therefore, the front face of the loop will be South
Pole and the back face, i.e., the face touching the table will be North Pole. According to right hand
thumb rule, the direction of magnetic field inside the loop will be pointing downward. In outside the
loop, the direction of magnetic field will be upward.
Q50 If there is a circular coil having n turns, the field produced is n times as large as that
produced by a single turn. Why?
Ans This is because the current in each circular turn has the same direction, and the field due to each
turn then just adds up.
Q51 What is the direction of magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil carrying current in anticlockwise
direction?
Ans By applying Right Hand Thumb Rule, we find that a circular current carrying coil with
its plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper, magnetic field is along the axis of
the coil and is acting upward.
SOLENOID
Q52 What do you mean by a solenoid? (2013)
Ans A long cylindrical coil consisting of a large number of turns of an insulated wire is called a
solenoid.
Q53 On What factors does the strength of solenoid depends (2012).What does it indicate about the
nature of the field inside the solenoid ? 2013).
Ans Strength of solenoid depends upon:
(i) the current: larger the current the stronger is the magnetic field.
(ii) the number of turns per unit length : the larger the number , the stronger is the
magnetic field.
It indicate that strength of the magnet inside the solenoid are same.
Q54 How does a current-carrying solenoid behave?
Ans A freely-suspended current-carrying solenoid will come to rest in the north-south direction
just like a bar magnet.
Q55 What is the nature of magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid?
Ans The magnetic field around a current carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a
bar magnet.
Q56 What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field inside a current- carrying solenoid?
Ans The magnitude of the magnetic field is constant and acts along the axis of the solenoid.
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Q 57 Name the effect of current upon which electromagnet are based?

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Ans Magnetic effect of current.

Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)
 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

-Q-58 Are electromagnets permanent magnets?

Ans. No, they are temporary magnets.
Q59 Name the material used for making the core of an electromagnet.
Ans Soft iron.
Q60 Can we use steel, instead of soft iron, (in making the core of an electromagnet? Why?
Ans No. It is because of the fact that steel can’t be easily magnetized or demagnetized.
Q 61 Can we change the polarity of a permanent magnet?
Ans, No.
Q62 On what factors do the strength of an electromagnet depends? Or State two ways by which
the strength of an electromagnet can be increased. 2012, 2013
Ans The strength of an electromagnet depends on
(i) The number of turns in the coil –strength increase with the increase in turns.
(ii) The current flowing in the coil-if the current in the coil is increased the strength increase.
Q63 How does a solenoid behave like a magnet?
Ans A solenoid has a large number of close , insulated circular turns. The magnet at the centre of current
carrying circular wire is along the axis ;so when current is passed in a solenoid , the magnetic fields due
to all circular turns are added and hence the field line becomes just as for a bar magnet.
Q64 Explain briefly with an activity that one end of solenoid behaves as a magnetic north-pole, while the
other behaves as the South Pole, due to the passage of current.
Ans The free ends of the solenoid wire are connected to a battery through a key. When a current is passed
through the winding, a magnetic field is established. The magnetic field inside the solenoid is almost
constant in magnitude and direction. The pattern of the magnetic field is found to be similar to a bar
magnet. Thus, one end of solenoid behaves as a magnetic north-pole, while the other behaves as the
South Pole, due to the passage of current.
Q65 Draw sketches to show the magnetic lines of force produces by (a) a bar magnet and (b) a current
carrying solenoid. State one point of similarity between the two. 2014
Ans: TEXT BOOK. Both of them have a north pole and a south pole.
Q66 State three advantages of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet. 2015, 2018
Ans: Advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet are as follows:
a) It can be readily demagnetized by stopping the current.
b) Its strength can be changed by changing the current through the solenoid.
c) The polarity of an electromagnet can be reversed by changing the direction 0f current through
the solenoid.
FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
Q67 Describe briefly an experiment to show the force due to a magnetic field acting on a current carrying
conductor.
Ans Diagram on page 188 : Fig 9.15
Let us take an aluminium rod XY of about 2mm in diameter and about 5 cm in length. Using two plastic
rings suspend it from a fixed support through two light strings connected to these rings. Let us bring a
horse shoe magnet near the aluminium rod so that the North Pole lies on one side. Here, the line joining
the poles of the magnet is vertical and perpendicular to the suspended aluminium rod. We connect the
rod in series to the battery through the plug key K. Now pass a current through the rod the end X and Y.
We observe that the rod is pulled towards ‘F’. If we remove the magnet the rod will regain its original
position. On the other hand, if the current is off the rod will regain its original position.We can repeat
the experiment by reversing magnetic field direction i.e. with the south pole taking the position of the
North pole and vice versa. The rod will be pushed in opposite direction “F’” .Hence, only when the rod
of aluminium carries a current, the magnetic field exerts a force on it.
Q68 Why does a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experience force? Name the rule used
for determination of the direction of this force.
Ans The force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field is due to interaction between:
(i) Magnetic field due to current carrying conductor
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(ii) The external magnetic field in which the conductor is placed.

