Concrete NDT Presentation

28th July 2009

Hanoi, Vietnam

© 2009 Proceq | 27.07.2009

 Proceq‘s Main Markets

Concrete Metal and Paper

p
ƒ Construction Industry ƒ Metal Industry
ƒ Consulting ƒ Consulting
ƒ Analysis / Quality Control ƒ Analysis / Quality Control
ƒ Laboratories / Engineering Institutes ƒ Automotive
ƒ Education ƒ Aviation Industry
ƒ Oil Industry
ƒ Paper and Film Industry

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 Proceq‘s Concrete Portfolio

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 Unique Customer Benefits
off the
th revolutionary
l ti Sil
SilverSchmidt
S h idt
Concrete Test Hammer

© 2009 Proceq | 27.07.2009

 Summary of the Key Benefits

BENEFITS -

ƒ Impact angle independence

ƒ VLM (Very Low Maintenance) factor
ƒ Impact counter
ƒ USB for quick print out
ƒ Integrated regional curves and standards
ƒ Low weight. The N, NR is at least 70% heavier than the SilverSchmidt
ƒ The speed of measurement is greatly increased
ƒ Maximum Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR)

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 Angle Independence

BENEFITS -

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 VLM Factor

BENEFITS -

ƒ Very Low Maintenance (VLM)

ƒ Sealing
Dust and dirt which is a typical problem in conventional
rebound hammers has been practically eliminated in the
SilverSchmidt by the use of seals.
ƒ Calibration
A conventional rebound hammer typically requires re-
calibrating after 1000 impacts
impacts.
ƒ The SilverSchmidt automatically checks the calibration by
<5000
measuring the standard impact energy (e.g. 2.207 Nm)
each and every impact.
ƒ Life Expectancy
p
The impact spring
p g in a conventional rebound hammer is
good for around 5000 impacts before it needs replacing.
ƒ The life expectancy of the impact spring in the
SilverSchmidt has been increased to >10‘000 impacts.

>10 000
>10‘000
(We have example of hammers
lasting up to 15‘000 and even 19‘000
impacts!)

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 Impact Counter

BENEFITS -

ƒ The SilverSchmidt has an integrated impact

counter which enables the user to know
exactly how many impacts have been made Compressive
with the hammer. Impact strength for the
count series
ƒ It also serves as an identifier for each test
series which can be used with reports.
ƒ With a conventional rebound hammer, the
user has no way of accurately knowing how
many impacts
i t have
h b
been maded withith th
the
hammer. This makes it difficult to plan a
Impact counter identifies a
maintenance routine.
measurement series in the review mode
of the Silver Schmidt

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 USB Connector

BENEFITS -

ƒ Connection to any PC for reporting and Hammerlink Software Display

quick printing has been simplified by the
inclusion of a standard USB connector and
driver software.
ƒ This makes it veryy easy
y to translate the
data stored on the SilverSchmidt into
reports.
ƒ The USB connector also enables internet
upgrades
d tto th
the llatest
t t firmware.
fi
ƒ This removes the requirement for paper
rolls

SilverSchmidt –U type

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 Integrated Regional Curves / Standards

BENEFITS -

Custom curve implementation on

ƒ SilverSchmidt automatically implement hammer link.
regional (e.g.
(e g Japanese) standards for
rebound hammer testing.
ƒ SilverSchmidt has the advantage that a
direct readout of compressive
p strength
g is
shown on the device.
ƒ Maximum accuracy is obtained by the use
of custom curves.
ƒ Again SilverSchmidt has the advantage as
the custom curves can be loaded directly
onto the hammer.

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Low Weight

BENEFITS -

ƒ The user friendliness of the SilverSchmidt

has been improved by a significant
reduction in the weight of the unit when
compared to the Original Schmidt. 600 g
ƒ The N/NR hammer is at least 70% heavier
1‘026
1 026 g
than the SilverSchmidt.
ƒ This is less tiring for the user.

