Comp. Variable Compression Ratio Scfsde With Eddy Current Dynamometer

COMPUTERISED VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO
SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL

ENGINE WITH EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER
S.P.ENGINEERS
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified company
JOB NAME:-

Head Office: -
Flat No: 101, Rushabh Heritage, Near Shrigeri Math,
Left Bhusari Colony, Kothrud Depot, Pune-411038
M.S (INDIA) Telfax; 91-20-2528 3544, 2528 6503
Email: spgroup06@gmail.com
Website: www.sp-group.com
S.P.ENGINEERS Page 0
INDEX
SR.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
1 COMPONENT LIST 1
2 PRECAUTION SHEET 2
3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 5
4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 6
5 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 10
6 SOFWARE PROCEDURE 11
7 OPERATION PROCEDURE 13
8 SPECIFICATION & OBSERVATION TABLE 20
9 CALCULATIONS PROCEDURE & RESULT 21
TABLE
10 WARRANTY CERTIFICATE 26
1. COMPONENT LIST
After unpacking the consignment you will find the following items mounted on the main
structure.
 Base frame – Made up of ms C channel duly powder coated.
 I.C. Engine: Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine.
 Eddy Current Dynamometer with controller.
 Air Box with fan & Optical sensor for air rpm measurement.
 Inductive sensor for engine rpm measurement.
 Load Cell for load measurement
 Exhaust gas Calorimeter
 Fuel measurement system –
Level switch, Timer, Solenoid valve (3 Nos.)
 K-type Thermocouple for temperature measurement
 Pressure sensor
 Encoder for theta measurement
 Electrical Console it Consists of
o Engine & Air RPM transmitter along with Indicator
o Load transmitter along with Indicator
o Ambient Temp. transmitter along with Indicator
o Data acquisition card
o Eddy Current Controller
 Lab-view Software
 Transmitting panel
 Fuel Tank
 Mains switch
 Mains Indicator
(a) Kindly remove the all-packing material & clean the components with cloth. Please
check the components as per list mentioned above. If you have any difficulty please
feel free to contact us.
(b) Follow the installation procedure carefully.
2. PRECAUTIONS
A. ELECTRICAL:
1. Before experimentation check all electrical connections visually. If there is
any loose connection, tight them.
2. Use 230 V AC supply with proper Earthing for the control panel.
3. Ensure that battery terminals of electrically start engines are properly
connected.
B. MECHANICAL:
1. Keep the trainer on rigid surface & well-ventilated
room. Keep the trainer at least 1 meter away from the nearest wall to allow
proper air circulation.
2. Before starting the experimentation check the equipment to ensure that
there are no loose assemblies.
3. Check that all rotating parts are properly fastened using bolts.
4. Check mounting bolts of engine, generator, magnetic coupling etc are
fastened properly, tighten the bolts if required.
C. OPERATIONAL:
1. Use only soft water, free from impurities for engine, calorimeter.
2. Ensure that cooling water is supplied to dynamometer at pressure not less
than 1 to 1.5 bar.
3. Ensure that water flow through engine and calorimeter is at least 600 LPH.
4. Ensure that sufficient quantity of lubrication oil (SAE – 40) available in
‘Lubrication oil sump’.
5. Use only Unleaded Diesel as fuel.
6. Ensure that calorimeter water and engine coolant is continuously
circulated through the system.
7. Care should be taken to maintain constant flow rate of water through
engine and calorimeter throughout the trial.
8. Run the engine at no load for 2 - 3 minutes.
9. Do not change load on engine suddenly, instead load / unload engine
gradually.
10. While unloading the engine, simultaneously decrease the engine speed (for
variable speed engines).
11. While changing load care should be taken to increase load before float
reaches to upper limit and timer resets; otherwise next timer reading
should be noted.
12. Before ending the experiment, bring the engine to the no load condition
and then stop the engine after 2-3 minutes.
13. Run the Entire System at least once in week.
14. Do not increase, speed above 3000 RPM.
15. Don’t increase Engine speed suddenly.
3. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
1. Remove the packing material and clean the components with dry clothes. Clean
the trainer with dry cloth. Mount the engine along with base frame on a concrete
surface to minimize vibration. Adequate distance (about 1 m) should be kept
between the trainer & the nearest wall / walls.
2. Please check the components as per enclosed components.
3. Keep the trainer on rigid surface.
4. Provide single phase 230 AC supply with proper earthing to the trainer.
5. Provide cooling water from tap connection available in lab the trainer and put the
outlet in drainage line.
6. Put diesel in the fuel tank mounted on the panel.
7. Check the oil level and fill up necessary.
8. Remove air from Fuel lines and fuel pump.
9. Connect battery.
10. Start water supply to calorimeter and engine. Adjust calorimeter water and coolant
flow rate to 500 LPH.
11. Give 230 V A.C. supply to the trainer by connecting the Three-pin top provided
with the trainer to the Distribution board in your laboratory. Switch ON the supply.
12. Start the engine. Switch on the mains switch.
13. Increase engine speed using accelerator
14. Check the display of all indicators.
15. Check the rise in temperatures at different points by rotating the selector switch in
Temperature indicator.
16. Load & unload the engine gradually.
17. Make sure that all components are working properly.
18. Switch off the engine, mains switch.
19. The apparatus is installed and ready for experimentation.
After the engine is installed, do not remove the cooling water connections. These
connections are permanent for all the experiments.
After carrying out the Installation procedure, perform the experiments.
4. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The equipment consists of following parts:
4.1 Base Stand:
Base frame is made up of M.S. C channel and duly powder coated for durability.
The Engines & Dynamometer are mounted on Base frame. The Engines are fixed and
dynamometer is mounted on wheels which slide in a C channel. The engines are
coupled to dynamometer by shaft having universal joints at its both ends.
4.2 Engine:
It is Single cylinder Four stroke diesel engine make: Kirloskar. It is water cooled
constant speed engine.
Specifications:
Make: Brand New – Kirloskar
Model: TV1
Water cooled,
Power: 5HP at 1500 R.P.M.
Stroke 110 mm, Bore 87.5 mm,
Volume: 661 c.c.
Compression ratio 17.5:1
4.3 Variable Compression Ratio Arrangement:

The arrangement consists of auxiliary head manufactured as per the original
one. The screw is attached to head with the help bearing . When the screw is
rotated by the head itself is lifted in angle, resulting in change in clearance volume
of the engine. This leads to change in compression ratio of the engine. The change
in position of can be seen on scale and pointer attached to the screw.
4.3 Eddy current dynamometer:

These machines make use of the principle of electro-magnetic induction to
develop torque and dissipate power. A toothed rotor of high-permeability steel rotates
with a fine clearance between water-cooled steel loss plates. Two annular coils
generate a magnetic field parallel to the machine axis and motion of the rotor gives rise
to changes in the distribution of magnetic flux in the loss plates. This in turn gives rise
to circulating eddy currents and the dissipation of power in the form of electrical
resistive losses. Energy is transferred in the form of heat to cooling water circulating
through passages in the loss plates, while some cooling is achieved by the radial flow
of air in the gaps between rotor and plates. Varying the current Supplied to the annular
exciting coils controls power, and very rapid load changes are possible.
4.4 Rotameter:-
Two rotameter are used in this system for measuring mass of water flowing
through the engine.
4.5 Accelerator Arrangement:

The accelerator arrangement for the engine consists of a slotted bolt and wheel
mounted on panel. By rotating the wheel in clockwise direction, we can increase the
speed of engine.
4.6 Exhaust Gas Calorimeter:

To measure the carried away by exhaust gases, exhaust gas calorimeter is used.
It is basically a counter flow type heat exchanger having set of number of forge steel
tubes in center. Flue gas is passing through this tube & water is flowing over the tube.
Heat is transferred from exhaust gas to the water. Temperatures of air and water
entering and leaving the calorimeter are measured with 4 ‘k’ type thermocouples. Two
separate calorimeters are provided for two engines. By knowing the temperatures of
gas and water at entry and exit, heat carried away by exhaust gas can be calculated.
4.7 Air Flow Measuring Device:

The air box is used to measure the amount of air intake by the engine. The air
box is fitted with a fan at its inlet. By measuring the rotations of the fan, air consumption
of the engine can be determined. The air box acts as a damping reservoir to damp the
air pulses. Both engines are provided with separate air boxes.
4.8 Measuring instruments / Indicators / Switches:

a) Fuel measurement unit: Each fuel tank is provided with fuel measurement unit
comprising of float operated level switch, Solenoid valve and Digital timer. The
level sensor is fitted in a cylindrical container. When the fuel level in the
container starts decreasing, the timer starts and when float reaches Lower limit,
the timer stops so that time required for consumption of measured quantity of
fuel can be measured. When float is at lower limit, supply signal is sent to
Solenoid valve which opens and fuel starts flowing into the container. When the
container is filled with fuel, float is at Upper limit, supply for solenoid is cutoff and
as soon as fuel level starts decreasing, timer starts again.
b) Load cell: The Load cell is connected to the swinging field generator. It
measures the Load acting on the generator due to torque generated. It is
basically a stress - strain gauge
c) Load indicator: The digital load indicator indicates the load acting on generator
measured by load cell connected to the dynamometer.
d) Inductive RPM sensor: The engine speed is measured by means of an inductive

RPM sensor. The sensor sends a pulse when a metallic part passes in front of it.
These pulses are sent to the indicator which in turns displays the engine speed.
e) Optical RPM sensor: The Air fan speed is measured by means of an Optical
RPM sensor. The sensor sends a pulse when a radium part passes in front of it.
These pulses are sent to the indicator which in turns displays the engine speed.
f) RPM indicator: The RPM indicator displays engine speed in RPM measured by
inductive sensor.
g) K’ type thermocouples: ‘K’ type thermocouples suitable for high temperature

measurements are used to measure the temperatures at different points. The
temperatures measured by thermocouples are indicated in software. The
sequence for temperatures on indicator is as follows –
T1 – Exhaust gas inlet temperature
T2 – Exhaust gas outlet temperature
T3 – Calorimeter water inlet temperature
T4 – Calorimeter outlet temperature
T5 – Engine coolant inlet temperature
T6 – Engine coolant outlet temperature
T7 – Ambient temperature
h) RTD (PT – 100): The ambient temperature is measured by Resistance type RTD
(PT – 100) sensor. The sensor output is transmitted by transmitter to the
computer.
i) Pressure sensor: The Piezoelectric transducer type sensor measures pressure

inside combustion cylinder. The sensor signal is conditioned by the Pressure
transmitter and transmitted to computer.
j) Encoder: The encoder measures crank angle and gives signal when piston is at
TDC (Top Dead Center)
5. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The system is used for study of Single cylinder four stroke diesel engine & its
calculation is important feature of this trainer. System is having unique feature of
calculating different efficiencies of internal combustion engine including heat balance
sheet. The engine & dynamometer is mounted on base structure.
The system is designed in such fashion that easily operates; demonstrates &
requisite experimentation can be performed. System has facility of measuring Engine
brake load, speed, consumption of air, consumption of fuel, temperature at different
locations, and mass flow of water.
System is having unique feature of direct reading & automatic calculating all
efficiency & heat balance sheet of internal combustion engine. The online graphical
representation of important parameter is displayed on screen to see effect of change in
load or speed. Final result & graph are in built available in software. System has facility
of measuring engine brake load, speed, consumption of air, consumption of fuel,
temperature at different locations, and mass flow of water.
System is also having unique feature of direct engine pressure & crank angle &
volume resp. can be measured & plotted on computer screen.
6. SOFTWARE OPERATION PROCEDURE

