Precision vs

vs. Comfort
Cooling
Alex Weimersheimer
Sales Manager
Liebert Cooling Business
Emerson Network Power
alex.weimersheimer@emerson.com
Precision Air Conditioning
Definition:
“Simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, air motion, and air
cleanliness
l li (filtration)
(filt ti ) ini a specified
ifi d area both
b th continuously
ti l and
d
accurately”

Cooling
Comfort vs. Precision Cooling
g
Comfort - Designed For People
- Emphasis on latent (moist) heat
- 1000 - 2500 hrs / year operation
- “Broad” range of temperature control

Precision - Designed For Critical Electronic Equipment

- Application critical
- Few or no occupants
- High sensible (dry) heat
- High density of heat
- Dedicated environment
- 24 hours / 365 days operation (8760 hrs / year)
- Precise control of temperature and humidity

Cooling
Reasons to protect
Mission Critical Space

z Temperature Swings
z Hot Spots
z High Humidity
z Low Humidity
z Dust

Cooling
Precision Cooling Basics
Temperature
?
75o ? ?
70o 80o

People Critical Systems

“Comfort” Cooling
“Precision”
Precision Cooling Basics
Humidity
50% ?
30% 70% ? ?

People Critical Systems

y
“Comfort” “Precision”
Cooling
Recent ASHRAE Document
z “Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments” -
January 2004
– Equipment
E i t Environment
E i t Specifications
S ifi ti
– Facility Temperature & Humidity Measurement
– Equipment and Facility
y Layout
y
– Equipment Manufacturers Heat & Airflow Reporting

Contributors: Computer Manufacturers, Support Equipment Manufacturers, Consulting

Engineers, Academic and Research Institutions, Data Center Design Software Companies

Available @ www.ashrae.org, Item Number 90431, or D90431

Cooling
Participating Equipment
Vendors/Organizations
g
z Cisco Cray Dell
z Fujitsu Hitachi H-P
z IBM Intel Lucent
z Motorola NCR Sun
z Telcordia Unisys

Cooling
Environmental Conditions Defined
“The conditions for Classes 1 through 4 are the result of consensus
among the many environmental specifications of manufacturers of IT
equipment.”
q p
z Recommended
– “Facilities should be designed and operated to target the
recommended range.”
z Allowable
– “Equipment should be designed to operate within the extremes of
the allowable operating environment. In addition to the allowable
d b lb temperature
dry-bulb t t and
d relative
l ti humidity
h idit ranges, theth maximum
i
dew point and maximum elevation values are part of the allowable
operating environment definitions”

Cooling
Environmental Class Definitions
z Class 1
– “Typically a data center with tightly controlled environmental
parameters (dew point,
point temperature,
temperature and relative humidity) and
mission critical operations; types of products typically designed for
this environment are enterprise servers and storage products.”
z Class 2
– “Typically an information technology space or office or lab
environment with some control of environmental parameters (dew
point, temperature, and relative humidity); types of products
typically designed for this environment are small servers,
servers storage
products, personal computers, and workstations.”

Cooling
Environmental Class Definitions
z Class 3
– “Typically an office, home or transportable environment with little
control of environmental p
parameters ((temperature
p only)………..”
y)
z Class 4
– “Typically a point-of-sale or light industrial or factory
environment……………”
z NEBS
– “In accordance with Telcordia GR-63-CORE and GR-3028-CORE;
typically a telecommunications central office with some control of
environmental p parameters (dew
( point, temperature,
p p and relative
humidity); types of products typically designed for this
environment are switches, transport equipment, and routers.”

Cooling
Equipment
q p Environment Specification
p
PRODUCT OPERATION

Class Dry Bulb Temperature (F) Relative Humidity (%) Max

Dew
Point
Allowable Recommended Allowable Recommended (F)

1 59 – 89.6 68 – 77 20 – 80 40 – 55 62.6

2 50 – 95 68 – 77 20 – 80 40 – 55 69.8

3 41 – 95 NA 8 – 80 NA 82.4

4 41 – 104 NA 8 – 80 NA 82 4
82.4

NEBS 41 - 104 64 - 81 5 - 85 Max 55 82.4

Cooling
 Comfort Cooling

Precision Cooling

Cooling
What Happens
pp in all
these applications if
conditions are not
maintained????

Cooling
 Comfort Cooling

Precision Cooling

IIncreased
d
Equipment
Failures

Cooling
 Comfort Cooling

Precision Cooling

Increased HVAC
Energy Use
Cooling
Heat Load Density
y
Mission Critical Space
160
140
120
Watts /
100
sq. ft
80
Residential /
60 C
Commercial
40 Space
20
0

Heat densityy in an electronics application

pp is
3 - 10 times higher than a typical office area
and going higher
Cooling
Precision Cooling Basics
Sensible and Latent Cooling

Sensible + Latent

= Total
Cooling
Sensible Heat Ratio ((SHR))

Comfort Precision
1.0 T t l
Total 1.0
1 0
0.9
Latent

0.65

Sensible

Occupied Areas Have Loads Equipment Rooms Have

which are 60
60-70%
70% Sensible 85 100% Sensible Loads
85-100%
(SHR = 0.6-0.7) (SHR = 0.85-1.0)
Cooling
Precision Cooling Basics
Air Movement

COMFORT A/C PRECISION A/C

600

400

200

CFM / TON
(Ai Flow
(Air Fl measurement:
t Cubic
C bi Feet
F t per Minute)
Mi t )
Cooling
Basic Air Conditioning Components

Cooling
Key Components for
Precision vs Comfort Units
Comfort Precision
Evaporator Coils Less Surface Area More Surface Area

Air Flow 200-400 CFM / Ton 600 CFM / Ton

Dehumidification Included, lower SHR Included, higher SHR

Cooling
Key Components for
Precision vs Comfort Units

Comfort Precision
Metering Device Capillary Tubes Expansion Valve

Humidifier Not included Included

Cooling
Key Components for
Precision vs Comfort Units

Comfort Precision
Reheat Not Included Included

Filters Disposable, Not Rated ASHRAE 20-40%

Temperature & +/- 5F +/- 1F, 2% RH

Humidity Control Cooling Season Only Year Round

Cooling
Cooling Capacity
72° F / 50% RH
72

Example:
E l 5-5-Ton
T Air
Ai Conditioning
C diti i Unit
U it
( 1 Ton = 12,000 Btu / hour = 3.5 kW )

Comfort A/C:
A/C:
Sensible Capacity = 3 Tons
Latent Capacity = 2 Tons

Precision A/C:
A/C:
Sensible Capacity = 4.5 tons
Latent Capacity = 0.5 tons

Precision AC Provides 30-50%

More Sensible Capacity
Cooling
5-Ton Precision Cooling Load
z 5-Ton with 0.90 SHR
z Sensible Cooling = 54,000
54 000 Btuh
z Latent Cooling = 6,000
Btuh
z Total Cooling = 60,000
60 000 Btuh

Cooling
5-Ton Precision Cooling Load with
Comfort AC Unit
z 7.5-Ton w / 0.60 SHR
z Sensible Cooling = 54,000
54 000 Btuh
z Latent Cooling = 36,000 Btuh
z Total Cooling = 90,000 Btuh

Requires 50% more total cooling capacity

no or little Temperature & Humidity controls
- More Energy Usage
Cooling
Cost of Operation
Precision vs Comfort Cooling
Assumptions:

* Each ton of cooling requires: 1 Hp (or 0.746 kW)

* Motors & Compressors are: 90% efficient

* Electricity costs: 6 cents / kWH

* Humidification Season: November - March (3650 hours)

* SHR = 0
0.9
9 for Precision unit

* SHR = 0.6 for Comfort unit

Cooling
Cost of Operation
Precision vs Comfort Cooling

C t per sensible
Cost ibl tton/year:
/
0.746 kW / ton x 8760 hrs / yr x $0.06 / kWH = $436/ton/yr
0.9 efficiency

Cost per sensible ton / year with precision unit:

= $436/0.9 SHR = $484/ton/yr

Cost per sensible ton / year with comfort unit:

= $436/0.6 SHR = $727/ton/yr

It costs $243 / ton / year more to run a comfort system.

