The University of St.

Augustine for Health Sciences Library

http://my.usa.edu/ics/Library

American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide, 6th ed.

This guide is meant to provide basic examples of the APA citation style. As this guide does not include
every example possible, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (6th edition) for a more extensive understanding of APA citation. If you have any questions,
or you do not see the information you need, contact the Library (librarian@usa.edu).

Reference Examples
Book—Single Author
Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title. City, State of Publication: Publisher.

Example:
Jones, A. (1993). The lumbar spine, the cervical spine and the knee : testing and rehabilitation. Ocala, FL:
MedX Corporation.

Book—Multiple Authors
Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial, & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title. City, State of
Publication: Publisher.

Example:
Furst, G., & Gerber, L. (1985). Rehabilitation through learning. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services.

Book—Editor(s) as Author(s)
Format:
Editor LastName, FirstInitial. (Ed.). Year of Publication). Title. City, State of Publication: Publisher.

Example:
Williams, P., Bannister, L. H., Warwick, R., Dyson, M., & Gray, H. (Eds.). (1989). Gray’s anatomy. New
York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, Inc.

Chapter or Article within a Book

Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In Editor(s) LastName, FirstInitial
(Ed[s]), Title of Book (chapter page numbers). City, State of Publication: Publisher.

Example:
Wilder, R. L. (1993). Rheumatoid arthritis. In Schumacher, Jr., H. R. (Ed.), Primer on the rheumatic
diseases (86-89). Atlanta, GA: Arthritis Foundation.
 The University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences Library
http://my.usa.edu/ics/Library

Book—Edition other than the First

Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of publication). Title (edition). City, State of Publication: Publisher.

Example:
Snell, R. S. (2012). Clinical anatomy by regions (9th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Article from a Print Journal—One Author

Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume, page(s).

Example:
Gajdosik, C. G. (1991). Issues of parent compliance: what the clinician and researcher should know.
Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 11, 73-87.

Article from a Print Journal—Two or More Authors

Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial, & Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title
of Periodical, Volume, page(s).

Example:
Maluf, K. S., Sahrmann, S. A., & Van Dillen, L. R. (2000). Use of a classification system to guide
nonsurgical management of a patient with chronic low back pain. Physical Therapy, 80, 1097-
1111.

Article from an Online Journal—DOI (digital object identifier) available

Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue) , Page
Number(s). doi:#

Example:
Kelly, P. G., & Smales, R. J. (2004). Long-term cost-effectiveness of single indirect restorations in select
dental practices. British Dental Journal, 196(10), 639-643. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4811283

Article from an Online Journal—no DOI available

Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), Page
number(s). Retrieved from link.

Example:
Rosen, C. S., Henson, B. R., Finney, J. W., & Moos, R. H. (2000). Consistency of self-administered and
interview-based Addiction Severity Index composite scores. Addiction, 95(3), 419-424. Retrieved
from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199575558?accountid=35996

Article—Epub ahead of Print (Follow either with- or without DOI model above)
Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Title of Journal. Advance online
publication. Retrieved from link.
 The University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences Library
http://my.usa.edu/ics/Library

Example:
Pratt, M., Norris, J., Lobelo, F., Roux, L., & Wang, G. (2012). The cost of physical inactivity: moving into
the 21st century. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Advance online publication. doi:
10.1136/bjsports-2012-091810

Web Page
Format:
Author LastName, FirstInitial. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://Web
Address

Example:
American Physical Therapy Association. (2007). Professionalism. Retrieved from
http://apta.org/Professionalism/

Video Recording
Format:
Producer LastName, FIrstInitial (Producer), & Director LastName, FirstInitial (Director). (Year of
publication). Title [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio.

Example:
Hillman, S. (Director). (2011). Interactive Functional Anatomy [Motion picture]. United Kingdom: Primal
Pictures Ltd.

In-Text Citations*

If the author’s name is not in a direct quotation:

Use the author’s last name(s) followed by the year of publication and page number (or, if page number
are unavailable, use the section heading and paragraph number).

Example:
It has been demonstrated that “many intracellular cascades have been reported to affect autophagy”
(Subauste, 2009, “Signaling pathways,” para. 6).

If the author’s name is in the text:

Use only the year of publication and page number (or section heading and paragraph number).

Example:
Subauste demonstrates that “many intracellular cascades have been reported to affect autophagy”
(2009, “Signaling pathways,” para. 6).

*If a direct quotation is taken from a source with no page numbers, include a section heading and the
paragraph number. If using a paraphrase, page- or paragraph numbers are not needed.

For further APA citation examples, see also:

APA Style and the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Formatting and Style Guide