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acceleration
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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
1.2 Motion
Core Supplement
• Define speed and calculate average • Distinguish between speed and velocity
speed from total time / total distance • Define and calculate acceleration using
• Plot and interpret a speed-time graph or time taken change of velocity
a distance- time graph • Calculate speed from the gradient of a
• Recognise from the shape of a speed- distance-time graph
time graph when a body is • Calculate acceleration from the gradient
– at rest of a speed-time graph
– moving with constant speed • Recognise linear motion for which the
– moving with changing speed acceleration is constant
• Calculate the area under a speed-time • Recognise motion for which the
graph to work out the distance travelled acceleration is not constant
for motion with constant acceleration • Understand deceleration as a negative
• Demonstrate understanding that acceleration
acceleration and deceleration are related • Describe qualitatively the motion of
to changing speed including qualitative bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field
analysis of the gradient of a speed-time with and without air resistance (including
graph reference to terminal velocity)
• State that the acceleration of free fall
for a body near to the Earth is constant
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Average speed+= Distance moved
Time taken
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Average speed+= Distance moved
Time taken
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Average speed+= Distance moved
Time taken
Example:
A
Car travels 50m
time 2s
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So if that’s
speed, what is
velocity?
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Velocity is speed in a given
direction.
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Velocity is speed in a given
direction.
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Example:
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Example:
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Example:
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Example:
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Example:
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What’s your
vector Victor?
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What’s your
vector Victor?
Quantities such as
velocity are called
vectors because they
have size and direction
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Acceleration is the rate at which an
object increases speed or velocity.
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Acceleration is the rate at which an
object increases speed or velocity.
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Acceleration is the rate at which an
object increases speed or velocity.
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Acceleration is the rate at which an
object increases speed or velocity.
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Example: a drag car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
a = v - u
t
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Example: a drag car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
a = v - u
t
a = 60 – 0
3
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Example: a drag car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
a = v - u
t
a = 60 – 0
3
a = 60 = 20m/s-2
3
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Example: a drag car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
a = v - u
t
a = 60 – 0
3
a = 60 = 20m/s-2
3
Don’t forget that
acceleration is a vector
– it has size and
direction
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Deceleration (retardation)
Deceleration
is negative
acceleration –
the object is
slowing down.
Eg. – 4m/s2
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Constant acceleration example
6s
A B
Car passes point A with a velocity of 10m/s. It has a steady (constant) acceleration of
4m/s2. What is the velocity when it passes point B?
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Constant acceleration example
6s
A B
Car passes point A with a velocity of 10m/s. It has a steady (constant) acceleration of
4m/s2. What is the velocity when it passes point B?
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Constant acceleration example
6s
A B
Car passes point A with a velocity of 10m/s. It has a steady (constant) acceleration of
4m/s2. What is the velocity when it passes point B?
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Constant acceleration example
6s
A B
Car passes point A with a velocity of 10m/s. It has a steady (constant) acceleration of
4m/s2. What is the velocity when it passes point B?
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Travelling at constant speed
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Stationary
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Travelling at constant
speed
Stationary
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Speed = distance
time
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Speed = distance
time
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Speed = distance
time
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Speed = distance
time
Speed = 8 = 1 km/h
8
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
Steady acceleration
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
Steady velocity
Steady acceleration
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
Steady velocity
Steady deceleration
Steady acceleration
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
Acceleration = V - U
t
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
Acceleration = V - U
t
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Acceleration from velocity : time graph
Acceleration = 3 – 0 / 2
= 1.5 m/s/s (m.s-2)
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Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20 Acceleration = 40 - 0 = 4m/s2
10
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
m/s 40
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20 Acceleration = 20 - 0 = 2m/s2
10
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a velocity:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20 Acceleration = 0 - 60 = -3m/s2
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60
Velocity
m/s 40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60
Area =
Velocity 200m2
m/s 40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
Area =
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 400m2
Area =
Velocity 200m2
m/s 40
20
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Remember that the area of a
Area =
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 400m2
Area =
Velocity 200m2
m/s 40
20 Area =
400m2
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Area =
100m2 Remember that the area of a
Area =
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 400m2
Area =
Velocity 200m2
m/s 40
20 Area =
400m2
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Area =
100m2 Remember that the area of a
Area =
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 400m2
Area =
Velocity 200m2
m/s 40
Area =
20 Area =
400m2 600m2
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
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Velocity-time graphs
On a velocity – time (or speed – time) graph, the area under the line is numerically
equal to the distance travelled.
80
Area =
100m2 Remember that the area of a
Area =
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 400m2
Area =
Velocity 200m2
m/s 40
Area =
20 Area =
400m2 600m2
0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
The total distance travelled = 200 + 400 + 400 + 100 + 600 = 1700m
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Free fall
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Acceleration of free fall (g)
Which object
will hit the
ground first?
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Acceleration of free fall (g)
Which object
will hit the
ground first?
Obviously the
brick (because the
feather is slowed
much more by the
air)
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Acceleration of free fall (g)
No air
resistance,
objects both
fall with the
same downward
acceleration.
In a
In air
vacuum
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Acceleration of free fall (g)
No air
resistance,
objects both
fall with the
same downward
acceleration.
Acceleration of
free fall =
9.8m/s2
In a Given the
In air
vacuum symbol ‘g’
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Acceleration of free fall (g)
No air
resistance,
objects both
fall with the
same downward
acceleration.
Acceleration of
free fall =
9.8m/s2
In a Given the
In air
vacuum symbol ‘g’
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Acceleration and gravity
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Acceleration and gravity
Falling objects
accelerate towards
The atmosphere
the ground at
creates an upward
10m/s2 due to
force that slows
gravity. The force
down falling
of gravity always
objects. This is
acts towards the
known as air
centre of the
resistance or drag.
Earth.
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Acceleration and gravity
Falling objects
accelerate towards
The atmosphere
the ground at
creates an upward
10m/s2 due to
force that slows
gravity. The force
down falling
of gravity always
objects. This is
acts towards the
known as air
centre of the
resistance or drag.
Earth.
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Acceleration and gravity
Falling objects
accelerate towards
The atmosphere
the ground at
creates an upward
10m/s2 due to
force that slows
gravity. The force
down falling
of gravity always
objects. This is
acts towards the
known as air
centre of the
resistance or drag.
Earth.
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Acceleration and gravity
Speed (m/s)
Drag
Time (s)
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Acceleration and gravity
Drag
B As speed increases, so
does drag; the acceleration
Speed (m/s)
decreases
Weight
Time (s)
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Acceleration and gravity
Drag
Terminal velocity
C
Weight
Speed (m/s)
Time (s)
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LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
1.2 Motion
Core Supplement
• Define speed and calculate average • Distinguish between speed and velocity
speed from total time / total distance • Define and calculate acceleration using
• Plot and interpret a speed-time graph or time taken change of velocity
a distance- time graph • Calculate speed from the gradient of a
• Recognise from the shape of a speed- distance-time graph
time graph when a body is • Calculate acceleration from the gradient
– at rest of a speed-time graph
– moving with constant speed • Recognise linear motion for which the
– moving with changing speed acceleration is constant
• Calculate the area under a speed-time • Recognise motion for which the
graph to work out the distance travelled acceleration is not constant
for motion with constant acceleration • Understand deceleration as a negative
• Demonstrate understanding that acceleration
acceleration and deceleration are related • Describe qualitatively the motion of
to changing speed including qualitative bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field
analysis of the gradient of a speed-time with and without air resistance (including
graph reference to terminal velocity)
• State that the acceleration of free fall
for a body near to the Earth is constant
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PHYSICS – Speed, velocity and
acceleration
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