Energy Efficiency

Developments in the Hotel

industry

Mr.Boonpong Kijwatanachai
Thai Alternative Engineering Consultant Co.ltd
365/1188 Phuttabucha 47, Thungkrue, Bangmod
Bangkok 10140
Tel. 02 874 8164
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 1. Introduction

Hotel Classification
ΠSmall and Medium Scale
ΠLarge Scale

Classification No. of Room Useable Area Storey Electricity bill

Scale ( sq.m ) ( Index based on 3000kWh/m2-yr )

Small and Medium 20-150 1,000-6,000 1-10 50,000+

Large 100-500+ 6,000-30,000 10-30 300,000+

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Hotel

ƒ No. of guest rooms

ƒ Hotel utilities
ƒ Banquet and meeting room
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 2. Energy End Use in Hotel

Other system
28.93% Central
air-conditioning
Sanitary and Waste system 46.65%
system 5.18%
Split type air
Lighting
conditioning system
system18.36%
0.89%
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 2. Most Typical Load Profile

15-min kW Load Profiles of 5-star Hotel

1400

1200

1000

800
kW

600

400

200

0
14:15:00 22:30:00 6:45:00 15:00:00 23:15:00 7:30:00 15:45:00 0:00:00 8:15:00 16:30:00 0:45:00 9:00:00 17:15:00 1:30:00 9:45:00 18:00:00 2:15:00 10:30:00 18:45:00 3:00:00 11:15:00
9/11/00 9/11/00 9/12/00 9/12/00 9/12/00 9/13/00 9/13/00 9/14/00 9/14/00 9/14/00 9/15/00 9/15/00 9/15/00 9/16/00 9/16/00 9/16/00 9/17/00 9/17/00 9/17/00 9/18/00 9/18/00
Time
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 3. Energy Potential Guideline

Energy Management System

Reduce Loss

Improve Efficiency

Reclaim Heat and Recovery

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 Case Study
ƒHow to conduct energy conservation
ƒ How to measure and analysis

ƒ How to gathering all data

ƒ How to reduce losses and improve efficiency

ƒ How to evaluate and follow up

ƒ How to do the energy measures and financial model

ƒ How to share option

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 Hotel Energy End Use

Hotel

Electricity Thermal

• HVAC • Boiler System

• Lighting (Laundry and Cooking)
• Waste Water Treatment
• Cold Water System
• Compressed Air System
• Others

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 Electrical System

Single Line Diagram

2500 kVA 2500 kVA

33 kV-400/230V 33 kV-400/230V

TIE BUS

LIGHTING &
SPARE MOTORS ELEVATORS

WATER PUMP
AIR COND.
RECEPTACLES

ELEVATORS LIGHTING &RECEPTACLES

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 HVAC

Central Cooling Diagram

CONDENSER WATER PUMP

ROOM (CDP) COOLING

AHU/FCUs CHILLED WATER TOWER
PUMP (CT)
(CHP)

CHILLER

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 Sanitary System

Cold Water Supply Diagram

SUPPLY BO O STER PUMP

P4

P3 P5
F

P2
S
P6

P1
WATER T ANK SO FT WATER PUM P
CO LD WA TER PUMP
P7 P8 P9

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 Waste Water System

Waste Water Treatment Diagram

AB AB CI2

AERATED GRIT CHLORINE

TRANSFER SPRAY WATER EFFLUENT TO PUBLIC
COMMINUTOR CHAMBER AND AERATION TANK CLARIFIER CONTACT
SUMP PUMPS STORAGE TANK PUMP SUMPS SEWER
PREAERATION TANK

RETURN
SLUDE

EXCESS SLUDE

SLUDGE
DRY SOLIDS PUMP
AB SLUDGE SUMP DEWATERING
TO DISPOSAL
MACHINE
AB AIR BLOWER

CI2 CHLORINE GAS

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 Energy use

Power x Time of use

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Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)

Cooling Capacity, BTU/Hr

Power input, watt
EER = 10.6
will be equal No. 5
COP : Coefficient of performance
COP = EER/3.41

COP = 0.293 EER

kW/RT = 12/EER
kW/RT = 3.516/COP
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 Step1 :