Cooling
Cost of Operation
Precision vs Comfort Cooling
Cost of Re-
Re-Humidification:

Precision unit: SHR = 0.90

13,300 Total Btuh / ton
12,000
12 000 Sensible Btuh / ton
1,333 Latent Btuh / ton

Comfort unit: SHR = 0 0.60

60
20,000 Total Btuh / ton
12,000 Sensible Btuh / ton
8,000
8 000 Latent Btuh / ton

The difference is 6,667 Latent Btuh / ton

Cooling
Cost of Operation
Precision vs Comfort Cooling
Cost of Re-
Re-Humidification:

With the difference of 6,667 Latent Btuh / ton

Added cost is:

6,667 Btu / ton x 3,650 hrs / yr x $0.06 / kWH = $427/ton/yr
3,413 Btu / hr / kW

Total Cost:
Comfort Sensible Cooling: $243 / Ton / Year
Comfort Re-
Re-Humidification:+ $427 / Ton / Year
$670 / Ton / Year

Cooling
Precision Applications
Mission-critical applications require precision
cooling, even in smaller computer rooms.
– Lower design conditions (ambient temperatures)
– Higher sensible heat ratio
– Higher
g load densityy
– Humidity control
– Higher efficiency filtration
– Redundancy
– Year-round operation

Cooling
 Applications
Requiring Precision
Systems

Computer
Room Distributed
Processing
Computers

Telecom Cooling Industrial

Medical
 Applications
Requiring Precision
Systems

Labs
Clean
No Load Rooms
Precision

Film
Storage
Book
Tape/Diskette Storage
Cooling
Storage
Reasons to protect
Mission Critical Space

z Temperature Swings
z Hot Spots
z High Humidity
z Low Humidity
z Dust

Cooling
What happens
pp in all
these applications if
conditions are not
maintained?

Cooling
Problems Due to a Poor Environment
z Temperature Swings
– Thermal stress on electronic components
– Potential reduction of system life
z Hot Spots
– Thermal shutdown of system
z Hi h H
High Humidity
idit
– Condensation
z Low Humidity
– Static electrical discharge
z Dust
– Electrical short circuits

Cooling
Problems Due to a Poor Environment
z Temperature Swings
– Thermal stress on electronic components
– Potential reduction of system life
z Hot Spots
– Thermal shutdown of system
z Hi h H
High Humidity
idit All of these can
– Condensationlead to downtime
z Low Humidity
and
– Static electrical discharge
z Dust subsequent loss of
– Electrical short circuits
revenue

Cooling
Solutions for Precision Applications
z Mission Critical equipment/products are
most commonly associated with large data
centers . . .

Cooling
Solutions for Precision Applications
z But are also required in smaller areas which typically have precision heat loads
of 0 - 8 tons

Cooling
Questions?
Liebert Product Range

DataMate

MiniMate

Challenger

Himod

kW 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cooling
Liebert Product Range
g

DS - DX

DS - CW

ICX DX

ICS CW

kW 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cooling
Shelter & Small Cabinet Applications

Hisp

Hiwall

Hiline

kW 0 5 10 15 20

Cooling
Liebert XDFTM
z Cabinet With Integrated High Capacity
Cooling (11 kW Nominal Cooling
Capacity)
p y)
z Standard 19” Rack System
z 36 U Space For Servers
z 35” W x 46
35 46” D x 78
78.5
5” H
z 208/230V, 1 ph, 50/60Hz

Cooling
Liebert XDFTM
Sections
z Heat Rejection
z Cooling
z Electronic Equipment

Cooling
Liebert XDFTM – Features And Benefits
z Heat Rejection
– Air Cooled
• With Internal Condenser (Ducted)
• With Remote Condenser
– Water / Glycol Cooled
z Automatic Back-Up Ventilation Utilizing Room Air
z Intelligent Control
z Easy Installation
– “Roll
Roll It In And Plug In The AC Power Cords
Cords”
– Allows For Quick Deployment Of High Density Equipment Almost
Anywhere

Cooling
Air Flow – Normal Operation

z Horizontal Air Circulation In

Th Cabinet
The C bi For
F Optimum
O i
Cold Air Distribution

Cooling
Air Flow – Emergency Cooling

z Back-Up Ventilation Air Inlet

A Fl
At Floor Level
L l For
F Lowest
L Air
Ai
Temperatures
z Back-Up Ventilation Air
Exhaust On Top To Prevent
Re-Circulation And Air
Mixing

Cooling
Liebert XDFTM – Main Components
Condenser Fan Back-Up
Ventilation
Damper
Condenser Coil
Evaporator Coil
Control Panel
Fan
Back-Up
Ventilation Power Cord
Damper Connections

Scroll Condensate Pump

Compressor (Optional)
FRONT Cooling REAR
Liebert XDF – Main Components
Condenser Condenser
Fan Coil

Evaporator
Coil

Control Air Inlet

Panel (Back-Up Ventilation)

Air Exit
Evaporator
(Back-Up Ventilation)
Fans

Digital Scroll Power Cord

Compressor Connections
Front

Self Contained Liebert XDF

Cooling
 Liebert XDF – Controls
Power Cord
Connections
iCOM
1-10’ 120V 1 ph
Monitoring Option: Power Cord
(NEMA 5-15P)
5 15P)
-OpenComm EM
(No U Space) 1-10’ 208V 3 ph
-MP-S Access Servers Power Cord w/
(1 2 U Space)
(1-2 Locking Plug
(NEMA L21-30P)

Power Strips Options:

MP Basic Power Strip O ti
Optional
l UPS
10 Outlets – Factory Installed
8 Outlets – Field Installed GXT2
MP Ad
Advanced
dPPower P
PowerSure
S PSI
Strips
Cooling
Air Flow – Normal Operation

z Horizontal Air
Ci
Circulation
l i In I The
Th
Cabinet For Optimum
Cold Air Distribution

Self Contained Liebert XDF

Cooling
Air Flow – Back
Back--Up Ventilation

z Horizontal Air
Circulation Through
The Cabinet During
Back-Up Ventilation
F Optimum
For O i Cold
C ld Air
Ai
Distribution

Self Contained Liebert XDF

Cooling
Mission Critical Cooling
Challenges of Today
Ing. Alex Weimersheimer R.
Sales Manager – Liebert Cooling Business
Emerson Network Power
alex.weimersheimer@emerson.com
l i h i @
Cooling Capacity / Load Terms

z Tons
z Btu / hour
z kW
z Watts

Cooling
Cooling Capacity / Load Terms

z 1 Ton = 12,000
, Btu / hr = 3.5 kW = 3,500
, Watts

z 1 kW = 1,000 Watts = 3,412 Btu / hr = .29 Ton

Cooling
Tiers of Protection

Annuall
A 9’s
9 s
Class Customer Value
Downtime Availability

Protect Hardware
(3)
Tier 1 - Avoid Power Transients 8 hours
8.7
99.9%

Preserve Data
(4)
Tier 2 - Orderly Shutdown 52 min
99.99%

Increase Uptime
5.2 min –31 (5-6 )
Tier 3 System Critical to Business
sec 99 9999%
99.9999%

No Downtime
(7 - 8 )
Tier 4 - System IS the Business 3 to .31 sec
99 99999%
99.99999%

Cooling
ASHRAE - Environmental Class Definitions
z Class 1
– “Typically a data center with tightly controlled environmental
parameters (dew point,
point temperature,
temperature and relative humidity) and
mission critical operations; types of products typically designed for
this environment are enterprise servers and storage products.”
z Class 2
– “Typically an information technology space or office or lab
environment with some control of environmental parameters (dew
point, temperature, and relative humidity); types of products
typically designed for this environment are small servers,
servers storage
products, personal computers, and workstations.”