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Speed of measurement

BENEFITS -

ƒ It is much faster to make a measurement ƒ SilverSchmidt (<15s) – Fastest method to

series with the SilverSchmidt
SilverSchmidt.
ƒ With the SilverSchmidt the results are
recorded automatically which means the
user can simply
p y continue with makingg the
impacts.
ƒ This increases the speed of operation on
site.
make a measurement series.
series
ƒ Digi-Schmidt (< 30s) – Impact angle
compensation is required.
ƒ NR ((< 30
30s)) – Impact
I t angle
l compensation
ti
and manual check for outliers is required.
ƒ N (> 30s) – Plunger must be locked and the
reading must be noted after each impact
impact.
Impact angle compensation and manual
check for outliers is required.

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 Operating Principle
THEORY -
Rebound value = 75mm
ƒ The SilverSchmidt has a revolutionary measuring R= 100
technique to overcome the limitations of the R-
value.
l
ƒ The N-hammer measures the R-value which is the
distance the hammer mass rebounds following
and impact.
The R
Th R-value
l iis affected
ff t d by
b gravity
it and
d ffriction
i ti on
the guide-rod.

ƒ The SilverSchmidt measures the quotient of

rebound (Q-Value) similar to the Equotip method
and not the travel of the hammer mass following
an impact. Rather it is a comparison of the energy
just before and just after the impact.

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 Original Schmidt Operation Principle – R-value

1
Initial position
Mass
(at Rest) Pawl

2
Preparation
phase
Compression spring
Impact spring
Loading 3
phase

R
7 13 11
Impact
Rebound

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 SilverSchmidt Operation Principle – Q-value

Impact spring
P l
Pawl

Initial p
position
(at Rest)

Photodiode position Mass Compression spring

Loading
phase

Impact
Rebound

Impact velocity Energy (restored)

Q = 100x
7 Rebound velocity Energy (impact)
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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Profometer 5+

Proceq‘s Rebar Detection System

For a user
user-friendly
friendly, compact and accurate
way to detect reinforcement bars and
mesh, to measure their cover depth and
determine the bar diameter,,
Profometer 5+ is simply the best solution
available!

Memory Non-volatile memory for 40‘000 measured values

Display LCD with backlight option

Interface RS232 or with adapter for USB port on PC

Software ProVista for downloading data and evaluation on PC

B tt i
Batteries 6x1
1.5
5 V ffor 45 h operation;
ti 30 h with
ith b
backlight
kli ht on

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Profometer 5+ Main Components

Display unit

ScanCar
Universal p
probe

Less sensitive to
• electrical fields
• fluctuations in
temperature For functions with
Measuring process: displacement
eddy current with measurement
pulse induction
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 Profometer Measurement Method - 1

During scanning the signals are

analyzed by the instrument and
corresponding
p g information is
indicated on the LCD.

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 Profometer Measurement Method - 2

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 Measurement of concrete cover depth

The signal value is

converted to a cover
value in [mm].

signal
strength
The accuracy of the reading
can be improved by setting
the bar diameter.

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Accuracy of the cover depth measurement

Profometer 5+ has two

detection ranges:
Ø : Bar diameter in mm
#: Bar diameter in «Bar size #»
---:: Lowest accuracy limit required
by the standard
BS 1881: Part 204: ±2 mm or ±5 %
PROFOMETER 5+ measures up to
50 % more accurately than required
by this standard.
The accuracy of the concrete cover
indication refers to individual bars.

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 Profometer 5+ Resolution

magnetic
field

The resolution defines

how close together the
bars can be and still allow
a measurement.
The spacing between the bars determines the maximum depth
at which bars of a specific diameter can be distinguished.
This is for parallel bars in the same layer.
e.g. In order to distinguish a 10mm diameter bar at a depth of
100mm, the bar spacing has to be at least 125mm when
measuring on the large range.

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 Determining the bar diameter

• Locate and mark the rebar grid.

• Place probe directly over a bar
with sufficient spacing and press
the up arrow to record the bar
diameter
diameter.

