UNIT 1

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
 HARDWARE INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS

✤ MAGIC LATERN

✤ EPIDIASCOPE

✤ PROJECTORS

✤ RADIO

✤ TAPE RECORDER
 HARDWARE INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS

✤ TELEVISION

✤ CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV)

✤ VIDEOTAPE

✤ MOTION PICTURES

✤ COMPUTERS
 MAGIC LANTERN

Projecting pictures form a slide on a wall or screen

 EPIDIASCOPE

The epidiascope capable of projecting images of both opaque and

transparent images
 EPIDIASCOPE

1. Advantages of Epidiascope in class room teaching .

 PROJECTORS

A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image

(or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen.

2. Advantages of projector in class room teaching

 RADIO BROADCASTING

Radio broadcasting is transmission by radio waves intended to reach a wide audience

3. Advantages and Limitations

 TELEVISION & CCTV

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of video cameras to
transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from broadcast television in that
the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint (P2MP),
or mesh wired or wireless links.
TELEVISION & CCTV

4. Uses of CCTV
VIDEO TAPE & MOTION PICTURES
VIDEO TAPE & MOTION PICTURES

5. Advantages
COMPUTERS

6. Advantages
INTERACTIVE BOARD
 SOFTWARE INSTUCTIONAL AIDS

BLACK BOARD CHALKBOARD

BULLETIN BOARD
FLANNEL BOARD
PICTURES
GRAPHS
CHARTS
MAPS
GLOBES
DIAGRAMS
PHOTOGRAPHS
CARTOONS
 SOFTWARE INSTUCTIONAL AIDS

POSTERS
FLASH CARDS
DIORAMAS
SLIDES
MODELS
TRANSPARENCIES
PROGRAMMED LEARNING PACKAGES
BLACK BOARD OR CHALK BOARD

A blackboard (also known as a

chalkboard) is a reusable writing
surface on which text or drawings
are made with sticks of calcium
sulfate or calcium carbonate,
known, when used for this
purpose, as chalk.

7. How to use black board effectively in the classroom ?

BULLETIN BOARD OR INFORMATION
BOARD

A bulletin board (pin board, pin board,

noticeboard, or notice board in British
English) is a surface intended for the
posting of public messages, for example,
to advertise items wanted or for sale,
announce events, or provide information.

8. Educational use of bulletin board.

9. What should be displayed on a bulletin board ?
10. How to use bulletin board effectively ?
 FLANNEL BOARD

Flannel board is a storytelling system that uses a board covered with

flannel fabric, usually resting on an easel.
11. Uses of flannel board
 PICTURES

HARAPPA CIVILIZATION
PICTURES

INDIAN LEADERS

12. How do you effectively use of pictures in the classroom ?

GRAPHS

A graph or chart or diagram is

a diagrammatical illustration of a
set of data.

13. Explain different types of Graph ?

CHARTS- TREE CHART
CHARTS- TIME CHART
CHARTS- FLOW CHART
 CHARTS- TABLE CHART

14. Importance of charts.

15. Types of charts.
16. Preparation of charts.
 MAPS

A map is a symbolic visual representation of an area

 MAPS

17. Explain the educational uses of maps ?

18. Explain the different kinds of maps ?
19. How to make effective use of maps in classrooms ?
GLOBES- PHYSICAL GLOBE
GLOBES- POLITICAL GLOBE
 GLOBES- SPECIAL PURPOSE GLOBE

20. Types of globes.

21. Effective use of globes.
 DIAGRAMS

A diagram is a symbolic representation of information according to some visualization technique

 DIAGRAMS

22. Preparation of diagrams

23. Educational uses of diagrams
CARTOONS

Is a visual graphic aid in the form of pictorial

representation of an object, person,
organisation, idea or situation which uses
symbolism, humour, satire and some bold
exaggeration to convey a message or point of
view as quickly as possible

24. Educational uses of cartoons

25. Selection and uses of cartoons
POSTERS
 POSTERS

26. Advantages of posters

27. Effective use of posters
 MODELS

28. Importance of models

 DIORAMAS

A three dimensional visual representation of a scene in a miniature form

represented with the help of miniature objects and with back grounds in
actual perspective
29. Educational uses of Dioramas
PROGRAMMED LEARNING