Anaerobic Digestion Process

Complex Organic Substrates

Anaerobic Digestion Process

HYDROLYSIS: Performed by hydrolytic bacteria (facultative anaerobes and

anaerobes)

Simple Substrates

ACID PRODUCTION: Including acetogenesis (facultative anaerobes and

anaerobes)

Acetate, Formate, CO2, CO, H2, Methanol, Ethanol, Methyl Amine,

Propionate, Butyrate

METHANE PRODUCTION: Methanogenesis

CH4 + CO2 + Other minor gases

 Stage I- Hydrolysis
Complex Carbohydrates Simple Sugars

Complex Lipids (Fat) Fatty Acids

Complex Proteins Amino Acids

 Stage II- Acid Production
Simple Sugars + Fatty Acids + Amino Acids

Organic acids, including acetate + Alcohols

Acetogenesis (acetate production):

Organic acids + Alcohols Acetate
 Stage III- Methane Production

Acetoclastic Methanogenesis
Acetate CH4 + CO2

Hydogenotrophic Methanogenesis
H2 + CO2 CH4

Methyltrophic Methanogenesis
Methanol CH4 + H2O
Overview of Microbial Transformation

72%
Biodegradable Acetate
waste 50 17%
100% COD %
Large Org acids CH4 and CO2
organic alcohols
molecules
13%
20%
H2 and CO2
28%

6
 Composition of Raw Biogas
Compound Composition%

Methane CH4 55–65

Carbon dioxide CO2 35–45
Nitrogen N2 0–10
Hydrogen H2 0–1
Hydrogen Sulfide H2S 0–3
Moisture Saturated
Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3.
 Types of Biogas Digesters & Plants

Selection of Appropriate Design and Type of Digester

depends upon
‰ Space

‰Existing Structures

‰ Minimizing Cost

‰ Available Substrate
Different types of biogas plant recognised by MNES (Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy)

™Floating-drum plant with a cylinder digester (KVIC model).

™Fixed-dome plant with a brick reinforced, moulded dome (Janata
model).
™Floating-drum plant with a hemisphere digester (Pragati model).
™Fixed-dome plant with a hemisphere digester (Deenbandhu
model).
™Floating-drum plant made of angular steel and plastic foil (Ganesh
model).
™Floating-drum plant made of pre-fabricated reinforced concrete
compound units.
™Floating-drum plant made of fibreglass reinforced polyester.
Floating‐drum Plants
 KVIC Model Biogas Plant Deenbandhu 2m3 model Family size biogas plant

A Pre-fabricated RCC based Krishna model Sintex make Pre-fabricated HDPE material
fixed dome Biogas Plant based 2m3 Deenbandhu Model Biogas Plant
Biogas plants at Ghaziabad Goshala
 Fixed‐dome Plants

Sources: http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/sources-energy/biogas-plants.php#,
http://bio-gas-plant.blogspot.in/2011/08/biogas-plant-pakistan-photo-gallery.html
Flexible ‐ Balloon Biogas Plants
Biogas Production and Purification
 Methane

Carbon dioxide
Upgradation of Biogas using
water
scrubbing technology
Hydrogen sulphide
(Enriching Methane)

Hydrogen and other gases

 Soaked Pongamia Oil Seed Cake

Soaked Jatropha Oil Seed Cake 19

A pictorial view of 20 m3/d capacity floating drum
biogas plant before start of feeding of oil seed cake

A pictorial view of same biogas plant after three

day of feeding of oil seed cake
20
 Orifice diameter: 6 mm
Area: 28.27 mm2
Gas pressure: 400 mm of
water
Gas flow rate: 4.75 L/minute
CH4: 53 %, CO2: 43 %
Orifice diameter: 6 mm
Area: 28.27 mm2
Gas pressure: 100 mm of
water
Gas flow rate: 2.38 L/minute
CH4: 65 %, CO2: 32 %

A view of flame on cattle dung produced

biogas

Methane
m3/kg TS m3/kg VS
Jatropha 0.394 0.422
Pongamia 0.427 0.448
21
A view of flame on oil cake produced biogas