FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS IKTS

ANNUAL REPORT

2008
2008 Annual Report

Fraunhofer Institute for

Ceramic Technologies and Systems
IKTS Dresden

Fraunhofer Institute for

Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS Dresden

Winterbergstrasse 28
01277 Dresden

Phone +49 351 2553-700

Fax +49 351 2553-600
info@ikts.fraunhofer.de
www.ikts.fraunhofer.de

at the Fraunhofer Institute Center in Dresden, IZD

 Foreword
Dear friends of IKTS,
Once again we look back on a year of records as
our financial figures show: Our operating budget
increased by more than 25 % to 20.8 million
euros. We were able to increase our direct indus-
try revenues by more than 2 million euros to
8.6 million euros. Our total profit rate including
publicly funded projects with our industry part-
ners was above 80 % amounting to 16.7 million
euros. Our total budget, which also includes
investments, has even increased by more than
40 % to 28.2 million euros.
We were able to invest 7.4 million euros in new
equipment and to significantly extend and renew
our technical equipment. Here, I like to point out
some highlights: a new hot isostatic press (HIP)
with a usable space of 300 mm in diameter and
450 mm in height and a new clean room which is
equipped for the manufacturing of multilayer
ceramics as well as for the coating of silicon
wafers for front and back side bonding of solar
cells using pastes and inks. This clean room has
2 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
been equipped with the newest screen, inkjet and
aerosol printers currently available on the market.
Moreover, we further improved our fuel cell test
stands. We are now able to measure electroche-
mically active components such as cells and stacks
over a long period, and we also installed new test
stands for periphery components of fuel cells
such as ceramic reformers and burners. We also
invested in our core laboratories and pilot plants
ranging from powder preparation (new spray dry-
ers and mills), shaping (hydraulic precision press)
to finishing (CNC machine equipment). Further-
more, we supplemented our characterization
equipment with a new FESEM with FIB in collabo-
ration with my chair at TU Dresden. I could conti-
nue with further examples but I would rather like
to invite you to come to Fraunhofer IKTS and
inform yourself on-site in order to identify your
demand and requirements. In the end, all equip-
ment is primarily available to you as our project
partners. A lot of the investments and projects
could only be realized with the outstanding sup-
port of the Saxon Ministries of Economy and
Labor (SMWA) as well as Science and Art (SMWK)
whom I would like to thank.
I consider the huge number of competencies as a
main factor for our success. We cover the com-
plete field of advanced ceramics, and thus have
many pillars. We have a special focus on energy
and environmental technologies. This market pro-
ves to be very stable also in difficult financial
times. Thus, we remain optimistic for the future.
Now, I would like to point out some projects in
the field of energy and environmental technolo-
gies:
At Fraunhofer IKTS we have a major focus on fuel Especially in these difficult times, I would like to
cell projects. In this context I would like to offer you to make use of our know-how and
emphasize our new collaboration with Vaillant excellent equipment in order to get out of the cri-
Group. In this project our focus on complete sys- sis strengthened.
tems, i.e. on the complete value chain, pays off.
We consequently made progress in the develop- Yours,
ment of SOFC materials, SOFC components (cells,
seals, contact layers) and modules (stacks), and
now develop field test systems together with our
partner Vaillant which are to be installed in the
first cellars for the market of decentral CHP
within two years. Alexander Michaelis

In the field of photovoltaics we further developed

our thick film technology. I would like to stress
our project with Roth&Rau AG in which we deve- Dresden in March 2009
lop new processes for the bonding of solar cells.
In the future we also would like to concentrate
on thin film photovoltaics.

In 2008, our collaboration with CleanDieselCera-

mics GmbH in Grossröhrsdorf came to a high
point: the opening of the factory building for the
production of diesel particulate filters for off-road
and heavy-duty applications. I already reported in
the previous years that we did not only develop
innovative prototypes in laboratory scale but suc-
cessfully transferred the complete manufacturing
technology into industrial scale.

Our projects in the field of waste water treatment

and biogas technology make also good progress. Developments of total budget (in million of euros) at
At the wastewater treatment plant in Rosswein Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2000-2008

we started running a prototype biogas plant 30

which is equipped with one of our fuel cell sys-
tems and where our ceramic liquid filtration tech-
25
nology is going to be installed and tested this
year.
20

It was a great pleasure to see that we were able

to increase the number of staff. Our highly moti- 15
vated and qualified staff members are the real
factor for our success. I would like to give a spe- Institutional funding
10
cial thanks to this team which excellently overca- Other revenues
me the enormous challenges and strains in 2008. Federal revenues
5 and revenues from
German Länder
Revenues from
0 industry
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 3

 Table of contents

Foreword 2

Table of contents 4

A profile of the Fraunhofer IKTS

Fraunhofer IKTS in brief 6

Organizational chart 8
Operating budget and revenues 10
Personnel development 11
Board of trustees 12
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 13

Research activities at Fraunhofer IKTS 14

Departments:
Materials 16
Processes / Components 22
Micro and Energy Systems 28
Environmental Processing Technology 40
Smart Materials and Systems 46
Sintering / Characterization 52

Retrospective, events, exhibitions 59

Participation in trade shows 64

Cooperation in groups, alliances and networks 65

Names, dates, events 70

Exhibitions 2007-2008 84

Planned events / Trade shows 2009 85

Information service 86

How to reach us 87

4 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

A profile of the Fraunhofer IKTS
 Fraunhofer IKTS in brief

The Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technolo-
gies and Systems covers the complete field of ad-
vanced ceramics, from basic research to applica-
tions. For this purpose, we have more than 100
excellently equipped laboratories and pilot plants
with a total useable floor space of more than
9200 m².
Based on solid knowledge of advanced ceramic
materials, development work spans the entire
value chain, extending to prototype production.
Thus, the Fraunhofer IKTS is characterized by three
core competencies: materials know-how, manu-
facturing technologies, and systems and product
integration. The IKTS is equally oriented towards
the technology platforms of structural and func-
tional ceramics.
To that end, chemists, physicists, and materials
scientists work together. All development work is
accompanied by qualified research engineers and
technicians.
We particularly focus on ceramic users as project
partners, besides on ceramic manufacturers.
The IKTS intends to be a competent partner as
well as the first contact address for all problems
related to ceramics.
As unique selling points we offer the following:
Continuous production lines in the field of
structural and functional ceramics
In the field of structural ceramics, we offer all
standard technologies for powder preparation,
shaping, heat treatment, and finishing. In the field
of functional ceramics, our special core compe-
tence is the preparation of pastes and slurries.
We manufacture functional ceramic prototypes by
means of our hybrid and multilayer ceramic line,
which is situated in our own clean rooms.
Multiscale development
Developments can be transferred from the labora-
tory scale to the pilot plant scale; i.e., we are able
to prepare feed materials on a ton scale and pro-
duce prototypes in relevant quantities to facilitate
the market entry for our partners. Through this
residual cost risks and time-to-market times can
be minimized.

Thus, we particularly see our mission as combining

the two different technology worlds. We would
like to show our partners the world of ceramics
with its varied, innovative solutions.

6 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

Synergies between structural and functional The IKTS as »one stop shop«
ceramics for ceramics

Material
The combination of the different technology plat-
forms allows for the integration of additional
functions into ceramic components. This facilitates
the manufacturing of innovative products with a Component
significant added value.

Network creator
Module System / Product
In our current projects, we cooperate with more
than 250 national and international partners. Ceramic System
Within the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, we collabo- expertise expertise
rate, for example, in the Fraunhofer Group for
Materials and Components, and we are spokes-
person of the Fraunhofer High Performance Cera-
mics Alliance, consisting of seven institutes that We bring worlds together
are particularly specialized in ceramics.
Thus, we are able to support the creation of net-
works that are necessary for successful product
development. We are also able to impart and inte-
grate competencies outside the scope of our own
expertise.

Our work on the research front is based on expe-

riences and knowledge collected over many years
and is focused on the interests of our partners.
An overview of our R&D fields and the appropriate
contacts can be found on the following pages.

We would like to continue inviting our partners to

use our products and services.

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 7

Organizational chart of Fraunhofer IKTS
and Technische Universität Dresden
Institute director
Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander Michaelis
Secretary: Maria Kirschner
Materials
Dr. habil. Andreas Krell
- Oxide Ceramics
- Hardmetals / Cermets
- Biogenic Ceramics
Dr. Hagen Klemm
- Nitride Ceramics
- Carbide and Filter Ceramics
- Precursor-Derived Ceramics
Processes / Components
Dr. Reinhard Lenk
- Powder Technology
- Production Technology
- Component and Systems
Development
- Finishing
8 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Deputy director /
Head of administration
Dr. Michael Zins
Staff / Internal Services, Controlling /
Finances, Information Technology, Press and Public Rela-
tions, Quality Management, Marketing
Sintering / Characterization Micro and Energy Systems
Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff
- Thermal Analysis and Thermal Materials and Components
Physics* - Paste Systems, Sensor Technolo-
- Heat Treatment gy, Microsystem Technology
- Ceramography / Phase Analysis - Functional Materials,
- Powder and Suspension Charac- Joining Technology
terization* - HT Electrochemistry and
- Mechanical Testing Components
* Accreditation in accordance with
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025
Dr. Michael Stelter
Module und Systems
- Microsystems / MLC
Environmental Processing - Modeling
Technology - Energy Systems
- Mobile Energy Systems
Dr. Michael Stelter - Combinational Microelectro-
chemistry
- Process and Systems Analysis
- Systems Integration
Smart Materials and Systems
Technische Universität Dresden Dr. Andreas Schönecker
Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander Michaelis - Dielectric Ceramics and Composi-
tes, Piezoceramics
Institute for Material Science - Actuators, Sensors, Smart
Professorship Inorganic-Nonmetallic Systems
Materials - Functional Layers for Micro-
electronics and Wear Protection
Instrumented Powder Compaction
Dr. Ulrich Klemm
Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander Michaelis Dr. Michael Zins
Phone +49 351 2553-512 Phone +49 351 2553-522
alexander.michaelis@ikts.fraunhofer.de michael.zins@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Dr. habil. Andreas Krell Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff

Phone +49 351 2553-538 Phone +49 351 2553-707
andreas.krell@ikts.fraunhofer.de mihails.kusnezoff@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Dr. Hagen Klemm Dr. Michael Stelter

Phone +49 351 2553-553 Phone +49 351 2553-648
hagen.klemm@ikts.fraunhofer.de michael.stelter@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Dr. Reinhard Lenk Dr. Andreas Schönecker

Phone +49 351 2553-539 Phone +49 351 2553-508
reinhard.lenk@ikts.fraunhofer.de andreas.schoenecker@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann

Phone +49 351 2553-527
mathias.herrmann@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 9

 Operating budget and
revenues
The positive development of Fraunhofer IKTS in
2008 allowed us to further increase our capacities.
The operating budget increased by approx. 26 %
to 20.8 million euros. The industry revenues of
8.6 million euros constitute approx. 50 % of the
total revenues reaching a new record level of
16.7 million euros. The success is also a result of
the consolidation of publicly funded projects at a
level of 5.6 million euros, and market-oriented
basic research within the framework of internal
Fraunhofer programs. In total, projects of almost
2 million euros were funded by the Free State of
Saxony.
In 2008, 7.4 million euros were invested in new
equipment, laboratories and pilot plants. 4.6 milli-
on euros were financed through external projects.
The Free State of Saxony contributed 3.8 million
euros.
Revenue developments (in thousands of euros)
at Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2000-2008
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0 Industry
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Expansion of
research basis
The research field of energy and environmental
technology continues to establish as link between
structural and functional ceramics. Ceramic mate-
rials and technologies allow us to develop new
systems in the field of photovoltaics. With the
help of the strategic investments in new manu-
facturing technologies the research volume can be
significantly increased. Developments of diverse
pastes as well as their adaptation to printing
methods for the manufacture of solar systems are
new research activities of Fraunhofer IKTS of
which our industry partners already make use. The
use of these technologies for different fuel cell sys-
tems leads to unique selling propositions and
determines our future research services. The en-
largement of our test capacities for SOFC systems
guarantees projects with suppliers of fuel cell sys-
tems in the long-term. Both the existing and new
project partners benefit from this service and
invest a considerable amount of project funds in
Dresden. By linking fuel cells with biogas plants
we opened a new research field for the coming
years where other ceramic components are also
Developments of operating budget (in thousands of euros)
at Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2000-2008
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Others
German Research Association
EU
Free State of Saxony
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
2008
 Personnel development

required. Resulting investments in membrane and
sensor technology as well as wear protection are
already subject of further publicly funded and
industry projects as well as future international
activities.
By starting-up the large hot isostatic press and
new granulation equipment we can provide addi-
tional options for the development of new materi-
als. Our multi-component injection molding tech-
nology has also established itself in industry. Cera-
mic multilayer technologies are considered to be
another key technology at Fraunhofer IKTS.
In order to transfer developments fast into indus-
trial applications the participation in expert groups
and networks has proved to be very successful.
The Fraunhofer programs supporting own deve-
lopments significantly facilitate the generation of
own IP rights and thus, the long-term opportunity
to acquire new industry projects.
Our project work resulted in an increase of staff
capacity by more than 20 %, in the scientific field
even by almost 30 %. This increase could only be
realized due to good public relations and a close
collaboration with Technische Universität Dresden
resulting in an excellent recruitment of undergra-
duate and doctoral students. Many doctoral the-
ses are written within the framework of projects.
In total, 50 doctoral theses are supervised at the
end of the year.
In 2008 again, all apprentices who finished their
apprenticeship could continue to be employed. By
training apprentices at IKTS the quality of our
laboratory work will be further increased.

Personnel developments at Fraunhofer IKTS

Number of employees 2000-2008, full-time equivalents
Personnel structure on December 31 of each year

300

250

200

150

100
Apprentices

Student workers, trainees, undergraduate students

Part-time and contract workers

50
Doctorate students

Employees with university degrees and technicians

0 Scientists
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 11

 Board of trustees

The president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft has Dr. C. Lesniak

appointed the following people to the board of ESK Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG, Kempten
trustees at Fraunhofer IKTS: Research and development
Department head
Dr. G. Gille
Chairman of board of trustees Dr. F. Lindner
H.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG, Goslar Robert Bosch GmbH, Gerlingen
Manager of central department Corporate research and development
Research and development Advanced functional and sintered materials
Department head
Dr.-Ing. S. Blankenburg
Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH, Dresden MR Dipl.-Ing. P. G. Nothnagel
CEO Saxon State Ministry of Economy and Employment
(SMWA), Dresden
Dr.-Ing. W. Böcker Energy Policy
Berlin Department head

Dr. A. Eiling Dr. W. Rossner

H.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG, Selb Siemens AG, Munich
CEO Central Department Technology, Ceramics
Department head
Prof. Dr. F. R. Heiker
Wuppertal MR Dr.-Ing. G. Uhlmann
Saxony State Ministry of Science and Art (SMWK),
Dr. W. Hergarten Dresden
German Federation of Industrial Cooperative Re- Research department
search Associations Otto von Guericke e.V. Berlin Deputy head
CEO
Prof. Dr. P. Woditsch
Prof. Dr. J. Huber Deutsche Solar AG, Freiberg
CeramTec AG, Plochingen CEO
Board of directors

Dipl.-Ing. M. Kempter Recently appointed:

Management consultant, Munich
Dr. Richard Metzler
Rauschert GmbH
Technische Keramik und Kunststoff-Formteile
CEO
since January 2009

12 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

Research of practical utility lies at the heart of all
activities pursued by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.
Founded in 1949, the research organization
undertakes applied research that drives economic
development and serves the wider benefit of
society. Its services are solicited by customers and
contractual partners in industry, the service sector
and public administration.
At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains
more than 80 research units in Germany, including
57 Fraunhofer Institutes. The majority of the
15,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers,
who work with an annual research budget of
1.4 billion euros. Of this sum, more than 1.2 billi-
on euros are generated through contract research.
Two thirds of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s con-
tract research revenue are derived from contracts
with industry and from publicly financed research
projects. Only one third is contributed by the Ger-
man federal and Länder governments in the form
of base funding, enabling the institutes to work
ahead on solutions to problems that will not be-
come acutely relevant to industry and society until
five or ten years from now.
Affiliated research centers and representative
offices in Europe, the USA and Asia provide con-
tact with the regions of greatest importance to
present and future scientific progress and econo-
mic development.
With its clearly defined mission of application-
oriented research and its focus on key technolo-
gies of relevance to the future, the Fraunhofer-
Gesellschaft plays a prominent role in the German
and European innovation process. Applied re-
search has a knock-on effect that extends beyond
the direct benefits perceived by the customer:
Through their research and development work,
the Fraunhofer Institutes help to reinforce the
competitive strength of the economy in their local
region, and throughout Germany and Europe.
They do so by promoting innovation, strengthe-
ning the technological base, improving the accep-
tance of new technologies, and helping to train
the urgently needed future generation of scientists
and engineers.

As an employer, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft offers

Itzehoe its staff the opportunity to develop the professio-
Rostock
nal and personal skills that will allow them to take
up positions of responsibility within their institute,
at universities, in industry and in society. Students
Bremen
Bremen
Berlin who choose to work on projects at the Fraunhofer
Hannover
Hannover Potsdam
Potsdam Institutes have excellent prospects of starting and
Braunschweig
Braunschweig
Nuthetal
Nuthetal
Teltow developing a career in industry by virtue of the
Paderborn
Paderborn
Magdeburg
Magdeburg practical training and experience they have acqui-
Cottbus
Cottbus
Oberhausen Dortmund
Dortmund
Halle
Halle Leipzig
red.
Leipzig
Schmallenberg Schkopau
Duisburg
Duisburg Dresden
Dresden
Erfurt
Sankt Augustin
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is a recognized non-
Aachen Jena
Jena
Euskirchen
Ilmenau
Ilmenau
Chemnitz profit organization that takes its name from
Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), the illustri-
Darmstadt
Darmstadt
WWürzburg
ü rzburg
ous Munich researcher, inventor and entrepreneur.
Wertheim
Wertheim
Erlangen
Kaiserslautern
St. Ingbert
F üFürth
rth
Saarbrücken NNürnberg
ü rnberg
Pfinztal
Karlsruhe

Stuttgart
Freising
Freising
MMünchen
ü nchen
Freiburg
Oberpfaffenhofen
Holzkirchen
Holzkirchen
Efringen - Kirchen

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 13

 Research activities at the Fraunhofer IKTS

Department: Materials 16 Degradation of SOFC sealing glasses in dual

atmospheres under the influence of applied
Polycrystalline tungsten carbide for hardmetals voltage 39
of increased fracture toughness and hardness 18
Department: Environmental Processing
Cross-channel filters made by ceramic tape Technology 40
technology 19
Production-integrated environmental protecti-
Determination of hot hardness of ceramic on in the ceramic industry: Measures for quali-
materials and hard metals 20 ty management, cost reduction and environ-
mental protection 42
Controlled functionalization of ceramic materi-
als by molecular design of precursors 21 Innovative developments for digestat treat-
ment on agricultural biogas plants 43
Department: Processes / Components 22
Numerical and experimental investigation of
Development of thermal spray powders for sludge disintegration with power ultrasound 44
structural components subject to high mecha-
nical stress 24 Sewage sludge reduction by disintegration of
return sludge 45
Milling of ceramic raw materials in the nano-
meter range 25 Department: Smart Materials and Systems 46

Ceramic-ceramic compounds by two-compo- Seed preparation for lead-free piezoceramics 48

nent injection molding 26
Piezoelectric generators 49
GreenTaPIM: inmold labeling of metal ceramic
material compounds 27 Aligned carbon nanotubes for electronic
packaging 50
Department: Micro and Energy Systems 28
Non-linear multi-field simulation to design
SOFC system powered by biogas 31 piezoceramic components 51

Fuel cell test center 32 Department: Sintering / Characterization 52

Reactor development on the basis of SiC foam Further qualification of the laboratory for ther-
ceramics 34 mal analysis and thermal physics: Participation
in interlaboratory comparison 54
Development of a AlN multilayer system 35
New hot isostatic press for the manufacture of
CO2 solid electrolyte sensor in thick film tech- ceramics for optical applications 55
nology 36
New analytical field emission scanning electron
Effect of H2S on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) microscope with focused-ion beam technique 56
operation 37
New methods of energy dispersive thin layer
Influence of oxide layer formation on the analysis 57
degradation behavior of SOFC fuel cells 38
Stabilization of suspensions by means of
organic additives 58

14 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 Department

Materials
Department head: Dr. habil. Andreas Krell, Dr. Hagen Klemm

Products and services offered Special technical equipment

Realization of R&D projects for the development - Clean room technology

and application of new advanced ceramics and - Hot gas corrosion test stand
hardmetals in the form of raw materials, material - Manufacturing line for ceramic foams
samples and complex components: - Test stand for porous materials
- Test stand for heat conductors
- Studies and concept development - Winding techniques for ceramic fiber composites
- Integrated materials and process development - Mechanical materials testing
- Development and supply of samples - Wear test laboratory
- Expertise on production processes and applica-
tions
- Special testing methods (mechanical, tribologi-
cal and corrosive properties at room and high
temperatures)
- Damage and failure analysis
- Evaluation of safety and health aspects with
regard to nanoscale powders and materials

Oxide Ceramics Hardmetals / Cermets Biogenic Ceramics

Dr. habil. Andreas Krell Dr. Volkmar Richter Dr. Stefan Siegel
andreas.krell@ikts.fraunhofer.de volkmar.richter@ikts.fraunhofer.de stefan.siegel@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Nitride Ceramics Carbide and Filter Ceramics Precursor-Derived Ceramics

Dr. Hagen Klemm Dipl.-Krist. Jörg Adler Dr. Isabel Kinski

hagen.klemm@ikts.fraunhofer.de joerg.adler@ikts.fraunhofer.de isabel.kinski@ikts.fraunhofer.de

16 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

Materials

The Materials department utilizes its extensive expe-
rience in materials science, natural science and
engineering to develop and refine ceramic materials
and ceramic-metal-composites using modern tech-
nologies.
advantages of different ceramic materials. These
applications include, for example, high-temperature
materials, electrically heatable ceramics, ceramic
tools, transparent components and various filters.

Our services range from raw material syntheses

(including renewable raw materials), consulting on
health and safety aspects, to testing of commer-
cially available raw materials. Furthermore, we
develop specialty materials and processes as well as
prototypes and components. At IKTS, newly de-
veloped prototypes or components can also be
field-tested. This wide range of services may be
applied to both homogeneous and composite
materials.

We have successfully contributed to new fields of

application by combining the various functional

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 17

 Polycrystalline tungsten carbide for hardmetals of
increased fracture toughness and hardness

Dr. Volkmar Richter

Dr. Reiner Schober

Motivation 12 wt% cobalt equals HV 10 = 1600.

100 μm
Figure 1
Optical microscopic image of the microstructu-
re of a WC-12Co hardmetal (light) made of
WC polycrystals which consist of nanoscaled
WC single crystallites (gray).
50 μm
Figure 2
Electron micrograph (EDX mapping of Co) of a
hardmetal made of polycrystalline WC.
Stone working or cold working of
high-strength steels require tools with
high hardness and strength but also
with an extreme fracture toughness
to withstand the high impact loads.
Today medium and coarse grained
WC-Co hardmetals with a mean car-
bide cord length (dWC) between 1.3
and 6 μm, a cobalt content between
10 and 25 wt%, a fracture toughness
between 10 and 25 MPa/√m (SEVNB)
and a hardness HV30 between 800
and 1000 are used. Ultra-fine grained
hardmetals combine high hardness
and strength but have only low
impact strength.
Polycrystalline nanostructured tung-
sten carbide grains offer a new
opportunity to improve mechanical
properties. Depending on the crystal
orientation mono-crystalline tungsten
carbide possesses a hardness HV0.05
between 2200 and 2400. In compari-
son binder-free nanostructured WC
polycrystals have a hardness HV0.05
above 3000. By replacing the stan-
dard single WC crystals by the harder
polycrystals the hardness and fracture
toughness of a hardmetal may be
improved.
This corresponds to a standard hard-
metal with grains between 2.5 and
6 μm and a cobalt content of around
6 wt% which is used for forming
tools.
The hardmetal made of polycrystals is
very tough as illustrated by the
unusual crack propagation around
the Vickers indentation (Figure 3).
Hardmetals made of coarse polycrys-
talline carbide grains consisting of
nanoscaled crystallites may be used
for stone working, mining or forming
tools. Hard coating is also a possible
application.
Products and services offered
- Optimization of material composi-
tion and properties
- Manufacturing of prototypes for
industrial tests

Results

Tungsten carbide polycrystals

(< 60 μm) were mixed with a submi-
cron WC and 12 wt% cobalt and
densified by means of SPS sintering.
50 μm
The nanoscaled structure of the WC
Figure 3 polycrystals was maintained. Under
Atypical crack propagation around a hardness appropriate sintering conditions pene-
indentation HV10 on a hardmetal made of WC
tration of cobalt in the polycrystals
polycrystals.
along interfaces and grain growth
can be suppressed, and the hardness
of the polycrystals which can be com-
pared to the hardness of binder-free
tungsten carbide ceramics (2740
HV10) is conserved.
The hardness of the hardmetal con-
sisting of coarse WC polycrystals and

18 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 Cross-channel filters made by ceramic tape
technology

Dr. Hans-Jürgen Richter

Dipl.-Krist. Jörg Adler
Dipl.-Ing. Heike Heymer

Motivation and sintering where the re-crystallized

A new concept for diesel particulate
filters was developed in collaboration
with the research partners DLR Köln
(Institute of Technical Thermodynam-
ic), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg (Institute
of Fluid Mechanics) und FH Aachen
200 μm
(Solar Institute Jülich). As compared
to state-of-the-art filters this filter
Figure 1 concept includes an integrated pas-
FESEM image of an RSiC tape after heat treat-
sive ash management system, and
ment (2400 °C).
therefore is particularly advantageous
for large diesel engines. Conventional
1.2
dV/dlogD [ml/g]
silicon carbide microstructure is
formed the multichannel elements
are joined to a filter stack. The cross-
channel geometry is realized by stack-
ing the elements by 90°. It is also pos-
sible to join single elements by means
of a SiC slurry to three or five-ele-
ment stacks in the green state. In this
case the effort for adhesive bonding
after sintering is reduced.
The applied ceramic tape technology
and the cross-channel filter concept
cannot only be used for RSiC but also

diesel particulate filters have parallel for LPS-SiC or cordierite.