Cooling
ASHRAE - Environmental Class Definitions
z Class 3
– “Typically an office, home or transportable environment with little
control of environmental p
parameters ((temperature
p only)………..”
y)
z Class 4
– “Typically a point-of-sale or light industrial or factory
environment……………”
z NEBS
– “In accordance with Telcordia GR-63-CORE and GR-3028-CORE;
typically a telecommunications central office with some control of
environmental p parameters (dew
( point, temperature,
p p and relative
humidity); types of products typically designed for this
environment are switches, transport equipment, and routers.”

Cooling
Equipment
q p Environment Specification
p
PRODUCT OPERATION

Class Dry Bulb Temperature (F) Relative Humidity (%) Max

Dew
Point
Allowable Recommended Allowable Recommended (F)

1 59 – 89.6 68 – 77 20 – 80 40 – 55 62.6

2 50 – 95 68 – 77 20 – 80 40 – 55 69.8

3 41 – 95 NA 8 – 80 NA 82.4

4 41 – 104 NA 8 – 80 NA 82 4
82.4

NEBS 41 - 104 64 - 81 5 - 85 Max 55 82.4

Cooling
Adaptive Architecture

Reliability
Eliminate all sources of failure
from component to system level

Total Cost Flexibility

Lowest life cycle Provide path to respond easily to
cost to the customer Customers changing business needs

Cooling
Adaptive Architecture…
Delivers Best Technology for
Changing Environments

Stand Alone Modular Scalable Adaptive

p
Singular unit - Standard units with Flexibility with internal Reliability that can deal with
reliable & simple fixed sizes that worked modularity uncertainty from module to
together system
A unit with single
Cost savings by direction for growth Flexibility for changing
retaining initial requirements in capacity, density
investment and availability

Added redundancy Lowest Total Cost method for

capital and operating expenses

The next step beyond modular and scalable…ADAPTIVE!

Cooling
Adaptive Cooling
Architecture

Reliability Flexibility
• Optimal Redundancy • XD Cooling on Demand
• Two refrigeration circuits • Retrofit any floor, any
• Design for Reliability space, any time
• Extended Compressor life • Designed for the Future
• Open architecture • Extensive configuration options
• Room balance
• Extended fail safe operation Total Cost
• High Density cooling without • Significant Energy savings
introducing water in the • Operating Modulation for optimal energy consumption
room or rack • Cooling at the Source
• Minimal to zero Floor Space consumed
• Extends current infrastructure into the Future
Cooling
Reliability –
At the System
y and Compressor
p Level

A Refrigeration system
•Two complete refrigeration
circuits architecture designed to
•2nd circuit keeps running if 1st
circuit is down for
provide uncompromising
maintenance
•High pressure switch and low
maximum uptime of cooling
pressure transducer protects
compressor matched
t h d with
ith …

4 Y e a r C u m u la tiv e C o m p r e s s o r S ta r t/S to p s
Year 4 – Load @ 90%
140000

mpressor Cycles
… Compressor options that 120000

not only track the load in 100000

80000
the room p precisely,
y, but in Annual Com
60000
drive down the number of 40000

start/stop in excess of ½ to 20000

prolong the compressor life. 0

Circuits Single Dual

Compressor Single 2 w`/o unloading SH w/unloading Digital

Cooling
 Digital Scroll Capacity Modulation
z Takes Advantage Of Copeland Scroll Axial Compliance
z When Scrolls Are Separated Axially (~ 1.0 mm), No Gas Flow
z When Scrolls Are In Contact, 100% Gas Flow
z 10 100% Continuous
10-100% C ti Capacity
C it

1 mm
Scrolls Scrolls
S ll In
I
Separated Contact
– No Pump - Pumping

Full Capacity Full Capacity

Zero Zero
Capacity Capacity

4 11 7.5 7.5
Sec Sec Sec Sec
27% Of Full
F ll Capacity
C it 50% Of Full
F ll Capacity
C it

Cooling
Digital Scroll Capacity Modulation

Cooling
Digital Scroll Compressors
100
90

80
70

60
50 Load
40

30
20
Variable Capacity
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

3 year compressor warranty

Cooling
Application of Digital Scroll in Liebert
DS

z Better temp control by adapting to the load

z Improved reliability by avoiding cycling
z Better humidity control by adapting to latent conditions
z Lower operating costs due to more efficient operation

Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Adapts to Load
75°F/50% Return Air
120.0

110.0
BTUH

100%
+18%
100.0 Excess Capacity
sible Capacity
kB y

+13%
%
apacity,

90.0 Room Load

ensible Ca
Sen

80.0

70 0
70.0
Se

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient

Cooling
 Digital Scroll adapts to load
120.0
75°F/50% Return Air
110.0

100%
BTUH

100.0 90%
kB ty
nsible C apacit

80%
apacity,

70%
90.0 Room
Room Load
Load
S en
ensible Ca

80.0
Se

70 0
70.0

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Cooling
 Digital Scroll adapts to load
120.0
75°F/50% Return Air
110.0

100%
BTUH

100.0 90%
kB ty
nsible C apacit

80%
apacity,

70%
90.0 Room Load
60%
S en
ensible Ca

80.0
Se

70 0
70.0

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Cooling
 Digital Scroll adapts to load
120.0

75°F/50% Return Air

110.0

100%
BTUH

100.0 90%
kB ty
nsible C apacit

80%
apacity,

70%
90.0 Room Load
60%
S en
ensible Ca

50%
80.0
Se

70 0
70.0

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Cooling
 Digital Scroll adapts to load
120.0

75°F/50% Return Air

110.0

100%
cBTUH

100.0 90%
n s ib le C a p akBitty

80%
Room Load
apacity,

70%
90.0
60%
S en
ensible Ca

50%
80.0
Se

70 0
70.0

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Prevents Compressor Cycling
75°F/50% Return Air
120.0

110.0
BTUH

100%
100.0 Compressor Cycles
kBTUH kB
apacity,

90.0 Room
Load
ensible Ca

80.0

70.0
Se

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient

Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Prevents Cycling
120.0

75°F/50% Return Air

110.0

100%
BTUH

90%
100.0
kB ty
ensible Capacit

80%
Load 70%
apacity,

90.0

No Cycling
y g
Se
ensible Ca

80.0

70.0
Se

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient

Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Prevents Cycling
120.0

75°F/50% Return Air

110.0

100%
BTUH

100.0 90%
ity

80%
kB
ensible Capac

Load 70%
apacity,

90.0 Room
60%
Load
No Cycling
ensible Ca
S

80.0

70.0
Se

60.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient

Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Variable
Dehumidification
140.0
75°F/50% Return Air
Total Capacity
130 0
130.0
100% Capacity
24.8
120.0 kBTUH
a p a c it y , k B T U H

Moisture Removal 17.6

17 6
Sensible Capacity kBTUH
110.0
TUH
kBT
C

100.0
Latent = Total - Sensible
90.0

80.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Variable Moisture
Removal
140.0
75°F/50% Return Air