1. Copies the folder ENGINE – SOFT from the CD supplied and paste it on D or E
drive.
2. Create a new folder named RESULTS on the same drive. Do not keep any other
files on the D drive.
3. To run the software double click on ‘COMP ENGINE TEST BED ICON’
on desktop, flashing ‘WELCOME’ screen will open and disappear after few
seconds leaving behind ‘MAIN MENU’ screen.
4. Select the experiment to be conducted by clicking on ‘PROCEDURE’ button;
‘EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE’ window will open.
5. Click on ‘Auto mode’ button to start the experiment or click on ‘Manual mode’
to study the engine performance on basis of previous readings. In Manual mode
one can enter various parameters like Load, Engine RPM etc and study the
engine performance. In Auto mode actual measured parameters will be
displayed and we can study the engine performance on basis of them.
6. In Auto mode when all parameters are displayed, click on ‘Graph’ button to see
the variation of parameters with time.
7. Click ‘Store’ button to store the readings.
8. When set of readings are stored, click ‘End’ button to end the experiment; you
will be directed to OBSERVATION TABLE and RESULT TABLE.
9. Click ‘Print’ tables’ button to print the tables.
10. Click ‘Calculations’ button to see the Formulae used for calculations.
11. To store the tables, type file name in text box provided and click on ‘Save
readings’ button.
12. To see the performance graphs click on Graph button. The graphs can be saved
by following the procedure mentioned earlier.
13. Use ‘Return’ button to exit and return to previous window.
14. Use ‘Exit’ button in ‘SELECT ENGINE’ window to exit the software.
15. To access the saved Readings and graphs, follow the following path –
My computer – Local disk drive – engine folder – file saved with
given name & date – open the file using the excel sheet.
16. All the readings and graphs will be saved in the mentioned folder and can be
accessed.
17. If a table was saved by name ‘AMT’; Format of filenames of the saved files will
be like ‘1-10-06AMT’ i.e. date on which trails were conducted followed by
specified file name.
18. The result tables can open in M.S. Word / Excel / Notepad. It is recommended to
use M.S. Excel to open these files.
7. OPERATION PROCEDURE
7.1 Objective: To check the engine performance
7.1.1 Aim:
1. To plot brake specific fuel consumption on the basic of calculated brake mean
effective pressure
2. Calculation of Mechanical Efficiency & Plot brake power versus mechanical
efficiency.
3. Measurement & Calculation of Volumetric efficiency.
4. Measurement & calculation of specific fuel consumption.
5. Measurement & calculation of brake thermal efficiency.
6. Determining air / fuel ratios.
7. To study the change in the compression ratio.
7.1.2 Experimental Procedure:
1. Ensure that sufficient fuel is available in fuel Tank.
2. Give 230 V A.C. supplies to the trainer by connecting the Three-pin top provided
with the trainer to the Distribution board in your laboratory. Switch on the supply.
3. Provide cooling water to Engine, Dynamometer & exhaust gas calorimeter.
4. Switch ON Mains Switch mounted on electrical console. Ensure that all indicators
are displaying readings.
5. Open the fuel supply Valve of engine.
6. Connect the cable between card & connector block.
7. Start the computer. Wait up to ICON base screen occurs.
8. Double click on the icon of Main Menu of COMPUTERIZED ENGINE TEST RIG.
9. We can see the biking photo of system for some time. After that you will come to a
‘MAIN SCREEN’ window. If you want to exit through the program, click on the ‘EXIT’
button.
10. Now you can select the experiment you want to run form the list by clicking on the
button of the ‘PROCEDURE’ icon in front of Performance Test. We can see the
Experimental procedure on ‘READ PROCEDURE’ window. We can take a print of
Experimental procedure by clicking on ‘PRINT’ button.
11. Use RETURN button to go back to previous screen.
12. Run the software program in AUTO mode. Perform the experiments with help of
Experimental Procedure.
13. Start the engine & Run the engine in idle for some time.
14. Run the engine at 1500 rpm under no load condition. Let the engine stabilize.
15. Observe that fuel-high blinks once.
16. Wait till the fuel low blinks once. Store the readings by clicking STORE button. Care
should be taken that Reading should be stored before the fuel high blinks once
again. You will observe that after blinking fuel high Timer reading will be to zero.
17. Load the engine using handle provided on the dynamometer.
18. Note down readings as per observation table.
19. Load the engine upto its maximum capacity in AUTO / Manual mode.
a. In manual mode, first put the toggle switch in manual mode & load the engine by
increasing the current through the eddy current control panel.
b. In AUTO mode, first put the toggle switch in AUTO mode & load the engine by
increasing the current through computer.
20. Store the readings from 0% load to 100% load following above procedure.
21. Click on END Button for completing observations and going to observation cum
Result table.
22. Save the observation and result tables by naming in file-name text box and click on
Save Readings Button.
23. Click on PRINT TABLES Button for printing the Observation and Result tables.
24. Click on graph of Individual Experiments for plotting graphs.
25. Click on the Print button for plotting graph and return button for returning to
Observation and Result tables.
26. Click on CALCULATIONS Button for observing calculation procedure.
27. Click on PRINT button for printing calculation procedure and return Button for
returning to observation cum result table.
28. Click Return button to returning to Observation window. Subsequently click Return
Button for returning to Index. Click on the EXIT Button to stop the Experimentation.
29. Now stop the engine using cut off switch.
30. Now un tighten the screws on the side of the head. Then By rotating the lead screw
on Auxiliary head increase the clearance volume.
31. Note down the reading of Pointer attached to hand wheel.
32. Repeat the procedure explained earlier and take readings at different clearance
volume.
33. After varying the compression ratio load the engine till its RPM drops below
1500 RPM.
7.2 Objective: To check the Heat Balance Sheet