1.0 inlet and outlet channels. The new
0.8
innovative filter concept is based on a Products and services offered
cross-channel geometry meaning the
0.6
inlet and outlet channels are arranged - Development of one and multi-lay-
0.4 in an offset angle of 90°. er tapes for a wide variety of
0.2 To realize the prototypes the ceramic ceramic materials
tape technology was used as it is
0.0
1 10 100 based on cost-effective and continu- - Development of filter materials for
pore diameter [μm]

Figure 2
Pore size distribution curves of RSiC.
Figure 3
Prototype of a cross-channel filter,
140 x 70 x 70 mm³, consisting of 40 multi-
channel elements.
Acknowledgments
The Federal Ministry of Economics and Techno-
logy (reference number 16-INO311) and the
industrial project partners Deutz AG, Kerafol,
Industrie-Partner, Bauer Technologies, FC2S,
Gero are acknowledged for supporting the
project.
ous processes, which is fundamental high-temperature applications
for future industrial implementation.
- Development, manufacture and
Results characterization of filter prototypes
for exhaust gas treatment
Ceramic green tapes were developed
for the material RSiC (re-crystallized - Technological concepts for the pro-
silicon carbide) using a water based duction of system components
tape casting process. The upscaling based on ceramic tape technology
for larger tape dimensions was car-
ried out in cooperation with the
industrial partner Kerafol GmbH. The
RSiC material has a medium pore size
of 10 μm and an open porosity of
42 vol%. According to the require-
ments on the filter material (e.g. for
catalytic coatings) the pore size can
be modified by choosing the appro-
priate starting powders and sintering
conditions. Furthermore, a binder sys-
tem was developed which considers
both the needs of the tape casting
process and the required properties of
the subsequent structuring and join-
ing steps. By folding the green tape
to a wavelike structure and joining it
with a planar tape a multichannel ele-
ment is obtained. After debinding

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 19

 Determination of hot hardness of ceramic materials
and hardmetals

Dr. Hagen Klemm

Kathrin Nake

hardness indentations can be applied

Figure 1
Vickers indenter in the recipient of the hot
hardness test facility at 1000 °C.
0,05 mm
Figure 2
Vickers indentation at the surface of a silicon
nitride material for high-temperature applicati-
on after hot hardness test at 1500 °C.
Motivation
The hardness of a material is consid-
ered as an important indicator for its
functionality in many applications of
ceramic and metal materials. These
processes are often accompanied by
elevated temperatures at the surface
of the materials (e.g. cutting process-
es). For that reason the hardness
measured at ambient temperatures
can only provide limited information
for these processes. Consequently, a
reliable determination of the hot
hardness of the material was found
to be of increasing interest for many
users.
Results
on a polished sample surface with
test loads in the range between
100 p and 30 kp, and at tempera-
tures up to 1500 °C in vacuum. The
evaluation of the hot hardness tests
will be performed after cooling of the
samples by optical microscopy. An
example for a Vickers indentation
applied on the polished surface of a
silicon nitride material at 1500 °C is
shown in Figure 2. It was possible to
reliably determine the hot hardness
without significant deviations
although the silicon nitride surface
changed due to corrosion and evapo-
ration processes during the test at
1500 °C. The hardness of various
materials for high-temperature appli-
cations as a function of the tempera-
ture is demonstrated in Figure 3. With
increasing temperature a degradation
of the hardness value was observed
for both metal and ceramic materials.
Products and services offered
- Determination of hardness (Vick-
ers, Knoop) of ceramic and metal
materials up to temperatures of
1500 °C in vacuum
- Specific material development in
order to improve the hardness of
high-temperature materials

The new test facility for the measure-

Figure 3
Hardness (HV 10) of metal (hardmetal EMT
210) and ceramic materials (Al2O3 and high-
temperature Si3N4) as a function of temperature.
ment of the hardness at elevated
temperatures was designed and real-
ized in cooperation with the company
Hegewald und Peschke situated in
Nossen (Germany). The recipient of
the test facility with a diamond inden-
ter is shown in Figure 1. Furthermore,
the hot hardness can also be mea-
sured with a Knoop indentor. The
design of the test equipment as well
as the test procedures are based on
DIN and international standards for
room temperature hardness tests. The

20 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report


257 nm
100 nm
Figure 1
Scanning electron micrograph of an unetched
hard mask with a thickness of 257 nm.
Figure 2
In order to guarantee the best wetting beha-
vior of the liquid precursors on the substrate,
contact angle on solids as well as the surface
tension of fluids are investigated in detail.
Acknowledgments
The research was funded within the framework
of the “Fraunhofer Attract” program.
The hard masks were developed for Qimonda
AG.
Controlled functionalization of ceramic materials by
molecular design of precursors
Dr. Isabel Kinski
Dr. Tobias Mayer-Uhma
Dipl.-Chem. Sandra Meinhard
Motivation conductor industry, dielectric coatings
were derived in an oxidic system
The knowledge of material properties using precursors, which are resistant
and their specific tailoring result in against very aggressive plasma
new synthesis methods and process- processes. For their application as
ing procedures. As a result new mate- hard mask both the exact determina-
rials are accurately tailored. Aside tion and adjustment of the refractive
from conventional oxide, nitride and index as well as the layer thickness
carbide ceramics anion-substituted play a crucial role.
systems of oxonitrides, carbonitrides
or oxocarbides are increasingly used Products and services offered
for special applications. In order to
realize special properties in these func- Synthesis and functionalization of
tionalized ceramics, the precursors are precursors (also in inert gas atmos-
already adapted on molecular level to pheres):
the required properties, processing
technologies, and microstructures. - Synthesis of organo-metallic mole-
cular and polymeric precursors
Results - Sol-gel method for nano powder
synthesis
Not only the predefined chemical - Development of precursors for
composition and therefore the result- hard masks and protective coatings
ing properties are considered to be an
advantage of synthesizing molecular Processing:
level-designed precursors, but also
the possibility to use various shaping - Spin coating (also available in inert
techniques. By using dissolved or liq- gas atmospheres)
uid precursors coatings and layers can - Pyrolysis in inert and reactive gas
be applied by spin, dip or spray coat- atmospheres
ing, without facing the problem to
stabilize particles in slurries or pastes. Characterization:
Furthermore, some phases in the
anion-substituted systems can be syn- - Determination of layer thickness
thesized that are impossible to reach and refractive index on semi-trans-
using traditional ceramic synthesis parent coatings and bulk materials
methods. Here, the gallium oxide - Measurement of surface tension of
nitride system is to be mentioned as liquids and surface energies of
example. During the synthesis of the solids
single source precursor direct bond-
ings between the metal and nitrogen
as well as oxygen are obtained, while
the organic groups will be decom-
posed and removed from the precur-
sors during the thermal ceramization
step so that oxonitrides are directly
developed. Gallium oxonitride is – like
the end members wurtzitic GaN and
monoclinic β-Ga2O3 – a semiconduc-
tor and sensing properties could be
proved in first experiments.
In collaboration with the Saxon semi-
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 21
 Department
Processes / Components
Department head: Dr. Reinhard Lenk
Products and services offered
- Contract research and network projects
- Feasibility studies
- Technological services at the highest stage
- Process, component and system development
at preindustrial scale
- Technology transfer
- Consulting service and training courses
On the basis of our expertise in modeling, material
development and characterization, we compe-
tently advise our partners and offer excellent R&D
services. If required we involve the competencies
of our partners in the Fraunhofer High-Performance
Ceramics Alliance. In addition, the Fraunhofer
Demonstration Center »AdvanCer« also provides
a wide range of products and services.
www.advancer.fraunhofer.de
Powder Technology
Dr. Manfred Nebelung
manfred.nebelung@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Manufacturing Technology
Dr. Reinhard Lenk
reinhard.lenk@ikts.fraunhofer.de
22 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Special technical equipment
- Preparation plants at laboratory and pilot scale
(inert/explosion-proof)
- Spray dryers on laboratory and pilot scale
(explosion-proof)
- Fluidized bed technology (product develop-
ment, inert)
- Granule characterization on laboratory scale
(air-conditioned)
- Shear roll compactor for feedstock preparation
- Torque rheometer and capillary viscosimeter
- 2-component injection molding machine, low-
pressure injection molding machine
- Tape casting, structuring and lamination
machines
- Vacuum extruder
- Hydraulic and cold isostatic presses
- 5-axis CNC machining center
- Laser sintering machine
- X-ray computed tomograph (CT-Compact)
- CNC surface, cylindrical and jig grinding tech-
nology
- Coordinate measurement machine
Component and Systems Development
Dipl.-Ing. Jens Stockmann
jens.stockmann@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Finishing
Matthias Nake
matthias.nake@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Processes / Components
The Processes / Components department develops
manufacturing methods based on powder techno-
logy for advanced ceramic components and
systems. We develop prototypes in the laboratory
scale and manufacture small batches at pilot plant
scale. Furthermore, we are able to transfer proto-
type and small batch production into a pilot tech-
nology. The development spans the entire value
chain, from preparation of commercially available
powders and raw materials through forming, sinte-
ring, green and finishing, to joining and integration
technologies. The technical equipment allows for
subsequent up-scaling of each technological pro-
cess step, including transfer to industrial scale
manufacturing at our client’s sites.
The Competence Center for Powder Technology
focuses on product design using ceramic, metallic
and composite materials. Our new manufacturing
Design: Robert Bosch GmbH
concepts for innovative products make use of the
numerous possibilities provided by a range of for-
ming methods, such as plastic, thermoplastic sha-
ping and slip casting. Within the framework of our
component and system development we compe-
tently and efficiently cover the entire value chain
from pressing and green machining to finishing.
Thus, we are able to react fast and flexibly to deliver
optimal solutions to customer requests. New appli-
cations ideas as well as further developments in
material solutions may be transferred to prototypes
or small batch production fast, reliably and cost-
effectively.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 23
 Development of thermal spray powders for structural
components subject to high mechanical stress
Dipl.-Min. Sven Thiele
Dr. Manfred Nebelung
Motivation
Thermally sprayed coatings are com-
monly used to reduce wear (abrasion,
erosion) and to improve the sliding
behavior. For tools and structural com-
ponents subject to fatigue stress the
use of such coatings has been less
10 μm
common, so far. The reasons are tech-
nical or economic related problems
Figure 1 concerning the processing of the coat-
Sintered surface of a spray powder granule,
material: (Ti,W)(C,N)-Ni.
ings as well as the lack of tailored
materials. Furthermore, guidelines for
the construction of components that
have to meet the requirements of the
subsequent coating and computation
models for the characterization of the
operating behavior, reliability and life
time of the coated components are
missing. Thermally sprayed hardmetal-
like coatings may enter a new market
such as tools and structural compo-
nents subject to fatigue stress with
high contact loads (gear wheels,
camshafts or tools for metal forming).
This requires tailored spray powder
materials as well as coating technolo-
gies.
Figure 2 Results
Thermally sprayed gear wheel.
(Source: Fraunhofer IWS)
Hardmetal-like compositions based on
WC und Cr3C2 are commonly used as
powder material for thermally sprayed
coatings. To realize appropriate depo-
sition rates the powder materials con-
tain binder metals in the range of
20-30 vol%. The very important com-
positions WC-Co/Ni and WC-Cr3C2-Ni
were developed 50 years ago and
have not been changed up to now.
Evolution and advances of the coating
technology had no impact on the
material. For this reason these hard-
metal-like compositions as well as TiC-
based materials were further devel-
oped with regard to the service
requirements. Based on their proper-
ties WC-Co-based coatings are suited
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the Fraunhofer- for fatigue related applications. Co
Gesellschaft (internal program WISA 816 442). and Ni were used as metallic binder
24 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
phases. Additionally, this kind of
binder was alloyed by adding Cr3C2
for improving the corrosion resistance.
Such materials were thermally sprayed
on 16MnCr5 samples. Afterwards
rolling contact fatigue tests were per-
formed (Fraunhofer LBF) and Hertz
pressures of 2500 MPa were mea-
sured. Regarding the material compo-
sition WC-Cr3C2-Ni the investigation
of correlations between the phase
composition and coating properties
was focused. The ratio of WC and
Cr3C2 was varied to observe the influ-
ence of the carbide (W,Cr)2C which is
formed during sintering. The thermal
spray powders were prepared by spray
drying, subsequent sintering and frac-
tionation.
Products and services offered
Offering the entire process chain from
raw materials to coatings:
- Development and manufacturing of
thermal spray powders (a&s) at lab-
oratory and pilot scale
- Characterization of raw materials
and granulates (size distribution,
flowability, structure, phase compo-
sition)
- Thermal spraying (plasma, HVOF) in
collaboration with Fraunhofer IWS
Dresden
- Characterization of coatings (struc-
ture and microstructure analysis,
evaluation of wear and corrosion
resistance, hardness)
 Milling of ceramic raw materials in the nanometer
range

Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin Lenzner

Dr. Annegret Potthoff

Motivation In dependence on the particle surface

Nanoscale raw materials become
more and more important in industri-
al applications. Aluminum hydroxide
with a particle size distribution
< 100 nm can be used as an effective
additive for flame retardant. As grind-
Figure 1 ing is an alternative to the crystalliza-
Influence of specific energy input on the milling tion method in terms of profitability
result.
this disperse submicron powder is to
be ground in required fineness with-
out contaminations.
The milling experiments were con-
ducted in a laboratory attrition mill
(AHM 90; Hosokawa Alpine AG) with
polyurethane lining and zirconium
oxide balls considering the suspension
stability during the milling process.
0
Results
Figure 2 Using optimized milling parameters
ESA signal as a function of specific energy input. (spec. energy input Espec. = 9.72
kWh/kg) aluminum hydroxide (xPCS =
240 nm; Zeta Sizer Nano ZS) was
ground up to an average particle
diameter of xPCS = 97 nm by varying
the influencing parameters (Figure 1).
charge which was determined by
means of a Field ESA instrument it
was possible to react to the modifica-
tion of the suspension stability by
additionally dosing dispersants and to
keep the suspension viscosity con-
stant.
The high purity requirements on the
grinding product were met using zir-
conium oxide milling balls (d = 0.2
mm) with 0.6.-wt % of abrasion
(related to the solid).
Products and services offered
- Grinding of ceramic raw materials
in laboratory and pilot scale up to
the nanometer range with less /
low contamination
- Evaluation of particle surface char-
ge, pH value and conductivity of
the suspension during the whole
grinding period by means of a Field
ESA instrument to continuously
adjust the dispersant dose

The suspension viscosity increased

due to the continuous grinding
process and the modification of the
surface properties. As heat dissipation
from the grinding chamber through
the wear-resistant polyurethane lining
was insufficient, it was necessary to
install an additional cooling system. In
this way, the high temperatures nega-
tively affecting the process efficiency,
and a pressure increase in the milling
chamber as well as a concentration of
the balls in front of the sieve were
avoided.

Necessary dispersants (organic acid)

Acknowledgments
The BMBF and the project management organi-
zation Karlsruhe is greatly acknowledged for
funding the project “Nanonline“ (02PU2370).
should be added before grinding
because the very fine particles tend to
agglomerate (Figure 2).

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 25


Figure 1
Two-component gear wheel in the green and
in sintered state.
Figure 2
Computed tomographic images of two cross-
sections of a gear wheel in the green state.
Acknowledgments
Financial support of the project CarCIM (TST5-
CT-2006-031462) by the European Commission
is gratefully acknowledged.
26 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Ceramic ceramic compounds by two-component
injection molding
Dipl.-Ing. Anne Mannschatz
Dr. Tassilo Moritz
Motivation ried out at a two-component injec-
tion molding machine (320 S, Arburg)
By combining different materials mul- provided with two injection units. In
tifunctional components with combi- the case of the gear wheel the inner
nations of properties like electrical ring wearing the gears is injected
conductivity/electrical insulation, first. Then the sprue is ejected, the
opacity/transparency, or hardness/ tool rotates by 180° and the outer
toughness can be attained. ring is injected. Afterwards the green
For producing ceramic/ceramic com- part is debinded thermally. For ensur-
pounds by conventional methods ing a defect-free material compound
joining steps are applied which often with sufficient strength in the sintered
limit the geometry of the joining state, the interface in the green part
zone. Furthermore, these methods must be free of delaminations, cracks
require a special surface quality of or inhomogeneities (Figure 2).
both components and sophisticated
devices, e.g. vacuum furnaces. By Products and services offered
shifting the joining step already in the
shaping process costly and time- - Development and characterization
expensive technological processes can of powder injection molding feed-
be avoided. Two-component injection stocks
molding, well-known from plastics
industry, offers the possibility to pro- - Adaption of shrinkage of feed-
duce ceramic parts with complex stocks for common thermal treat-
outer and inner geometry as well as ment
with complex interfaces without any
additional joining steps. Owing to the - Injection molding of one and two-
high degree of automatization this component parts
shaping method is suited for high-
throughput production. - Development of debinding and sin-
tering routes
Results
- Non-destructive testing of ceramic
In addition to thermal and chemical green and sintered parts by com-
compatibility of the materials the puted tomography
common processability must be
assured for the production of material
compounds via a powder technologi-
cal route. Within the framework of
the European project CarCIM a two-
component gear wheel for fuel
pumps based on the material combi-
nation alumina/zirconia toughened
alumina is developed (Figure 1). To
enable injection molding of ceramic
powders, a so-called feedstock is pre-
pared by mixing thermoplastic
binders and powders up to a solids
content of 50-60 vol%. By varying
the solids content the shrinkage of
both feedstocks during sintering can
be adjusted. Injection molding is car-
 GreenTaPIM: Inmold labeling of metal ceramic
material compounds

Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Baumann

Dr. Reinhard Lenk
Dr. Tassilo Moritz

Motivation material composition (Figure 2). Fig-

Metal-ceramic material compounds
combine the ductility of metals with
the high hardness of ceramics. The
combination of both materials in one
component results in an increased
functional density, makes miniaturiza-
tion and filigree design of compo-
nents possible and simplifies the tech-
nology as both materials are sintered
Figure 1 in one step (co-sintering).
Deep-drawn tape made of zirconia and powder
steel.
In inmold labeling prefabricated
100 μm
ceramic or powder metal green tapes
100 % ZrO2
are put in the mold, and then, inject-
80 % ZrO2 ed with the respective material part-
ner.
40 % ZrO2
ure 3 shows one of the demonstra-
tors developed in the project. The
punched green tape made of powder
steel was put into the mold by means
of an automated handling system,
and then injected with the zirconia
feedstock.
Products and services offered
- Development of metal ceramic
material compounds which can be
co-sintered
- Development of inmold labeling
method for various material combi-
nations

Additional joining steps can be saved - Design and development of proto-

20 % ZrO2
as the material composite is realized types
0 % ZrO2 through the injection molding
Figure 2 process. Furthermore, extremely thin
Laminate compound with five graded composi- functional metal or ceramic layers can
tions (top 100 % zirconia, bottom 100 %
powder steel).
be produced because there are no
limitations on account of limited flow
paths as compared to conventional
two-component injection molding.

Results

It is the technological challenge to

Figure 3
Green (with sprue) and sintered thread guide
(in front), 20 mm in diameter.
Design: Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig GmbH
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the German Federal
Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi)
and the project sponsor VDI/VDE/IT Berlin for
funding the InnoNet project GreenTaPIM
(IN 5056) as well as the project partners (Uni-
versity of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg,
Karlsruhe university, Inmatec Technologies
GmbH Rheinbach, MicroCeram GmbH Meis-
sen, Heidorn Technologies GmbH Hamburg,
MiMtechnik GmbH Schmalkalden, Arburg
GmbH + Co. Lossburg, Rauschert Heinersdorf-
Pressig GmbH and Olympus, Winter & Ibe
GmbH, Hamburg).
adjust the shrinkage behavior of both
materials during debinding and sin-
tering. By selecting the appropriate
material combination and binder sys-
tem the component can be sintered
in one step. The process is optimized
with regard to layer and compound
quality as well as to efficiency in
large-scale production. The potential
of the developed method can be
demonstrated with the help of the
following possibilities:
Before the green tapes are put in the
mold, they can be punched and deep
drawn (Figure 1). In order to compen-
sate stress due to different thermal
expansion it is possible to design the
green tapes as laminate compound
with continuous graduation of the

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 27

 Department
Micro and Energy Systems
Department head: Dr. Michael Stelter, Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff
Products and services offered
Realization of R&D projects for the development
and application of functional ceramics for micro
and energy technology at all stages of the value
chain
- Pastes, screen printing technology
- Technology development for Micro and Energy
Systems
- Development and integration of components,
manufacturing of prototypes
- Failure analysis for functional ceramic devices
- Screen printing on tubular substrates
- Characterization of functional properties at
high temperatures
- Characterization of electrical and electrochemi-
cal properties
- CAD design and simulation of components and
systems
- LTCC development and prototypes
- Scientific device engineering
28 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Special technical equipment
Thick film technology
Grinding aggregates, roller mills, rheometer, micro
calorimeter, screen printer with automatic positio-
ning, profilometer, clean rooms, continuous and
chamber furnaces, calibration laser
Multilayer ceramics
Tape caster, via punch, via filler, isostatic and uni-
axial lamination presses, structuring by laser and
micromill, sintering furnaces (zero and free
shrinkage)
Simulation / CAD
ANSYS, ANSYS/CFX, Matlab, Simulink, FlexPDE,
FEMILAB, SolidWorks, AutoCAD
SOFC and system technology
Test stands for stacks, MEAs and components up
to 5 kW, gas analysis
Low-temperature electrochemistry
Standard test stands up to 600 fA, test stands for
combinatory microelectrochemistry, development
and preparation stands for microcells
With its two research fields “Materials and Com-
ponents“ and “Modules and Systems“, the
department covers the entire value chain of
functional ceramic solutions ranging from materi-
als development to system application. Our
research focuses on electrochemical systems and
microsystems for hybrid technology, sensor tech-
nology, and energy conversion. We have 15 years
experience in the field of thick film technology
research and development, including develop-
ment, preparation and manufacture of ceramic
functional materials for various coating and depo-
sition methods at pilot scale. We have used this
experience and competence in our own research
work to develop innovative and cost-effective
components with increased functionality, such as
sensors, thick film batteries and micropackages.
Micro and Energy Systems
By means of multilayer technology (LTCC and
HTCC) we are able to manufacture microsystems
of the highest reliability and integration density for
sophisticated applications. In this field we are also
involved in the entire technological process, from
research to production. Our research combines
conventional electronic packaging with elements
of micro-fluid dynamics and microactuators to
create innovative products and new applications.
SOFC fuel cells are one core competence of our
department. R&D areas include components,
stacks, complete energy systems and their ceramic
reactors. We put focus especially on the use of
biogenic energy carriers. Practical work is suppor-
ted by an efficient simulation of materials, devices
and systems based on experimentally determined
material parameters.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 29
 Micro and Energy Systems

Paste, Sensor, Microsystem Technology Energy Systems

Dr. Lars Rebenklau Dr. Mareike Schneider

lars.rebenklau@ikts.fraunhofer.de mareike.schneider@ikts.fraunhofer.de

HT Electrochemistry and Components Combinatorial Microelectrochemistry

Dr. Nikolai Trofimenko Dr. Michael Schneider

nikolai.trofimenko@ikts.fraunhofer.de michael.schneider@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Microsystems / MLC Mobile Energy Systems

Dr. Uwe Partsch Dr. Matthias Jahn

uwe.partsch@ikts.fraunhofer.de matthias.jahn@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Modeling

Dr. Wieland Beckert

wieland.beckert@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Conductive Materials,
Glass, Joining Technology

Dr. Jochen Schilm

jochen.schilm@ikts.fraunhofer.de

30 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 SOFC system powered by biogas

Dipl.-Ing. Marc Heddrich

Dr. Matthias Jahn
Dipl.-Ing. Felix Marschallek
M. Sc. Ralf Näke

Motivation the following performance could be

achieved:
Within the framework of the research
project for renewable energy supply Continuous automatic operation
funded by the Free State of Saxony Pel = 1 kW
and the European Union the scientists ηDC = 27.8 %
at Fraunhofer IKTS developed a sys- FU = 55 %
tem for power and heat supply on Full load operation
the basis of renewable resources and Pel = 1.32 kW
installed it at a biogas pilot plant. ηDC = 43.9 %
FU = 85 %
Figure 1 SOFC technology may significantly
SOFC system. contribute to efficient energy conver- Over a period of 1600 h the system
sion over a broad power range using was operated both on synthetic bio-
renewable energy sources. gas and in direct coupling to the bio-
gas pilot plant.
Results
Products and services offered
The assembly of the hotbox compo-
nents reformer, fuel cell stack and - Development, testing and pro-
anode tailgas oxidizer is depicted in duction of high temperature com-
Figure 1. ponents for fuel cell systems

The entire system is installed in a lab- - Design and manufacturing of fuel

Figure 2
Installation of the fuel cell container
at the biogas pilot plant in Rosswein.
oratory container inside of which it
was transported to the biogas pilot
plant in Rosswein.
Within the series of experiments it
could be verified that biogas – after
the necessary removal of sulfur com-
ponents – may be utilized very well in
the developed SOFC system. The first
step is to convert it to a synthesis gas
containing H2 and CO by supplying
biogas and air to the reformer.
cell systems with an electric power
output of Pel=1-10 kW for different
biogenic fuels (BTL diesel, biogas,
landfill gas, bio ethanol etc.)
- Gas analyses, mass and energy
balancing
- Support in application of fuel cell
systems in research and education

CH4 + ½O2  CO + 2 H2
CO2 + H2  CO + H2O

The removal of CO or CO2 is not nec-

Figure 3 essary for the built system since CO is
Cell voltages and electric power during
the first series of experiments.
usable fuel for a SOFC.

Employing a biogas composed of

CH4: 55 %
Acknowledgments
The project is funded by the European Union
CO2: 45 %
(EFRE) and the Free State of Saxony.

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 31

 Fuel cell test center
Dr. Michael Stelter
Figure 1
Modern stack test stands are the core of the Motivation
new test center.
In the last several years, the SOFC fuel
cell technology was developed up to
an impressive level of functionality at
Fraunhofer IKTS. Beginning with
ceramic powders, solders, gaskets
and cells to complete stacks and end-
ing with complete systems and their
components, many design approach-
es have been brought to commercial
application together with our indus-
trial partners. Among these develop-
ments IKTS was involved in high pow-
er ESC cells, glass tapes, ceramic pro-
tective layers and SOFC stacks. As
many of these technologies are com-
mercialized now, the focus of future
fuel cell research at IKTS will change.
In the past we mainly concentrated
on the basic functionality of compo-
nents and stacks, such as the size of
the component, power density and
the operation with different fuels. In
the future, aspects directly relevant to
the fuel cell product development will
become much more important. A
main issue will be the operation of
SOFCs under system-equivalent
regimes: thermally self-sustaining,
with carbon containing fuels, or with
fuel containing contaminants such as
H2S. An extremely important parame-
32 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
ter will be the long-term stability of
fuel cells, thus we will carry out tests
that last for several 10,000 hours.
Furthermore, the next logical step in
the IKTS system strategy is the devel-
opment of SOFC system components
beyond the stack.
All these new requirements clearly
showed the limits of the existing IKTS
test installations. Significant invest-
ments in new test hardware as well as
in building equipment were neces-
sary. A newly built SOFC test center
with substantially increased laborato-
ry space was identified as the optimal
solution.
Results
Still during the winter months of
2007 the construction phase started,
following an extremely short planning
and preparation phase. The coopera-
tion among IKTS, the Fraunhofer
headquarters, local facility manage-
ment, architects and technical plan-
ning offices during this really intense
time was excellent. The shell of the
building was finished in January
2008, followed by complex technical
equipment installations. Immediately
afterwards, the first four SOFC test
stands could be installed. Finally, on
February 19 the opening ceremony
took place, with many guests from
industry, science and politics.
Right after the opening, the first four
stack test stands, delivered by Fuelcon
AG, were commissioned. They allow
long-term tests of SOFCs under sys-
tem relevant operating conditions for
many thousand hours, cyclic loading
and contaminant addition to the fuel
gas. More test equipment will follow.
The test center comprises approx.
200 m² of usable laboratory space.
Over 15 stations in the lab hall pro-
vide safe and convenient access to all
gases that are relevant for fuel cell
research, such as hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen and carbon monoxide. But
also special gases that may be con-
tained as contaminants in real fuels
are provided from a central gas stor-
age area. The tubing in the test cen-
ter is built as a redundant gas ring to
ease up maintenance and installation
work without having to shut down
the whole test center. Off heat that
may be produced by fuel cell systems
and test stands can be cooled away
by a 150 kW water based cooling
loop. This cooling power is equivalent
to several domestic combined heat
and power fuel cell units. To intercept
failures and to prevent having to shut
down the complete installation if only
small events occur on a single test
stand, an elaborate alarm system in
combination with an uninterruptable
power supply has been installed. Of
major importance especially during
long-term tests is the safety of data
acquisition and storage. In some cas-
es, several terabytes of data need to
be handled, thus double-redundant
glass fiber cable connects the test
center with two SQL databases on
test field servers in the IKTS main
building. All these features ensure a
maximum in availability and safety of
the installation.
Products and services offered
- Long-term testing and functional
testing of SOFC stacks and compo-
nents as a contractor and in coop-
eration
- Direct access to dedicated test
hardware for customers and coop-
eration partners Figure 2
Thomas Jurk, Saxon State Minister of Economic
Technical parameters Affairs and Labor, attends the press event at
the opening of the new test center.
- Five SOFC stack test stands Evalua-
tor S from 500 W to 5 kW
- Double redundant test field server
- Ten additional stations for test with SQL database and storage
hardware cluster
- Central supply for fuel gases and
special gases including hydrogen
and natural gas
- Central cooling water supply
150 kW (thermal)
- Central gas monitoring and safety
equipment with single station
shutdown capability

The test center is separated from the

main building and also has a separate
access control system. It can thus pro-
vide the level of IP protection and
confidentiality that is required by
industrial partners and customers.
The first projects in the new center
started as early as a few weeks after
the opening.