130 0
130.0

120.0
a p a c it y , k B T U H

Total Capacity
kkBTUH

110.0
CTUH

Moisture Removal
70% Capacity
kBT

100.0
Sensible Capacity
90.0

80.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient

Cooling
Digital Scroll – Variable
Dehumidification
75°F/50% Return Air
30.0

L t t Cooling
Latent C li
25.0
L a te n t C o o lin g , k B T U H

20.0 100%
15.0 Over Dehumidify

10.0

5.0

0.0
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Ambient, F

Cooling
Digital Scroll – Variable
Dehumidification
30.0
75°F/50% Return Air

25 0
25.0
Latent Cooling
L a te n t C o o lin g , k B T U H

20.0
100%
15.0

10 0
10.0 90%

5.0
80%
70%
0.0 60%
75 80 85 90 95
Outdoor Ambient
Ambient, F

Cooling
 Digital Scroll – Compressor Efficiency
15.0

14.0

67%
13.0
E E R , (B TU H /W attt)

83%
12.0

11.0 100%

10.0
Compressor Efficiency Increases
• At lower ambient temperature
9.0 • As
A compressor unloads
l d
8.0
85 87 89 91 93 95
Ambient Temperature

Cooling
Energy Comparison
75F/50% @70% Load, Columbus, OH weather
Annual Operating Cost Fixed Capacity Digital
Compressor Compressor

Cooling $3,060 $2,216

Humidification $2,516 $0
Total Cost $5,596 $2,216

60% Energy Savings

Cooling
Paradenser®

Clean out

Paradenser cutaway
views

Cooling
 Paradenser®

10 Ton 20 Ton 30 Ton 10 Ton 30 Ton

Module
35 kW 70 kW 105 kW 35 kW 105 kW

Cooling
Belts,, Motor Assembly
y
1. Belts
A. Adjust motor mount to
release tension
B Remove
B. R b
belts
lt

2. Motor Assembly
A. Remove nuts on bolts for
motor or motor mount
B. Remove motor

Cooling
Electric Panel
1. Remove electrical
connections
2. Remove mounting
screws
3.
3 Replace
ep ace co
component
po e t
Note: I can read the
wiring diagram with
out movingg the panel
p
up and down!

Cooling
Compressors
1. Remove the electrical and
pp g
piping
2. Remove the hold down
bolts
3
3. Bring forward and out

The additional refrigeration

components can be replaced as
before on all other systems

Cooling
iCOMTM
Intelligent Communications & Monitoring
Maximizes Availability iCOM Control

Cooling
And the Control…..

Small

Large
g

Cooling
iCOM
OMTM Control Board
Ethernet Port
Input Optos

CAN Ports

Flash Memory

Output Optos

Cooling
T & H Sensors plus…
Can be wall mount or mounted within unit
– Can have additional sensors on unit

Cooling
How about Unit to Unit
communications?
Up to 32 units, well…..
Basic Configuration - 2 units
U2U: CAT5 Cross-cable

Unit No. 1 Unit No. 2

Power
Two cables
Switch or Hub
U2U: CAT5

Unit No. 1 Unit No. 2

Cooling
 iCOM Controls

z Unit to unit communications networking up to 32 z N+1

units z Teamwork Modes
z Integrated switchover controls z Lead / Lag functions

Cooling
Advanced Configuration
g 5 units
with a Hub or Switch, and 1 remote wall mounted system display….

Power

Power

Switch or Hub

U2U: CAT5 x 6
CAN x 5

Unit No. 1 Unit No. 5

Unit No. 2 Unit No. 3 Unit No. 4

Cooling
The unit will also give the customer….

Cooling
Maintenance on time….

Cooling
Parts and pieces….

Cooling
A record of service….

Cooling
Who to call…..

Cooling
Adaptive Cooling Architecture

Retrofit
•Highest Reliability
Any floor
•Maximum Flexible Any space
Any time
•Lowest TCO
Pre-piping assembly
Heat Load
d

Rack Solutions
XDO
XDV Future Rack Modules
Incrreasing H

Supplemental Cooling
Overhead
Module
Rack or Room
XDC XDP

Floor Mount
Cooling
XDF Base Load
Liebert DS , Himod, PeX

Increasing No. of Racks

Cooling
Questions?
Agenda
z The Cooling Challenge
– Heat Trends, Higher and more Concentrated
– What Can Be Done To Deal With The High Heat Loads?
z Evolution Of High Heat Density Cooling
z Key Drivers for Data Center Mission-Critical Best Practices
z Objective – adaptive cooling architecture that expects changes

Cooling
Heat Trends

2000 2002 2006 2009

28 x 2U Servers 42 x 1U Servers 6 Blade Centers Rabid Blades
2kW Heat Load 6kWw Heat Load 24kW Heat Load 40kW Heat Load
(0 60 Ton) (1.70
(0.60 (1 70 Ton) (6.85
(6 85 Ton) (11.43
(11 43 Ton)
Heading
towards 50kW

1 U = 1.75” High of Rack Space

3.5 kWCooling
= 1 Ton
Product Heat Density Trend Chart

Amdahl, Cisco,
Amdahl Cisco Compaq,
Compaq Cray,
Cray Dell,
Dell
EMC, HP, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Motorola,
Nortel, Sun, Unisys

Source: Uptime
Institute
Cooling
Heat Trends

Then Now
Cooling
Heat Source

ASHRAE, Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications,

CoolingRefrigerating and Air-
2005. © American Society of Heating,
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., www.ashrae.org.
Typical Server Comparisons – 2005
Maximum Maximum Maximum
Height Quantity Heat Load Heat Load
Model
(U) Per 42 U Per Cabinet Per Cabinet
C bi t
Cabinet (kW) (W/ f)
(W/sf)
IBM
BladeCenter 7 6 24 3500
Type 8677

HP Proliant 360
G4 1 42 19 2700

Sun Fire B
1600
3 14 14.5 2000

Dell
PowerEdge
1850 1 42 23 3200

Cooling
ASHRAE– Recommended Airflow
ASHRAE–
Protocol for Equipment
q p

ASHRAE, Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments,

2004. © American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Cooling
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., www.ashrae.org.
Server Essentials
z Airflow
– Knurr – 83% open air
(industry leading)
• Industry standard is 63%

Cooling
Product Heat Density Trend Chart

Amdahl, Cisco,
Amdahl Cisco Compaq,
Compaq Cray,
Cray Dell,
Dell
EMC, HP, IBM, Intel, Lucent, Motorola,
Nortel, Sun, Unisys

Cooling
 What Can Be Done To Deal With The
High Heat Loads?

}
•Blanking Panels
•Seal/Clean Raised Floor “Minimum Must Do”
•Hot / Cold Aisle Equipment Configuration
•PAC (Precision Air Conditioning ) Unit Location
•Balance The Raised Floor
•Add Rack Fans
}
•Spread Out The Load
Add PAC
•Add
•Raise The Raised Floor
•Overhead Ducts/Plenum
•Ducted Rack

•Liquid Closer To The Rack

Cooling
Recommended PAC Placement –
Do Not Mix The Hot And Cold Air

Hot Aisle
Hot Aisle

Hot Aisle
Hot Aisle

Hot Aisle
Hot Aisle

Cooling
Not Recommended PAC Placement

Cooling
Back to Front – 1 kW/Rack

Rackk

Rackk

Rackk

Rackk

Cooling
 Rack

Rack

Rack
R Rack

Rack

Rack
R

Cooling
Rack
R
Back to Front – 5 kW/Rack

Rack
R
Hot Aisle / Cold Aisle

Cooling
Hot Aisle / Cold Aisle – 3 kW/Rack

ack

ack

ack

ack
Ra

Ra

Ra

Ra
Cooling
Hot Aisle / Cold Aisle – 7 kW/Rack
Rack

Rack

Rack

Rack
ack

ack

ack

ack
Ra

Ra

Ra

Cooling
Ra
Hot Aisle / Cold Aisle – 10 kW/Rack
“2/3 Of The Failures From
The Top 1/3 Of The Rack
Rack”
Rack
k