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The rule for determination of the direction of this force is Fleming’s Left Hand Rule.

Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)

 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Q69 Write the factors on which the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field depend?
Ans The factors on which the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field depends on the
length of the conductors, current and the magnitude of the magnetic field.
Q70 Can the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field is zero for some position of the
conductor?
Ans No force acts on such a conductor when it is placed parallel to the direction of magnetic field.
Q71 What will happen when a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field? 2012
Ans When a current carrying wire is placed in a magnetic field, a force acts on the wire.
Q72 When will the force experienced by a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic
field is Largest or maximum? 2014
Ans The forced experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is the largest when
the direction of the current is at right angles to the direction of the magnetic field.
Q73 Define Fleming‘s Left- hand Rule.
Ans According to Fleming‘s Left- hand Rule, stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of our left hand
such that they are mutually perpendicular .If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field
and middle finger points in the direction of current then the thumb will point in the direction of motion
or the force acting on the conductor.
Q74 Draw a labeled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working. What is the function of
a split ring in an electric motor? 2011
OR
What is an electric motor? With the help of diagram, describe the working of an electric motor.
Ans Diagram on page 189
Principle: An electric motor is a rotating device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy of a
rotating system known as the shaft .Anything connected to the shaft rotates with it.
Working : From Text books page 190.
Q75 What is the function or role of commutator?
Ans With the help of split ring commutator, the direction of the current through the coil gets reversed after
every half rotation of the coil. Thus the direction of rotating couple remains unchanged and the coil
continues to rotate in the same direction.
Q76 What are the uses of the commercial motors or electric motor?
Ans the uses of the commercial motors use (i) an electromagnet in place of permanent magnet (ii) large
number of turns of insulated copper wires in the coil (iii) a soft iron core on which the coil is wound.
Q 77 State the function of an electric motor. 2013
Ans: The function of electric motor is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
Q78 How do we increase the power of electric motor?
Ans We can increase the power of electric motor by the following
(i) By increasing the number of turns of insulated copper wires in the coil.
(ii) A soft iron core on which the coil is wound.
Q79 As compared to a small electric motor, what improvements are made in commercial
motors? Write three points.
Ans The commercial motors use (i) an electromagnet in place of permanent magnet (ii) large number of
turns of insulated copper wires in the coil (iii) a soft iron core on which the coil is wound.
Q80 State the function of an electric motor.
Ans To convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Q81 What is role of brushes in an electric motor. 2018
Ans: The role of brushes in electric motor is to allow the current to flow in and out of the coil.
Textual (page 187)
Ans1 Because if they cross, the compass needle would point towards two directions at the point of crossing
each other- which is not possible.
Ans2 The properties of magnetic lines of force are as follows:
(i) No two field lines are fond to cross each other.
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(ii) It is found to be closer in the stronger regions near the poles.

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Ans 3
Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)
 MAGNETIC EFFECT S OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Textual (page 191)

Ans (ii) Electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.
Ans (iii) With the help of split ring commutator, the direction of the current through the coil gets reversed after
every half rotation of the coil. Thus the direction of rotating couple remains unchanged and the coil
continues to rotate in the same direction.
Exercise (page 192)
Ans3 the magnetic field inside a solenoid becomes very strong...
Ans4 when a magnetic compass is placed near the wall, the N-pole of the needle will get deflects at right
angle to the original direction.Thus; we can locate a current carrying wire embedded in a wall.
Ans 6 A long cylindrical coil consisting of a large number of turns of an insulated wire is called a solenoid.

Ans8. With the help of split ring commutator, the direction of the current through the coil gets reversed after
every half rotation of the coil. Thus the direction of rotating couple remains unchanged and the coil
continues to rotate in the same direction.
Q Why does a compass needle show deflection when brought near a magnet?
Ans The compass needle shows deflection due to the magnetic force exerted on it by magnet.

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Prepared by :Ph.Gokul Sharma Lecturer in Physics ,Dept. Of Education(S)