The new SOFC test center at IKTS is

truly unique in its flexibility and
equipment. It underlines IKTS’ claim
to be one of the leading institutes of
SOFC research in Europe. Figure 3
Large amounts of data are processed using modern computer technology.

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 33

 Reactor development on the basis of SiC foam
ceramics

Dipl.-Ing. Felix Marschallek, Dipl.-Ing. Rico Belitz

Dr. Matthias Jahn, Dipl.-Chem. Dorothea Männel
Dipl.-Ing. Daniela Böttge

Motivation exhaust gases is not possible because

Due to their special characteristics
open-cell ceramic foams are particu-
larly suitable for the use within high
temperature reactors:
- Temperature-stable up to 1300 °C
- High thermal conductivity
- Good temperature change behavior
Figure 1 - Large geometrical surface
Homogeneous combustion within an uncoated
- Manufacturing of multifaceted
SiC foam.
forms
Amongst other fields these reactors
are used for gas pre-treatment and
post-treatment for solid oxide fuel cell
(SOFC) systems. Close cooperation is
established to the Working Group on
Carbide Ceramics of Fraunhofer IKTS
that supplies the ceramic foams and
pursues their further research.
Results
Figure 2 Homogeneous combustion
Washcoated SiC foam.
Reactors with uncoated ceramic
foams already were successfully
employed within two SOFC systems
of the power range of Pel=1 kW
which were developed and tested at
Fraunhofer IKTS. For this purpose spe-
cial reactors were developed which
are qualified for the operation with
cold biogas of high chemical input
powers (system start with Pch=4 kW)
as well as total oxidation of hot fuel
cell exhaust gas of low chemical input
powers (Pch=0.5 kW at T=850 °C).
Emissions of carbon monoxide are
well below 10 ppm for both cases.
Figure 3 Catalytic post-combustion
Pollutant emissions (carbon monoxide) for
homogeneous combustion.
Anode tailgas oxidizers with catalyti-
cally-active coated foams (Figure 2)
for fuel cell systems within the power
range of Pel=0.1-1 kW are currently
being developed. Here a homoge-
neous combustion of the fuel cell
their ignition limits are under-run.
A suitable catalyst for the application
was found in experiments with Pt-
loaded extruded aluminum oxide in a
fixed bed reactor.
Experiments with SiC-coated ceramic
foams showed that at an operating
temperature of the afterburner of
800 °C CO emission levels lower than
10 ppm can be achieved even for
high space velocities (100,000 h-1).
Hydrogen was not detectable in the
afterburner´s offgas.
Further activities lie in the field of
implementation of ceramic foams
within reformers for the precondition-
ing of fuels for SOFC systems.
Products and services offered
- Development, construction and
testing of high-temperature reac-
tors with ceramic foams for the use
of fuel gases with low calorific val-
ues (biogas, fuel cell exhaust, land-
fill gas) within the power range of
Pch=0.1-1 kW
- Development, characterization and
screening of catalysts for the oxida-
tion of carbon monoxide and
hydrogen
- Catalyst stress-tests for the evalua-
tion of degradation and aging
- Development of coated ceramic
foams for the reforming of bio-
genic fuels

34 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 Development of a AlN multilayer system
Dr. Marco Fritsch
Dipl.-Min. Bernd Joedecke
Motivation
By using multilayer technology ceram-
ic materials can be converted into
flexible, laminatable green tapes.
These tapes are screen printed with
functional elements, laminated and
sintered (co-firing) resulting in highly
1 cm integrated monolithic ceramic bodies
which are used as carriers for micro-
Figure 1 systems or as substrates for the semi-
AlN green tapes.
conductor industry. AlN is particularly
characterized by high thermal con-
ductivity making this material inter-
esting for packaging applications of
semiconductors. Using AlN ceramics
in form of multilayers (AlN-HTCC) it is
possible to realize insulation, thermal
conductivity, hermeticity, high density
of wiring and excellent HF properties.
Multilayer technology is important in
the communication of satellites as
well as aerospace and safety technol-
ogy.
1 cm
Figure 2 Results
AlN multilayer ceramics after sintering.
Fraunhofer IKTS is equipped with an
industry tape casting machine by
means of which continuous AlN tapes
between 200 μm and 400 μm in
thickness can be casted (Figure 1).
The tapes show a high quality in the
homogeneity of the components.
Deviations in tape thickness are
below 10 %. The flexible tapes can
be cut and punched to realize the
dimensions and vias between the AlN
layers. By uniaxial pressing at a tem-
perature < 80 °C the tapes are lami-
20 μm
nated. The AlN laminates are
Figure 3 debindered and sintered in a high
Cross section of a tungsten metallization on temperature furnace with tungsten
AlN after co-firing.
heating elements. Figure 2 shows an
AlN multilayer consisting of six single
tapes.
The following properties are
obtained:
Density 3.31 g/cm3
Porosity < 0.05 %
Roughness 0.7 μm
Thermal conduction > 150 W/mK
Shrinkage 16.5 %
Furthermore, tungsten-based pastes
are developed which can be co-fired
with AlN tapes. In addition to an ade-
quate electric conductivity of the met-
allization, it is the main goal of the
development to adjust the shrinkage
between paste and tape in order to
avoid warpage of the multilayer dur-
ing co-firing. Figure 3 shows such a
metallization with a sheet resistance
of 35 mOhm/sq based on a thickness
of 20 μm. Previous analyses show
that besides carefully selected raw
materials the processing technology
mainly contributes to the quality and
the properties of the multilayer.
Products and services offered
- Development of ceramic tapes
- Preparation of metallization pastes
for co-firing and post-firing of
HTCC materials
- Technology development along the
whole process chain of HTCC com-
ponents (structuring, screen print-
ing and ink jet printing, lamination,
debindering, sintering and charac-
terization)
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 35
 CO2 solid electrolyte sensor in thick film technology

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Chriffe Belda

Dr. Claudia Feller

Motivation time, moisture and operating parame-

Figure 1
Thick film CO2 sensor with integrated heater
on the opposite side (top).
Reliable, compact and low-cost CO2
sensors are of great interest for a vari-
ety of possible applications in indus-
trial and medical processes. Opening
up new markets, in particular,
requires lower costs of devices, their
simple handling and low energy con-
sumption. Potentiometrically working
sensors comply with these require-
ments. Furthermore, their measure-
ment signal (voltage) is independent
of the sensor size. This allows a cost-
effective miniaturization of the sensor
by means of thick film technology.
Despite the progress made in the
development of planar thick film CO2
sensors reliably working sensors of
this type are not commercially avail-
able up to now. This goes back to the
insufficient long-term stability from
several months up to years required
for commercial applications.
It was the aim of research to develop
and characterize a long-term stable
CO2 solid electrolyte sensor in thick
film technology.
ters on the sensor properties like sensi-
tivity and stability. It was verified that
the operating parameters have a sig-
nificant influence on the long-term
stability. The sensor stability was
increased many times over by optimiz-
ing the operating temperature of the
sensor. The resulting long-term stability
of more than 7,300 hours (>10 months)
represents a peak value for miniatur-
ized screen printed CO2 solid elec-
trolyte sensors in comparison with cur-
rent data of technical literature. This
allowed the successful technology
transfer of the manufacturing process-
es for sensors used for breathing gas
monitoring as well as the development
of further strategies to increase the
long-term stability which is subject of
current work.
Products and services offered
Development of integrated electro-
chemical sensors by means of screen
printing and multilayer technology as
well as the development of the
appropriate thick-film pastes

Figure 2
Characteristic curves of a CO2 sensor.
Acknowledgments
The project was funded by BMBF/BMWi within
the framework of the AiF project Pro INNO II.
ACEOS GmbH Dresden and ZIROX Sensoren &
Elektronik GmbH are greatly acknowledged for
their collaboration.
Results
Within the framework of the collabo-
ration different sensor layouts with an
electrode area of 22 mm2, 4 mm2 and
2 mm2 were developed which demon-
strate a significant miniaturization of
the sensor. The functional layers of the
planar sensor (Figure 1) were screen
printed on the solid electrolyte coated
substrate. For that purpose different
electrolyte coatings with high ion con-
ductivity and a long-term stability of
more than 10,000 hours were devel-
oped and characterized. The sensor
behavior and long-term stability of the
CO2 solid electrolyte sensors were
determined under different applica-
tion-relevant conditions (Figure 2).
Long-term experiments showed the
influence of storage conditions like

36 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 Effect of H2S on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
operation

M. Sc. Sena Kavurucu Schubert

Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff

Motivation higher concentrations the anode was

Figure 1
Operating voltage of a cell with cermet anode
at cyclical H2S contamination (i=350mA/cm²).
One of the important advantages of
solid oxide fuel cells is the fact that
various types of fuel gases such as H2,
CO, CH4 or hydrocarbons and alco-
hols can be used as compared to oth-
er fuel cells. Thus, it is easier to inte-
grate the SOFC in systems that can
also be powered with biomass fuels
aside from fossil fuels. However, it is
disadvantageous that these gases
may often contain different contami-
nants which negatively affect the per-
formance of the SOFC.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the
most hazardous and stable contami-
nants for SOFCs. H2S can damage the
anode even in the ppm range and
decrease the performance of the
SOFC system. For this reason the limit
values and mechanisms for H2S cont-
amination of the electrodes have to
be investigated.
irreversibly damaged. In comparison,
the internal resistance of ZrO2 con-
taining anodes increased very fast
and strongly even at very low H2S
concentrations, but could be regener-
ated almost completely after H2S
supply was stopped. The reason of
this difference can bee seen in the
ionic/electronic conductivity of CeO2
under reducing atmospheres.
The characterization of H2S contami-
nation of SOFCs allows a better
understanding of deactivation
processes in the anode, to identify
H2S concentration limits and to devel-
op effective regeneration processes
for SOFC systems.
Products and services offered
- Investigation of SOFC MEAs with
regard to H2S influence on SOFC
performance

Results - Development of H2S resistant

Figure 2
Impedance spectra of an SOFC with Ni/CeO2
anode at different H2S concentrations.
electrodes
The influence of H2S was studied
under system-relevant operating con- - Investigation of the influence of
ditions. The specific test stand allows contaminants on SOFC performan-
one to simulate different biomass and ce
fossil fuels and to contaminate the
single-cell stacks with H2S. The degra-
dation was characterized by means of
voltage-current curves and imped-
ance measurements.

Sulphur mainly damages the anode

Acknowledgments
The results were obtained within the frame-
work of the ProBio Program and in cooperation
with Staxera GmbH.
by deactivating the nickel surface
resulting in a decrease of the three
phase boundaries (TPB) where the
electrochemical reactions take place.
SOFC cells with different anode mate-
rials showed different contamination
behavior. In the project two types of
anodes, Ni/ZrO2 and Ni/CeO2, were
investigated. The cells with Ni/CeO2
anodes were more tolerant to H2S
than Ni/ZrO2 anodes when the water
content of the fuel was ≤ 6 vol%. At

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 37

 Influence of oxide layer formation on the
degradation behavior of SOFC fuel cells
Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Megel
Dr. Viktar Sauchuk
500 μm 500 μm Motivation
Solid oxide fuel cells have the advan-
tage of converting fuel gases into
electrical energy with high efficiency
without using expensive catalysts. For
a commercial success the long-term
a b stability has to be improved and the
Figure 1 manufacturing costs have to be
Oxide layer formation after 1600 h at 850 °C reduced. To increase the long-term
under air at a metal surface a) without ceramic
coating and b) with ceramic coating. stability the occurring degradation
effects have to be better understood
and separated. It is assumed that the
oxide layer at the interface between
interconnect and ceramic contact lay-
er introduces significant contributions
to the total degradation of the SOFC.
Contact wires
The analysis of polished cross sections
has shown that ceramic coatings
Interconnect influence this oxide layer formation
(Figure 1). The aim is to obtain a
Ceramic ribs
Oxide scale
dense, thin and highly conductive
oxide layer.
Figure 2 Results
Sample geometry (schematic).
The area specific resistance at the
interface between interconnect and
contact layer was determined to esti-
mate the degradation caused by
oxide layer formation. A specific sam-
ple (Figure 2) was developed guaran-
teeing a reproducible geometry. The
measured resistance data were ana-
lyzed using simulation tools to avoid
measurement errors of conventional
methods.
Current density [mA/cm2] At first, the time-dependent resistivi-
0 1250 2500 3750 5000 ties of the contact layer materials
Figure 3 (bulk) were determined in separate
Current density distribution of a three-dimen-
sionally simulated sample. measurements. In order to determine
the resistance at the interface on the
basis of these values, the real geome-
tries of the contact layer ribs were
determined (polished cross section,
image processing) and simulated
using an exact 3D model (Figure 3).
By inverse parameter variation, accu-
Acknowledgments rate and reproducible area specific
The work was funded by the Federal Ministry
of Economy and Technology and realized in resistances were obtained.
collaboration with Staxera GmbH.
38 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
The determined resistances depended
on the used ceramic materials and
alloys. For the material combination
of fuel cells without an additional
protection layer (Mk 100 of Staxera
Gmbh) interface resistances of
1.0 mΩcm² were determined after
150 h at 850 °C in air, and
9.1 mΩcm² after 3200 h. The contri-
bution of those resistances to the
total resistance of the fuel cell, thus,
can be neglected.
The increase of area specific resis-
tance at the interface between inter-
connect and contact layer was
3.1 mΩcm²/1000 h. The total degra-
dation of a comparable stack is
23 mΩcm²/1000 h at 850 °C. The
contribution of interface resistance
between contact layer and intercon-
nect to the total degradation of the
stack is 27 % when adjusting the
total degradation by the real geome-
try factor. The remaining degradation
is caused by other effects.
By means of this new method, further
promising materials for contact layers
were investigated. It was proved that
this method is very effective to screen
high-temperature material combina-
tions under real conditions. Using
exact three-dimensional analysis, sep-
arated areas specific resistances were
obtained even with irregular sample
geometries.
Products and services offered
Determination of area specific resis-
tances at the interface between two
materials at temperatures above
700 °C, e.g. for SOFC
 Degradation of SOFC sealing glasses in dual atmo-
spheres under the influence of applied voltage

Dr. Jochen Schilm

Dipl.-Ing. Axel Rost

Cathode Motivation influences are mainly localized at the

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) convert
the chemical energy of various fuel
gases into electricity. At Fraunhofer
IKTS the specific components, e.g.
interconnectors, are joined by partially
crystallizing glass seals. These seals
separate air and fuel gas cavities up
Anode 200 μm to high temperatures and are addi-
tionally used for electrical insulation
Figure 1 of adjacent components. The glass
Different microstructures of anodically and
seals have to match the requirements
cathodically polarized glass metal interfaces
between glass and Crofer22. in terms of chemical compatibility
with metallic interconnectors and
aggressive environments at high tem-
peratures. Also during SOFC opera-
tion a voltage up to 1.3 V is applied
to the glass sealings. The stability
required under the influence of an
electrical field during the whole oper-
ation time up to 40,000 h has not
been systematically investigated so
far.
outer interfaces of the sealing glass.
A formation of BaCrO4 is only found
on the air side, but not along the
interface between glass and metal.
On the fuel side various fuel gas com-
positions were tested and only minor
changes in the microstructure of the
sealing glass were found. Figure 2
shows the behavior of the resistivity
of a sealing glass at 850 °C as a func-
tion of the applied voltage. After the
resistivity has strongly increased at
first, a maximum value is passed fol-
lowed by a continuous reduction.
Both the position of the maximum
and the reduction of resistivity clearly
depend on the applied voltage.
Strong interfacial reactions, particular-
ly the formation of Cr-Mn-Zn oxide
layers, occurring with increasing volt-
age, are responsible for this behavior.
Products and services offered

Results - Test of high-temperature sealing

Figure 2
Resistivity at 850 °C under dual atmosphere
and applied voltage between 0.7 and 30 V.
Acknowledgments
The results were obtained in cooperation and
by financial support of Staxera GmbH.
materials in SOFC-relevant gas con-
Fraunhofer IKTS developed a test rig ditions
that allows the treatment of high-
temperature sealing materials under - Combined loading due to dual
SOFC relevant conditions in a dual atmosphere and applied voltage
atmosphere and simultaneously
applying a voltage at maximum tem- - Analysis and characterization of
peratures of 1000 °C. Reactions at interfacial reactions and changes in
the interfaces, changes in the the glass
microstructure of the sealing glass
and also effects of various fuel gas
compositions were investigated by
means of scanning electron
microscopy (Figure 1). In the case of
sample sealings consisting of SOFC-
relevant materials dense Cr-Mn-Zn
oxide layers were found at the inter-
faces. Their growth correlates strongly
with the amount of the applied volt-
age. The polarization of the metallic
substrates caused by the electrical
potential results in additional reac-
tions, such as the formation of crys-
talline SiO2 on the anode side.
Reactions caused by atmospheric

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 39

 Department
Environmental Processing Technology
Department head: Dr. Michael Stelter
Products and services offered
- Innovative process and system development in
the environmental field: development, practica-
bility, commercialization
- Realization of disintegration systems for bio-
mass treatment as well as support in projects by
engineers and scientists
- Determination of gas potential of biogenic
substrates
- Determination of reaction kinetics for anaerobic
digestion processes
- Complex system analysis by using special mea-
surement technology for problem solving or
reduction operating costs
- Concepts for industrial water treatment and
material recycling
- Application engineering and evaluation of poten-
tial use for membrane technology
- Ultrasound applications and simulation of cavi-
tation fields
- Expertises and expert opinions
Process and System Characterization
Dr. Hannelore Friedrich
hannelore.friedrich@ikts.fraunhofer.de
40 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Special technical equipment
Stationary and mobile measurement
technology
Particle measurement / millimeter-scale to nano-
meter-scale
Test sieves, laser diffraction spectrometer, Fibre
Shape, Sysmex FPIA-3000, HPPS, centrifuge, Tur-
biscan, turbidity measurement, zeta potential mea-
surement, particle charge detectors, process visco-
simeter
Microscopes / microbiological measurement
Transmitted light and fluorescence microscope,
spectral photometer for element analysis and
enzyme determination, bacterial count and
nutrient analysis
Environmental analysis / sample preparation
Standard equipment, bucket and refrigerated cen-
trifuge, membrane filtration
Stationary and mobile technical equipment
Homogenization and comminution equipment
High-speed homogenizer, ultrasound technology,
cutting mill, disintegration module system
Anaerobe / aerobe technology
Wastewater treatment plant, fermentation reactor
(1 l, 5 l, 10 l)
Flocculation and dewatering equipment
Laboratory decanter and frame filter press, floccu-
lation reactor
Hygienization
UV hygienization plant, drying chambers, sterilizer
Systems Integration
Dr. Eberhard Friedrich
eberhard.friedrich@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Environmental Processing Technology
Research and development objectives of the Envi-
ronmental Processing Technology department
include process and system development in the
field of drinking water purification, wastewater
and sludge treatment for municipal and industrial
wastewater treatment plants, and renewable
energy generation. An interdisciplinary team of
experts qualified in the fields of process enginee-
ring, residential water management and Environ-
mental Processing Technology develops innova-
tive processes and systems for the national and
international market.
Our new disintegration module system has been
introduced to the international market for waste-
water sludge treatment and is expected to find
many applications in the field of biomass treat-
ment. It is the short-term goal of our innovative
and future-oriented research to increase both the
quantity and quality of biogas produced by the
system. An attractive synergistic effect is achieved
by using biogas in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
developed at the Fraunhofer IKTS.
Within the framework of production-integrated
environmental protection of natural resources
(water and raw materials), we are currently resear-
ching energy management life cycle analysis in the
ceramic industry. A further area of research is the
removal of environmentally harmful substances
(pollutants and synthetic additives) from treated
wastewater using modern environmentally sound
methods (membrane technology and hygienizati-
on).
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 41

Figure 1
Process criteria for system selection of solid-
liquid separation technology (raw material
reclamation).
Process water
Recycled process water
Figure 2
Process water from pressure casting process
before and after treatment with a dynamic
cross-flow filtration unit, ceramic membranes
of 20 nm in thickness.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank Duravit Sanitär-
porzellan Meissen GmbH for its research coope-
ration and the commissioning of R&D services.
42 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Production-integrated environmental protection in
the ceramic industry: Measures for quality manage-
ment, cost reduction and environmental protection
Dr. Hannelore Friedrich
Motivation
Production-integrated environmental
protection (PIEP) with its holistic view
may lead to significant resource and
energy saving. Companies can
decrease their high costs by reducing
their water, energy and material con-
sumption as well as their wastewater
and waste by appropriate measures.
Suppliers of innovative process tech-
nology can benefit from the imple-
mentation of these PIEP measures
and target new market opportunities.
Results
Decentralized process water treat-
ment
Potentials for reclamation (water, raw
materials) in sanitary production were
determined by systematic stream and
material analyses. Laboratory and
pilot scale tests led to a suitable sys-
tem selection (decanting centrifuge)
for solid-liquid separation of process
water streams of the production lines
“ceramic mass” and “white glaze”.
Using these methods Duravit Sanitär-
porzellan Meissen GmbH is able to
recycle more than 200 t of white
glaze from process water which can
be reused in the production process.
This technology and system devel-
oped in cooperation with Fraunhofer
IKTS proved to be economically and
environmentally beneficial in other
branches of Duravit AG as well.
In order to increase the production
efficiency modern pressure casting
machines were installed for the pro-
duction of toilets in the years
2007/2008. Increasing amounts of
washing water polluted with different
chemical additives resulted in an over-
load of the industrial wastewater
treatment plant. By using a decentral-
ized process water treatment technol-
ogy in the business unit “toilet pres-
sure casting” with a dynamic cross-
flow filtration unit the freshwater
consumption could be reduced and
the wastewater treatment plant could
be relieved significantly. The process
water can be reused as washing fluid
in the pressure casting machine and
considerably less chemicals have to be
used. Moreover, an impact load of
the wastewater treatment plant could
be avoided.
Improvements of quality by online
measurements
The installation of an online measure-
ment equipment for continuous and
simultaneous monitoring of tempera-
ture, pH and electro-acoustical mobili-
ty in the feed flow of the pressure
casting machine allows a deeper
insight into the change of suspension
properties, and thus effects on the
product results. An early detection of
product defects in the suspension
allows immediately exerting an influ-
ence and assures high product quali-
ty. Online monitoring of suspensions
is considered as a standard solution
for other production lines to increase
and assure the quality. Through con-
sequent application of PIEP methods
considerable amounts of resources
(drinking water, raw materials and
energy) could be saved and opera-
tional costs could be minimized at
Duravit Sanitärporzellan Meissen
GmbH.
Products and services offered
- Process and system analysis
- Concepts and expertise in PIEP

Figure 1
Volume fractions of different digestat after
dewatering.
Figure 2
Retention behavior of different ceramic mem-
branes.
Figure 3
Ceramic membrane module.
Acknowledgments
The results were obtained within the framework
of the project “Use of renewable resources with
integrated wastewater and sludge treatment for
renewable energy production with CHP and
solid oxide fuel cell“. The project was funded by
the European Union (EFRE) and the Free State
of Saxony.
Innovative developments for digestate treatment on
agricultural biogas plants
Dipl.-Ing. Robert Maas
Dr. Ron Schumann
Dr. Eberhard Friedrich
Motivation
Energy production from renewable
resources becomes more and more
important when the prices for fossil
fuels as well as the worldwide energy
demand increase. In this context agri-
cultural biogas plants for the produc-
tion of electrical and thermal energy
were installed in the last few years.
The amount of digestat of these bio-
gas plants used as a fertilizer on agri-
cultural fields strongly increased at
the same time. Storage capacity par-
ticularly on large biogas plants is a
limiting factor so that a specific treat-
ment of the digestat becomes neces-
sary. For this purpose mechanical
dewatering is suitable followed by
ultrafiltration to completely separate
the particulate matter. The obtained
nutrients in the solid phase as well as
in the permeate can be exploited suc-
cessfully. The solid phase can be put
on fields and the permeate can either
be reused in the process or further
processed.
Results
By mechanical dewatering without
flocculation aids suspensions with a
dry solids content of 5 % were
obtained which served as feed for
ultrafiltration tests which were con-
ducted with different commercially
available membranes and ceramic
membranes developed at the Fraun-
hofer IKTS.
Figure 1 shows the volume fractions
of the solid and liquid phase of differ-
ent digestates and dewatering tech-
nologies. In order to operate the
ultrafiltration unit efficiently nearly
solid-free process water is required.
This could be achieved using dewa-
tering technologies. Figure 2 shows
the retention behavior of the investi-
gated ceramic membranes for differ-
ent nutrients. No significant differ-
ence in the performance of the differ-
ent membranes could be observed.
However, the retention of ions could
be detected where the retention for
anions (phosphate, nitrate) as well as
chemically oxidizable substances was
higher as compared to cations
(ammonium). This behavior can be
explained with the formation of an
ionic gel layer on the membrane sur-
face, which served as additional
active separation layer. In Figure 3 the
module with a ceramic wave-like
sheet membrane developed at Fraun-
hofer IKTS is presented. In compari-
son to commercially available mem-
branes this module has a longer ser-
vice life as well as high flow rates at
constant retention.
Products and services offered
- Process development and econo-
mic evaluation for digestat treat-
ment on agricultural biogas plants
- Evaluation of the nutrient potential
of digestates
- Realization of dewatering experi-
ments in laboratory as well as pilot
plant scale with different aggrega-
tes
- Filtration experiments with diffe-
rent membranes in lab scale as well
as pilot plant scale
- Development of ceramic sheet
membranes and membrane modu-
les
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 43
 Numerical and experimental investigation of sludge
disintegration with power ultrasound