Rack
k

Rack
k

Rack – 5 kW Rack
k
Rack

Rack

Rack

Rack

Racck
Racck

Racck

Racck

Cooling
Blanking Panels

• In Racks BLANKING PANELS

INCORRECT CORRECT
SIDE VIEWs

• Between
Racks

HP

Cooling
Raised Floor Capacity Improvement
z “High kW Racks” In The Center Of The Row

HP

Cooling
Overhead Return Air Ducts / Plenum

HP

z Can Improve Efficiency If Done Correctly

z Requires Ceiling Plenum
z Increased Pressure Drop

Cooling
Air Cooling of Computer Equipment

ASHRAE, Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications,

CoolingRefrigerating and Air-
2005. © American Society of Heating,
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., www.ashrae.org.
Raised Floor Capacity Improvement
z Seal The Raised Floor And Perimeter Openings / Clean Up
Under The Raised Floor

Cooling
How Much Can A Raised Floor Cool?

Cooling
 Minimum Raised Floor Height Vs. Power
Per Rack - 10,000 sq.ft. Data Center
Typical Air Cooling System
60

Ob t
Obstructions,
ti R
Room Sh
Shape, etc.
t
50
or Height - Inches

Moves The Graph Up 4 Air Changes

Per Minute
40

30
Raised Floo

20

0.5 Air Changes

10 Per Minute
R

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

kW / Rack
Cooling
10,000 sq.ft. @ 50 W/s.f. of Cooling
(1 kW / Cabinet = 500 Cabinets = 500 kW)
PAC = 125 kW
@ 20,000 CFM Each
4 Required
q
( 80,000 CFM = Total )

Perforated Tile
(25% Open Area)
@ 500 CFM Each
160 Required

100
Cooling
1 kW – 18
18” Raised Floor

Cooling
2 kW – 24
24” Raised Floor

Cooling
4 kW – 36
36” Raised Floor

Cooling
8 kW – 54
54” Raised Floor

Cooling
10,000 sq.ft. Center @ 50 W/s.f. of Cooling
2 kW / Cabinet = 500 Cabinets = 1000 kW)
PAC = 125 kW
@ 20,000 CFM Each
8 Required
q
( 160,000 CFM = Total )

Perforated Tile
(25% Open Area)
@ 500 CFM Each
320 Required

100
Cooling
 10,000 sq.ft. @ 1 kW/Rack 9”, 12
12”,
”, 15
15”
” 18
18”
”
Raised Floor – Airflow Variation
Outside Wall Center of the Room
700

600
8” - 23%
5” - 29%
” - 37%`
” - 50%
w per Tile - CFM

500
12”

18
15
9”

400

300
Airflow

200

100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Floor Tile Number

Cooling
Adaptive Architecture…
Delivers Best Technology for
Changing Environments

Stand Alone Modular Scalable Adaptive

p
Singular unit - Standard units with Flexibility with internal Reliability that can deal with
reliable & simple fixed sizes that worked modularity uncertainty from module to
together system
A unit with single
Cost savings by direction for growth Flexibility for changing
retaining initial requirements in capacity, density
investment and availability

Added redundancy Lowest Total Cost method for

capital and operating expenses

Cooling
Adaptive Architecture…
Delivers Best Technology for
Changing Environments

Stand Alone Modular Scalable Adaptive

p
Singular unit - Standard units with Flexibility with internal Reliability that can deal with
reliable & simple fixed sizes that worked modularity uncertainty from module to
together system
A unit with single
Cost savings by direction for growth Flexibility for changing
retaining initial requirements in capacity, density
investment and availability

Added redundancy Lowest Total Cost method for

capital and operating expenses

The next step beyond modular and scalable…ADAPTIVE!

Cooling
Add Rack Fans

z Can Remove Hot Spot

From Inside The Rack
z Does Not Provide Cooling
z Adds To Required Power
z Requires Additional
Cooling Capacity
z Adds To Noise Level

0.02 kW Power 0.07 kW Power

Per kW Cooling Per kW Cooling

Cooling
Optimizing Space and Efficiency with
Adaptive Cooling Architecture
Floor-mount units Overhead
for basic cooling supplemental
coolingg used
in extreme
density zone

Racks arranged to
create hot aisles and
cold aisles

Rack mounted Raised floor

coolers added height optimized
incrementally to for application
manage hot
spots
Cooling
 Space Temperature Rise –
Loss of Cooling – Test Results

50C 122F
450 W/sf
mperature
e

300 W/sf
W/ f
45C 112F
40C 104F
150 W/sf
ment Inlett Air Tem

35C 95F
30C 86F
25C 77F
20C 68F
15C 59F
Equipm

10C 50F
0 5 10 15 20 25

Time (Minutes)
Cooling
Continuous Change in Heat Loads
Expected in the
Future …

Mix of Heat Loads per Rack withina

within a Data Center
(based on maximum power and configuration)
60.0%
2002
n the DC

50.0% 2006
40.0% 2008
% Mix within

30.0%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%
0-5
0 5 >5-10
5 10 >10-15
10 15 >15-20
15 20 >20-25
20 25 >25-30
25 30 >30
30

KW per Rack Range

Cooling
 Raised Floor Height Vs. Variation
In Airflow 10,000 sf Data Center
n Perforatted Tile Aiirflow

40 1 kW / Cabinet
35
2 kW / Cabinet
30 8 kW / Cabinet
4 kW / Cabinet
25

20

15
ariation in

10

5
Percent Va

0
9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54
P

Raised Floor Height - Inches

Cooling
Heat Trends

2000 2002 2006 2009

28 x 2U Servers 42 x 1U Servers 6 Blade Centers Rabid Blades
2kW Heat Load 6kWw Heat Load 24kW Heat Load 40kW Heat Load
(0 60 Ton) (1.70
(0.60 (1 70 Ton) (6.85
(6 85 Ton) (11.43
(11 43 Ton)
Heading
towards 50kW

1 U = 1.75” High of Rack Space

3.5 kWCooling
= 1 Ton
…will make the Simple…
(Racks – 1kW)

Rack kW
1 kW
2 kW
5 kW
10 kW
15 kW
20 kW

Room Average Load – 50 w/ft2 (500 w/m2)

Cooling
… more Complex
(Racks – 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kW)

Rack kW
1 kW
2 kW
5 kW
10 kW
5 kW
15
20 kW

Room Average Load – 408 w/ft2 (4100 w/m2)

20kW racks will require 2500 CFM (1500 CM/hr)

The average server replacement cycle is 3-4 years

Cooling
Short--Term Solution
Short

Cooling
Flexibility to Deal with the Changing
Environment – Liebert XD

Rack kW
1 kW
2 kW
5 kW
10 kW
15 kW
20 kW

Liebert XDV
Liebert XDO

Cooling
Flexibility to Re-
Re-configure Modules
On--demand As Needed
On

Rack kW
1 kW
2 kW
5 kW
10 kW
Re-configure
15 kW
20 kW

Liebert XDV
Liebert XDO
On demand
additions
dditi
Cooling
 Four Adaptable
p Solution Approaches
pp
Refrigerant
Coolant

Refrigerant
Chiller
Refrigerant-
R fi t
based
Overhead and inline
enclosure
cooling modules
Refrigerant CDU
Closed Open
Architecture Architecture

Water CDU

Water-based
enclosure Water Water Chiller
Coolant Rack cooling
Cooling
 Liebert XDK
(Knurr CoolTherm)