7.2.1 Aim:
1. To study Percentage Heat Utilized for Brake Power
2. To study Percentage Heat Carried Away by Water
3. To study Percentage Heat Carried Away by Exhaust Gas
4. To study Percentage Heat Unaccounted
7.2.2 Experimental Procedure:

4. Switch ON Mains Switch mounted on electrical console. Ensure that all
indicators are displaying readings.
9. We can see the biking photo of system for some time. After that you will come to
a ‘MAIN SCREEN’ window. If you want to exit through the program, click on
the ‘EXIT’ button.
10. Now you can select the experiment you want to run form the list by clicking on
the button of the ‘PROCEDURE’ icon present in front of the Heat Balance Test.
We can see the Experimental procedure on ‘READ PROCEDURE’ window. We
can take a print of Experimental procedure by clicking on ‘PRINT’ button.
13. Start the engine & Run the engine in idle for some time.
14. Run the engine at 1500 rpm under no load condition. Let the engine stabilize.
15. Observe that fuel-high blinks once.
16. Wait till the fuel low blinks once. Store the readings by clicking STORE button.
Care should be taken that Reading should be stored before the fuel high blinks
once again. You will observe that after blinking fuel high Timer reading will be to
zero.
17. Load the engine upto its maximum capacity in AUTO / Manual mode.
a. In manual mode, first put the toggle switch in manual mode & load the
engine by increasing the current through the eddy current control panel.
b. In AUTO mode, first put the toggle switch in AUTO mode & load the
engine by increasing the current through computer.
18. Store the readings from 0% load to 100% load following above procedure.
19. Click on END Button for completing observations and going to observation cum
Result table.
20. Save the observation and result tables by naming in file-name text box and click
on Save Readings Button.
21. Click on PRINT TABLES Button for printing the Observation and Result tables.
22. Click on graph of Individual Experiments for plotting graphs.
23. Click on the Print button for plotting graph and return button for returning to
Observation and Result tables.
24. Click on CALCULATIONS Button for observing calculation procedure.
25. Click on PRINT button for printing calculation procedure and return Button for
returning to observation cum result table.
26. Click Return button to returning to Observation window. Subsequently click
Return Button for returning to Index. Click on the EXIT Button to stop the
Experimentation.
7.3 Aim: To Study P - Theta & P-V diagram resp.