Survey all Thermal and Electricity Equipment

Step 2 :

Detail energy end use per annual

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 Step 1 • HVAC • Chiller
• Chilled Water Pump
• Condenser Water Pump
• Cooling Tower
• AHU/FCU

• Lighting
•Cold water • Cold Water Pump
•Waste water • Booster Pump
• Soft Water Pump

• Lift and escalator

• Others
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 CHILLER AUDIT

เครื่องทําน้ําเย็น
ระบายความรอนดวยน้ํา

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 Flow meter

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 Power Meter

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Air flow meter and Hygrometer
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Power meter 49
 SPLIT TYPE AUDIT

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 WATER PUMP AUDIT

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 20 C

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 Step 2
Lift 5 % Cold water
12 %
Sanitary Lighting
3%
16 %

Others4 % HVAC
60 %

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 Drying machine 54 % Hygiene 34 %

Ironing 8 %

Washing 4 %
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 Recommendation to measure

9 Position to measure
9 Type of instrument
9 Accuracy
9 Condition of machine
9 Method of measure
9 Others

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 1 Hygrometer
2 Anemometer
3 Power Meter
4 Flow Meter
5 Conductivity Water Analysis
6 Thermocouple
7 Lux Meter
8 Power Recorder
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 Load profiles in one week
kW
LOAD PROFILE
1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM 2:00:00 AM 2:00:00 PM
28/10/2003 29/10/2003 29/10/2003 30/10/2003 30/10/2003 31/10/2003 31/10/2003 1/11/2003 1/11/2003 2/11/2003 2/11/2003 3/11/2003 3/11/2003 4/11/2003 4/11/2003
Time

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 Losses in the systems are mostly come from improper operation
and maintenance

Efficiency / Efficacy means:

9 Losses
9 Control Method
9 Operation Hours
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 Recognize
Problem

Plan to Take Analyze Variance

Action to Problems

Conduct Establish Reporting

Energy and
Audit Control System

Identify and Monitor and Follow-

Analyze ECOs up

Energy Report to
Management
(Implementation)
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 Energy Saving=
Baseline Energy Use - Post installation Energy Use

„ Engineering Calculations
„ Metering and Monitoring
„ Billing Analysis
„ Computer Simulation
„ Assessment and agreement between relevant firms

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Example Graph
kw/ton Ton of Cooling

% Load Time

kwh % Occupancy

Ambient Temp. Time

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 Example of Energy Measures

1. Proper adjust room temperature

Existing :
9 Room temperature 25 OC
9 Chilled water flow rate = 900 GPM
9 Water friction losses = 50,926 Btu/hr โหลดความรอนรวมที่อุณหภูมิ 25 OC
= 848,770 Btu/hr
9 Adjust temperature to 27 OC= 667,541 Btu/hr
9 Adjust temperature to 28 OC= 542,075 Btu/hr
การคํานวณ :
ที่อุณหภูมิ 27 oC ตันความเย็น = (667,541 + 50,926) = 59.87 ตัน
12,000

ที่อุณหภูมิ 28 oC ตันความเย็น = (542,075 + 50,926) = 49.4 ตัน

12,000
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 Part Load Performance Graph of Room Temperature
100 % kW
Room Temp RT % of use % kW kW

50 25 75 25 32 93.7
28 27 59.8 20 28 82.0
28 49.4 16.5 26 76.1
10 20 50 100 % Load

During night time room temperature can be increased and saving will be as shown
Room temerature 27 OC = (93.7 - 82.0) x 12 x 30 = 4,212 kWh/เดือน
Tariff rate 2 บาท/kWh) = 8,424 บาท/เดือน

Room temerature 28 OC = (82.0 - 76.1) x 12 x 30 = 2,124 kWh/เดือน

(Tariff rate 2 บาท/kWh) = 4,248 บาท/เดือน
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 Daily Energy Measures
1. Turn off unused lamps
2. Traffic planning
3. Optimization of HVAC
4. Increasing room air conditioning as much as
possible
5. Optimization of water
6. Reuse and recycle papers
7. Turn off PC and notebook computer
8. Regular maintenance HVAC
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 A

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 Thank you for your attention

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