Thinking inside the box

XD Product - Closed Arquitecture
q
z XDWK – up to 35Kw
z XDWP – Water p
pumping
mping Unit
z CoolAdd Unique Solution

Cooling
 Liebert XD –
Architecture / Fluid
XDO
Refrigerant XDV

XDH
XDC

XDF
XDP
XD CoolFrame

Closed Architecture Open Architecture

XDP-W
XDK XDR-W
XDK-W
XDWP XDR

Water

Cooling
 Capabilities of Liquid Cooling
For Example:
In order to remove 1000 watts with a 50° F temperature difference

24 gallons/hr of water will suffice

Compared with 11,230cu.ft/hr of air

Cooling
Liebert XDK – How it Works
Closed-loop Architecture
Air plenum
Top View In rear door

Rear Front

WARM WARM

Server

Air Separator
Cool
KALT

Cooling
Liebert XDK – Design Features
(3) AC powered EC fans
(internal DC)

Separate ducting for each fan

V-shape
p coil heat
exchanger
Cooling
XD Product – Open
p Arquitecture
q

XDO - 20Kw
16Kw

XDV - 8Kw
10w
XDH - 30Kw
28Kw

UP to 28Kw per Rack

Cooling
The New Liebert XDH - In Row
Solution

z Better answer to the InRow solution

z Higher capacity
z Two versions: 20 & 30Kw
z Flexible; easy to reconfigure
z Microfin technology
z 7000 cfm

Cooling
 Coil On The Rack (Or Close To The Rack)
TOP MOUNTED
OVERHEAD FLUID IN/OUT
COOLING MODULE
COOLING MODULE
FLUID IN/OUT

RACK

COLD RACK
AISLE COLD
AISLE

RAISED FLOOR
BLUE – COLD RAISED FLOOR
SIDE VIEW
RED – WARM BLUE – COLD
SIDE VIEW RED – WARM
VERTICAL
RACK MOUNTED
Capacity / Availability COOLING MODULE

Flexibility / Scalability RACK

TCO

FLUID IN/OUT
SIDE VIEW BLUE – COLD
Cooling RED – WARM
Flexibility - Extends Your Existing
Infrastructure Investment

z Cooling at the source of heat with Liebert XD

advanced compact heat
exchangers
z Works with any brand of racks
z Cooling fluid is a gas (No Water)
z Self-regulating capacity
z 100% Sensible cooling
Piping System Advantage
- Ease of installation
- Provide for future expansion
- Allows plug ‘n play arrangement for easy
installation or reconfiguration

Liebert XDO
Hot Aisle – Cold Aisle Configuration
Hot Spots, Zones and Hot Rooms
Liebert
Cooling
XDV
Liebert XDO –
Supplemental Sensible Cooling

Cooling
Liebert XDO - Overhead Module
z General
– Nominal Capacity 16 kW (4.5 Ton)
– Fan Coil (Enclosure,
(Enclosure Coils
Coils, Fan,
Fan
Controls) Mounted in the Ceiling
Above the Heat Emitting Equipment Hot Cold Hot
– 120V-1ph-60Hz or 230V-1ph-60Hz Aisle Aisle Aisle
– Dimension
Di i 72” x 24”’ x 21” (W(WxLxH)
L H)
Side View
z Options
– Lighting
Li hti
– Condensate Detection

Cooling
Liebert XDO
z Features And Benefits
– No Floor Space Needed
– Very Flexible Installation
– Highly Energy Efficient
– Fold Down Fan Tray
– Easily Accessible
Components
– Hot Swappable Fan
– Several
Se eral Alternate Piping
and Cable Connections
– No Condensation

Cooling
Liebert XDO 16 Specifications
Number Of Models 4 (Input Voltage, Condensate Sensing)
Nominal Cooling Capacity 16kW/4.5Tons (55°F EFT, 85°F EAT)
Input Voltages 120V/1ph/60Hz 230V/1ph/60Hz
120V/1ph/60Hz,
Full Load Amps, Excl. Options 2.7A @ 120 V
Nominal Power Consumption 350 W
Dimensions H=22.5”, W=72”, D=24”
Weight, Unit Only 146 lbs
Number Of Fans 1
Audible Noise 85 dB sound power
Nominal Airflow 2,700 CFM
Pipe Connections, XD Coolant 1/2” OD in, 78” OD out
Serviceable Parts Fan and electrical components
Options 2 Lighting Fixtures (120V or 277V)
Condensate sensing (Dry contact)

Cooling
Liebert XDV –
Supplemental Sensible Cooling

Cooling
Liebert XDV - Vertical Module
z General
– Nominal Capacity 8 kW (2.2 Ton)
– Fan Coil (Enclosure, Coil, Fans, Controls)
– 120V 1ph 60Hz or 230V-1ph-60Hz
120V-1ph-60Hz 230V 1ph 60Hz “Hott
“H Cold “Hot
– Dimension 23.5” x 29.5-39.5” x 14” (WxLxH) Aisle” Aisle Aisle”
z Options
– Condensate Detection
– Flexible Piping (6
(6’)) Installed And Pre-charged Side View
z Features
– No Floor Space Needed
– No Condensation
– Flexible – Cabinet Mounted or Ceiling Suspended
– Hot Air Inlet From the Hot Aisle (and From the Top
of the Cabinet)
– Room for Cabling at the Top Back of Cabinet
– Dual (A and B) Detachable Power Cords

Cooling
Liebert XDV

Cooling
Liebert XDV 8 Specifications
Number Of Models 4 (Input Voltage, Condensate Sensing)
Nominal Cooling Capacity 8kW/2.2Tons (55°F EFT, 85°F EAT)
Input Voltages 120V/1ph/50/60Hz 230V/1ph/50/-60Hz
120V/1ph/50/60Hz,
Input Power Connections 120V, 2 cords, 8’, NEMA 5-15P plugs 230V, 2 cords, 8’,
IEC320-C14 plugs
Full Load Amps 2.0A, 1.0A respectively
Nominal Power Consumption 200W
Dimensions H=14-1/8”, W=23-1/2”, D=39-1/2” / 29-1/2”
Weight, Unit Only 77lbs
Number Of Fans 2
Audible Noise 78 dB sound power
Nominal Airflow 1000CFM with rear inlet
Pipe Connections, XD Coolant 1/2” OD in, 5/8” OD out
Serviceable Parts Fans and electrical components
Options Condensate sensing (Dry contact)

Cooling
Fluids
z Water
– Thermal Characteristics – Good
– Risk At Leakage – High

z Di-electric Fluid
– Thermal Characteristics – Not So Good
– Risk At Leakage – Low

z Phase Change Fluid LIQUID LIQUID/VAPOR MIX VAPOR

PRESSURE
– Thermal Characteristics – Very Good TRADITIONAL
VAPOR
COMPRESSION
CYCLE
– Risk At Leakage
g – Veryy Low

P
PUMPED
TWO PHASE
CYCLE

ENTHALPHY

Cooling
Liebert XDO

Cooling
Liebert XDV –
University of Illinois, Turing Cluster
z Consists of 640 Apple Xservers,
each with two 2 GHz G5
processors and 4 GB of RAM,,
p
for a total of 1280 processors
z 22 Racks
z http://www.cse.uiuc.edu/turing/