Dipl.-Ing. Robert Maas

Motivation coefficient includes the fluid flow

Sludge disintegration by means of
power ultrasound has become an
established large-scale method in
anaerobic digestion in the last few
years. The underlying mechanisms
and processes taking place in these
disintegration reactors, however, have
not been investigated so far. In order
to design and optimize these reactors
it is necessary to know and under-
stand the propagation of an ultra-
sound field in a non-Newtonian and
cavitating fluid as well as the fluid
flow in such reactors. Due to the
opaque nature and inhomogeneous
properties of the sewage sludge it is
Figure 1 not possible to measure the fluid flow
Simulated sound field in an ultrasound reactor visually. Therefore, the numerical
for sludge disintegration.
simulation has proved to be a further
possibility to gain knowledge.
Results
Simulations of the sound and fluid
flow field were conducted with the
finite element simulation tool Flex-
PDE. A 2D model of the sound field
Sound and Apparent
velocity field viscosity
was applied in which the specific
properties of a continuously fed reac-
tor and the fluid were implemented.
Sewage sludges and especially thick-
ened surplus activated sludge have
the following properties:
- Opacity
- Non-Newtonian properties
- Inhomogeneous composition
Figure 2 In a first approach the sound field
Sound and velocity field (left) as well as viscosi- (Figure 1) for the process of sludge
ty field (right) at a cascade sonotrode. disintegration was modeled with a
modified Helmholtz equation consid-
ering damping effects of the sound
amplitude using a complex formulat-
ed attenuation coefficient. Attenua-
tion of the sound amplitude can be
attributed to viscous, thermal and
Acknowledgments molecular effects as well as absorp-
Financial support of the Pro INNO project (KF tion of sound energy in the cavitation
0014203KDA2) by the German Federal Minis-
try of Economics and Technology is gratefully bubbles formed in the fluid. The
acknowledged. experimentally deduced attenuation
induced by a feed pump as well as the
non-Newtonian properties of the
sewage sludge. In the next step the
vector field was calculated by coupling
the sound and fluid flow field. The
resulting driving force vectors were
included in the fluid flow equations as
an additional impulse. The flow equa-
tions are the impulse and mass bal-
ance formulated for an incompress-
ible, non-Newtonian fluid. Through
experimentally deduced equations the
influence of cavitation on the non-
Newtonian viscosity was determined.
The velocity field (Figure 2, left) and
the viscosity field (Figure 2, right) for
sludge disintegration were calculated
using the aforementioned model
equations.
The introduced model equations are
suitable to simulate the sound and
fluid flow field in sewage sludges
from municipal wastewater treatment
plants and can be used as a tool for
process optimization.
Products and services offered
- Numerical simulation of continu-
ously and batch driven ultrasound
vessels in Newtonian (e.g. water)
as well as non-Newtonian fluids
(e.g. polymer solutions)
- Optimization of design and process
parameters of power ultrasound
systems

44 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report


Motivation
Sewage sludge disintegration in order
to increase the biogas output and to
reduce the amount of sludge to be
disposed is a well established and
commercialized technology in anaero-
bic sludge stabilization in digesters.
However, a large amount of waste-
water treatment plants are not
equipped with digesters, which means
that sludge stabilization has to be
realized by aerobic treatment. In this
case large amounts of sludge are gen-
erated. The application of disintegra-
tion technologies in large-scale to
minimize the sludge amount in aero-
bic sludge stabilization plants was
investigated only in a few cases for a
short period of time. This causes
uncertainties regarding the effective-
ness of this process. Against this back-
ground a 6 kW ultrasound unit was
installed on a wastewater treatment
plant in France within the framework
of a project with partners from France
and the Netherlands funded by the EU
from 2005 to 2008. It was the objec-
tive of the project to measure the
reduction of sludge output, to deter-
Figure 1
Correlation between suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand in
the feed stream of the wastewater treatment plant St. Sylvain.
Sewage sludge reduction by disintegration of
return sludge
Dr. Hannelore Friedrich
Dr. Burkhardt Fassauer
mine the release of climate-relevant
gases and the sludge quality, to trans-
fer the process parameters to other
wastewater treatment plants, and to
evaluate the economic benefits. Prior
to the installation of the ultrasound
system extensive lab scale experiments
as well as field tests were necessary.
After a lead time, including structural
alterations according to the require-
ments of the planned tests, an ultra-
sound unit was installed in the return
sludge stream of the 6300 p.e. waste
water treatment plant. The ultrasound
unit was operated with a feed flow of
1.2 m³/h between July 2007 and April
2008. The parameters of the waste-
water treatment plant were continu-
ously monitored during the periods
with and without ultrasound treat-
ment. In addition, extensive periodic
sampling and on-site analyses were
conducted to observe the process
parameters and the state of the ultra-
sound equipment.
Results
Applying ultrasound treatment the
sludge production decreased by
28 %. These results were verified with
engineering calculation models
derived in France and Germany. As
expected an increased release of CO2
during the ultrasound treatment peri-
od was observed. Considering all
emissions of climate relevant gases
(CO2, CH4, NO2) no increase was visi-
ble. Analysis of sludge quality consid-
ering the parameters AOX, HAP, NTK,
P-Ptotal, Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb
showed no influence of ultrasound
treatment. By means of a scale-up
model derived from process parame-
ters the break-even point for this
application of ultrasound treatment
can be estimated to be at least
55 euros sludge disposal cost per ton
of dry matter. Thus, the application of
this ultrasound process is suitable for
aerobic sludge stabilization and eco-
nomically beneficial for operating
companies. The operation of the disin-
tegration technology was free from
disturbance at low wear of the ultra-
sound sonotrode.
Products and services offered
- System solutions for sludge and
biomass disintegration
- Process, energy and fluid flow
analysis
- Gas potential analysis
Acknowledgments
The project “Sound Sludge” was
funded within the framework of
the Life Environment Program of
the European Union.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 45
 Department
Smart Materials and Systems
Department head: Dr. Andreas Schönecker
Products and services offered
Realization of R&D projects for the development
and application of dielectric advanced ceramics in
the form of raw materials, devices and integrated
functional elements
- Studies and concept development
- Materials and process development
- Device development and integration, manufac-
turing of prototypes
- Supply of key functional materials and compo-
nents
- Characterization of dielectric, piezoelectric and
ferroelectric functional properties
- Vibration and sound field measurements
- Modeling and simulation to design systems for
sensors, actuators and ultrasonic transducers
- Scientific tool building for special equipment
Dielectric Ceramics and Composites, Piezo-
ceramics, Actuator and Sensor Technology,
Smart Systems
Dr. Andreas Schönecker
andreas.schoenecker@ikts.fraunhofer.de
46 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Special technical equipment
Technologies
- Powder technology, screen printing, casting
technologies
- Piezoceramic multilayer technology, CSD, CVD,
PVD, CMP
- Micromachining
Numerical tools
- CAD: Solid Works, Autodesk Inventor
- FEM: ANSYS, ATTILA, FlexPDE
- Circuit simulation: PSPICE
- System simulation: Matlab Simulink, SCILAB,
PSPICE
Hardware
- Platforms: HC12, Power PC, MSP 430
Measurement technology
- Piezo measurement technology, material para-
meters for high electric field strengths (to
100 kV), high and low temperatures (-190 °C
to 700 °C) as well as high and low frequencies
(mHz to 12 GHz), laser interferometer (< 5 nm)
- Ultrasonic measurement technology, scanning
laser vibrometer
- One-wavelength multi-angle ellipsometer, spec-
troscopic reflectrometer (300 mm mapping opti-
on)
- Test stand for reliability and operational condi-
tions
- Test stand for measuring of hardness
Functional Layers for Microelectronics and
Wear Protection
Dr. Ingolf Endler
ingolf.endler@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Smart Materials and Systems
The Smart Materials and Systems department uses
its extensive experience in science and engineering
to develop and integrate industry-relevant dielectric
functional ceramics into devices, microsystems and
active structures. The department solves complex,
interdisciplinary problems in optimization processes
comprising the entire value chain from material syn-
thesis to functional verification in prototype
systems.
Optimization occurs at various levels, including
increasing functionality of individual materials, com-
bining various material properties as composites,
and adjusting components of the system environ-
ment.
The department has special competence in the
field of complex perovskites which introduce
actuating, sensing and electronic functions in
monolithic devices and material composites with
polymers, metals, glasses and other ceramics. For
thick film, multilayer and piezocomposite technolo-
gies the complete technological development pro-
cess is available. This expertise, combined with uni-
que modeling and characterization tools, allows for
innovative developments in the field of piezo tech-
nology, adaptronics / mechatronics, microsystem
and microenergy technology. The department uses
CVD, PVD and sol gel techniques as well as reactive
ion etching for thin film preparation. On the basis
of this technology portfolio, new material solutions
for semi-conductor technology and wear protection
are developed.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 47
 Seed preparation for lead-free piezoceramics

Dr. Falko Schlenkrich

Motivation dimension and 1 to 2 μm in thickness.

Current trends in the field of piezoce-
ramic materials are focused on the
search for reproducible, lead-free
compounds which can substitute lead
zirconate titanate materials (PZT) in
commercial applications.
10 μm
Currently, both base systems of
potassium sodium niobate and solid
Figure 1 solutions with barium titanate are
NaNbO3 seeds.
considered as most promising candi-
dates.
The development of anisotropic
microstructures proved to be a useful
approach to improve the performance
of the ceramic materials. This can be
achieved by combining conventional
ceramic powder technology with
methods of texture formation. Within
the framework of our work different
methods of ceramic seed preparation
which focus on the synthesis of
promising, high-performance lead-
free piezoceramics were studied.
It could be shown that BaTiO3 and
SrTiO3 seeds can be derived from dif-
ferent bismuth layer compounds.
Thus, it is possible to optimize the
seed quality.
Products and services offered
Technology development and produc-
tion of seeds with tailored qualities
within the framework of contract
research. Experience with the follow-
ing seed compositions is available:
- Compounds with bismuth layer
structure
K4Nb6O17
Ba6Ti17O40
Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18
Bi4Ti3O12
Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15
SrBi4Ti4O15
BaBi4Ti4O15

Results - Compounds with perovskite

50 μm
structure
Figure 2 Texture formation of the ceramic
Bi4Ti3O12 seeds. microstructure is caused by templated NaNbO3
grain growth. We used bismuth layer KNbO3
structured oxides and perovskites as SrTiO3
seed crystal, having an anisotropic, BaTiO3
plate-like shape. Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3
K0.5Bi0.5TiO3
Size and morphology of the seeds can
be tailored by adjusting the following
parameters:

- Composition and quality of raw

materials
- Used flux composition
- Mass ratio of raw materials to flux
- Relative mass ratio of the constitu-
ent flux phases
- Material of crucible
- Heating regime
- Addition of seeds
Acknowledgments
Research is supported within the framework of The seed size can be adjusted to get
the BMBF project RealMAK. platelets with 5 to 50 μm in lateral

48 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report


Figure 1
Classification of commercially available materi-
als and associated energy density constants.
Known groups of standard materials are
marked.
Figure 2
Output power of piezoelectric generator mate-
rials depending on manufacturing technology
(layer thickness).
Piezoelectric generators
Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Rödig
Motivation
New concepts of energy supply are
required to power the recently devel-
oped, decentralized, wireless con-
nected network nodes, which are
introduced to provide special sensor
and actuator function. Wiring and
batteries are not suitable in respect of
complexity, flexibility and lifetime.
Additionally, the battery solution is
not maintenance-free and produces
toxic waste. The technical progress in
the field of extremely low energy
electronics opens up the chance to
use harvested energy from the envi-
ronment.
Piezoelectric generators are appropri-
ate to convert the smallest mechani-
cal deformations directly into electri-
cal energy. This solid state effect is
free of degradation in a wide opera-
tion range. Therefore, a very high life-
time and availability can be guaran-
teed.
Piezoelectric materials and transduc-
ers are available commercially. Thus,
piezoelectric generators can be pro-
duced cost-efficiently and in large
quantities.
Our work aimed at the definition of
design guidelines describing the
development of piezoelectric genera-
tors with highest performance based
on the usable mechanical energy and
the electrical load.
Results
Our approach uses the optimization
of all individual system components
under the rule of maximum energy
conversion and energy storage.
As starting point, available piezoce-
ramic materials were classified with
respect of specific performance crite-
ria like the energy constant (Figure 1).
The data compilation allows one to
evaluate commercial as well as new
lead-free alternatives for application
in generator devices.
Energy conversion can be improved
by optimizing the components design
and manufacturing technology. The
layer thickness, electrically active cross
sections as well as orientation of load
transmission are important perfor-
mance indicators. The layer thickness
determines the maximum output volt-
age and the output power at given
electrical load (Figure 2).
By optimally designing piezoelectric
generators additional dissipative gen-
erator electronics for impedance mea-
surements are not necessary. The
overall efficiency increases. Energy
and storage management require
specific electronics to increase the sta-
bility and reliability of power supply.
In this respect, effective commercial
solution may be adopted from known
battery powered electronics.
To describe and simulate piezoelectric
generators the electro-mechanical
modeling method of Lenk et al. is
suitable. All physical correlations are
transformed into electrical networks
and simulated in SPICE® software.
The developers of autarkic, decentral-
ized and wireless connected network
nodes are able to analyze and opti-
mize the entire system.
Products and services offered
Design and manufacture of cus-
tomized piezoelectric generators
including mechanical interface, piezo-
electric generator as well as energy
and storage management.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 49
 Aligned carbon nanotubes for electronic packaging

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Frank Meissner

Dr. Ingolf Endler

Motivation aligned CNT different catalyst systems

Electronic packaging technology has
continuously to be adjusted to the
changing requirements. Continuous
miniaturization results in smaller
interconnect materials. Consequently
there is a need for new joining mate-
rials showing better thermal and elec-
Figure 1 trical properties.
CVD system at IKTS cleanroom.
Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) are
promising candidates for functional
layers because of their high thermal
and electrical conductivity, high
mechanical strength and superior
chemical resistivity. Fraunhofer IKTS is
a one-stop-shop for aligned carbon
nanotubes. We offer know-how in
substrate technology as well as in
CNT synthesis by CVD tools (Figure
1). Furthermore, analysis methods
such as SEM, TEM, Raman spec-
Figure 2 troscopy and AFM are available. Test
Structured carbon nanotubes for heat trans- and measurement structures consist-
port.
ing of aligned carbon nanotubes can
also be offered.
were tested. A special set up was
designed to analyze the heat trans-
port. Therefore, a heater and a ther-
mistor were applied in thick-film tech-
nology on an Al2O3 substrate. The
best performance was achieved with
carbon nanotubes grown on the Fe-
Al2O3-SiO2 layer system. As compared
to blank silicon wafers a temperature
difference of 12 K was measured at a
heating power of 7.7 W. This
approach can be used for chip cool-
ing concepts of the future. The
design of the cooling element can be
tailored by lateral structuring of the
CNT film (Figure 2).
Products and services offered
- Manufacturing of aligned and non-
aligned carbon nanotube layers on
defined substrates
- Preparation and development of
catalysts suitable for carbon
nanotube growth

Results - Characterization of carbon

nanotube structures by SEM (Fig-
Different catalyst layer systems on sili- ure 3) and spectroscopic analysis
con substrates were investigated for
growing aligned carbon nanotubes. - Preparation and development of
For this purpose conductive and non- prototypes with nanotube struc-
conductive barrier layers such as tures
Al2O3 and TiN were used. It was
proved that both barrier layers pre-
2 μm vent the formation of silicides which
is still a limiting factor when using
Figure 3
SEM micrograph of vertically aligned carbon
metallic layers as catalyst and elec-
nanotubes. trode material.

The TiN layer serves as bottom elec-

Acknowledgments
The presented work was funded by the German
Federal Ministry of Education and Research
within the project “NAFU-AVT“. The funding
organization, project initiator VDI/VDE/IT Berlin
and project partner TU Dresden are gratefully
acknowledged for supporting this project.
trode to measure the electrical con-
ductivity. Titanium nitride allows
both, current flow and heat trans-
port. By using this setup the electrical
behavior of CNTs was analyzed by
four-point method. Carbon nanotube
layers show an Ohmic contact behav-
ior. To verify the cooling effect of

50 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report


Figure 1
Comparison of experimental and calculated
hysteresis loop.
a
b
Figure 2
Simulation of electrode structures. Figure a
shows the non-polarized ceramic component
shortly after applying the electric field. Figure b
shows the completely polarized ceramic com-
ponent. The non-polarized areas can be clearly
detected in the right section of the structure.
Literature
[1] Belov, A.Yu. and Kreher, W.S., Micromecha-
nics of Ferroelectrics: From Domain Walls to
Piezoceramic Devices, Ferroelectrics, 2007,
volume 351, pages 79-87
[2] CF++, Uni-Erlangen, Lehrstuhl für Sensorik,
Prof. Lerch
Acknowledgments
The work was funded within the framework of
the DFG research program Transregio 39 PT-PIE-
SA and conducted in collaboration with the
Chair of Sensor Technology LSE at Erlangen
University.
Non-linear multi-field simulation to design
piezoceramic components
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Nicolai
Motivation ANSYS may be read in, and the cou-
pled non-linear material behavior
Numerical simulation plays an impor- within the composite material may be
tant roll in designing piezoceramic simulated subsequently.
products. For composite components
consisting of a passive material like Products and services offered
aluminum and an active material like
piezoceramics, however, the coupling In combination with the expertise to
of two different physical descriptions simulate and design the electrical
is absolutely necessary. At present, a actuation Fraunhofer IKTS has the
few finite element programs offer the complete know-how covering the
possibility to describe the linear piezo- simulation, manufacturing and exper-
effect, but often important functions imental validation to develop cus-
such as to simultaneously simulate tomized complex adaptive structures.
the non-linear polarization step are
missing. Modern electrode structures, - Design and optimization of piezo-
in particular, have complex structures ceramic composites
so that the material cannot be polar-
ized equally. - Studies and development of con-
cepts for piezoceramic composites
Results
- Linear and non-linear simulation of
Based on a viscoplastic model of piezoceramic modules
Belov&Krehler [1] a material model
was developed which describes the - Design optimization considering
non-linear material behavior as a the real operating conditions (tem-
function of temperature, mechanical perature and mechanical pressure)
pressure and electric field strength.
The model considers the change of - Design of electrical actuation
the hysteresis loops at higher and
lower temperatures as well as the
interaction between electric and
mechanical field.
The investigations showed that the
simulated results fit very well with the
experimentally determined values
(Figure 1). Developing the model
great importance was attached to the
efficiency with regard to calculation
time and the easy maintenance of the
convergence. Here, the model differs
very much from other hysteresis mod-
els requiring much finer time steps.
An implementation in a finite element
program [2] of the Erlangen Universi-
ty allows one to completely simulate
piezoceramic composites in the linear
and non-linear range. The advantage
of this model is that arbitrary FE nets
of commercial programs such as
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 51
 Department
Sintering / Characterization
Department head: Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann
Products and services offered
Realization of R&D projects and individual orders
for characterization of powder metallurgical and
ceramic materials as well as for heat treatment of
materials and components:
- Determination of thermoanalytical and thermo-
physical parameters
- Investigation of sintering behavior of materials
and components
- Design, realization and optimization of heat tre-
atment processes including an up-scaling to
industrial scales
- Characterization of particles and suspensions at
micro and nano-scale
- Characterization of materials and components
with regard to microstructure, phases as well as
mechanical and tribological properties
- Failure analysis of ceramic components and
consulting services with regard to application of
ceramic materials
- Corrosion behavior of materials and compo-
nents
- Thermodynamic modeling
Thermal Analysis and Thermal Physics
Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Jaenicke-Rößler
klaus.jaenicke.roessler@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Heat Treatment
Dipl.-Ing. Gert Himpel
gert.himpel@ikts.fraunhofer.de
52 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Special technical equipment
Powder and suspension characterization
Electrokinetic and electro-acoustic measurement
equipment, particle size analysis, BET measure-
ment, mercury porosimetry
Thermal analysis / Thermal physics
Measurements in the temperature range from
-80 to 2400 °C with a highly clean, automated
laboratory gas supply system: simultaneous TA-
complexes with gas change analysis, high tempe-
rature dilatometer, differential scanning calorime-
ter, test stands for thermal conductivity
Heat treatment and sintering
Laboratory and pilot plants (T ≤ 2400 °C; different
atmospheres), vacuum and gas furnaces, gas pres-
sure sintering furnaces, hot isostatic press; hot
presses; SPS/FAST plant
Ceramography / Phase analysis
Standard methods of ceramographic sample pre-
paration and etching techniques, sample prepara-
tion by ion beam techniques, FESEM with EDX,
EBSD, AFM, XRD up to 1400 °C and reflectrometry
Mechanical testing
Measurements from room temperature to 1500 °C
Ceramography / Phase Analysis
Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann
mathias.herrmann@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Powder and Suspension Characterization
Dr. Annegret Potthoff
annegret.potthoff@ikts.fraunhofer.de
Sintering / Characterization

An extensive know-how in the field of sintering and
analysis of materials is concentrated within this
department.
Complex thermal analyses, thermodynamic and
kinetic modeling and extensive furnace technology
are combined to develop tailored materials, compo-
nents and processes.
The laboratories for Thermal Analysis/Thermal Phy-
sics as well as those for Powder and Suspension
Characterization are accredited in accordance with
DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025.
structural analysis. Furthermore, we offer a wide
range of thermoanalytical and thermophysical cha-
racterization methods as well as methods for tribo-
logical and mechanical characterization.
The Sintering and Characterization department uses
these sophisticated analytical methods in combina-
tion with detailed process and materials knowledge
to provide a fundamental interpretation of the
results.

Available methods range from particle and suspen-

sion characterization, through ceramographic sam-
ple preparation by means of conventional and ion-
beam based methods, to quantitative phase and

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 53

 Further qualification of the laboratory for thermal
analysis and thermal physics: Participation in interlabo-
ratory comparison
Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Jaenicke-Rössler
Dr. Tim Gestrich
Dr. Mathias Herrmann

Motivation Further interlaboratory comparisons

Figure 1
Accreditation certificate.
Figure 2
Interlaboratory comparison of the thermal dif-
fusivity of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
Figure 3
Interlaboratory comparison of the thermal dif-
fusivity of a CuCrZr alloy.
It is 15 years now that the laboratory
for thermal analysis and thermal
physics at Fraunhofer IKTS has the
expertise to conduct examinations
according to DIN EN 45 001 or DIN
EN ISO/IEC 17025. The accreditation
is based on three pillars:
- Quality management system
- Staff (qualification, expertise,
experience, further training)
- Technical infrastructure (laboratory
and technical equipment)
Amongst others, work is focused on
the quality of test procedures as well
as calibration and test results, from
which one can derive the measure-
ment uncertainty as most important
parameter. The measurement uncer-
tainty is based on the “Guide to the
Expression of Uncertainty in Measure-
ment - GUM“ (cp. DIN V ENV 13005).
As a rule, thermoanalytical or thermo-
physical examinations are method-
specific and material-specific single
measurements. In order to determine
the measurement uncertainty the
evaluation method B described in the
GUM is to be used which is substan-
tially based on knowledge from inter-
laboratory comparison.
Results
Within the last 10 years our laborato-
ry has participated in 16 interlabora-
tory comparisons which were orga-
nized, for example, by PTB, NIST,
GEFTA and the Thermophysics Work-
ing Group within GEFTA. The investi-
gations covered the complete range
of accredited test methods.
In the field of thermogravimetry
interlaboratory tests were conducted
on the decomposition of copper
oxalate as well as pyrolysis of polycar-
bonate and ethylene vinyl acetate
with subsequent burning of the crack
products.
were made referring to thermophysi-
cal properties (thermal expansion,
density, specific heat, thermal diffusiv-
ity and thermal conductivity). Here,
ceramics (sapphire, ZrO2 single crys-
tals, SiC), glasses (silica glass, BK7),
metals (Cu, Zn), alloys (steels, CuCrZr,
CuSn, AlTi) and plastics (polystyrene,
polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA])
were focused. Such investigations are
also important in the field of solid-liq-
uid transition of metals and alloys, as
these data are required for modeling
and simulation tasks.
Figures 2 and 3, for example, show
the results of interlaboratory tests on
the thermal diffusivity of PMMA and
CuCrZr alloys. The measurements car-
ried out at Fraunhofer IKTS fit very
well into the investigations. So, cus-
tomers can be sure to get the “right“
results.
Products and services offered
- Thermoanalytical and thermophysi-
cal investigations in an accredited
test laboratory
- Method-specific and material-spe-
cific interpretation of the results of
thermoanalytical and thermophysi-
cal investigations
- Participation in and organization of
interlaboratory comparisons

54 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report


Figure 1
New hot isostatic press.
Maximum parameters: 2000 °C, 2000 bar Ar
Usable space: V=32 l, 300 mm x 450 mm
(diameter x height).
Figure 2
Highly transparent disk made of mixed oxides
for optical applications.
New hot isostatic press for the manufacture of
ceramics for optical applications
Dipl.-Ing. Gert Himpel
Dr. Andreas Krell
Motivation With starting up the new press Fraun-
hofer IKTS is able to provide a heat
Inorganic non-metallic as well as treatment capacity that is four times
metallic and polymer materials have higher. The new press is primarily
been densified by hot isostatic press- used for manufacturing selected high
ing (HIP) in Dresden since 1989. Spe- purity ceramics for optical applica-
cific expertise exists in the hipping of tions.
ceramics after they were shaped and
thermally precompacted. Using this Products and services offered
thermal, high gas pressure process
the density, strength and wear resis- - Development of transparent oxide
tance of ceramics, in particular, can ceramics
be increased. HIP is used to manufac-
ture tools made of hard materials, - Testing of properties and suitability
nitride bearings or oxide/mixed oxide of specific raw materials
human implants. Moreover, it has a
great potential for the manufacture - Manufacture of prototypes and
of ceramics for optical applications. demonstrators
So far, oxides, mixed oxides, nitrides
and sulfides have been used showing - Transmitting of manufacturing
a high optical transparency despite technologies and adjustment to
their polycrystalline structure if the existing production processes
frequency and size of defects can be
drastically minimized by an optimized
technology, e.g. by hot isostatic press-
ing.
During the past years great progress
has been made in materials develop-
ment by means of our existing press
with a usable space of 10 l, but the
components size was limited to a
diameter of 150 mm and a length or
height of 300 mm.
Results
For the development of large-scale
components with excellent optical
light transmittance a larger hot isosta-
tic press from the company EPSI NV
was installed at the Sintering/Charac-
terization department of Fraunhofer
IKTS. The new press is equipped with
three CFC heating elements and has
a usable space of 32 l (300 mm in
diameter, 450 mm in height). It can
be operated up to temperatures of
2000 °C and pressures of 2000 bar
under argon atmosphere. For long
HIP cycles the press is equipped with
two thermal control mechanisms.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 55
 New analytical field emission scanning electron
microscope with focused-ion beam technique

Dipl.-Ing. Sören Höhn

Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin Sempf

Motivation in the field of microstructural charac-

Figure 1
Scanning electron microscope NVision 40 with
FIB technique (Carl Zeiss SMT AG).
The continuous further development
of high-performance and composite
ceramic materials requires not only
new production methods, but also
new characterization methods. The
trend to finer structures in the submi-
cron and nanometer range, in partic-
ular, increases the requirements on
the qualitative and quantitative
microstructural characterization. Both
new preparation and analysis meth-
ods are required.
terization of high-performance mate-
rials.
An energy dispersive X-ray spectrom-
eter (EDX) and an electron back scat-
ter diffraction system (EBSO) by
Oxford Instruments supplement the
technical options. Hence, the chemi-
cal and the phase composition as well
as the crystallographic orientation of
microstructural regions can be directly
determined.
Products and services offered

In cooperation with the Chair of Inor- - High-resolution scanning electron

ganic-Nonmetallic Materials of the
Technical University of Dresden an
analytical field emission scanning
electron microscope with focused-ion
beam technique was purchased in
2008 (Figure 1).
Technical options
microscopic microstructural docu-
mentation (all types of materials)
- Analysis of composition and struc-
ture
- Failure diagnostics in ceramic
materials

50 nm
The cross-beam system NVision 40 - Qualitative and quantitative
Figure 2 (Carl Zeiss SMT AG) allows one to in microstructural characterization
Dark field STEM micrograph of a nano-crys- situ observe the material removal in
talline ZrO2 microstructure. the electron beam image. So, not
only a pinpoint preparation but also
three-dimensional artefact-free failure
diagnostics can be realized. Addition-
ally, the system provides the possibili-
ty to produce electron beam transpar-
ent lamellas which can be analyzed
with TEM or directly in the device
using a STEM detector. Thus, it is pos-
sible to produce high-resolution
images of microstructures up to the
nanometer range (Figure 2).
Furthermore, the system is equipped
with newly developed detectors to
detect secondary and backscattered
electrons in optimal geometry. So,
high-resolution images with a high
material contrast can be created for
applications in the low voltage range
for non-conductive or poorly conduc-
tive materials. Through energy filter-
ing and simultaneous application of
different detectors new options open