The influence of neighbouring

parallel bars can be corrected
using “neighbouring bar
correction”. Profometer 5+ allows
2-layer correction.

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 Calibration of the equipment

The calibration of the

instrument remains
unchanged,
i.e. a re-calibration is
not required.
req ired

A simple check can be

carried out by use of a
Test Block

Test Block

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Model SCANLOG

The Scanlog model Display of concrete

Same display unit, but allows the arrangement of cover of a large area
more functions rebars to be mapped out.

Probe attached to
ScanCar

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 ProVista Function CyberScan with Scanlog

Data
D t TTransfer
f &
Processing with
ProVista, allows a
representation
p of the
grid to be displayed
showing the cover by
means of a colour
code.
code

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 ProVista „Measurement with Grid“ Function - Model SCANLOG

Data
D t TTransfer
f &
Processing with
ProVista, allows a
large
g areas to be
displayed showing
the cover by means
of a colour code.

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Overview of Major Selling Features

Profoscope
p

Unique Mid-Point Detection

Fully Integrated Handheld Device

„„Real Time“ Bar Detection

Differential Measuring Technology

based on Pulse Induction Method

Interactive Bar Searching Aid

Supports European, Americas and

Asian Markets
Complies with the BS1881:204
Standard

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 Control Unit – 4 Buttons

Profoscope
p
Power on / off

Function Zeroing

Navigation
Keys

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 Sight, Sound and Intelligence

Profoscope
p
Center line

Display

Piezoceramic
Sounder

LED
Indicator

Measurement
Centre

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 Icon Settings Menu

Profoscope
p

Measuring
M i Bar
B Audio
A di Regional
R i l
Range Diameter Settings Settings

Minimum
Mi i Neighboring
N i hb i
Cover Bar Correction

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 Display Measuring Screen

Profoscope
p

Default Bar Measuring

Range Diameter Unit Battery
active Status

Bar Diameter Centerline Cover Value

Rebar
Position

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 Searching for Rebars

Profoscope
p

Arrows indicate proximity of

rebars off
off-screen
screen

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 Rebar has been Centered

p
Profoscope

Diameter Estimation

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 Profoscope detection technique

ƒ Cover
ƒ Diameter
ƒ Displacement

long range
short range

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 Distinguish between balanced Situations

Moving toward Bar

Moving toward Midpoint

Signal from Bars

Scope from right Scope from left Scope from left Scope from righ
Arrow up Arrow up Arrow down Arrow down
Display

Arrow undefined Arrow undefined

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Distinguish between balanced Situations

Crossing a rebar
Crossing a midpoint

Signal from Bars

Scope from right Scope moves left Scope from left Scope moves right
Arrow up Arrow down Arrow down Arrow up
Display

Arrow undefined Arrow undefined

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Canin+

Canin+ Corrosion Analyzing Instrument

• Corrosion potential application:

accurate field potential measurements
aid in detecting corrosion in rebars.
• Concrete resistivity application:
the instrument measures the
electrical resistivity of concrete.

Potential Measurement Resistance Measurement

Memory non-volatile
non volatile memory for up to 235’000
235 000 non volatile memory for up to 5
non-volatile 5’800
800 measurements
measurements
Range ±999 mV 0 to 99 kΩcm

Batterie Six LR 6 batteries, 1.5 V for Six LR 6 batteries, 1.5 V for

up to 60 h (or 30 h with backlight) up to 40 h (or 20 h with backlight)

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Corrosion of rebars in concrete

ƒ Reinforced concrete will invariably be

subjected to a corrosion process that
ultimately leads to a total failure of the
structure.
ƒ The concrete cover can be evaluated by
testing permeability, resistivity, concrete
surface cohesion, carbonation depth and
chloride content. The reinforcement
condition is evaluated by measuring
rebar thickness, arrangement, cover and
using the half-cell potential method.