Cooling
Liebert XDV – CFD Model

Cooling
Liebert XDO Combined With Liebert XDV

Cooling
Liebert XDV And XDO – CFD Model

Cooling
Liebert XDP

Cooling
Liebert XDP – Pumping Unit
z General
– Nominal Capacity: 160 kW (45 Ton)
– 208V
208V-3ph-60Hz
3ph 60Hz or 460V-3ph-60Hz
460V 3ph 60Hz Chill d
Chilled XDP XD Coolant
– Dimensions: 37” x 30” x 76” (WxLxH) Water
– The XDP (Enclosure, Pumps, Heat
Exchanger, Controls, Valves and
Pi i ) Ci
Piping) Circulates
l t and d Controls
C t l theth
Fluid to the XDO/XDV
– The XDP serves as an intermediary
between the buildingg CW loopp and the
XD Coolant loop.
z Features And Benefits
– Intelligent Controls - Controls the dew
point
– Floor Space Efficient
– Redundant Pumps

Cooling
Liebert XDC – Coolant Chiller
z General
– Nom. Capacity 160 kW (45 Ton) Liebert
Heat XDC XDO / XDV
– Indoor Chiller (Frame,
(Frame Scroll R j i
Rejection XD
Compressors, Evaporator, Pumps, Coolant
Controls, Valves and Piping)
Connected Directly to the XDO/XDV.
– Air Cooled Condenser
– Built in XDP Functionality.

z Features And Benefits

– Energy Efficient
– Intelligent Controls of the XD Coolant
– Floor Space Efficient

Cooling
Liebert XDC

Cooling
XDC Specifications
Nominal Cooling Capacity 160 kW (45 Tons)

Inp t Voltage
Input 460 V – 3 ph – 60 H
Hz

Full Load Amps 80A

Dimensions H = 78”, W = 74”, D = 34”

Weight, Unit Only 2000 lbs

Pipe Connections, Heat Rejection 2 x 1-3/8” OD Hot Gas, 2 x 7/8” OD Liquid

Pipe Connections, XD Coolant 1-1/8” OD Supply, 2-1/8” OD Return

Number Of XDO’s Minimum 4, Maximum 10

Number Of XDV
XDV’s
s Minimum 8
8, Maximum 20

Cooling
Liebert XD – System Schematic
Indirect System

Building XDO or XDV

Chilled
Water XD Coolant
XDP XDO or XDV

XDO or XDV

XDP

Direct System

XDO or XDV
XD Coolant
XDO or XDV
Heat XDC
Rejection Coolant
Chiller Cooling
Liebert XD – System Schematic
XDP XDV / XDO
stem

Building Valve
Heat Coil Fan
Indiirect Sys

Chill d
Chilled
Exchanger
Water
Tank
XD
Pump Pump Coolant

XDC XDV / XDO

Exp. Valve
stem

Heat Coil Fan

Condenser
Exchanger
Diirect Sys

Compressor
Tank
XD
Pump Pump Coolant

Cooling
Liebert XDH
Horizontal Row Cooler

Cooling
Liebert XDH
Horizontal Row Cooler
z General
– Nominal Capacity 22 & 30
kW (6(6.3
3&8 8.5
5 Tons)
– 120V - 1ph - 60Hz
– 230V – 1ph – 50Hz
– Dimension
Di i 12” x 42” x 78”
(WxLxH)
– Dual (A and B) Power Cords
– 6 Fan
– Dual Cooling Circuits
– Uni-Directional or Bi-
Directional Air Diffusers

Cooling
Liebert XDH
Horizontal Row Cooler Hot
z Options Aisle
– One Shot Connection or
hard p
piped
p Cold
– Fan current sensing relay Aisle
(SFA)
– Condensate Detection Hot
Top View Aisle

Cooling
Liebert
ebe t XDH

Cooling
Liebert XDFTM
z Cabinet With Integrated High Capacity
Cooling (11 kW Nominal Cooling
Capacity)
p y)
z Standard 19” Rack System
z 36 U Space For Servers
z 35” W x 46
35 46” D x 78
78.5
5” H
z 208/230V, 1 ph, 50/60Hz

Cooling
Liebert XDFTM
Sections
z Heat Rejection
z Cooling
z Electronic Equipment

Cooling
Liebert XDF – Main Components
Condenser Condenser
Fan Coil

Evaporator
Coil

Control Air Inlet

Panel (Back-Up Ventilation)

Air Exit
Evaporator
(Back-Up Ventilation)
Fans

Digital Scroll Power Cord

Compressor Connections
Front

Self Contained Liebert XDF

Cooling
 Liebert XDF – Controls
Power Cord
Connections
iCOM
1-10’ 120V 1 ph
Monitoring Option: Power Cord
(NEMA 5-15P)
5 15P)
-OpenComm EM
(No U Space) 1-10’ 208V 3 ph
-MP-S Access Servers Power Cord w/
(1 2 U Space)
(1-2 Locking Plug
(NEMA L21-30P)

Power Strips Options:

MP Basic Power Strip O ti
Optional
l UPS
10 Outlets – Factory Installed
8 Outlets – Field Installed GXT2
MP Ad
Advanced
dPPower P
PowerSure
S PSI
Strips
Cooling
Air Flow – Normal Operation

z Horizontal Air
Ci
Circulation
l i In I The
Th
Cabinet For Optimum
Cold Air Distribution

Self Contained Liebert XDF

Cooling
Air Flow – Back
Back--Up Ventilation

z Horizontal Air
Circulation Through
The Cabinet During
Back-Up Ventilation
F Optimum
For O i Cold
C ld Air
Ai
Distribution

Self Contained Liebert XDF

Cooling
Cooling Infrastructure

Plug and Play

- 27 kW per
connector

Cooling
Cooling Infrastructure
Plug and Play

8 kw 10 kw

Cooling
Cooling Infrastructure

8kw 10kw 10 kw ea

4 – 6kw cooling via floor units

Cooling
 Cooling Infrastructure

10 kw ea

20 or 27
kw ea

4 – 6kw cooling via floor units

Cooling
 Liebert X-
X-treme Heat Density Demo/Lab
z Can be Configured to Heat, and Cool,
Zones With More Than 1000 W/sf
z 915 sf Room Area, 810 sf
With 18” Raised Floor
z 32 Cabinets With Fans and Electric
Heaters
z Cooling Capability Through a
Combination of Various Liebert
Cooling Products, for Example; XDA,
XDV, XDO, XDC, XDP, XDWP, XDWR,
y
Deluxe System/3

Cooling
Liebert XDO – Spacing
Requirements

457-610mm (18-24’’) Recommended, 762mm (30”) Maximum

Hot Hot
Aisle Aisle
Cold 33.3C (92°F)
33.3C (92°F) Aisle

Side View
Cooling
Liebert XDO – Spacing
Requirements

457-610mm (18-24’’) Recommended, 762mm (30”) Maximum

Cold
Aisle
Hot
Hot Aisle
Aisle 33.3C (92°F)
33.3C (92°F)
1220mm (4’)
( ’)

Side View
Cooling
Liebert XDO – Spacing
Requirements

457-610mm (18-24’’) Recommended, 762mm (30”) Maximum

Cold
Aisle
Hot
Hot Aisle
Aisle 33.3C(92°F)
33.3C (92°F)
1520mm(5’)
( ’)

Side View
Cooling
Liebert XDO – Spacing
Requirements

Bl k Pl
Blocker Plate
t

305-610mm (12-24’’)Optimum, 762mm (30”) Maximum

Cold
Aisle
Hot
Hot Aisle
Aisle 33.3C (92°F)
33.3C
(92°F) 1830mm (6’)
( ’)

Side View
Cooling
Dell Lab Application Using XD solution

Cooling
Dell Lab Application Using XD solution

Cooling
Dell Lab Application Using XD solution

Cooling
Liebert XDV – Double Stack

Hot Cold
Cold Aisle Aisle
Aisle

Cooling
 826mm
1003mm 32.5inch 1254mm
39.5inch 49.4inch

356mm 14inch

356mm 14inch

559mm
22inch

2692mm
106inch

1930mm
76inch

914mm 1829mm 914mm

36inch Cooling
72inch 36inch
Shut Off Valves – Floor Plan
Up to 45.7m (150ft) lineal distance
Shut Off Valves