56 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

 New methods of energy dispersive thin layer analysis
Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin Sempf
Dipl.-Ing. Sören Höhn
Motivation
H 2 = 9.77 nm
In nanotechnology it is absolutely
H 1 = 9.21 nm imperative to get information about
thin layers and their chemical compo-
Figure 1 sition in very high lateral resolution.
STEM micrograph of the Si/TiO2/ZrO2 multilayer Thin layers having a thickness of less
system. than 1 μm can be made from con-
ductive or non-conductive materials,
and are deposited on metal, ceramic
or semiconductor substrates. It is
quite difficult to characterize small
structures (5-100 nm) and thicknesses
H 1 = 247.1 nm
(1-100 nm), especially if the layers are
based on light elements. As a result,
specific analytical methods, such as
energy dispersive thin layer analysis,
Figure 2 are necessary to meet these high
STEM micrograph of a Ta layer on a Si sub-
requirements.
strate.
In cooperation with Oxford Instru-
ments thin layers and layer systems
(Figure 1) were produced and mea-
sured at Fraunhofer IKTS in order to
develop and test the Thin Film Tool,
an analytical apparatus in the
INCAEnergy EDX system.
Technical Options
The NVISION 40 (Carl Zeiss SMT AG)
is characterized by a high electron
Cooperation partners beam stability as well as a normal and
high current mode resulting in EDX
measurements with high intensities
and measurement stability. This
microscope in combination with the
INCAEnergy EDX system and an EDX
Si(Li) detector, which has a active
detection area of 30 mm² and a reso-
lution of 128 eV, allows element
analyses with high sensitivity. These
outstanding technical conditions are
Layer systems Thin film [nm] STEM thickness [nm]
layer 1 layer 2 layer 1 layer 2
Si/TiO2/ZrO2 9.9 ± 0.5 9.4 ± 0.6 9.2 9.8
Si/Ta 245.0 247.0
Table 1
Results of thickness measurement.
the basis to apply the Thin Film Tool
in order to determine the layer thick-
ness and to quantitatively analyze
thin layers and layer systems. The
energy dispersive thin layer analysis
has significant advantages over other
methods as it is a non-destructive,
fast measuring method that allows
one to quantitatively determine layer
thickness and element composition
on structured surfaces. Using the
analysis tool it is possible to measure
layer thicknesses between 1 nm to
2000 nm according to the layer prop-
erties. A quantitative element analysis
on thin layers also can be made.
The measurements in the layer system
TiO2/ZrO2 on Si wafers as well as on
metallic single layers (Ta on Si wafer)
show that measurements with EDX
result in a precise determination of
thin layers. Reference analyses on
STEM lamellas verify the measure-
ment results, and thus emphasize the
suitability and capability of energy
dispersive thin layer analysis.
Products and services offered
- Thin layer analysis on single and
multiple layers (maximum 7 layers)
- Quantitative element analysis of
single and multiple layers
- Qualitative and quantitative phase
analysis of thin layers with XRD
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 57
 Stabilization of suspensions by means of organic
additives

Dr. Annegret Potthoff

Dipl.-Chem. Anja Meyer

ESA signal Viscosity Motivation Apart from the addition of polymer

surface charge suspension structure
The preparation of a stable suspen-
sion is the preliminary stage in most
of the ceramic shaping processes. The
components quality strongly depends
on the properties of the suspension.
In order to adjust them to the
requested specifications in processing,
Analysis of pH value /
adsorption conductivity
i.e. to prepare a preferably highly
concentrated slip with low viscosity, it
Figure 1 is necessary to know the interactions
Complex suspension characterization.
between raw material, liquid and
additives within the slip. Possible
changes of these interactions occur-
ring during further processing have to
be detected and analyzed.
Results
dispersants resulting in an
(electro)steric stabilization it is also
possible to realize an absolutely elec-
trostatic stabilizing effect by adjusting
the pH value of the slip. Examinations
of the aqueous boehmite suspension
as a function of the pH value show a
high surface charge and low viscosity
especially in the acid pH range. Thus,
grinding is also possible by adding
organic acids.
The described measurements show
that there are two possible ways to
grind the analyzed boehmite powder
in a laboratory ball mill. Based on
these laboratory examinations milling
tests will follow (see p. 23).

At the example of the material system Products and services offered

boehmite it was investigated how the
powder can be electrostatically or - Complex characterization of pow-
2.0
ESA [mPa*m/V]

electrosterically stabilized in an aque- ders and suspensions in aqueous

1.0
ous suspension for subsequent grind- and organic media
0.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 ing in a laboratory ball mill. In addi-
-1.0
tion to electroacoustic measurements - Analysis of structure and flow
-2.0

-3.0
of the surface charge (analysis of ESA behavior of low-viscosity and
-4.0
signal) viscosity measurements and paste-like slips
wt.-% Dispersant
adsorption analyses are of great
PAA 1 PAA 2 Disp. 1 Disp. 2
importance to characterize the slip - Evaluation of the influence of sin-
Figure 2 properties (Figure 1). gle proteins and the serum on the
Influence of different commercially available
dispersants on the surface charge of boehmite
stability of suspensions, e.g. in the
in 10 wt.-% suspension. Analyses of the influence of commer- run up to nano-toxicological analy-
cially available dispersants of different ses
chemical composition on the surface
charge of the boehmite particles
show very different effects. In Figure
2 is clearly shown that dispersants
based on polyacrylates are particularly
suited to stabilize the boehmite pow-
der. Even the adsorption of small
amounts of the negatively charged
polymer on the particle surface causes
high negative ESA signals. The slip
has a low viscosity and a good flowa-
bility that means optimal conditions
Acknowledgments to grind the powder in a laboratory
The BMBF as well as the project initiators are
ball mill.
gratefully acknowledged for funding the
“NanOnLine“ project (funding number
02PU2370).

58 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

Retrospective, events, exhibitions

Participation in trade shows

Cooperation in groups, alliances and networks

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 59

 Retrospective, events, exhibitions
January 17-18, 2008 Colloquium and exhibition
Colloquium and exhibition
“Ceramics Vision 2008+“
“Ceramics Vision 2008+“
February 19, 2008 Prof. Alexander Michaelis, head of
Opening of the new test center for fuel Fraunhofer IKTS, and Prof. Christos
cells
Aneziris from the Department of
March 13, 2008 Ceramics at TU Bergakademie Frei-
Expert workshop “Nanofair“ berg organized the 6th colloquium of
the successful symposium series
April 22, 2008
Foundation of the “Expert Group on Cera- “Vision Ceramics 2000+“ taking place
mic Injection Molding“ on January 17 and 18, 2008 at Fraun-
hofer IKTS in Dresden. The collo-
July 4, 2008
Long Night of Sciences quium focused on “Ceramic techno-
logies and products for energy and
September 19, 2008 environmental technology“ and was
Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008
held in honor of Prof. Waldemar Her-
September 24, 2008 mel on the occasion of his 70th birth-
Media tour day. Prof. Waldemar Hermel led the
“Saxony and the car of the future“ Fraunhofer IKTS through its founda-
November 28, 2008 tion phase, and eventually became
Media tour the first director of the institute
“SolarValley Saxony“ (1992-2004).
Ceramics Vision 2008+
Colloquium and exhibition.
Aside from current research results in
the field of fuel cells, photovoltaics,
membrane technology, microsystems
technology as well as nanotoxicology,
visions for future research were dis-
cussed.
During the evening reception on
January 17 the 160 participants,
amongst them many former collea-
gues and friends of Professor Walde-
mar Hermel, met in the pleasant
atmosphere of the pilot plants of
Fraunhofer IKTS which also served as
attractive exhibition area for compa-
nies and research institutions.
60 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Opening of the new test center
for fuel cells
On February 19, 2008 the new test
center for fuel cells was opened with
many guests from industry, science
and politics at Fraunhofer IKTS.
The new test center became necessary
as the SOFC fuel cell technology was
developed up to an impressive level of
functionality at Fraunhofer IKTS. Thus,
very time-consuming and costly tests
New test center for fuel cells at Fraunhofer
IKTS.
under real conditions are required
which will be carried out for several
10,000 hours. The fuel cells can be
operated with real gases as well as
special gases that may contain conta-
minants, and be subject to many tem-
perature cycles. These measurements
can be made for SOFC stacks as well
as for complete fuel cell systems using
the complete range of fuels such as
natural gas, biogas or liquid biofuels.
Planning the test center great impor-
tance was attached to a greatest pos-
sible redundancy and reliability of
media supply and IT infrastructure.
The test center can provide the level
of IP protection and confidentiality
that is required by industrial partners
and customers. Due to the availability
of this comprehensive measurement
technology the industry-oriented
development at Fraunhofer IKTS was
pushed forward. Furthermore, the test
center helps to strengthen the econo-
mic region of Dresden as one of the
leading regions for ceramic fuel cells
in Europe.
The test center is also available for
partners and customers from industry
and science.
Expert workshop “Nanofair“
Under the slogan “New Ideas for
Industry“ experts from research and
industry met at “Nanofair 2008" in
March in Dresden. The “Nanofair“ is
Europe’s most important trade show
and conference in the field of nano-
technology. For the first time the par-
ticipants had the possibility to attend
a one-day expert workshop following
the “Nanofair“ which was organized
by the three Dresden Fraunhofer Insti-
tutes IPMS, IWS and IKTS.
50 international participants informed
in three parallel sessions on innova-
tive technologies, products and
potentials in the field of energy-
saving organic thin film systems,
coating and plasma methods for pho-
tovoltaics, fuel cell technologies as
well as sintering and characterization
methods.
The good attendance emphasized
that Dresden is one of Europe’s most
important and dynamic nanotech
Participants of the expert workshop “Sintering
and characterization of nanomaterials“ within
the framework of “Nanofair“.
locations being driven by the area’s
unparalleled density of renowned
research institutions together with
leading companies. On account of
the extremely positive response
Fraunhofer will organize the work-
shop again in 2009.
Junior Doctor 2008
Having a doctorate before leaving
school? The event “Junior Doctor“
was initiated within the framework of
“Dresden – City of Science 2006"
and has become very popular.
400 students of all grades are invited
to visit different institutions working
in the field of science, medicine, eco-
nomy and art, and demonstrate their
newly acquired knowledge.
In March 2008 Fraunhofer IKTS invi-
ted 30 students to visit Ceramics
Meeting Point and to get to know
interesting facts about advanced
ceramics.
Due to the very positive response
Fraunhofer IKTS will once again parti-
cipate in the activities this year.
Foundation of the “Expert Group
on Ceramic Injection Molding“
On April 22, 2008 the Expert Group
on Ceramic Injection Molding was
founded in Hannover. It is a technical
working group supported by the Ger-
man Ceramic Society (DKG) and con-
sists of industrial companies and
research institutes which apply cera-
mic injection molding and cover the
in-house process chain injection mol-
ding, binder removal and sintering.
Fraunhofer IKTS is one of the foun-
der members.
Members of the newly founded Expert Group
on Ceramic Injection Molding.
Ceramic injection molding (CIM) pro-
vides various possibilities for desig-
ning sustainable products and system
solutions. It combines the almost
unlimited possibilities of plastic mol-
ding with the excellent properties of
ceramic materials. The expert group
has the objective to further develop
this innovative process chain. Its
members and the DKG contribute to
create a common brand of ceramic
injection molding in Germany and
Europe, and to develop a strong posi-
tion in global competition with
regard to materials, technologies and
markets.
Long Night of Sciences
On July 4, 2008 the Fraunhofer Insti-
tute Center Dresden opened its doors
for the fifth time for science fans of
all ages to explore, experience, and
feel technology.
Advanced ceramics are fascinating
high-tech materials with numerous
applications in industry, household,
medicine, environment or sports. The
visitors cooked on energy-saving
ceramic cooktops, tested ceramic
knives and produced precious mag-
net caps by injection molding.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 61
Furthermore, the visitors had the
opportunity to play boules with cera-
mic balls or to play golf with ceramic
clubs. Those who lost their breath
could test their lung function by
means of a ceramic pressure sensor.
Visitors got also information and
interesting facts about waste water
treatment plants and microorganisms
which clean our waste water and
could be observed under the micros-
cope.
The institute center was also visited
by many young people. They could
make their own flowers out of cera-
The young visitors, in particular, were fascina-
ted by the offered experiments during the Long
Night of Sciences.
All booths of Fraunhofer IKTS were crowded
during the Long Night of Sciences.
62 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
More than 4000 people visited the Fraunhofer
Institute Center Dresden during the Long Night
of Sciences.
mic foams or gold-plate their 5-cent
pieces using an old alchemist trick.
Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008
In September 2008, Dr. Viktar
Sauchuk and Dr. Klaus Eichler from
Fraunhofer IKTS were awarded the
“Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008"
for the development of a new gas
chromatographic detector based on
thermal-catalytic surface ionization
which was realized in collaboration
with the companies meta Messtech-
nische Systeme GmbH Dresden and
Jüke Systemtechnik GmbH Altenber-
ge.
The newly developed detector is used
in analytical chemistry to selectively
detect hazardous substances such as
halogenated hydrocarbons in trace
concentrations. An advanced ceramic
component with an integrated hea-
ter which acts as catalytically active
medium is the core of the detector.
Through this technological concept it
was possible to realize a detector
which is a radioactive-free alternative
for conventional electron capture
detectors.
The new ceramic detector is charac-
terized by its extremely high sensitivi-
ty and selectivity. The present detecti-
on limit for chlorinated hydrocarbons
Fraunhofer researchers are awarded the Prof.-
Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008 for the develop-
ment of a new gas chromatographic detector.
is <10-9 mg at an operating tempera-
ture of 700 ºC. The high reproducibi-
lity of data and the long-term stabili-
ty as well as the cost-efficient manu-
facturing and simple handling are
further advantages of the prize-win-
ning detector. Moreover, this gas
chromatographic detector is compati-
ble with different types of gas chro-
matographic devices by means of
which more flexible analytic tests can
be performed.
Visit of Thomas Jurk, Saxon State Minister of
Economy and Labor, on the occasion of the
media tour “Saxony and the car of the future“.
Media tour “Saxony and the car
of the future“
Saxony’s automobile industry has
long been established and particular-
ly sets standards in the field of alter-
native drive technology and light-
weight construction. All the more
reason to invite the trade press to get
to know the competencies of the
Saxon suppliers as well as research
institutes. About 25 journalists
accepted the invitation and took part
in the media tour organized by the
Saxon State Ministry of Economy and
Labor in collaboration with the Saxo-
ny Automotive Supplier Network
(AMZ).
During the product presentation the Fraunho-
fer staff answered the numerous questions of
the journalists.
In the newly opened fuel cell test
center at Fraunhofer IKTS the Dres-
den institute and the Fuel Cell Initiati-
ve Saxony presented their develop-
ments. The participants informed
about the latest developments in the
field of fuel cells, piezo-injectors for
clean and efficient diesel and petrol
engines as well as innovative diesel
particulate filters for off-road and
heavy-duty applications. The journa-
lists’ reaction was very positive which
was reflected by many articles in the
regional and national press.
At IKTS the journalists informed on the latest
development concepts for solar cells.
Media tour “SolarValley Saxony“
In November 2008, Fraunhofer IKTS
participated in a media tour focusing
the topic “SolarValley Saxony“ which
was organized by the Saxon State
Ministry of Economy and Labor.
About 25 journalists from Germany
Test stand to create a photoactive layer on a
glass substrate in a glove box.
and abroad got to know the Saxon
solar companies. Furthermore, they
were informed at the end of their
tour how research contributes to
make the production of solar cells
more effective, cost-efficient, and
environmentally friendly.
This media tour was also very suc-
cessful and was positively reflected in
the media.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 63

Hannover-Messe 2008
Joint stand of TASK GmbH/Fraunhofer High-
Performance Ceramics Alliance.
64 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Participation in trade shows
Nanotech
Tokyo, February 13-15, 2008
Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Joint stand of Saxony Economic Deve-
lopment Corporation
Z – Die Zulieferermesse
Leipzig, February 26-29, 2008
Joint stand of Materials Research Net-
work Dresden
Hannover-Messe
Hanover, April 21-25, 2008
- Joint stand of TASK GmbH / Fraun-
hofer High-Performance Ceramics
Alliance
- Joint stand of Fraunhofer Adaptro-
nics Alliance
- Joint stand of Fraunhofer Energy
Alliance
- Joint stand of Saxony “Research
for the future“
IFAT 2008
Munich, May 5-9, 2008
Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Sensor + Test
Nuremberg, May 6-8, 2008
Joint stand of Saxony “Research for
the future“
Actuator 2008
Bremen, May 9-11, 2008
Joint stand of Fraunhofer Adaptronics
Alliance
IFAT 2008
Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.
SMT/HYBRID/PACKAGING 2008
Nuremberg, June 3-5, 2008
Joint stand of VDI/VDE
POWTECH 2008
Nuremberg,
September 30 - October 2, 2008
Joint stand of “Competence Center
Powder Technology"/ PA Partikel-
Analytik-Messgeräte GmbH
Biotechnica
Hanover, October 7-9, 2008
Joint stand of Saxony “Research for
the future“
IMAPS 2008
Rhode Island, USA, November 2-6, 2008
Electronica
Munich, November 13-16, 2008
Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Euromold
Frankfurt a.M., December 3-6, 2008
Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
POWTECH 2008
Joint stand of the “Competence Center
Powder Technology“.

Scientists at IKTS Dresden are active in
numerous thematically oriented
groups, networks and associations.
Our customers benefit from this by
having a coordinated range of joint
services available to them.
Membership in Fraunhofer
groups, alliances, networks and
demonstration centers
Cooperation in groups, alliances and networks
Fraunhofer Group for Materials and
Components
Ceramics Meeting Point in Dresden
Fraunhofer High-Performance Ceramics
Alliance
Fraunhofer Demonstration Center
“AdvanCer“
Fraunhofer Adaptronics Alliance
Fraunhofer Energy Alliance
Fraunhofer Nanotechnology Alliance
Fraunhofer Numerical Simulation of
Products, Processes Alliance
Fraunhofer Rapid Prototyping Alliance
Fraunhofer Water Systems Alliance
(SysWasser)
Fraunhofer Sensor Network
Association of Electrochemical Research
Institutes e.V. (AGEF)
Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony e.V.
DECHEMA - Society for Chemical Enginee-
ring and Biotechnology e.V.
German Ceramic Society e.V. (DKG)
German Society for Materials Research e.V.
(DGM)
European Research Association for Sheet
Metal Working e.V. (EFB)
European Powder Metallurgy
Association (EPMA)
Expert Group on Ceramic Injection Molding
(Working Group in the German Ceramic
Society e.V. )
Research Association on Welding and
Allied Processes of the German Welding
Society (DVS)
Research Association for Diesel Emission
Control Technologies e.V. (FAD)
Society for Knowledge and Technology
Transfer of TU Dresden mbH
Association of Thermal Spraying e.V. (GTS)
“TransNanoPowder“ Information and
Consulting Center
Materials Research Network Dresden e.V.
(MFD)
Meeting of Refractory Experts Freiberg e.V.
(MORE)
NanoMat - Supraregional Network for
Materials Used in Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology Center of Excellence for
“Ultrathin Functional Layers“
BioMeT Dresden Network
Silicon Saxony
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 65
Fraunhofer Group for Materials
and Components
The Fraunhofer Group for Materials
and Components brings together the
expertise of the Fraunhofer Institutes
that specialize in materials science
and related disciplines. The Fraunho-
fer Institute for Industrial Mathema-
tics ITWM is a permanent associated
member.
national economy such as energy,
health, mobility, information and
communication technology, building
construction and the home environ-
ment, with the aim of producing
system innovations by developing
materials and components tailored to
specific applications.
Among the medium-term goals of
the group are to

Materials research at the Fraunhofer-
Gesellschaft covers the entire value
chain, from the development of new
materials and enhancement of exi-
sting materials, through manufactu-
ring technology on a semi-industrial
scale and the characterization of
material properties, through to stu-
dies of their behavior when employed
in components and systems. This
research also extends to the compo-
nents produced from such materials
and their behavior when employed in
systems. In all these areas, empirical
tests in laboratories and pilot plants
are routinely backed up by numerical
simulation and modeling techniques.
The work of the Fraunhofer Group
for Materials and Components covers
the full range of metallic and inorga-
nic non-metallic materials, polymers
and materials created from renewable
resources.
The group invests its expertise prima-
rily in areas of importance to the
- Increase safety and comfort and
cut down the consumption of
resources in the areas of traffic
engineering, mechanical enginee-
ring and plant construction
- Enhance the efficiency of energy
transformation and energy storage
systems
- Improve the biocompatibility and
functions of materials employed in
medical devices and biotechnology
processes
- Raise the packing density and
improve the performance characte-
ristics of components used in
microelectronics and microsystems
engineering
- Improve the resource use as well as
the quality of the products made
of those resources
The group comprises the Fraunhofer
Institutes for
- Applied Polymer Research IAP
- Building Physics IBP
- Ceramic Technologies and Systems
IKTS
- Chemical Technology ICT
- High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-
Institut, EMI
- Industrial Mathematics ITWM
(associated member)
- Manufacturing Engineering and
Applied Materials Research IFAM
- Mechanics of Materials IWM
- Non-Destructive Testing IZFP
- Silicate Research ISC
- Solar Energy Systems ISE
- Structural Durability and System
Reliability LBF
- Systems and Innovation Research
ISI
- Wood Research, Wilhelm-Klauditz-
Institut, WKI
Chairman of the group
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Hanselka
Fraunhofer LBF
Phone +49 6151 705-221
Deputy chairman
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Elsner
Fraunhofer ICT
Phone +49 721 4640-401
Central office
Dr. phil. nat. Ursula Eul
Fraunhofer LBF
Bartningstrasse 47
64289 Darmstadt
Phone +49 6151 705-262
ursula.eul@lbf.fraunhofer.de
www.werkstoffe-bauteile.de

66 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

Ceramics Meeting Point
in Dresden
Due to the cooperation of Fraunhofer
IKTS, TASK GmbH and its various
members, the Ceramics Meeting
Point could be further established as
an inherent part of the technology
transfer landscape in Dresden. The
number of members has increased to
27, and thus reached a new record.
Meanwhile, almost all partners are
involved in cooperation projects or
contract research at Fraunhofer IKTS.
TASK GmbH supports the Fraunhofer
Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“ in
conducting its workshops and trai-
ning courses by providing the requi-
red practice-relevant and market
information. Close collaboration bet-
ween the researchers of the Fraunho-
fer Demonstration Center “Advan-
Cer“ and the ceramic manufacturers
has enabled users to quickly realize
their ideas. Thus, a project forum for
small and medium sized companies
has developed facilitating contacts to
project initiators and research institu-
tes.
Ceramics Meeting Point benefits from
the comprehensive presentation of
industry and research innovations.
Within the framework of the perma-
nent exhibition in Dresden one can
find complex-shaped injection-mol-
ded components, new fiber composi-
te structures as well as extremely heat
conducting aluminum nitrides for
high-performance electronic applicati-
ons.
By visiting Ceramics Meeting Point
within the framework of numerous
events taking place at Fraunhofer
IKTS more than 2000 visitors could
inform about ceramic product innova-
tions and manufacturers in 2008. This
interest correlates with the profit
situation of the ceramic industry
which is still good in 2008.
Due to the cooperation in the techni-
cal advisory board of Hannover Messe
and Ceramitec the importance of
Ceramics Meeting Point is strengthe-
ned once more. Up to 40 partners
participate in external presentations
at industry trade shows. Ceramics
Meeting Point is increasingly used by
suppliers and plant engineers to get
in contact with ceramic manufactu-
rers. Thus, Fraunhofer IKTS gets an
insight into latest instrument enginee-
ring and development trends in the
field of advanced ceramics. Work also
concentrates on the new topic “Cera-
mic components for ceramic indus-
try“ which is to be strengthened at
Ceramitec 2009.
In collaboration with “AdvanCer“
many international contacts for tech-
nology transfer were established
which are to be further intensified
within the framework of presenta-
tions with research institutions and
technology centers.
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 67

“AdvanCer“
“CerCut“ is one of six projects within the Fraun-
hofer Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“ that
have already been completed. The prototype
tool will now be qualified further with industrial
partners.
68 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
The Fraunhofer High-Performance
Ceramics Alliance
Systems development with
high-performance ceramics
High-performance ceramics are being
used to make components for both
previously existing and new systems
and equipment.
Current examples from the fields of
energy technology, mechanical and
plant engineering and medical tech-
nology, including combustion-cham-
ber linings, roller bearings and
implants, bear witness to the great
potential of these materials. This
innovative area has become an estab-
lished field of expertise of the Fraun-
hofer-Gesellschaft and is currently
being extended so that new markets
can be reached. Keys to achieving this
are a systematic approach and inter-
disciplinary thinking, which represent
both a great challenge and a huge
opportunity.
Seven Fraunhofer Institutes have
joined together to form the Fraun-
hofer High-Performance Ceramics
Alliance. The research activities of the
alliance extend along the entire value-
added chain − from modeling and
simulation through application-ori-
ented materials development and
production and machining of ceramic
parts to component characterization,
evaluation and nondestructive testing
under application conditions.
Current R&D activities focus on join-
ing and integration methods.
In the Fraunhofer Demonstration
Center “Advancer“ the alliance’s
institutes expanded their presenta-
tion, training and consulting offerings
in the field of high-performance
ceramics. Using demonstration sys-
tems the added-value chain from
powder to component as well as the
implementation of knowledge,
research and development in the
form of products and improved quali-
ty of life are shown. The Fraunhofer
Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“
supports small and medium-sized
companies in solving complex tasks
ranging from prototype development
to technology transfer.
For five years now, the Fraunhofer
Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“
has been offering training courses for
technicians and engineers. The three
parts being offered follow one after
another, but can also be held as sin-
gle courses. The topics are:
- Introduction into ceramics: manu-
facturing technologies, properties,
applications“
- Machining of ceramics
- System integration, quality assu-
rance, materials testing
Additionally, “AdvanCer“ provides
training courses and workshops on
specific topics like e.g. powder injec-
tion molding or X-ray computed
tomography.
Through the “AdvanCer“ newsletter,
the Fraunhofer Demonstration Center
regularly informs about new develop-
ments related to the topic of high-
performance ceramics.
Fields of cooperation
- Materials development:
structural ceramics, functional
ceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramics,
cermets, ceramic composites,
adaptive composite materials
- Component design and develop-
ment of functional prototypes
- Systems integration and verification
of batch-production capabilities
- Development of powder, fiber and
coating technologies
- Shaping, thermal treatment, green
machining and finishing
- Rapid prototyping and rapid
tooling
- Materials, component and process
simulation
- Materials and component testing,
proof-testing and nondestructive
testing
- Defect analysis, failure analysis,
quality management
Microreaction platform with ceramic compo-
nents, developed in the Fraunhofer project
“FAMOS“.
Service offerings
- Consulting and execution of
feasibility studies
- Method and technology develop-
ment
- Prototype development, technolo-
gy transfer
- Completion of contract research,
conceptualization and execution of
alliance projects
- Workshops, seminars, training
programs
Institutes
“CerMo“ is one of six projects within the Fraun-
Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic hofer Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“ that
Technologies and Systems, have already been completed. Precision glass mol-
ding with ceramic dies has considerable advanta-
IKTS Dresden ges for series production of highly precise and
www.ikts.fraunhofer.de complex glass lenses.
Fraunhofer Institute for Production
Systems and Design Technology, Steering committee
IPK Berlin
www.ipk.fraunhofer.de Prof. Dr. Alexander Michaelis
Fraunhofer IKTS Dresden
Fraunhofer Institute for Production Spokesperson of the alliance
Technology, IPT Aachen
www.ipt.fraunhofer.de Prof. Dr. Peter Gumbsch
Fraunhofer IWM Freiburg
Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research, ISC Würzburg Prof. Dr. Fritz Klocke
www.isc.fraunhofer.de Fraunhofer IPT Aachen
Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Office leader
Materials, IWM Freiburg
www.iwm.fraunhofer.de Dr. Reinhard Lenk
Fraunhofer IKTS
Fraunhofer Institute for Non-Destruc- Winterbergstrasse 28
tive Testing, IZFP Saarbrücken 01277 Dresden
www.izfp.fraunhofer.de
Phone +49 351 2553-539
Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Fax +49 351 2554-195
Durability and System Reliability, reinhard.lenk@ikts.fraunhofer.de
LBF Darmstadt
www.lbf.fraunhofer.de www.hochleistungskeramik.fraunhofer.de
www.advanced-ceramics.fraunhofer.com
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 69
Names, dates, events