7.3.1 Procedure:
4. Switch ON Mains Switch mounted on electrical console. Ensure that all
indicators are displaying readings.
9. We can see the biking photo of system for some time. After that you will come to
a ‘MAIN SCREEN’ window. If you want to exit through the program, click on
the ‘EXIT’ button.
10. Now you can select the experiment you want to run form the list by clicking on
the button of the ‘PROCEDURE’ icon present in front of the P-Theta / P-V . We
can see the Experimental procedure on ‘READ PROCEDURE’ window. We can
take a print of Experimental procedure by clicking on ‘PRINT’ button.
13. Ensure that Engine is not loaded. i.e Load Output is at 0 %.
14. Observe the Online Pressure and theta pulses.
15. Click on STORE DATA Button. This will store data of pressure and theta. This
will be converted to P-V / P-THETA diagram automatically.
16. Store the graph by giving some file name.
17. To take another set of reading click on Return button to go to Experimental
procedure sheet & then again clock on Auto button.
18. Click on Return button for returning to Experimental sheet.
19. Click Return button to returning to Experimental sheet. Subsequently click
Return Button for returning to Index.
20. Now stop the engine using cut off switch.
21. Now un tighten the screws on the side of the head. Then By rotating the lead
screw on Auxiliary head increase the clearance volume.
22. Note down the reading of Pointer attached to hand wheel.
23. Repeat the procedure explained earlier and take readings at different clearance
volume.
24. After varying the compression ratio load the engine till its RPM drops
below 1500 RPM.
8. SPECIFICATIONS & OBSERVATION TABLE
8.1SPECIFICATIONS
1. Bore 87.5 mm
2. Stroke 110 mm
3. Density of Diesel 840 kg/m3
4. Calorific value of Diesel 42000 KJ/Kg
8.2 Observation Table for both Performance Test & Heat Balance test
Fuel
Engine Air Fan Mean Engine
Consumption
Sr. speed Speed Load Effective Rotameter
(kg/sec)
N Na (Kg) Pressure reading
(rpm) (rpm) (Bar) (LPH)
Calorimeter T2
T1 T3 T4 T5 T6
Rotameter Exhaust
Exhaust Calorimeter Calorimeter Engine Engine
reading Gas
Gas In. Water In. Water Out. Water In. Water
(LPH) Out.
Out.
9. CALCULATIONS & RESULT

 Performance Test
1. Engine Brake Power:

2 × П × N × (W× 9.81 × r)
Brake Power = --------------------------------------- KW
60000
Where,
W – Load Applied
r – Radial distance of load from the center of dynamometer = 150mm
N – Engine rpm
2. Indicated Power:
n X 100 X Pm (Ind) X L X A X N
I.P. = ------------------------------------------
2 X 60
Where
L = Stroke length in meter = 0.110 m
A =Bore Area = (3.14XD2/4)
D = Bore diameter in meter =0.0875 m
N =Engine speed in RPM
n = No .of cylinders = 1
3. Mechanical Efficiency
Brake Power
Mechanical Efficiency (ŋ m) = --------------------------- X 100
Indicated Power
= %
4. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (B.S.F.C.)
Q fuel = Quantity of Fuel in ml x 10 -3 X density of diesel in (kg/m3)

1000
= --------------- Kg
Kg. of fuel (Q fuel)

Fuel Consumption (T.F.C.) = ---------------------------------------
Time in second (t)
= Kg/Sec
T.F.C. (kg. / Sec)
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption = ----------------------------- Kg. / Sec. kw
Brake Power in (K.W.)
5. Brake Mean effective Pressure (b.m.e.p.)
Brake Power
Brake Mean effective Pressure = ----------------------------
4 x 100 x L x A x N / 2
= ……………..bar
Where,
2 2
A= Bore Area in m =  / 4 (D) ………D = Bore of engine (m) = 0.0875 m
L = Stroke of engine (m) = 0.11 m
N = Speed of engine (rpm)
6. Brake thermal Efficiency (ŋ B.T.)
Fuel Intake Power = T.F.C. in kg. / Sec. X calorific value of Fuel