R134a Refrigerant:
Supply: 29mm (1.125”) OD
Return: 54mm (2.125”) OD
Type L Copper Tubing

Chilled Water:
Supply: 67mm (2.625”) OD, Copper
Return: 67mm (2.625”) OD, Copper

Cooling
 Liebert XD System Is Designed for
the Future Servers in Mind
ad
Increasing Heat Loa

The Ultimate in Adaptability

z Highest reliable cooling at the
S
Source
z Flexibility to interchangeable
modules as needed
Floor z Retains the Base Infrastructure for
Mount the lowest cost architecture as the
Cooling need to add capacity occurs
Base
Load

Increasing No. Cooling

of Racks
Adaptive Cooling Architecture

Retrofit
•Highest Reliability
Any floor
•Maximum Flexible Any space
Any time
•Lowest TCO
Pre-piping assembly
Heat Load
d

Rack Solutions
XDO
XDV Future Rack Modules
Incrreasing H

Supplemental Cooling
Overhead
Module
Rack or Room
XDC XDP

Floor Mount
Cooling
XDF Base Load
Liebert DS , Himod, PeX

Increasing No. of Racks

Cooling
 Liebert XDV – Virginia
g Tech Installation
• Third Fastest Supercomputer in
the World, 2003 (10.28
TeraFlops) Seventh Fastest in
Nov. 2004
• 1,100 Dual Apple G5
• 3,000
3 000 sf Section of a 9,000
9 000 sf
Data Center
• 18 Inch Raised Floor
• IInitial
iti l Load
L d = 193 W/sf
W/ f (Tower
(T
model)
• Ultimate Load > 400 W/sf (1 U
model)
• Website: http://don.cc.vt.edu/

Cooling
Case Study –
Virginia Tech Supercomputer

Cooling
All this
thi sounds
d great,
t but
b t can I afford
ff d it?

Cooling
High Heat Density
Application
pp
z 120 racks
z 8 kW per rack average

z Cooling Options

– 1 – The Traditional way

y - CW Precision Cooling
g Units

– 2 – In-Row solution

– 3 – Precision Cooling Floor Mount base load with Liebert XD

Cooling
High Heat Density
Application
pp
Traditional Solution
AC AC AC AC

PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

z (12) FH740C
– 10 operational for the load

– 2 stand
t d by
b
PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

z (3) 250 ton Chillers

AC AC AC AC

– 2 operational sized at 2/3 load

PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

– 3 CW Pumps – 25 HP each

z Floor space – 4256 sqft

PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

z Requires a raised floor of 48”

AC AC AC AC

Cooling
High Heat Density
Application
APC – In Row Solution
AC AC AC

PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

z (60) In-Row
In Row RC coolers

– 52 operational

– 8 redundant

z (3) 250 ton Chillers

PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU
PDU PDU

– 2 operational sized at 2/3 load

PDU PDU
PDU PDU PDU PDU
– 3 CW Pumps – 25 HP each

z (5) FM50CC

– 4 operational for the load

InRow RC
– 1 stand by Rated - 30 kW at 105° F EAT
with 45° F CW
PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU
z Floor space – 4592 sqft Reality – 16.8 kW @ 92°F EAT
with 54°F

AC AC

Cooling
High Heat Density
Application

Liebert XD Solution
AC AC

z (4) FH529C
PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

XD
– 3 operational for the load

XD – 1 stand by

XD
z (6) XDP with (96) XDV
PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

– 5/80 operational

PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU – 1/16 redundant

XD

z (3) 200 ton Chillers

XD

– 2 operational sized at 2/3 load

XD
– 3 CW Pumps – 20 HP each
PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU PDU

z Fl
Floor Space
S – 3640 sqft
ft
AC AC

Cooling
High Heat Density
Application

120 Racks Floor Mount AH APC In-Row Liebert XD & Liebert XD Benefits
8 kW per Rack with FM Floor Mount
Chillers (3) 250 ton (3) 250 ton (3) 200 ton – 20% Less Chiller
CW Pumps (3) 25 HP (3) 25 HP (3) 20 HP
– 20% Less floor space
Floor Mount Units (12) 30 ton (6) 15 ton (4) 20 ton
APC In-Row (60) In-Row – Scalable Platform

Liebert XD ((96)) XDV

Floor Space (sqft) 4256 4592 3640

Raised Floor Height (in) 48 24 24

Scalable Design 8kw 8kw 20kw

Cooling
Annual Energy
Consumption (kW)
120 Racks Floor Mount APC In-Row Liebert XD &
8 kW per Rack AH with FM Floor Mount
Liebert XD benefits
Prec Air Units 101.7 25.4 25.4 Cooling
C li closer
l to
t the
th source is
i
more efficient.
XDV 0.0 0.0 19.2
APC In-row 0.0 66.0 0.0
XDP PPumps 00
0.0 00
0.0 63
6.3 The Liebert
Th Li b t XD system
t drives
di
CW Pumps 42.4 42.4 33.9 down power in every element
of the power for cooling!
Chiller 199.7 178.1 169.4
Tower Fans 15 6
15.6 13 9
13.9 13 2
13.2
Condenser Pumps 15.6 13.9 13.2
Rehumidification 63.2 24.9 11.9 Liebert XD is 33% more
efficient!
Total Kw 438 3
438.3 364 7
364.7 292 7
292.7
Operating Costs $ 383,962 $ 319,472 $ 256,367
Delta $ (64,490) $ (127,595)
-17%
17% -33%
33%
Cooling
Capital Costs – Total Impact
Liebert XD benefits
120 Racks Floor Mount APC In-Row
In Row Liebert XD & ...what if you consider the
8 kW per Rack AH with FM Floor Mount floorspace savings?

Chiller $ 187,500 $ 187,500 $ 150,000 Traditional – 4256 sqft

Precision Air $ 135,360 $ 47,184 $ 36,765 APC – 4592 sqft (+952 ft²)
XDP/XDV $ - $ - $ 221,250 Liebert XD – 3640 sqft (-616 ft²)
APC In-Row $ - $ 273,000 $ -
I ll i
Installation $ 322 860
322,860 $ 439,434
439 434 $ 518,640
18 640 Example at $250 / ft²
Floor Space $ - $ 84,000 $ (154,000) Industry range $250-1000 / ft²

Total (E,I,S) $ 645,720 $ 1,031,118 $ 772,655

Delta $ 385,398 $ 126,935
Liebert XD has a payback
Operating Savings $ (64,490) $ (127,595) YearlyofSavings
1 year !! !!!
Payback (yr) 6.0 1.0
Cooling
BACKUP
Testimonial
z “No drain lines, no fan belts,no expansion valves,no
compressors the man in the dapper suit and flowing gray hair
said what is he talking about i said to myself,i
said,what myself i have been playing
this game for 25yrs who is he trying to fool,and that was how it
started,”

Cooling
Testimonial
z “In came (6) load banks lined up in the middle hot isle blasting 380
kw of heat,(3) xdp,s pumping refrigerant 134a through the headers into
the xdv,s, and a beautiful 25 to 30 degree
g f cooling
g across the coils,, we
failed the system upside down and inside out and could not fail it,we
were doing a 24hr round the clock test of all the systems,at about 5am i
went up on the building roof to see the sun rise over new york city after
a veryy successful night
g of testing,i
g, lit up
p a cigarette
g and had a laugh
g
to myself,he was right (no drains needed) and loads of extra floor
space for computers and a small electric bill to keep the building
manager happy,14 months later we have still not received a alarm.”
z

z David Fitzgerald. NYC.

Cooling