Group 1

Classification of Uses
Water for Energy Production
Water for Aggriculture
Water Supply and Withdrawals
Water Demand and Price Elasticity
(Members)
Reyes, Charles Orville B.
Danga ,Cedreaux Rubio
Solero, Noel John Miranda
Tan, Drexter John D.
Water for energy production
Power plants

Types of power plants

• Thermoelectric or “thermal” plants.
• Hydroelectric power plants. which use dams and other
approaches to capture the energy in moving water.
Thermoelectric power plant
• Boil water to produce steam for generating electricity.

Thermoelectric power plant in the philippines

BacMan 1 Geothermal Power Station

Upper Mahiao Geothermal Power Station

Mahanagdong Geothermal Power Station

Hydroelectric power plants

• Which use dams and other approaches to capture the energy in moving water.
HYDROELECTRIC power plant in the Philippines

Use of water in food and agriculture

• largest consumer of water

• 70% of water from rivers and ground water goes to irrigation

• since 1960

• seeds

• livestocks

Problems

• growth in population

• urbanization

• industrialization

• global warming

Challenges

• management

• improvement in farming technologies

WATER DEMAND

- Demand is highly variable both in space and time

- Time of day, day of week, month season all influence the demand

- Socio-economics conditions, life styles and standard of living all influence the
demand

- Climate conditions such as temperature, precipitation, wind affect the water

demand

- Water supply pressure, water charges, water metering and water supply patterns

- Conservation measures affect demands ( minimize use and recycling)

The Following information may be needed area wise over the design period (for
intermediary period and at the end of design period)

- Per Capita Water Demand (LCPD)

- Peak Hour Demand (PHD)
- Maximum Day demand (MDD)
- Average Day Demand (ADD)

Classifcation of towns /cities

Towns Provided with Piped water supply but without sewarage system

>Maximum Water Supply Level(Lcpd) 70

Cities provided with Piped where sewerage system is existing/comtemplated

>Maximum Water Supply Level(Lcpd) 135

Metropolitan and mega cities provided with water supply and sewerage system

>Maximum Water Supply Level(Lcpd) 150

DESIGN PERIOD

- Future expnasion and duplication provisions can be incorporated into the project

- Usually taken as 30 years after completion of the project

- Water Supply should match with water demand at the end of design period

- Commercial, Institutional and industrial development patterns of the city should be

known

- Life styles and improvements in living standards affect the water demand

- Water conservation measures

POPULATION FORECASTING

- Population projections are needed at the end of the design period and intermediary
period

- Area wise populations projections are needed

- Trends in Populations

- Populations to be served depends on population influx and outflux ; birth and death
rates

Methods can be used

- Graphical Method

- Method of density

- Sigmoid Growth ( logistic growth model)

- Arithmetical increase method

- Incremential increase method

- Geometrical increase method

- Decreasing rate of growth method
PRICE ELASTICITY
Price elasticity of demand is a measure used in economics to show the responsiveness, or
elasticity, of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price when
nothing but the price changes. Price elasticities are almost always negative, although
analysts tend to ignore the sign even though this can lead to ambiguity.

Water consumers are also classified depending on the presence and nature of the economic
activity in their house or establishment. Their classification determines what type of water
rates will be applied to them, i.e. Residential, Semi-Business, Commercial and Industrial.

The Price Elasticity estimates range -0.02 to -3.33 (residential)

The formula for the coefficient of price elasticity of demand for a good is
The point elasticity of demand method is used to determine change in demand within the
same demand curve, basically a very small amount of change in demand is measured
through point elasticity.

Arc elasticity

DETERMINANTS
- availability of subsitute

- Duration

- Necessity

- Brand

- Who Pays