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 CANIN+ Measurement Principle

ƒ Under normal conditions reinforcement steel

is protected from corrosion by a thin, passive
film of hydrated iron oxide. (Rust!)
ƒ This passive film is decomposed due to the
reaction of the concrete with atmospheric
carbon dioxide (CO2) (carbonation), or by the
penetration of substances aggressive to steel,
above a critical concentration, in particular
chlorides from de-icing salt or salt water.
ƒ At the anode ferrous ions ((Fe++)) are dissolved
and electrons are set free. These electrons
drift through the steel to the cathode, where,
together with the generally available water and
oxygen, they form hydroxide (OH-).
ƒ This principle creates a potential difference
that can be measured by the half-cell method.

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 Half-cell Method
ƒ The basic idea of the potential
p
field measurement is to measure
the potentials at the concrete
surface, in order to get a
characteristic picture of the
state of corrosion of the steel
surface within the concrete. For
this purpose a reference
electrode is connected via a
high-impedance voltmeter (in
the case of the system CANIN R
= 10 MW) to the steel
reinforcement and is moved in a
grid over the concrete surface.
ƒ The reference electrode of the
CANIN system is a Cu/CuSO4-
halfcell. It consists of a copper
rod immersed in a saturated
copper sulphate solution, which
maintains a constant, known
potential.
potential

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 How does it look on site?

Connection to
the rebar

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 Typical results
ƒ Typical orders of magnitude for the half-cell
half cell potential of steel in concrete measured
against a Cu/CuSO4- reference electrode are in the following range (RILEM TC 154-
EMC):
ƒ - water saturated concrete without O2: -1000 to -900 mV
ƒ - moist, chloride contaminated concrete: -600 to -400 mV
ƒ - moist, chloride free concrete: -200 to +100 mV
ƒ - moist,
i t carbonated
b t d concrete:
t -400
400 tto +100 mV
V
ƒ - dry, carbonated concrete: 0 to +200 mV
ƒ - dry, non-carbonated concrete: 0 to +200 mV

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 CANIN+ ProVista

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 Dyna
Dyna Pull-Off Tester
To check the quality of adhesion and
adhesive strength of different materials
(concrete plaster work
(concrete, work, coatings
coatings, color
color, etc
etc.))
depending on customer specifications.

To check the surface strength of concrete

and
d other
th materials
t i l

Z6 Z16 Z6E Z16E

Tensile Force 6 kN 16 kN 6 kN 16 kN
Permissible Stroke 4.0 mm 3.5 mm 4.0 mm 3.5 mm
Display device - With non-volatile memory for up to 1‘000
measured values

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 Dynameter Test Procedure

ƒ St
Step 1 – Requires
R i a specialized
i li d drill
d ill bit or coring
i ttooll tto cutt a circular
i l groove tto
match the size of the dolly down to the substrate material (typically concrete)
This step is required to define the measuring surface accurately.

ƒ Step 2 - Stick the dolly to the surface using a standard epoxy-based adhesive.

ƒ Step 3 – Connect the dynameter to the dolly ensuring a perpendicular connection

and apply force until the dolly is pulled-off. The force applied is given in kN or lbf.
The strength on a 50 mm dolly is given in N/mm2 or psi psi.

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 Appropriate Test Method with Test Disc

DIA 20mm DIA 50 mm Without coring

Coring down to Area of stress distribution
the substrate not clearly defined
Area 6.25 larger and defined

Coring especially important for fibre-reinforced coatings

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 Interpretation of Test Results

Test disc

Adhesive

Coating

Substrate

Adhesive/ Coating Coating/ Substrate

Failure at
Coating Substrate
3.1 MPa
Expected results:
Tensile strength of concrete 2.7 to 4.1 MPa
(about 8 to 12% of fc)
For adhesive can be less, 1.0 to 2 MPa

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Adhesion Test Procedure

DYNA Z
With display unit
...