= …………………KW
Where,
For calorific value of Diesel = KJ / Kg.
Brake Power
Brake thermal Efficiency (ŋ B.T.) = -------------------------- X 100
Fuel Intake Power
7. Volumetric Efficiency (ŋ v)
Air Intake
% Volumetric Efficiency (ŋ v) = -------------------------------- X 100 %
Theoretical Air Volume
1XLXAXN
Theoretical Air Volume = --------------------------
2 X 60
Where,
L = Stroke length in meter = 0.11 m
A = Bore Area = (3.14 X D2/4)
D = Bore diameter in meter = 0.08/75 m
N = Engine speed in RPM
Actual air consumption = Area of Fan X Velocity of air
= rf x 2  Na/60 x  rf2
Where,
rf = r12 – r22
r12 – 0.0375mm, r22 – 0.015mm
8. Air / Fuel ratio
Air Intake in m3/Sec

Air Fuel Ratio = ----------------------------
T.F.C. m3/Sec
Actual air Intake in Kg/Sec = (Actual air consumption in m3/sec X Density of Air)
Density of Air = 1.178 kg/m3
Fuel consumption = T.F.C. in kg. / Sec.
 Heat balance sheet
1. Fuel Intake Power = T.F.C. in kg. / Sec. X calorific value of Fuel

= K W.
Where,
C. V. of Diesel = KJ / Kg.
2. % Heat utilized for Brake Power
Engine Brake Power

% Heat utilized for Brake Power = ------------------------------- X 100
Fuel Intake Power
= %
3. % Heat Carried Away by Exhaust gas
(T1 - T a)
Heat carried away by exhaust gas = --------------- X m calori. X Cp X (T4-T3)
(T1 – T 2)
Where,
T1 – Temperature of Exhaust Gas In
T2 – Temperature of Exhaust Gas Out.
Ta - Ambient Temperature.
m calori - Quantity of water passing through exhaust gas calorimeter.

= LPH / (3600 x 1000) Kg/sec
T3 – Temperature of Calorimeter Water In.
T4 – Temperature of Calorimeter Water Out.
Cp – 4.1868
Heat carried away by exhaust gas
% Heat Carried Away by Exhaust gas = ---------------------------------------X 100
Fuel Intake Power
d) % Heat carried away by cooling Water
Heat Carried Away by cooling Water = m engine X Cp X (T6-T5)

Where,
m engine = Quantity of water passing through Engine.

Cp = 4.1868
T5 = Temperature of Engine Water In.
T6 = Temperature of Engine Water Out
Heat Carried Away by cooling Power
% Heat Carried Away by cooling Water = ------------------------------------X 100
Fuel Intake Power
e) % Heat Unaccounted
Heat Unaccounted = Fuel Intake Power - (Heat utilized for Brake Power + Heat carried
away by exhaust gas + Heat Carried Away by cooling Water)
= KW
Heat Unaccounted
% Heat Unaccounted = ----------------------------- X 100
Fuel Intake Power
RESULT TABLE
Sr. Brake I. P. B.S.F.C B.M.E.P Mechanical Volumetric Brake Air

No. Power Efficiency Efficiency thermal Fuel
Eff. Ratio
Heat balance sheet
Sr. Fuel % Heat % Heat % Heat % Heat