70 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

Granted patents
Patent applications
Books and periodical contributions
Presentations and posters
Teaching activities of IKTS employees
Participation on bodies /
Technical committees
Technical committees at symposia and
meetings
Dissertations, diploma theses
Granted patents 2008
Berger, L.-M.; Thiele, S.; Nebelung, M.
Coating powder of Cr or V doped titanium
suboxides
US 7445763
Fritsch, M.; Klemm, H.
Verfahren zum Schutz vor Heißgaskorrosi-
on von keramischen Oberflächen oder
eines Körpers, Hochtemperaturbeständige
Körper und deren Verwendung
DE 10 2006 030 235
Ihle, J.; Adler, J.
Hochfeste Flächengebilde für endballisti-
schen Schutz und Verschleißschutz und
Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
EP 1 606 572
Klimke, J.
Formkörper, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
und Verwendung
DE 103 59 135
Martin, H.-P.; Adler, J.
Strukturierte Siliciumcarbidpartikel, Ver-
fahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwen-
dung
DE 101 43 685
Moritz, T.; Petasch, U.
Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer
Formkörper mit sprunghaften Strukturgra-
dienten
DE 103 13 847
Partsch, U.
Keramische Drucksensoren und Verfahren
zu ihrer Herstellung
DE 10 2006 018 049
Partsch, U.; Neupert, H.
Sensor zur Ermittlung der elektrischen Leit-
fähigkeit flüssiger Medien und ein Verfah-
ren zu seiner Herstellung
DE 10 2006 025 098
Siegel, S.; Boden, G.; Petasch, U.; Thole, V.;
Weiß, R.; Scheibel, T.; Henrich, M.; Ebert, M.;
Kühn, M.; Lauer, A.; Nauditt, G.
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kohlen-
stoff- bzw. Keramikbauteils
EP 1 453 773
Patent applications 2008
Adler, J.; Beckert, W.
Plattenförmiger keramischer Wärmestrahl-
körper eines Infrarot-Flächenstrahlers
DE 10 2008 000 010
Böttge, D.; Adler, J.; Standke, G.
Zellulärer Werkstoff für Hochtemperatur-
anwendungen und Verfahren zu seiner
Herstellung
DE 10 2008 061 644
Standke, G.; Adler, J.; Böttge, D.
Offenzellige Keramik- und/oder Metall-
schäume mit rauer umhüllender Oberflä-
che und Verfahren zu Ihrer Herstellung
DE 10 2008 054 596
Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.
Elektrischer Generator
DE 10 2008 006 691
Endler, I.; Höhn, M.
Hartstoffbeschichtete Körper und Verfah-
ren zu deren Herstellung
PCT/EP2008/063583
Faßauer, B.; Eichstätter, R.; Maas, R.;
Friedrich, H.
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behand-
lung biogener Stoffe zur Erzeugung von
Biogas
DE 10 2008 042 461
Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.; Faßauer, B.; Jobst, K.;
Michaelis, A.
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesse-
rung der Desintegration von thixotropen
Suspensionen mittels Ultraschall
PCT/EP/2008/063073
Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.; Jobst, K.; Schwarz,
B.; Michaelis, A.
Filtermedium und Verfahren zur feststoff-
freien Prozesswassergewinnung aus Gär-
resten
DE 10 2008 054 584
Herrmann, M.; Martin, H.-P.
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen
mit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung,
ein so hergestelltes Bauteil sowie dessen
Verwendung
PCT/DE/2008/002121
Krell, A.; Klimke, J.; Clauß, W.
Herstellen eines hochbrechenden, transmit-
terenden optischen Elements für die
Mikrolithografie
DE 10 2008 034 191
Kusnezoff, M.; Beckert, W.; Milcheva, I.; Stelter,
M.; Waeschke, U.
Method and system of operating a high
temperature fuel cell
JP 2008-550635
Kusnezoff, M.; Sauchuk, V.; Trofimenko, N.
Werkstoff für Schutzschichten auf hoch-
temperaturbelastbaren, chromoxidbilden-
den Substraten, ein Verfahren zu seiner
Herstellung sowie Verwendung
PCT/DE2008/000685
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 71
Kusnezoff, M.; Schilm, J.
Zusammensetzung mit pastöser Konsistenz
für die Ausbildung elektrischer Kontakte
auf einem Silicium-Solarwafer und damit
hergestellter Kontakt
DE 10 2008 032 784
Kusnezoff, M.; Ziesche, S.; Paepke, A.
Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Diffusions-
und/oder Austauschkoeffizienten eines
Werkstoffes
PCT/DE2008/001283
Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.; Tontrup, C.
Keramischer Sinterkörper mit einstellbarer
Schwindung
DE 10 2008 013471
Martin, H.-P.; Richter, H.-J.; Dahms, S.
Diffusionsgefügtes keramisches Bauteil
und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
PCT/EP2008/0588878
Moritz, T.
Leichtgewichtiger Grün- und Formkörper
aus einem keramischen und/oder pulver-
metallurgischen Material und Verfahren zu
seiner Herstellung
DE 10 2008 000 100
Partsch, U.; Kretzschmar, C.; Günther, H.;
Sommer, S.
Elektrische Verbindung
DE 10 2008 015 376
Partsch, U.; Kretzschmar, C.; Günther, H.;
Sommer, S.
Anschlussstift und elektrischer Anschluss
DE 10 2008 015 378
Scheithauer, U.; Schönecker, A.; Seffner, L.;
Gebhardt, S.; Michaelis, A.
Verfahren zur reproduzierbaren Herstel-
lung keramischer Formkörper
DE 10 2008 056 721
Schönecker, A.; Gebhardt, S.; Partsch, U.
Aktorisch wirksames und/oder sensitives
Element, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
sowie seiner Verwendung
PCT/DE2008/001698
Schönecker, A.; Schenk, H.-D.
Magnetspule zur Generierung magneti-
scher Wechselfelder mit geringem Blindwi-
derstand in Planardesign, herstellbar durch
Anwendung von Verfahren der Schicht-
technologie sowie als Magnetfeldquelle,
Strom- und Spannungswandler, Überträger
oder Transformator
DE 10 2008 017 762
Schroth, S.; Michaelis, A.; Schneider, M.
Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer dielektri-
schen Dünnschicht auf einem Titansubstrat,
72 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
mit dem Verfahren hergestelltes Titansub-
strat sowie seine Verwendung
PCT/DE2008/000944
Schwarz, B.; Faßauer, B.; Friedrich, E.; Friedrich,
H.; Michaelis, A.
Verfahren zur Vergärung silierter nach-
wachsender Rohstoffe
PCT/EP2008/053425
Schwarz, B.; Faßauer, B.; Friedrich, E.; Friedrich,
H.; Michaelis, A.
Verfahren zur Konversion von Biomasse zu
Biogas in anaeroben Fermentern
PCT/EP2008/059677
Siegel, S.; Weiß, R.; Lauer, A.; Nauditt, G.
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Keramik-
bauteiles
DE 10 2008 037 591
Trofimenko, N.; Mosch, S.; Sauchuk, V.; Lucke,
K.; Kusnezoff, M.
Funktionsschicht für Hochtemperatur-
brennstoffzellen und Verfahren zur Her-
stellung
PCT/DE2008/001860
Books and periodical contributions
Andrews, A.; Herrmann, M.; Shabalala, T.C.;
Sigalas, I.
Liquid phase assisted hot pressing of boron
suboxide-materials
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
28(2008), Nr.8, 1613-1621
Baumann, A.; Brieseck, M.; Höhn, S.; Moritz, T.;
Lenk, R.
Developments in multi-component powder
injection moulding of steel-ceramic com-
pounds using green tapes for inmould
label process
PIM International 2(2008), Nr.1, S.55-58
Berger, L.-M.; Saaro, S.; Naumann, T.; Wiener, M.;
Weihnacht, V.; Thiele, S.; Suchanek, J.
Microstructure and properties of HVOF-
sprayed chromium alloyed WC-Co and WC-
Ni coatings
Surface and coatings technology 202(2008),
Nr.18, S.4417-4421
Fritsch, M.
Heißgaskorrosion keramischer Werkstoffe
Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2008
(Kompetenzen in Keramik. Schriftenreihe 2).
Zugl.: Dresden, Univ., Diss., 2007
ISBN 978-3-8167-7588-1
Fritsch, M.; Klemm, H.
The water vapor hot gas corrosion of MGC
materials with Al2O3 as a phase constituent
in a combustion atmosphere
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
28(2008), Nr.12, S.2353-2358
Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.
Schwarze Zahlen bei der Biogasgewinnung
Biogas Journal 11(2008)
Heddrich, M.-P.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.;
Näke, R.; Stelter, M.:
Entwicklung, Aufbau und Betrieb eines
Brennstoffzellensystems für Biogas
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 80(2008), Nr.9, S.1370
Herrmann, M.; Schulz, I.; Bales, A.;
Sempf, K.; Hoehn, S.
»Snow flake« structures in silicon nitride
ceramics - Reasons for large scale optical
inhomogeneities
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
28(2008), Nr.5, S.1049-1056
Höhn, S.; Obenaus, P.; Hohlfeld, J.; Lies, C.
Ionenstrahlpräparation – ein treffliches
Werkzeug zur Charakterisierung der Zwi-
schenprodukte des schmelzpulvermetallur-
gischen Aluminiumschäumverfahrens
Praktische Metallographie 45(2008), Nr.3,
S.122-135
Kleebe, H.J.; Lauterbach, S.; Shabalala, T.C.;
Herrmann, M.; Sigalas, I.
B6O: A correlation between mechanical
properties and microstructure evolution
upon Al2O3 addition during hot pressing
Journal of the American Ceramic Society
91(2008), Nr.2, S.569-575
Kockrick, E.; Krawiec, P.; Petasch, U.;
Martin, H.-P.; Herrmann, M.; Kaskel, S.
Porous CeOX/SiC nanocomposites prepared
from reverse polycarbosilane-based micro-
emulsions
Chemistry of Materials 20(2008), Nr.1, S.77-83
Lenk, R.; Schwarz, K.; Freund, S.
AdvanCer Newsletter. Ausgabe 2008/1-3
Dresden: Fraunhofer IKTS, 2008
Maas, R.; Schumann, R.; Friedrich, E.;
Friedrich, H.
Prozessabwässer aus Biogasanlagen
Dynamische Cross-Flow-Filtration von Pro-
zessabwasser aus Gärresten von landwirt-
schaftlichen Biogasanlagen
wwt wasserwirtschaft wassertechnik (2008),
Nr. 11/12, S.24-27
Marschallek, F.; Adler, J.; Belitz, R.; Böttge, D.;
Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.
Mehrstofffähige Brenner für den Einsatz in
Brennstoffzellensystemen
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 80(2008), Nr.9,
S.1266
Martin, H.-P.; Standke, G.; Adler, J.
A new oxidation protection strategy for
silicon carbide foams
Advanced engineering materials 10(2008),
Nr.3, S.227-234
Matizamhuka, W.R.; Sigalas, I.; Herrmann, M.
Synthesis, sintering and characterisation of
TaON materials
Ceramics international: CI 34(2008), Nr.6,
S.1481-1486
Michaelis, A.
Valve metal, Si and ceramic oxides as die-
lectric films for passive and active electronic
devices
Alkire, R.C.; Electrochemical Surface Modificati-
on: Thin Films, Functionalization and Characte-
rization Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008, S.1-106
(Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engi-
neering 10)
Mlungwane, K.; Herrmann, M.; Sigalas, I.
The low-pressure infiltration of diamond
by silicon to form diamond-silicon carbide
composites
Journal of the European Ceramic Society
28(2008), Nr.1, S.321-326
Momber, A.W.; Plagemann, P.; Stenzel, V.;
Schneider, M.
Investigating corrosion protection of off-
shore wind towers. Part 1: Background and
test program
Journal of protective coatings & linings
25(2008), Nr.4, S.30-43
Moritz, T.
Two-component CIM parts for the automo-
tive and railway sectors
PIM International 2(2008), Nr. 4, S. 38-39
Mosch, S.; Trofimenko, N.; Kusnezoff, M.;
Betz, T.; Kellner, M.
Performance and stability of SOFC anode
prepared by co-precipitation
Solid State Ionics 179(2008), Nr.27-32, S.1606-
1610
Potthoff, A.; Nebelung, M.; Bräunig, R.E.
Online-Analytik zur Charakterisierung von
Nanopartikeln in hohen Konzentrationen
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 80(2008), Nr.9,
S.1347
Raethel, J.; Kessel, H.U.; Herrmann, M.:
Field activated sintering technology (FAST)
for ceramic materials
cfi-ceramic forum international; Berichte der
Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft 85(2008),
Special Edition »Thermal process Engineering in
the ceramics industry«, Nr. 13, S. 39-42
Rebenklau, L.; Detert, M.; Herzog, T.
Bleifreie Lötverbindungen auf keramischen
Dickschichtverdrahtungsträgern
Schruttke, W., RoHS-Handbuch für Hersteller
und Zulieferer. Praktische Umsetzungshilfen,
alternative Materialien und innovative Verfah-
ren. Loseblattausgabe
Merching: Forum Verlag Herkert, Kapitel 7.9
Richter, V. ; Potthoff, A.; Pompe, W.; Gelinsky,
M.; Ikonomidou, H.; Bastian, S.; Schirmer, K.;
Scholz, S.; Hofinger, J.
Evaluation of health risks of nano- and
microparticles
Powder Metallurgy 51(2008), Nr.1, S.8-9
Richter, V.; Bastian, S.
Bewertung der Gesundheitsrisiken von
Nanopartikeln - Ein Beitrag zur nachhalti-
gen Entwicklung der Nanotechnologie
Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmit-
telsicherheit 3(2008), Nr.3, S.332-338
Schneider, M.; Yezerska, O.; Lohrengel, M.M.
Anodic oxide formation on AA2024: Electro-
chemical and microstructure investigation
Corrosion engineering, science and technology:
CEST 43(2008), Nr.4, S.304-312
Schönecker, A.
Piezoelectric fiber composite fabrication
Safari, A., Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials
for Transducer Applications
Berlin: Springer US, 2008, S.261-287
(Chapter 13)
Schröder, T.; Lenk, R.; Baumann, A.;
Moritz, T. ; Schöler, U.:
Hochzeit für ungleiche Paare: Metall-Kera-
mik-Hybride
Fraunhofer-Magazin (2008), Nr.4, S.44-45
Schroth, S.; Schneider, M.; Mayer-Uhma, T.;
Michaelis, A.; Klemm, V.
Investigation of thin oxide films on titani-
um for capacitor applications
Surface and interface analysis 40(2008),
Nr. 3/4, S.850-852
Schumann, R.
Beitrag zur Prognose des erzielbaren Ent-
wässerungsergebnisses anhand ausgewähl-
ter Eigenschaften kommunaler
Klärschlämme
Stuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2008
(Schriftenreihe Kompetenzen in Keramik und
Umweltverfahrenstechnik 1). Zugl.: Dresden,
Univ., Diss., 2007
ISBN 978-3-8167-7589-8
Shabalala, T.C.; McLachlan, D.S.; Sigalas, I.;
Herrmann, M.
Hard and tough boron suboxide based
composites
Ceramics international: CI 34(2008), Nr.7,
S.1713-1717
Siegel, S.
Holzbasierte Keramik als Konstruktions-
werkstoff. Teil 1
Keramische Zeitschrift 60(2008), Nr.2, S.94-99
Sithebe, H.S.L. ; McLachlan, D. ; Sigalas, I. ;
Herrmann, M.:
Pressure infiltration of boron nitride pre-
forms with molten aluminum
Ceramics international: CI 34(2008), Nr.6,
S.1367-1371
Stahr, C.C. ; Berger, L.-M. ; Thiele, S.
Mikrostruktur und Eigenschaften HVOF-
gespritzter Schichten im System TiO2-Cr2O3
Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik
39(2008), Nr.1, S.24-28
Stelter, M.
Multifunctional glass ceramics as fuel cells-
carrier material: Berichte aus der Forschung
BWK. Das Energie-Fachmagazin 60(2008),
Nr.1-2, S.S14-S14
Ziesche, S. ; Jurk, R. ; Trofimenko, N. ;
Kusnezoff, M.
Permeation and oxygen exchange of
Ln2Ni0.8Cu0.2O4-materials (Ln=La, Pr, Nd)
Solid state ionics 179(2008), Nr.27/32, Special
issue, S.1351-1353
Zins, M.
Treffpunkt Keramik – Hannover Messe 2008
cfi-ceramic forum international; Berichte der
Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft 85(2008),
Nr. 4, S. D11-D12
Presentations and posters
Adler, J.; Standke, G.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.
Cellular ceramics made of silicon carbide
ceramics for burner technology
32nd International Conference & Exposition on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites ICACC
2008, Daytona Beach (27.1-1.2.2008),
Presentation
Adler, J.
Ceramic diesel particulate filters – status
and trends
2nd International Congress on Ceramics: A
Global Roadmap for Ceramics - ICC2, Verona,
Italy (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Adler, J.; Kalisch, A.; Sprung, J.; Zschunke, T.
Schaumkeramik-Filter zur Emissionsreduzie-
rung von Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe
3. Fachkolloquium Feuerstätten/Abgasanlagen
“Sichere und schadstoffarme Festbrennstoff-
Feuerungsanlagen", Stuttgart (29.4.2008), Pre-
sentation
Adler, J.
Silicon carbide filters in hot gas filtration
International Symposium on New Frontier of
Advanced Si-Based Ceramics and Composites,
Jeju, Korea (8.-11.6.2008), Presentation
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 73
Bastian, S.; Iwe, M.; Holke, R.; Richter, V.
Effects of different engineered nanoparti-
cles on primary rat neurons
Nanotox 2008 - 2nd International Conference,
Zurich (7.-10.9.2008), Poster
Belda, C.
Long-term stability of miniaturized poten-
tiometric CO2 sensors in thick-film
technology
Eurosensors XXII, Dresden (7.-10.9.2008), Pos-
ter
Belda, C.; Fritsch, M.; Feller, C.; Westphal, D.;
Jung, G.
Stability of solid electrolyte based thick-
film CO2 sensors
IMAPS-CPMT Poland 2008: 32nd International
Microelectronics and Packaging IMAPS-CPMT
Poland Conference, Warsaw-Pultusk
(21.-24.9.2008), Poster
Begand, S.; Oberbach, T.; Herrmann, M.;
Sempf, K.
Inspection of microstructure and phase
composition of a dispersion ceramic after
hydrothermal treatment
2nd International Congress on Ceramics: A
Global Roadmap for Ceramics - ICC2, Verona,
Italy (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Berger, L.-M.; Thiele, S.
Charakterisierung keramischer Festkörper
durch Adsorption und Quecksilberporosi-
metrie
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar - Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-
arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presenta-
tion
Berger, L.-M.; Stahr, C.C.; Herrmann, M.; Des-
ka, D.; Michael, G.
Corrosion of thermally sprayed oxide cera-
mic coatings
MSE - Congress and exhibition on advanced
materials and processes, Nuremberg
(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Böttge, D.; Adler, J.
Methakat: Katalytisch – thermische Entsor-
gung methanhaltiger Schwachgase
84. Darmstädter Seminar - Abfalltechnik und
Umwelt- und Raumplanung “Klimawandel -
Markt für Strategien und Technologien?!",
Darmstadt (26.6.2008), Presentation
Bräunig, R. E.; Potthoff, A.
Online-Charakterisierung von Nanoparti-
keln in hohen Konzentrationen
4. Symposium - Produktgestaltung in der Parti-
keltechnologie, Pfinztal (12./13.6.2008),
Presentation
Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.
Aktive Materialien für Sensoren und Akto-
74 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
ren mit speziellem Fokus auf Piezokeramik
18. FIF Workshop, Bruchsal (6./7.3.2008), Pre-
sentation
Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.
Zustandsüberwachung piezoelektrischer
Aktoren durch Auswertung des elektri-
schen Ansteuersignals
2. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Zuverlässig-
keit mechatronischer und adaptronischer
Systeme, Koblenz (2./3.4.2008), Presentation
Busch, W.; Kühnel, D.; Springer, A.; Meißner, T.;
Gelinsky, M.; Potthoff, A.; Scholz, S.; Richter,
V.; Schirmer, K.
Assessment of hard metal nanoparticles:
A combined approach of characterisation,
visualisation and toxicology
Nanotox 2008 - 2nd International Conference,
Zurich (7.-10.9.2008), Poster
Endler, I.; Höhn, M.; Herrmann, M.; Pitonak, R.;
Ruppi, S.; Schneider, M.; van den Berg, H.;
Westphal, H.
Aluminiumreiches TiAIN – eine neuartige,
hochleistungsfähige CVD-Hartstoffschicht
27. Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie,
Hagen (27./28.11.2008), Presentation
Endler, I.; Höhn, M.; Herrmann, M.; Pitonak, R.;
Ruppi, S.; Schneider, M.; van den Berg, H.;
Westphal, H.
Novel aluminium-rich Ti1-xAlxN coatings by
LPCVD
International Conference on Metallurgical Coa-
tings and Thin Films ICMCTF, San Diego
(28.4.-2.5.2008), Presentation
Flössel, M.; Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.
Research and development of active flexu-
ral actuator modules based on PZT thick
films
APNFM 2008 - Advanced Processing for Novel
Functional Materials, Dresden (23.-25.1.2008),
Poster
Flössel, M.; Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.;
Michaelis, A.
LTCC/PZT Sensor - Actuator - Module
Electroceramics XI, Manchester
(31.8.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.; Maas, R.;
Lincke, M.
Effizienzsteigerung der Biogaserzeugung
durch innovativen Einsatz der Ultraschall-
desintegration
Biogas 2008, Osnabrück (12./13.6.2008),
Poster
Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.; Schwarz,
B.; Wufka, A.
Erhöhung der Effizienz der Biogasgewin-
nung durch innovative Prozessführung zur
Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit
17. Jahrestagung des Fachverbandes Biogas
e.V., Nuremberg (15.-17.1.2008), Presentation
Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.; Lincke, M.;
Schumann, R.
Höhere Transparenz der Biogaserzeugung
durch innovative Zustandskennzeichnung
Biogas 2008, Osnabrück (12./13.6.2008),
Presentation
Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.; Jobst, K.; Schwarz, B.;
Wufka, A.
Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von
Biogasanlagen durch Einführung innovati-
ver Prozesse
Biogas 08, Osnabrück (12./13.6.2008), Presen-
tation
Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.
Kennzeichnung des Zerkleinerungsfort-
schrittes von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen
Leipziger Biogasfachgespräch, Leipzig
(2.4.2008), Presentation
Friedrich, H.; Fassauer, C.
Werkstoffrückgewinnung aus Prozessab-
wässern
DKG FA 10, Duravit Sanitärporzellan Meissen
(30.9.2008), Presentation
Friedrich, H.
Beitrag zumproduktionsintegrierten
Umweltschutz in der keramischen
Produktion
DKG FA 10, Duravit Sanitärporzellan Meissen
(30.9.2008), Presentation
Fries, M.
Design von keramischen Pressgranulaten
durch Variation von Suspensionseigen-
schaften
DKG-Symposium: Herstellung, Charakterisie-
rung und Verarbeitung von keramischen Sus-
pensionen, Erlangen (2./3.12.2008), Presenta-
tion
Fries, M.
Pulveraufbereitung
Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-
lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
onszentrums »AdvanCer«, Block I: Herstellung,
Eigenschaften, Anwendungen, Dresden
(12./13.3.2008), Presentation
Fries, M.
Produktdesign keramischer Sprühgranulate
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Sprühtrocknung
keramischer Suspensionen, Dresden
(10.-12.9.2008), Presentation
Fritsch, M.; Partsch, U.; Stelter, M.; Goldberg, A.;
Michaelis, A.
Thick film systems for strain gauges and
energy micro-systems
IMAPS/ACerS 4th International Conference and
Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Cera-
mic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT 2008),
Munich (21.-24.4.2008), Presentation
Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.; Bruchmann, C.;
Beckert, E.; Rodrigues, G.; Bastaits, R.;
Preumont, A.
Active optical structures by use of PZT thick films
IMAPS/ACerS 4th International Conference and
Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Cera-
mic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT 2008),
Munich (21.-24.4.2008), Presentation
Gebhardt, S.; Partsch, U.; Schönecker, A.
PZT thick films for MEMS
ISAF 2008 - 17th International Symposium on
Applications of Ferroelectrics, Santa Fe, USA
(24.-27.2.2008), Presentation
Gestrich, T.; Jaenicke-Rößler, K.; Herrmann, M.;
Leitner, G.; Neher, R.
Characterisation of the influence of humi-
dity on powdertechnological processes by
means of thermal analysis
GEFTA - Gesellschaft für Thermische Analyse,
Mulhouse (18.-20.6.2008), Presentation
Gestrich, T.; Jaenicke-Rößler, K.; Herrmann, M.;
Leitner, G.
Influence of atmosphere impurities on
debinding, outgassing and sintering of
hardmetals
International Conference on Tungsten,
Refractory & Hardmaterials VII, Washington,
D.C. (8.-12.6.2008), Presentation
Goldberg, A.
An integrated self-calibrating differential
pressure sensor in LTCC-Technology
Eurosensors XXII, Dresden (7./10.9.2008), Pre-
sentation
Goldberg, A.; Rabbow, T.; Partsch, U.;
Schneider, M.; Stelter, M.:
Micro-PEM-Fuel cells in LTCC-Technology
Electrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen
(6.-8.10.2008), Poster
Hanke, T.; Springer, A.; Rudolph, E.; Heine-
mann, C.; Gelinsky, M.; Schirmer, K.;
Ikonomidou, H.; Richter, V.:
Visualisation of synthetic nanoparticles in
cells and small organisms - A contribution
to the identification of toxic potency and
toxic mechanisms
Nanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6th
International Nanotechnology Symposium,
Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Presentation
Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.;
Näke, R.
Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Brennstoff-
zellensystems für Biogas
VDI-Tagung Brennstoffzelle, Braunschweig
(27./28.5.2008), Poster
Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.; Näke,
R.; Stelter, M.
Entwicklung, Aufbau und Betrieb eines
Brennstoffzellensystems für Biogas
ProcessNet Jahrestagung, Karlsruhe
(7.-9.10.2008), S.1370, Presentation
Heddrich, M.
Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Brennstoff-
zellensystems für den Einsatz von Biogas
6. Riesaer Brennstoffzellen - Workshop, Riesa
(26.2.2008), Presentation
Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Stelter, M.;
Marschallek, F.; Näke, R.
Operation of a biogas-fed SOFC system
Fuel Cell Seminar & Exhibition, Phoenix, Arizo-
na (27.-30.10.2008), Presentation
Heimann, M.; Meißner, F.; Endler, I.;
Schönecker, A.; Wolter, K.-J.
Nano-scaled functional layer for current
and heat transportation in electronics
packaging
MicroCar 2008: Mikrowerkstoffe, Nanowerk-
stoffe für den Automobilbau, Leipzig
(27.2.2008), Presentation
Heimann, M.; Meißner, F.; Schönecker, A.; End-
ler, I.; Wolter, K.-J.
Nano-scaled functional layers for current
and heat transportation in electronics
packaging
ESTC – 2nd Electronics System-Integration
Technology Conference, Greenwich, London
(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Hentsche, M.; Kretzschmar, C.; Rebenklau, L.;
Grießmann; Marcinkowski, P.
Thick film heater for aluminium nitride
ceramic
IMAPS 2008: 41st International Symposium on
Microelectronics, Rhode Island Convention
Center - Providence, Rhode Island USA
(2.11.-6.11.2008), Presentation
Hentsche, M.; Kretzschmar, C.
Pb-free conductor gold paste for AlN-ceramic
APNFM 2008: Advanced Processing for Novel
Functional Materials, Dresden
(23.-25.1.2008), Poster
Herrmann, M.
Gefügedarstellung und Bewertung
Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe Schu-
lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
onszentrums “AdvanCer", Block III: Konstrukti-
on, Qualitätssicherung, Betriebseinsatz, Frei-
burg (13./14.11.2008), Presentation
Herrmann, M.; Raethel, J.; Beckert, W.
Spark plasma sintering of conductive and
nonconductive composites
International Conference on Sintering 2008,
San Diego (16. - 20.11.2008), Presentation
Herrmann, M.; Himpel, G.
Thermische Entbinderungsprozesse:
Mechanismen - Methoden - Verfahren
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Entbinderung kera-
mischer Formteile, Dresden (23./24.10.2008),
Presentation
Höhn, M.; Endler, I.; Pitonak, R.; Ruppi, S.;
Schneider, M.; van den Berg, H.; Westphal, H.
CVD-Al2O3-coatings – correlations between
structure and properties
International Conference on Metallurgical Coa-
tings and Thin Films ICMCTF, San Diego
(28.4.-2.5.2008), Presentation
Höhn, S.
Charakterisierung der Formkörper, Defek-
tentstehung, Nachweis/Vermeidung.
DKG Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft e.V.
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Entbinderung kera-
mischer Formteile, Dresden (23./24.10.2008),
Presentation
Höhn, S.
Grünkörpercharakterisierung mittels Com-
putertomographie und ionenstrahlbasier-
ten Präparationsmethoden
14. Keramik Tag der BAM: Prozessbegleitende
Prüfung in der Keramik, Berlin (8./9.5.2008),
Presentation
Höhn, S.; Mayer-Uhma, T.
Orientierungsabhängige Ätzratenbestim-
mung an Rutil
42. Metallographietagung, Jena
(17. -19.9.2008), Presentation
Höhn, S
Sample preparation by ion beam methods
for scanning electron microscopy
Non Destructive Testing – Technologies & Appli-
cations, Vienna (9.4.2008), Presentation
Iwe, M.; Bastian, S.; Holke, R.; Richter, V.
Interaction of nanoparticles with oligoden-
droglial cells of the rat brain
Nanotox 2008:2nd International Conference,
Zurich (07.-10.9.2008), Poster
Jahn, M.; Stelter, M.; Adler, J.; Marschallek, F.
Combustion in porous media for fuel cell
applications
Fuel Cell Seminar & Exhibition, Phoenix, Arizo-
na (27.-30.10.2008), Poster
Jahn, M.; Heddrich, M.; Marschallek, F.;
Näke, R.
Brennstoffzellen-Systementwicklung zur
Biomasseverwertung
Kolloquium Vision Keramik 2008+, Dresden
(17./18.1.2008), Presentation
Jahn, M.; Stelter, M.; Heddrich, M.; Friedrich,
E.; Kusnezoff, M.
Development and operating experience
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 75
with a SOFC-CHP system for biogas
8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern
(30.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Jahn, M.
Entwicklung und Test keramischer Energie-
systeme am Fraunhofer IKTS
18. Treffen der Arbeitsgruppe Biogene Gase,
Brennstoffzellen “Einsatz keramischer Werk-
stoffe zur Gasreinigung und in Brennstoffzellen-
anlagen", Hermsdorf (28.4.2008), Presentation
Jahn, M.
Entwicklung, Aufbau und Betrieb eines
SOFC-Brennstoffzellensystems für Biogas
acatech Workshop “Potential der biotechnolo-
gischen Energieumwandlung in Deutschland",
Berlin (22.10.2008), Presentation
Kavurucu Schubert, S.; Kusnezoff, M.;
Wunderlich, C.
Characterisation of sulphur poisoning of
anodes in single-cell SOFC stacks using
impedance spectroscopy
8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern
(30.6.-4.7.2008), CD, 12 S., Poster
Kellner, M.; Betz, T.; Kusnezoff, M.;
Trofimenko, N.; Mosch, S.
Development and manufacturing of elec-
trolyte-supported cells with high power
density and durability
8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern
(30.6.-4.7.2008), CD, 9 S., Presentation
Kinski, I.
Perspektiven für die Zukunft: Oxide und
Oxonitride
Polymerkeramik Seminar, Hirschegg Kleinwal-
sertal (14.-19.3.2008), Presentation
Kinski, I.
Spinel-Type Gallium Oxynitrides
4th International Workshop on Spinel-Nitrides
and Related Materials; Rüdesheim
(31.8.-5.9.2008), Presentation
Klemm, H.
Ceramic high-temperature materials for
gas turbine applications
Entwicklungsseminar Clariant Produkte GmbH,
(11.9.2008), Presentation
Klemm, H.
Ceramic materials for gas turbine
applications
9th International Symposium on Ceramic Mate-
rials and Components for Energy and Environ-
mental Applications CMCEE 2008, Shanghai,
China (10.-14.11.2008), Presentation
Klemm, H.; Adler, J.
Nichtoxidische Strukturkeramiken mit
erweiterter Funktionalität – Beispiele und
Anwendungen
76 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Kuratorium IKTS, Dresden (08.5.2008),
Presentation
Klemm, H.; Herrmann, M.
Silicon nitride materials for gas turbine
applications
9th International Symposium on Ceramic Mate-
rials and Components for Energy and Environ-
mental Applications CMCEE 2008, Shanghai,
China (10.-14.11.2008), Presentation
Klemm, H.; Herrmann, M.
Technische Keramik – ein Überblick
Entwicklertreff Endress & Hauser, (25.7.2008),
Presentation
Klemm, U.
Bewertung der Pressbarkeit von Sprühgra-
nulaten im instrumentierten Pressversuch
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-
arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presenta-
tion
Kraft, T.; Bierwisch, B.; Lang, M.; Nebelung, M.
Simulation des Fließverhaltens von Press-
granulaten
27. Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie,
Hagen (27./28.11.2008), S. 119-135, Presenta-
tion
Krell, A.
Improved protection by new
transparent armor
C-IED Symposium – Mitigation & Forensics,
Meppen (28./29.5.2008), Presentation
Krell, A.; Klimke, J.; Hutzler, T.
Materials for transparent ceramics: Physical
issues and technological solutions
2nd International Congress on Ceramics
(ICC-2), Verona (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Kremmer, K.; Schreiber, G.; Schneider, M.;
Rafaja, D.
Interplay between the deposition potential
and the microstructure of electroplated
lead layers
Electrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen
(6.-8.10.2008), Poster
Kühnel, D.; Busch, W.; Meißner, T.; Springer, A.;
Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.; Gelinsky, M.;
Schirmer, K.