With manometer on the unit ..for a controlled rate

of load increase
Important! with flow bar and
Axis of pull rod pacemaker
perpendicular to the surface

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 Standards for DYNA Z ….. Pull Off Tester

• ISO 4624 International

• EN 1015-12 (for mortar of brick work) Europe
• EN 1348 Europe
• EN 1607 (for insulation material) Europe
• BS 1881 part 207 Great Britain
• DIN 1048 part 2 Germany
• ZTV SIB 90 G
Germany
• ASTM D 4541 USA
• ACI 503 – 30 USA
• SIA 2002 Switzerland
• NF P 18-853 France
• Test procedure of IGE und IBF1999 (for DYNA ESTRICH) Germany
• SIA 281/2 (for Peel-strength Tester DYNA F250) Switzerland

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 Torrent

Torrent Permeability Tester

The permeability of concrete at the

surface has been recognized as a major
factor in determining the durability of
concretet structures.
t t
Fast, reliable and non-destructive
measurement of the permeability of
concrete structures are able with
Proceq’s Torrent.

Memory Non-volatile memory for 200 measured objects

Software Integrated for printing out measured objects and transmission to PC

Batteries Six 1.5 V, LR 6 batteries for 60 h operation

Vacuum Connection small flange 16 KF

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Durability

The durability of a concrete

structure relies on

protective performance of a thin

superficial layer of concrete
concrete, (cover
concrete) “Covercrete”.

This layer protects the

reinforcement from corrosion
caused by carbonation or the
ingress of chlorides etc.

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 Permeability - Theoretical Aspects

Acceptance
p criteria for
hardened concrete still based
almost exclusively on
compressive strength

Permeability of “Covercrete”:
Recognized as a major factor
in determining the durability of
concrete structures.

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 Components of the Instrument

Vacuum cell Regulator unit

Note! – For operation a vacuum pump is also required.

This is NOT part of the standard scope of supply.
It can be supplied as an optional accessory.
accessory
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 Measuring Principle

Vacuum Pump

Display Regulator
Unit Unit

Display Unit

Vacuum
Cell

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 Two-chamber vacuum cell

The two-chamber vacuum cell

and pressure regulator ensures
airflow at right angles to the
surface into inner chamber.
This permits the calculation of
the permeability co-efficient kT.

Note! The thickness of the

concrete under test must be
greater
t ththan “L”.
“L”

1 Pressure in inner chamber, pi

2 Pressure in outer chamber, po
3 Air flow to the outer chamber
4 Air flow to the inner chamber
L Depth of vacuum penetration

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Tico

Tico Ultrasonic Instrument

The pulse velocity in a material depends on its

density and its elastic properties, which in turn
are related to the quality and the compressive
strength of the material.
material
It is therefore possible to obtain information
about the properties of components by sonic
investigations:
• Uniformity
U if it off the
th concrete
t
• Cavities, cracks, defects due to fire and frost
• Modulus of elasticity (general indication only)
• Concrete strength g

Interface RS 232 or with adapter to USB

Measurment Range ~15 to 6550 μs
Batter
Battery Si LR 6,
Six 6 1.5
1 5 V (30 h operation)

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 Recommendations for measurement of
velocity of ultrasonic pulses in concrete

The TICO and the following presentation is based on

EN 12504-4,, August
g 2004
Is based on BS 1881 part 203

(American Standard ASTM C597 is less comprehensive)

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 Principle of measurement

Measuring of the time elapsed for the ultrasonic wave to

travel from one transducer to the other (by the instrument)

Measuring of the distance between the transducers

((accurate p
please))

Calculating of the sound velocity vc (by Instrument)

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
 Main Applications

ƒ Measuring
g of the evenness of the concrete quality
q y
ƒ Estimation of concrete compressive strength fc
ƒ Measuring of concrete depth
ƒ Detection of hollow parts / Damages
(with TICO only partly possible)
ƒ Indication of E-Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio
(With TICO only general Indication possible,
possible resp.
resp
calculated from velocity

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 Measuring Arrangement

di t
direct i di t
indirect

semi-direct

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 Thank You

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© 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009