No. Intake utilized for
MANUFACTURERSCarried Away Carried
WARRANTY Away Unaccounted
CERTIFICATE
Power Brake Power
TO by Exhaust
WHOMSOEVER IT MAYby Cooling
CONCERN
gas water
PURCHASE ORDER:
PLACED BY:
ITEM DISCRIPTION: COMPUTERISED VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO
SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE WITH
EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER TEST RIG
QUANTITY: 01 NO.
This is to certify that, the equipments under above reference are thoroughly
inspected before dispatch and therefore can be depended upon for long and trouble-
free service. We undertake to make goods by replacement or repair, defects arising
out of faulty design, material or workmanship within 12 months of the date of
dispatch providing that if we so require the parts in respect of which a claim is made,
must be sent at purchaser’s expense to our works before liability can be entertained
under this clause. Such expenses will be refunded if our liability is admitted.
Bought out components are guaranteed by us only to the extent of guarantees
given to us by our suppliers. Electrical components such as motors, dimmer stat etc.,
and instruments such as dial gauges etc., are however not covered under this
warranty.
This warranty is valid subject to
1. Installation having been completed within one months of dispatch of the
equipment and as per our installation instructions.
2. The supply/installation having been formally accepted
3. The equipment or part thereof not being subject to accident, alteration, abuse
or misuse.
4. The equipment being operated and maintained as per our operation and
maintenance manual
For S. P. ENGINEERS
AUTHORIZED SIGNATORY

Comp. Variable Compression Ratio Scfsde With Eddy Current Dynamometer

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Comp. Variable Compression Ratio Scfsde With Eddy Current Dynamometer

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COMPUTERISED VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO

SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE DIESEL

COMPUTERISED VARIABLE COMPRESSION RATIO

Flat No: 101, Rushabh Heritage, Near Shrigeri Math,

Left Bhusari Colony, Kothrud Depot, Pune-411038

M.S (INDIA) Telfax; 91-20-2528 3544, 2528 6503

SR.NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

4.3 Variable Compression Ratio Arrangement:

4.3 Eddy current dynamometer:

4.5 Accelerator Arrangement:

4.6 Exhaust Gas Calorimeter:

4.7 Air Flow Measuring Device:

4.8 Measuring instruments / Indicators / Switches:

d) Inductive RPM sensor: The engine speed is measured by means of an inductive

g) K’ type thermocouples: ‘K’ type thermocouples suitable for high temperature

i) Pressure sensor: The Piezoelectric transducer type sensor measures pressure

6. SOFTWARE OPERATION PROCEDURE

7.1.2 Experimental Procedure:

1. Ensure that sufficient fuel is available in fuel Tank.

7.2 Objective: To check the Heat Balance Sheet

7.2.2 Experimental Procedure:

1. Ensure that sufficient fuel is available in fuel Tank.

7.3 Aim: To Study P - Theta & P-V diagram resp.

8. SPECIFICATIONS & OBSERVATION TABLE

9. CALCULATIONS & RESULT

1. Engine Brake Power:

4. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (B.S.F.C.)

Q fuel = Quantity of Fuel in ml x 10 -3 X density of diesel in (kg/m3)

Kg. of fuel (Q fuel)

Brake Power in (K.W.)

5. Brake Mean effective Pressure (b.m.e.p.)

6. Brake thermal Efficiency (ŋ B.T.)

Fuel Intake Power = T.F.C. in kg. / Sec. X calorific value of Fuel

r12 – 0.0375mm, r22 – 0.015mm

8. Air / Fuel ratio

Air Intake in m3/Sec

Density of Air = 1.178 kg/m3

Fuel consumption = T.F.C. in kg. / Sec.

 Heat balance sheet

1. Fuel Intake Power = T.F.C. in kg. / Sec. X calorific value of Fuel

2. % Heat utilized for Brake Power

Engine Brake Power

m calori - Quantity of water passing through exhaust gas calorimeter.

d) % Heat carried away by cooling Water

Heat Carried Away by cooling Water = m engine X Cp X (T6-T5)

m engine = Quantity of water passing through Engine.

Sr. Brake I. P. B.S.F.C B.M.E.P Mechanical Volumetric Brake Air

Sr. Fuel % Heat % Heat % Heat % Heat

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