Toxic potency of cobalt-doped tungsten
carbide nanoparticles to rainbow trout gill
cells (RTgill-W1)
NanoECO, Monte Verità, Switzerland
(2.-7.3.2008), Presentation
Kusnezoff, M.; Pfeifer, T.; Lorenz, C.; Jahn, M.;
Stelter, M.; Urban, W.; Thomas, S.; Pomraenke,
A.; Hermann, A.
SOFC components testing in a system con-
text
8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern
(30.6.-4.7.2008), CD, 11 S., Presentation
Lankau, V.; Martin, H.-P.; Michaelis, A.
Keramische Materialien für den Einsatz in
thermoelektrischen Generatoren
Thermoelektrik – eine Chance für die Automo-
bilindustrie, Berlin (23./24.10.2008), Presenta-
tion
Langklotz, U.; Weiser, M.; Schroth, S.;
Schneider, M.; Michaelis, A.
The application of an electrochemical
micro-capillary device in surface science
MINDE course / East Forum, Trento, Italy
(19.-24.10.2008), Poster
Lenk, R.
EffPro – Untersuchung zur Energieeffizienz
in der Produktion
Sitzung des Fachausschusses IV (Wärmetech-
nik) der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft
e.V., Dresden (5.3.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.
Energieeffizienz bei der Herstellung und
im Einsatz von keramischen Hochleistungs-
werkstoffen
Sitzung des Informativen Arbeitskreises Keramik-
bearbeitung, Berlin (17.4.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.
Energieeinsatz bei der Herstellung von
Technischer Keramik
Sitzung des Fachausschusses III (Verfahrens-
technik) der Deutschen Keramischen Gesell-
schaft e.V., Höhr-Grenzhausen (26.5.2008),
Presentation
Lenk, R.
Fehlerquellen bei der Herstellung kerami-
scher Werkstoffe
Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-
lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
onszentrums “AdvanCer", Block III: Konstrukti-
on, Qualitätssicherung, Betriebseinsatz, Frei-
burg (13./14.11.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.
Keramische Formgebung
Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-
lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
onszentrums »AdvanCer«, Block I: Herstellung,
Eigenschaften, Anwendungen, Dresden
(12./13.3.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.
Keramische Formgebung
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Thermoplastische
Formgebung von Technischer Keramik, Dresden
(8./9.10.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.; Baumann, A.; Moritz, T.
Metall-Keramik-Verbunde durch
Grünfolienhinterspritzen
EUROMOLD, Forum Werkstoffe, Frankfurt/M.
(3.-5.12.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.
Produkt- und prozessorientierte Formge-
bung Technischer Keramik
Sitzung des Technologieausschusses der Cer-
amTec AG, Dresden (4.9.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.; Nebelung, M.; Zins, M.
Requirements on ceramic raw material for
new developments in technical ceramics
Hosokawa-Alpine Expo 2008, Augsburg
(23./24.4.2008), Presentation
Lenk, R.; Nebelung, M.; Zins, M.
Anforderungen an keramische Rohstoffe
für neue Entwicklungen in der Technischen
Keramik
Hosokawa-Alpine Expo 2008, Augsburg
(23./24.4.2008), Presentation
Lenzner, K.
Granulatcharakterisierung
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-
arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation
Maas, R.; Bagehorn, V.; Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.
Influence of different parameters on mem-
brane flux of digester effluent filtrate in a
single-shaft-disc-filter
10th World Filtration Congress WFC 2008,
Leipzig (14.-18.4.2008), S. II/224-II/228,
Presentation
Maas, R.; Friedrich, H.
Sound and flow field simulation in ultra-
sound reactor for disintegration of sludges
11th Meeting of the European Society of Sono-
chemistry, La Grande Motte, France
(1.-5.6.2008), S.80-81, Presentation
Maas, R.; Friedrich, H.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Viskosi-
tät auf die Strömungsführung und den
Ultraschallwandler in einem hochviskosen
Medium
DAGA 2008, 34. Jahrestagung für Akustik,
Dresden (10.-13.3.2008), Presentation
Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.; Loibl, H.;
Hubmann, R.
X-ray computed tomography for characte-
rization of powder injection molded cera-
mic green parts
Workshop on X-Ray Micro Imaging of Materi-
als, Devices, and Organisms, Dresden
(22.-24.10.2008), Poster
Mannschatz, A.; Bedrich, S.; Klemm, H.;
Moritz, T.
Multifunctional ceramic/ceramic com-
pounds made by 2-component powder
injection moulding
APNFM 2008: Advanced Processing for Novel
Functional Materials, Dresden
(23.-25.1.2008), Presentation
Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.; Tontrup, C.
Powder injection moulding using nano-
structured Zirconia
Nanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6th
International Nanotechnology Symposium,
Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Presentation
Marschallek, F.; Adler, J.; Belitz, R.; Böttge, D.;
Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Standke, G.
Mehrstofffähige Brenner für den Einsatz in
Brennstoffzellensystemen
ProcessNet Jahrestagung, Karlsruhe
(7.-9.10.2008), Poster
Martin, H.-P.; Dahms, S.; Richter, H.-J.;
Triebert, A.
Diffusion joining of silicon carbide products
Materials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg
(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.
Partikelcharakterisierung als Vorausset-
zung für die Interpretation von In-Vitro-
Studien
2. Symposium Nanotechnology and Toxicology
in Environment and Health, Leipzig
(2./3.4.2008), Poster
Meißner, T.; Springer, A.; Bastian, S.
INOS - Identifizierung und Bewertung von
Gesundheits- und Umweltauswirkungen
von technischen nanoskaligen Partikeln
2. Symposium Nanotechnology and Toxicology
in Environment and Health, Leipzig
(2./3.4.2008), Presentation
Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Partikel-
messtechnik zur Charakterisierung von
Nanopartikeln in physiologischen
Flüssigkeiten
Moderne Trends bei der Charakterisierung
nanostrukturierter Systeme, Potsdam
(10.4.2008), Presentation
Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.
Suspension characterization as the impor-
tant key for toxicological investigations.
Nanosafe 2008, Minatec - France
(3.-7.11.2007), Presentation
Meyer, A.; Potthoff, A.; Nebelung, M.; Lenzner,
K.; Fuchs, T.; Stein, J.
Stabilisierung hochkonzentrierter Böhmit-
Suspensionen zur Vermahlung auf Partikel-
größen im Nanometer-Bereich
Aufbereitung und Recycling, Freiberg
(12./13.11.2008), Presentation
Meyer, A.; Potthoff, A.; Kaskel, S.
Messtechnisch unterstützte Schlickerent-
wicklung für Al2O3-Suspensionen
4. Symposium - Produktgestaltung in der Parti-
keltechnologie, Pfinztal (12./13.6.2008), Poster
Michaelis, A.
Ceramic materials and technologies for
high integrated fuel cell systems
32nd International Conference & Exposition on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites ICACC 2008,
Daytona Beach (27.1.-1.2.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Ceramic materials and technologies for
innovative microsystems fabrication
4. Fraunhofer Symposium, Sendai, Japan
(8./9.12.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Chancen und Entwicklungen keramischer
Materialien und Systeme anhand von For-
schungsprojekten und Anwendungsbeispielen
Workshop »Technische Keramik«, Hoerbiger
Int. Management Services GmbH, Peiting
(3.3.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
From nanomaterials to fuel cell systems
NanoTech-Forum, London (27.10.2008),
Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Keramische Bauteile für die Energie- und
Antriebstechnik
Sitzung des Technologieausschuss der Ceram-
Tec AG, Dresden (4.9.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Keramische Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzel-
len (SOFC) und Mikrobrennstoffzellen für
die Praxis
MATERIALICA 2008: 11. Internationale Fach-
messe für Werkstoffanwendungen, Oberflä-
chen und Product Engineering, Munich
(14.10.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Keramische HT-Brennstoffzellen SOFC für
mobile und stationäre Anwendungen
NanoAutomotive 2008, Darmstadt
(13.-14.5.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Materialentwicklung für Brennstoffzellen
Nanomat 9. Szene, Karlsruhe (17.4.2008), Pre-
sentation
Michaelis, A.
Photovoltaik und Energietechnologien
am IKTS
Workshop SolarFab2020, FEP Dresden
(9.9.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Thick film and multilayer ceramic
technology for innovative fuel cell systems
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 77
9th Interanional Symposium on Ceramic Mate-
rials and Components for Energy and Environ-
mental Applications CMCEE 2008, Shanghai,
China (10.-14.11.2008), Presentation
Michaelis, A.
Vom Material zu Bauteil
DKG/DGM Symposium Hochleistungskeramik
HLK 2008, Hamburg (25.-27.2.2008),
Presentation
Moritz, T.; Richter, A.; Dombrowski, F.
Ceramic/metal and ceramic/ceramic com-
pounds with novel pore structures by
freeze casting
APNFM 2008 - Advanced Processing for Novel
Functional Materials, Dresden (23.-25.1.2008),
Presentation
Moritz, T.; Moritz, K.
Electrophoretically deposited porous cera-
mics and their characterisation by x-ray
computer tomography
3rd International Conference on Electrophore-
tic Deposition: Fundamentals and Applications,
Tokyo (5.-9.10.2008), Presentation
Moritz, T.
What is CarCIM
Non Destructive Testing - Technologies & Appli-
cations, Vienna (9.4.2008), Presentation
Mosch, S.; Schneider, M.; Kusnezoff, M.;
Trofimenko, N.
Development and characterization of elec-
trodes for SOFCs based on 3YSZ electroly-
tes
Electrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen
(6.-8.10.2008), Poster
Müller, M.
Granulatdesign mittels mechanischer
Granulierverfahren
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-
arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008),
Presentation
Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.; Potthoff, A.
Strategische Aspekte der Pulverkonfektio-
nierung
Jahrestagung 2008 der DKG, Höhr-Grenzhau-
sen (26.-28.5.2008), Presentation
Nebelung, M.; Lenzner, K.
Granulatcharakterisierung – Voraussetzung
für die Optimierung von Pressgranulaten
14. Keramik-Tag der BAM: Prozessbegleitende
Prüfung in der Keramik, Berlin (8./9.5.2008),
Presentation
Nebelung, M.; Lenzner, K.; Lang, B.
Experiments on interaction between
powder processing and properties of
alumina press bulk
78 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Materials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg
(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.; Kraft, T.
Produktdesign von Pressgranulaten -
Anforderungen und Realität-
27. Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie,
Hagen (27./28.11.2008), S. 107-118,
Presentation
Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.
Thermische Granulationsverfahren:
Einführung, Sprühtrocknung
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-
arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008),
Presentation
Nicolai, M.; Schönecker, A.
The evaluation of activation parameters
for ferroelectric materials
Fourth International Workshop Direct and
Inverse Problems in Piezoelectricity, Pommers-
felden (29.9.-1.10.2008), Presentation
Nicolai, M.; Schönecker, A.
Properties of PZT/SKN piezoceramic in
mechanical and thermal load conditions
DKG/DGM-Symposium Hochleistungskeramik
HLK 2008, Hamburg (25.-27.2.2008), Poster
Nicolai, M.; Uhlig, S.; Schönecker, A.;
Michaelis, A.
Experimental investigation of non-linear
behaviour of PZT Piezoceramics at low
temperature
CIMTEC, Italy, Acireale (8.-13.6.2008), S.105-
110, Presentation
Nuffer, J.; Kohlrautz, D.; Brückner, B.; Schön-
ecker, A.; Michelis, P.; Adarraga, O.; Nussmann,
C.; Naake, A.; Schmidt, K.; Han, S.O.; Wolf, K.
Reliability investigation of adaptive sys-
tems for noise reduction on system and
material level
12th Adaptronic Congress, Berlin
(20./21.5.2008), S.155-164, Presentation
Oehme, F.
Rationalisierung der Grünbearbeitung
technischer Keramik
Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-
lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
onszentrums “AdvanCer", Block II: Bearbei-
tung technischer Keramik, Berlin (6./7.5.2008),
Presentation
Pönicke, A.
Sealing materials and joining techniques
5th International Large SOFC Summer School,
Chania, Crete, Greece (31.8.-5.9.2008), Pre-
sentation
Pönicke, A.
SOFC ceramic materials processing
5th International Large SOFC Summer School,
Chania, Crete, Greece (31.8.-5.9.2008), Pre-
sentation
Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.
Bewertung und Gesundheitsrisiken von
technischen Nanopartikeln mit Schwer-
punkt Hartmetallvorstoffe
40. Sitzung des AK Hartmetalle, Immelborn
(9.4.2008), Presentation
Potthoff, A.; Lenzner, K.; Meyer, A.;
Nebelung, M.
Einfluss von Mahlbedingungen auf die Wir-
kungsweise chemischer Hilfsstoffe bei der
Suspensionsherstellung
DKG-Symposium: Herstellung, Charakterisierung
und Verarbeitung von keramischen Suspensio-
nen, Erlangen (2.-3.12.2008), Presentation
Potthoff, A.; Meißner, T.; Richter, V.; Busch, W.;
Kühnel, D.; Bastian, S.; Iwe, M.; Springer, A.
Evaluation of health risks nanoparticles
- A contribution to a sustainable develop-
ment of nanotechnology
E-MRS Fall Meeting, Warsaw,
(15.-19.9.2008), Presentation
Potthoff, A.; Nebelung, M.; Bräunig, R. E.
Online-Analytik zur Charakterisierung von
Nanopartikeln in hohen Konzentrationen
ProcessNet Jahrestagung, Karlsruhe
(7.-9.10.2008), Presentation
Potthoff, A.; Bräunig, R.
Online-Messtechnik zur Überwachung der
Zerkleinerung
14. Keramik-Tag der BAM - Prozessbegleitende
Prüfung in der Keramik, Berlin (8./9.5.2008),
Presentation
Potthoff, A.
Pulver- und Suspensionscharakterisierung
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-
arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation
Quadbeck, P.; Standke, G.; Kümmel, K.; Adler,
J.; Stephani, G.
High temperature resistant cellular PM
steel components
Euro PM2008 Congress & Exhibition, Mann-
heim (29.9.-1.10.2008), Presentation
Quadbeck, P.; Standke, G.; Uhlenhut, H.; Adler,
J.; Kümmel, K.; Stephani, G.
Molybdenum foams for heat insulation in
industrial furnaces
Cellmet - 2nd International Symposium, Fraun-
hofer Institute Center Dresden,
(8.-10.10.2008), Presentation
Räthel, J.; Herrmann, M.; Beckert, W.;
Nürnberger, M.
Densification of electrically conductive
composites close to percolation threshold
International Conference Advanced Processing
of Novel Functional Materials (APNFM), Dres-
den (23.-25.1.2008), Presentation
Räthel, J.; Herrmann, M.; Beckert, W.
Temperature distribution during spark
plasma sintering (SPS)
Workshop on Spark Plasma Sintering, Avignon,
France (6./7.10.2008), Poster
Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Partsch, U.;
Stelter, M.; Michaelis, A.
EMSA – Electrochemical Multisensorarray
Electrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen
(6.-8.10.2008), Poster
Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Partsch, U.;
Stelter, M.; Michaelis, A.
EMSA – Elektrochemisches Multisensorarray
Biotechnica, Hanover (7.-9.10.2008), Poster
Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Partsch, U.;
Stelter, M.; Michaelis, A.
EMSA – Elektrochemisches Multisensorarray
SIT, Industrie- und Technologiefachmesse,
Chemnitz (26.-28.6.2008), Poster
Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Fuhrmann, A.; Stel-
ter, M.; Michaelis, A.
Electrochemistry at thick film gold electro-
des on low temperatures cofired ceramics
(LTCC)
Materials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg
(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.
Elektrochemie an Gold-Dickschichten
Winterseminar »Struktur der Unordnung«,
Wirl/Galtür (30.3. - 6.4.2008), Presentation
Reinhardt, K.; Feller, C.; Kretzschmar, C.
Cut in pH sensor for food industry in cera-
mic multilayer technology; pH-Einstichsen-
sor für die Lebensmittelindustrie in kerami-
scher Multilayertechnologie
Eurosensors XXII, Dresden (7.-10.9.2008), Poster
Reinhardt, K.
Elektrochemische Sensoren in Dickschicht-
technik
IMAPS - Konferenz, Munich (14.-15.10.2008),
Presentation
Richter, H.-J.; Lenk, R.; Miosge, E.
Generative processes for the production of
ceramic components - potentialities and
limits
Euro-uRapid2008 - 9th International User's
Conference & Exhibition on Rapid Prototyping
& Rapid Tooling & Rapid Manufacturing, Berlin
(23./24.9.2008), S.217-226, Presentation
Richter, V.; Kühnel, D.
Gesundheitsaspekte von Nanopartikeln
Nanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6th
International Nanotechnology Symposium,
Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Poster
Richter, V.
Fields of activities and competences of
Fraunhofer IKTS – an institute of the Fraun-
hofer Society
Japanese-German Meeting at NanoCluster
Osaka, Creation Core Osaka (11.2.2008),
Presentation
Richter, V.
Gesundheits- und Umweltauswirkungen
von technischen nanoskaligen Partikeln
Bürgerdialog NanoCare - Nanotechnologie
sicher gemacht, Dresden (29.11.2008),
Presentation
Richter, V.
Gesundheitsrisiken von technischen Nanopar-
tikeln – Wissensstand und Forschungsbedarf
Expertengespräch “Nanotechnologie und
Gesundheit“ des BMBF, Bonn (24.6.2008), Pre-
sentation
Richter, V.
Identifizierung und Bewertung von Gesund-
heits- und Umweltauswirkungen von techni-
schen nanoskaligen Partikeln (INOS)
WING-Statusseminar “NanoChem", Bonn,
(18./19.6.2008), Presentation
Richter, V.
Manufacturing of nanoscaled hard and
heat conducting materials – Sintering and
characterization
Nanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6th
International Nanotechnology Symposium,
Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Presentation
Richter, V.; Bergs, T.
Mass production of high precision optical
glass elements by direct forming
NanoTech, Tokyo (14.2.2008), Presentation
Richter, V.; Potthoff, A.; Meißner, T.
Physico-chemical characterization in the
light of toxicological effects (I)
11th International Inhalation Symposium,
Hanover (11.-14.6.2008), Presentation
Rödig, T.; Schönecker, A.
Piezoelektrische Generatoren für Low
Power Wireless Technologies
10. Wireless Technologies Kongress, Bochum
(23./24.9.2008), Presentation
Rößler, S.; Glorius, S.; Nies, B.; Quadbeck, P.;
Hauser, R.; Stephani, G.; Standke, G.
Metal foams reinforced with calcium phos-
phate cement for use as bone implants
Cellmet - 2nd International Symposium, Fraun-
hofer Institute Center Dresden (8.-10.10.2008),
Presentation
Safi, N.; Mayer, D.; Brückner, B.; Nuffer, J.
Reliability prognostics of novel piezocera-
mic plate actuators by assessing the
electrical admittance
2. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Zuverlässigkeit
mechatronischer und adaptronischer Systeme -
Absicherung der Systemzuverlässigkeit,
Koblenz (2./3.4.2008), S.167-174, Presentation
Sauchuk, V.; Kusnezoff, M.; Trofimenko, N.;
Megel, S.; Baldus, H.-P.; Reinert, A.
Development of effective protective mate-
rials for SOFC metallic interconnects
8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern
(30.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Schneider, M.; Schroth, S.; Weiser, M.;
Langklotz, U.; Michaelis, A.
Examination of thin oxide films on titani-
um formed by eletrolytic and thermal
oxidation in view of its thickness
Materials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg
(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Schneider, M.; Sydow, U.; Weidmann, S.;
Fürbeth, W.
Oxide tailoring for downstream modificati-
on by chemical nanotechnology to upgra-
de adhesive properties and corrosion
protection of aluminum alloys
11th International Conference on Aluminium
Alloys ICAA, Aachen (22.-26.9.2008), Presenta-
tion
Scholz, S.; Richter, V.
Nanotechnologie und Umwelt
BMBF, Bonn (18.2.2008), Diskussionsbeitrag
Schönecker, A.
Eigenschaften keramischer Ferroelektrika
und deren Anwendungspotenzial
Werkstoffe mit nichtlinearen dielektrischen
Eigenschaften, Stuttgart (13.3.2008), Presenta-
tion
Schönecker, A.; Gebhardt, S.
Microsystems technologies for use in
structures and integrated systems
CIMTEC, Italy, Acireale (8. -13.6.2008),
Presentation
Schönecker, A.; Meißner, F.; Heimann, M.;
Wolter, K.-J.; Endler, I.:
Nanoskalige Funktionsschichten zum
Strom- und Wärmetransport in der Auf-
bau- und Verbindungstechnik – NAFU-AVT
Mikro-Nano-Integration, Berlin (13./14.3.2008),
Presentation
Schulz, I.
Nano Si3N4 composites with improved
tribological properties
16th International Colloquium Tribology, Stutt-
gart/Ostfildern (15.-17.1.2008), Presentation
Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 79
Sempf, K.; Herrmann, M.; Bauer, F.
First results in thin film analysis based on a
new EDS software to determine composition
and/or thickness of thin layers on substrates
14th European Microscopy Congress EMC,
Aachen (1.-5.9.2008), Poster
Siegel, S.
Biomimetisch geprägte Hochleistungskera-
miken für den Anlagenbau
BMBF-Statusseminar »BIONA - Bionische Inno-
vationen für nachhaltige Produkte und Techno-
logien«, Bad Honnef (27./28.11.2008), Presen-
tation
Sigalas, I.; Andrews, A.; Herrmann, M.; Shaba-
lala, T. C.; Kleebe, A.
Boron suboxide: A potential superhard
material
9th Interntional Conference on the Science of
Hard Materials ICSHM9, Motego Bay, Jamaica
(10.-14.3.2008), Presentation
Sigalas, I.; Ras, A.; Naidoo, K.; Herrmann, M.
The use of hard and ultrahard ceramics in
transportation and security applications
2nd International Congress on Ceramics (ICC-
2), Verona (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Stahr, C.C.; Herrmann, M.; Berger, L.-M.;
Deska, D.
Corrosion of alumina-based coatings
ITSC 2008, Maastricht (2.-4.6.2008), CD,
S.374-377, Presentation
Stahr, C.C.; Berger, L.-M.; Herrmann, M.;
Deska, D.
Korrosion thermisch gespritzter Schichten
auf der Basis von Aluminiumoxid
11. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium, Chem-
nitz (1./2.10.2008), S.115-122, Presentation
Stelter, M.; Jahn, M.; Heddrich, M.; Kusnezoff,
M.; Friedrich, E.
SOFC-CHP system operated on biogas
8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern
(30.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation
Stockmann, J.
Trockenpressen – Technologische Aspekte
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Technologische
Grundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatverar-
beitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation
Stockmann, J.
Verbindungstechnik
Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-
lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-
onszentrums »AdvanCer«, Block III: Konstrukti-
on, Qualitätssicherung, Betriebseinsatz, Frei-
burg (13./14.11.2008), Presentation
Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.; Herrmann, M.;
Michaelis, A.
Mechanismen der elektrochemischen
80 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Korrosion polykristalliner SiC-Keramiken
Winterseminar “Struktur der Unordnung",
Wirl/Galtür (30.3.-6.4.2008), Presentation
Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.; Herrmann, M.;
Michaelis, A.
Mechanism of the electrochemical
corrosion of polycrystalline SiC-ceramics
Electrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen
(6.-8.10.2008), Poster
Uhlig, S.
Investigation of domain-related topogra-
phy formation during chemical mechanical
polishing (CMP) of piezoelectric ceramic
material
Electroceramics XI, Manchester
(31.8.-4.9.2008), Presentation
Uhlig, S.
Topographische Präparation ferroelektri-
scher Domänen beim Chemisch Mechani-
schen Polieren (CMP)
DKG/DGM Symposium Hochleistungskeramik
HLK 2008, Hamburg (25.-27.2.2008), Poster
Weidmann, S. K.; Fürbeth, W.; Yezerska, O.;
Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.
Nanoparticle based impregnation of
anodic layers on aluminum alloys
11th International Conference on Aluminium
Alloys ICAA, Aachen (22.-26.9.2008), Poster
Weiser, M.; Schroth, S.; Schneider, M.;
Michaelis, A.
Electrochemical investigation on thin tita-
nium oxide films formed by electrolytic and
thermal oxidation
Junior Euromat, Lausanne (14.7.-18.7.2008),
Poster
Wufka, A.; Schwarz, B.; Friedrich, E.; Jobst, K.;
Friedrich, H.
Novel process management for improved
biogas production
14th International Conference for Renewable
Resources and Plant Biotechnologie, Magde-
burg (9./10.6.2008), Presentation
Zalite, I.; Grabis, J.; Palcevskis, E.; Herrmann, M.
Plasma processed nanosize Si3N4-based
powders for advanced ceramics in aerospace
European Conference on Materials and
Structures in Aerospace (EUCOMAS), Berlin
(26./27.5.2008), S.465-466, Presentation
Ziesche, S.
Entwicklung von ionisch - elektronisch
mischleitenden keramischen Werkstoffen
für Sauerstoffpermeationsmembranen
Kolloquium Vision Keramik 2008+, Dresden
(17./18.1.2008), Presentation
Ziesche, S.
Oxygen sensor for gas mixtures with
combustible components
Eurosensors XXII, Dresden (7.-10.9.2008), Pre-
sentation
Zins, M.
Keramische Komponenten im modernen
Maschinenbau
MFD Materialforschungstag, Leipzig (29.2.2008)
Zins, M.
Technologietransfer – Technische Keramik
als Basis für Ausgründungen
Bedeutung von Transferprojekten und Unter-
nehmensgründungen für Fraunhofer-Institute
dresden exists “Berufsperspektive: Wissen-
schaftler oder Unternehmer?", Dresden
(21.10.2008), Presentation
Zins, M.
Faszination Technische Keramik - Trends
und Entwicklungen aus Industrie und
Forschung
Advanced Ceramics Forward, Nuremberg
(6.6.2008), Presentation
Zins, M.
Technische Keramik – vom Haushaltsmesser
zur Brennstoffzelle
Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften, Dresden
(4.7.2008), Presentation
Zins, M.
Keramische Werkstoffe für Schlüsselkompo-
nenten in der Energie- und Umwelttechnik
VDI Arbeitskreis Wärmebehandlung und Werk-
stofftechnik, Chemnitz (18.3.2008), Presenta-
tion
Zins, M.
Keramische Komponenten im
Maschinenverbund
HMI Werkstoffforum, Hanover (25.4.2008)
Zins, M.
Martkttrends und Entwicklungen im
Bereich keramischer Werkstoffe und kera-
mischer Bauteile
DVS 68. Sitzung der Arbeitsgruppe W3
“Fügen von Metall, Keramik und Glas", Dresden
(10.4.2008), Presentation
Zins, M.
Keramische Werkstoffe und Anwendun-
gen: Entwicklungstrends und -angebote
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Thermoplastische
Formgebung von Technischer Keramik, Dresden
(8./9.10.2008), Presentation
Zins, M.:
Markttrends und Entwicklungen im Bereich
keramischer Werkstoffe und keramischer
Bauteile
DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Entbinderung kera-
mischer Formteile, Dresden (23./24.10.2008),
Presentation
Teaching activities of IKTS employees Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.; Dr. Schönecker, A.; Participation on bodies /
Dr. Kusnezoff, M.; Dr. Stelter, M.; Technical committees
Dipl.-Ing. Höhn, S. Dr. Partsch, U. Employees at Fraunhofer IKTS are involved in
Lecture Lecture the work of national and international groups
Keramografie Keramische Funktionswerkstoffe of experts:
Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung “Metallogra- TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft
fie“ (SS08) Bodies
TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft
(7.1.2008) Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A. Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.
Lecture - Member of the DKG board
Dr. Jahn, M. Keramische Werkstoffe für die Praxis - DGM/DKG joint committee on High-Perfor-
Lecture Vorlesungsreihe “Faszination Maschinenwe- mance Ceramics, work group coordination
Chemische Verfahrenstechnik/Reaktionstechnik sen“ der TU Dresden (23.6.2008) - DGM/DKG joint committee on High-Perfor-
Hochschule Zittau für Chemiker und Ökologen mance Ceramics, work group functional
(SS08) Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A. ceramics, chair
Hochleistungskeramik von der Forschung bis - DECHEMA working committee on applied
Dr. Jahn, M. zur Anwendung inorganics chemistry
Lecture Ringvorlesung des Materialforschungsverbun- - Spokesperson Fraunhofer High Performance
Chemische Verfahrenstechnik/Reaktionstechnik des Dresden MFD in Zusammenarbeit mit der Ceramics Alliance
HTW Dresden, Chemieingenieurwesen TU Dresden (17.12.2008) - AGEF working group of electrochemical
(WS08/09) research institutions.
Dr. Nebelung, M. - Member of DPG (German Physical Society)
Dr. Krell, A. Lecture - Member of the Institute Council of IfWW
Eingeladene Vorlesung Grundoperationen der Verfahrenstechnik – (Institute of Materials Science), TU Dresden
Approaches of Low-Defect Processing for Trocknung - Association member of Research Center
Transparent Ceramics DECHEMA Weiterbildungskurs Technische Rossendorf
Haifa, Israel (16.-18.9.2008) Chemie - Member of the executive board of Roth&Rau
Universität Leipzig, Institut für Technische Che- - Dresdner Gesprächskreis
Dr. Maas, R. mie, Leipzig (11.11.2008) - Consultant NanoChem, BMBF
Lecture - Member of advisory committee “Internal
Ultraschall als Energiequelle verfahrenstechni- Dr. Rebenklau, L. Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft“
scher Prozesse Kapitel: “Technologien der Dickschichttechnik“ - AiF Wissenschaftlicher Rat
Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung “Verfahrens- in der Vorlesungsreihe “Hybridtechnik“ - Vorstand Solarvalley Mitteldeutschland e.V.
automatisierung“ TU Dresden, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Infor- - Beirat Arbeitskreis Photovoltaik Silicon
Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttech- mationstechnik (WS08/09) Saxony
nik, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, TU Dresden
(15.1.2008) Dr. Richter, V.; Dr. Moseley, S. Dr. Beckert, W.
Entwicklung des Lernmoduls III - Fraunhofer Numerical Simulation of Pro-
Dr. Maas, R. “Hartmetalle/Cermets“ des mehrsprachigen ducts, Processes Alliance (NUSIM)
Lecture Internet-Lehrgangs “Design for PM“ der EPMA
Einsatz von Leistungsultraschall zur Effizienz- (2008), http://epma.autotrain.org Dr. Krell, A.
steigerung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse - Associate editor of “Journal of the ameri-
Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung “Verfahrens- Dr. Zins, M. can ceramic society“
automatisierung“ Lecture
Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttech- Einsatz und Herstellung keramischer Schneid- Dr. Lenk, R.
nik, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, TU Dresden stoffe - DKG-Expertenkreis Keramikspritzguss, Vor-
(13.11.2008) TU Bergakademie Freiberg (1.2008) standsvorsitzender
- Fraunhofer-Allianz Hochleistungskeramik
Dipl.-Ing. Meißner, T. Dr. Zins, M. Geschäftsstelle
Kapitel: »Bewertung potentieller Risiken von Lecture
Nanopartikeln – eine interdisziplinäre Heraus- NE-Metalle / Keramik / Kunststoffe Dr. Moritz, T.
forderung« Technische Keramik als Leichtbaustoff - Spokesperson of European Network of
In der Vorlesungsreihe der hochschuloffenen TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft Materials Research Centres (ENMat)
Kolloquien des FB Maschinenbau/Verfahrens- (WS08/09) - Spokesperson of Competence Center
technik, Studiengang Chemieingenieurwesen. Nanomat
Hochschule Für Technik und Wirtschaft Dres- - Management Committee of COST action
den FH, Fachbereich Maschinenbau/Verfahrens- MP0701 “Nanocomposite Materials“
technik (20.11.2008)
Dr. Richter V.
Prof. Dr. Michaelis A. - Nanotechnology group of EPMA
Lecture and intership (co-chairman)
Einführung in die keramischen Struktur- und - Fraunhofer Nanotechnology Alliance
Funktionswerkstoffe
TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft Dr. Schönecker, A.
(WS08/09) - Advisor at Smart Material GmbH, Dresden

