Structures 1.

2018.

Structures 1- homework
2018. fall
The aim of the homework is to study and prepare independently, which can be done even in
small groups. The application of other external sources does not substitute own thinking.

Discs
1. The figure shows the fibres of a laminated composite material that
consists of 4 layers. In each uniaxial layer the fibres have similar
stiffness and allocation. The layers are placed in a way that the
angles between the fibres are 45° and its multiples. Performing
netting analysis determine the stiffness and Poisson’s ratio of the
replacement disc in an orthogonal coordinate system where x
direction is parallel to one of the fibre directions. Modulus of
elasticity of the fibres (along their length) is E=15 GPa , the area of their cross-section is
1.2 mm , distance between fibres is 6 mm, thickness of each layer is
0.1 mm.
Is the disc isotropic? (Remark 1: Similar calculation can be done to determine the
replacement stiffness of a plain truss. Remark 2: the stiffness matrix of the plate gives the
relation between distributed (membrane) forces and the strains, therefore thickness of
the disc does not appear in its calculation).
2. A skew butt weld connects the two side of the steel plate
in the figure below (α=25°). Load is τxy=180 MPa.
a) Determine the stresses in the weld (in the local
coordinate system of the weld).
b) Check the resistance of the weld with the
application of von Mises (HMH) failure criterion if yield strength (ultimate stress)
is f=300 MPa!

3. A plate is in plain stress state, strain gauges placed in three

directions show the following strain values: 8 10 ,
3 10 , 5 10 . Determine the stresses of the plate
(disc) in the x’-y’ coordinate system! Calculate the elongation of
the plate along its thickness. Material constants are: E = 210 GPa,
0.3.

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 Structures 1.
2018.

4. In the isotropic disc below, 60 N/mm and 60 N/mm uniform stress field
acts. 210 kN/mm , 20 mm, ν 0.3.

a) Show by the equilibrium equations that the disc is not loaded on its surface.
b) Determine and sketch the loads at the edges in the global and in the local
coordinate system parallel to the edges. (Arrowheads have to point in the direction
of the loads.)
c) In which special stress-state is the disc?
5. By application of superposition and the solution
of Boussinesq, in case of the infinite half disc
loaded as shown (F=25,0 kN, a=1,2 m)
a) Calculate the stresses in points 1-4.
b) Name the special stress-state at each
point.
c) Check the resistance in Point 3 with the
Rankine, Tresca and von Mises (HMH)
failure criteria.
6. A steel plate is assumed to be in hydrostatic state. In order to determine the real stress
state, strains that occur in case of drilling a hole (with radius 15 mm) are registered by
strain gauges. Measured radial strain at a point 50 mm away from the middle of the drilled
hole is ! 20 10 " 20 #, Material constants: 210 GPa, 0.
a) Calculate the original stresses in this point. (The strain gauge registers the strain
difference between the original state (without a hole, before drilling) and the final
state (with a hole).)
b) What is the expected value of the measured tangential strain if hydrostatic original
stress state is assumed?

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 Structures 1.
2018.

7. A finite element model of a hole in a disc which is assumed to be infinite is shown in the
figure. The disc is in uni-axial stress state with σy0=10 MPa in the y direction. The figure
represents the vertical normal stresses (σy) calculated by the program. The normal
stresses calculated by the program at 4 nodes on the edge of the hole are presented on
the figure.

a) Calculate and compare the theoretical results to the results of the program.
b) Evaluate the model and its results.
c) What is the reason for the 1.8 MPa and 2.75 MPa stresses on the top and bottom
of the hole? How would you improve the model?
For extra points: make a finite element model that gives better approximation for the stress
state around the hole.

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