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 81

Dr. Stelter, M.
- Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony (Brennstoffzellen-
Initiative Sachsen e.V.), spokesperson and
co-ordinator
- Member of scientific advisory board of the
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Research and
Technology Greifswald
Dr. Zins, M.
- Member of DKG coordinating group for
structural materials
Technical committees
Dr. Friedrich, H.
- DKG technical committee 10 “environmen-
tal engineering«, chair
- VDI/GVC technical committee particle mea-
suring technology
- VDI/GVC technical committee waste
management, recovery of raw materials
- VDI/GET technical committee renewable
energies
- Work group granulometriy at Dresdner
Bezirksverein of the VDI work group Lan-
desgruppe Sachsen/Thüringen
- DWA technical committee sludge treatment
- Energy project - Biogas (Netherlands)
- Fachverband Biogas
Dr. Jaenicke-Rössler, K.
- GEFTA work group thermophysics
- GEFTA work group measurement uncer-
tainties of thermo-dilatometers
Dr. Klemm, H.
- DKG work group strengthening of ceramic
materials
- DIN standards committee materials testing
NMP 291
- European Structural Integrity Society
technical committee 6 (technical ceramics)
Kunath, R.
- ADI work groups Dresdner Informationsver-
mittler e.V.
- Work group special libraries
Dr. Moritz, T.
- DECHEMA technical committee nanotech-
nology
- Competence center ENMAT (European Net-
work of Materials Research Institutes)
- DKG-Expertenkreis Keramikspritzguss
Nake, K.
- DGM-Arbeitskreis Härteprüfung und AWT –
Fachausschuss FA-12
Dr. Nebelung, M.
- VDI/GVC technical committee agglomera-
tion and bulk material technology
- VDI/GVC technical committee drying tech-
nology
82 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
- DKG technical committee process enginee-
ring
- Member of Association of Thermal
Spraying e.V.
- DGM/DKG work group processing proper-
ties of ceramic materials, chair
Dr. Potthoff, A.
- DGM/DKG-Arbeitskreis Prozessbegleitende
Prüfverfahren
- DECHEMA/VCI work group responsible
production and use of nanomaterials
Dr. Richter, H.-J.
- DGM/DKG technical committee Advanced
Ceramics, work group ceramic membranes
Dr. Richter, V.
- VDI technical committee applications with
cutting materials
- DGM technical committee materials
aspects of tribology
- DECHEMA/VCI work group responsible
production and use of nanomaterials
- Fraunhofer-Allianz »Nanotechnologie«
- EPMA-Arbeitskreis »European Hard
Materials Group«
- Gemeinschaftsausschuss Pulvermetallurgie
Expertenkreis »Sintern«
Dr. Siegel, S.
- DKG technical committee quality
Dr. Zins, M.
- Technical committee powder metallurgy
- DKG technical committee ceramic applica-
tions
- Deutsche Messe AG, technical advisory
board of Hannover Messe subcontracting
Technical committees at symposia and
meetings
Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.
- Vision Keramik 2008+, Dresden
(January 17-18, 2008)
- APNFM 2008 – Advanced Processing for
Novel Functional Materials, Dresden
(January 23-25, 2008)
- DGM/DKG Symposium HLK 2008, Hamburg
(February 25-27, 2007)
- Committee member of the DECHMA
discussion conference “Inorganic Technical
Chemistry", Frankfurt a. Main (2008)
- MSE 2008: Materials Science and Enginee-
ring, Nuremberg (September 1-4, 2008)
- 2. MATERIALICA Keramik Kongress, Munich
(October 14/15, 2008)
- MFD Material Research Day 2008 Dresden
(Nov/Dez 2008)
- Committee member of the DECHMA
discussion conference “Inorganic Technical
Chemistry", Frankfurt a. Main (2009)
- INSECT 2009: International Symposium on
Electrochemical Machining Technology (2009)
Dr. Lenk, R.
- 3rd International Workshop on Advanced
Ceramics IWAC03, Limoges, France (06.-
08.11.2008)
Dr. Nebelung, M.
- Programm-Organisator 13. DKG-Fortbil-
dungsseminar “Technologische Grundlagen
der Granulierung und Granulatverarbei-
tung", Dresden (April 24/25, 2008)
- Programm-Organisator 4. DKG Fortbil-
dungsseminar “Sprühtrocknung kerami-
scher Suspensionen – Technologie und Sta-
tistische Versuchsplanung", Dresden
(September 12, 2008)
Dr. Richter, V.
- Member of Program Committee “Steel Cut-
ting 2008 – Innovative Methods and
Trends", Kassel (11./12.6.2008)
- Member of International Advisory Board
"11th International Inhalation Symposium",
Hanover (June 11-14, 2008)
- Vorbereitung und Chairman "2. Symposium
Nanotechnology and Toxicology in Environ-
ment and Health", Leipzig (April 2/3, 2008)
- Mitorganisation Bürgerdialog Nano Care,
Dresden (November 29, 2008)
Dissertations Hlawatschek, Sebastian Richter, Sylvia
Erzeugung von gradierten WC-Co-Hartmetal- Entschwefelung von Biogas und Campinggas
Fries, Manfred len durch gesteuerte Rekristallisation Diplomarbeit 2008
Produktgestaltung keramischer Sprühgranulate Diplomarbeit 2008 IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Lausitz
für die uniaxiale Pressverdichtung zu großfor- IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-
matigen Bauteilen nenwesen Schäfer, Matthias
Dissertation 2008 Charakterisierung von Schüttguteigenschaften
IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg Jacob, Maik mit der Torsionsscherzelle des Powder Rheome-
Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Kon- ter FT4
Günther, Michael densatorstrukturen unter Verwendung von Diplomarbeit 2008
Untersuchungen zur Optimierung von elektri- SrTiO3-basierten Dünnschichten als Dielektri- IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg
schen Schaltungsträgern auf der Basis von kum
Keramik–Metall-Verbunden Diplomarbeit 2008 Schenz, Kerstin
Dissertation 2008 IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden, Fachbereich Einsatz der SOFC-Technologie zur Bereitstellung
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Elektro- Maschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik von Strom und Wärme aus Biogas in einem
technik und Informationstechnik Brennstoffzellensystem
Kaden, Conrad Diplomarbeit 2008
Maas, Robert Experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Bio- IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Lübeck, Ange-
Beitrag zur numerischen und experimentellen gas betriebenen Brennstoffzellensystem wandte Naturwissenschaften
Untersuchung des Schall- und Strömungsfeldes Diplomarbeit 2008
bei der Klärschlammdesintegration mit IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi- Schwieger, Janine
Ultraschall nenwesen, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft Charakterisierung des Agglomerationsverhal-
Dissertation 2008 tens oxidischer Nanopartikel unter physiologi-
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi- Kaina, Steffen schen Bedingungen
nenwesen Entwicklung anorganischer Werkstoffe für tri- Diplomarbeit 2008
bologische Anwendungen im Automobilbau IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Lausitz
Naake, Anja Diplomarbeit 2008
Entwicklung und Charakterisierung eines PZT- IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-
Aluminium-Verbundes, hergestellt im Kokillen- nenwesen
gussverfahren
Dissertation 2008 Koszyk, Stefanie
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi- Katalysatorscreening für die katalytische Oxida-
nenwesen tion von Kohlenmonoxid
Diplomarbeit 2008
Diploma theses IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden, Fachbereich
Maschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik
Dittmer, Robert
Physical and chemical properties of ceramic Kucera, Anja
leadzirconattitanate fibers prepared by extrusi- Anpassung von leitfähigen und nichtleitfähigen
on and spinning processes Feedstocks für den 2-Komponenten-Spritzguss
Diplomarbeit 2008 von keramischen Heizelementen
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi- Diplomarbeit 2008
nenwesen IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Osnabrück,
Fakultät Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik
Eckhard, Susanna
Entstehung von Produktstrukturen bei der Mayer, Markus
Sprühtrocknung keramischer Suspensionen Herstellung und Charakterisierung gerichteter
Diplomarbeit 2008 Carbon Nanotube-Strukturen auf leitfähigen
IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg Trägermaterialien
Diplomarbeit 2008
Hänig, Dorothee IKTS Dresden – Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz
In-situ Untersuchung der Topographieentwick-
lung von Werkstoffen bei elektrochemischer Mahzouli, Noamane
Parametervariation unter ECM-nahen Bedin- Gläser für Dickschichtpasten auf AlN
gungen Diplomarbeit 2008
Diplomarbeit 2008 IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg,
IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi- Fakultät Maschinenbau, Verfahrens- und Ener-
nenwesen gietechnik

Hertel, Stefan Perske, Mandy

Einfluss von Schwefel im Brenngas auf das Leis- Katalytisch aktive SiC-Nanokomposite aus
tungsverhalten von Festoxidbrennstoffzellen molekularen Vorstufen
Bachelorarbeit 2008 Diplomarbeit 2008
IKTS Dresden – Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden
Physik und Geowissenschaften

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 83

Exhibitions 2007-2008
Gottfried Körner
Rhythm of colors
Watercolor.
“Art meets science“ has become a
living tradition at several institutes of
the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.
Changing exhibitions have estab-
lished an inherent part of the cultural
life of the institutes. The Fraunhofer
IKTS looks back on 17 years of exhibi-
tions. As much as our institute grew
in the last years, the exhibition area
could also be increased. In the
entrance hall and its adjacent floors
60 artworks can be exhibited.
About 40 artists from Dresden and
other German cities presented their
works at our institute covering the
different artistic styles of fine arts. So,
oil, acryl and watercolor paintings,
illustrations and graphic reproducti-
ons, large-format photography and
artworks made from different materi-
als such as wood, titanium, bronze
and ceramics were presented.
84 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report
Marianne and Dr. Christian Frenzel Hartmut Trache
Grace, seriousness and cheerfulness Fragrance
Photography. Acryl.
In 2007 and 2008 the following exhi- The atmosphere where science and
bitions were presented at Fraunhofer art are combined receives great feed-
IKTS: back from our partners and guests.
This impulse promotes the creativity
- July 2007 and a good working atmosphere.
Photographic exhibition by Both contribute to our success.
Marianne and Dr. Christian Frenzel
Dresden – looked at two times It is planned to continue this tradition
in the coming years. Jochen Rhode,
- November 2007 who has already created the large-
Acryl paintings by Roland Gräfe format artwork “Becoming and gro-
Here and there wing“ for the entrance hall of IKTS,
will present his new works.
- January 2008
Photographic exhibition of Grit Michael
Thomas Ermer
Bright spots
- May 2008
Gottfried Körner / Hartmut Trache
Rhythm of colors
- December 2008
Acryl paintings by Dietmar Wehlan
Invisible becomes visible
It has become a tradition at IKTS to
open the exhibition with a vernissage.
So, this kind of event taking place
three times a year becomes a place
where staff interested in art, former
colleagues as well as numerous
guests and artists meet.
Planned events / Trade shows 2009

Symposia Seminars / Workshops Participation in trade shows

ISPA 2009 DKG continuing seminars Enertec

International Symposium on
Piezocomposite Applications
September 24-25, 2009
Contact:
Dr. Andreas Schönecker
+49 351 2553-508
INSECT 2009
International Symposium on Elec-
trochemical Machining Technology
November 26-27, 2009
Contact:
Dr. Michael Schneider
+49 351 2553-793
Industrial seminars
Industrial seminar
“Efficiency improvement of biogas
plants by innovative sensor tech-
nology“
Spring 2010
Contact:
Dr. Michael Stelter
+49 351 2553-648
Industrial seminar
“Spray drying in powder
technology“
September 7-8, 2009
Contact:
Dr. Manfred Nebelung
+49 351 2553-540
Events
Leipzig, January 27-29, 2009
“Technological fundamentals of
granulation and granule proces- Nanotech
sing“ Tokyo, February 18-20, 2009
April 23-24, 2009
Contact: Hannover-Messe
Dr. Manfred Nebelung Hanover, April 20-24, 2009
+49 351 2553-540
SMT/HYBRID/PACKAGING 2009
“Spray drying of ceramic Nuremberg, May 5-7, 2009
suspensions“
September 9-11, 2009 ACHEMA 2009
Contact: Frankfurt a. M., May 11-15, 2009
Dr. Manfred Nebelung
+49 351 2553-540 Sensor + Test 2009
Nuremberg, May 26-28, 2009
“Thermoplastic shape-forming of
advanced ceramics - technology Biotechnica
and training“ Hanover, October 6-8, 2009
October 7-8, 2009
Contact: Euro PM
Dr. Reinhard Lenk International Congress & Exhibition
+49 351 2553-539 Copenhagen, October 12-14, 2009
“Debinding of ceramic bodies“ Ceramitec
October 29-30, 2009 Munich, October 20-23, 2009
Contact:
Dr. Mathias Herrmann Hagener Symposium
+49 351 2553-527 Hagen, November 2009
Seminars of Fraunhofer Demons- IMAPS USA 2009
tration Center “AdvanCer“ International Symposium on Micro-
Contact: electronics
Dr. Reinhard Lenk Rhode Island, USA,
+49 351 2553-539 November 2-6, 2009

Junior doctor 2009 “Manufacturing technologies, pro- Productronica 2009

March 17, 2009 perties, applications“ Munich, November 10-13, 2009
March 19, 2009 Dresden (March 11-12, 2009)
Contact: Fuel Cell Seminar & Exposition
Katrin Schwarz “Machining of advanced ceramics“ 2009
+49 351 2553-720 Aachen (May 11-12, 2009) Palm Springs, USA,
November 16-20, 2009
Long Night of Sciences 2009 “Construction, quality assurance
June 19, 2009 and application“ EuroMold 2009
Contact: Freiburg (November 12-13, 2009) Frankfurt a. M., December 2-5, 2009
Katrin Schwarz
+49 351 2553-720

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 85

Information service

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01277 Dresden
Germany
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86 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

How to reach us

Fraunhofer IKTS Dresden

How to reach us By railway and tram

By car - From Dresden main railway station:

- From stop “Hauptbahnhof Nord“ take line 9
- At the three-way highway intersection “Dres- (direction Prohlis) to “Wasaplatz“
den West“ exit Autobahn A4 onto Autobahn - Change to line 89 (direction Heidenau) and exit
A17 in direction “Prag“ (Prague) at “Fraunhofer-Institutszentrum“
- Exit at “Dresden Prohlis“ (Exit 4)
- Continue 2 km along the secondary road in By plane
direction “Zentrum“ (City Center)
- At the end of the secondary road (Kaufmarkt - From Airport Dresden-Klotzsche take a taxi to
store will be on the right side), go through light Winterbergstrasse 28 (distance is approximately
and continue straight ahead along 7 miles or 10 km)
Langer Weg in direction “Prohlis“ (IHK) - Or use suburban train S2 (underground train
- After 1 km, turn left onto Mügelner Strasse station) to stop “Haltepunkt Strehlen“
- Turn right at the next traffic light onto - Change to bus line 89 (direction Heidenau) and
Moränenende exit at “Fraunhofer-Institutszentrum“
- Continue under the train tracks and turn left at
next traffic light onto Breitscheidstrasse
- Continue 3 km (the road name will change to
An der Rennbahn and then to Winter-
bergstrasse)
- Fraunhofer IKTS is on the left side of the road
(Winterbergstrasse 28) across from the NETTO
grocery store

Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report 87

Editorial notes

Editorial team / layout:

Katrin Schwarz
Peter Peuker
Susanne Freund
Rita Kunath

Printing:
MAXROI Graphics GmbH

Photo acknowledgments:
Photographer Jürgen Lösel
Foto Wachs Dresden
Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden
Fraunhofer ISC, Würzburg
Fraunhofer IST, Braunschweig

Institute address:
Fraunhofer Institute for
Ceramic Technologies and Systems
IKTS Dresden
Winterbergstrasse 28
01277 Dresden
Germany

Phone +49 351 2553-700

Fax +49 351 2553-600
info@ikts.fraunhofer.de
www.ikts.fraunhofer.de

Press and public relations:

Dipl.-Chem. Katrin Schwarz
Phone +49 351 2553-720
katrin.schwarz@ikts.fraunhofer.de

Reprints permitted only upon express authorization

by editorial team.

© Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden 2009-06

88 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report