REACTION TURBINE PROBLEMS

1. In a certain hydroelectric power plant, the elevation of tail water level is 1575 ft. The net head or effective head is 90 ft and
the head loss is 3.8 % of the gross head. Determine the headwater elevation and the penstock efficiency.

2. In a hydroelectric plant, the available flow rate of water is 25000 lps at 30 m effective head. If the turbine efficiency is 85 %
and the generator efficiency is 90%, determine the maximum power generated by the plant.

3. At a proposed hydroelectric plant site, the average elevation of headwater is 600 m. The tail water elevation is 40 m. The
average water flow is determined to be equal to the volume flowing through a rectangular channel 4 m wide and 0.5 m deep
with an average velocity of 5.5 m/s. Assuming that the plant will operate 350 days in a year, find the annual energy in KW-hr
that the plant site can develop if the hydraulic turbine that will be used has an efficiency of 80% and generator efficiency of
92%. Consider a head loss of 4 % of the available head.

4. The elevation of the head water in a proposed hydroelectric power plant is 194 m and the tail water is at 60 m. The loss due to
friction is computed to be 6.5 m and the volume flow rate is 5 m3/s. Turbine efficiency is 90 %. The turbine is to be connected
to a 60-cycles AC generator. Determine the number of poles of the generator and generator power output. The turbine has a
specific speed of 32 rpm.

5. The pressure gauge located at the penstock leading to a Francis turbine casing reads 372.6 KPag, and the velocity of the water
at the inlet is 6 m/s. The discharge is 2.5 m3/s. the hydraulic efficiency is 85%. The top of the draft tube is 1.5 m below the
centerline of the spiral casing while the tail race level is 2.5 m from the top of the draft tube. Leakage losses are negligible.
Determine the utilized head, the turbine BP, the mechanical efficiency, Indicated power and the mechanical friction power.

IMPULSE TURBINE PROBLEMS

1. In a hydroelectric plant, the difference in elevation between the surface of the water at the intake and at the tailrace is 183m.
When the water flow is 2.25 m3/s, the friction loss in the penstock is 18m, and the head utilized by the turbine is 140m. The
mechanical friction in the turbine is 75 kW and the leakage loss is 85 lps. Determine the ff: a.) Hydraulic efficiency, b.)
Volumetric efficiency, c.) Power delivered to the shaft, d.) Turbine break power, and e.) Mechanical efficiency

2. The difference in elevation between the source of the water supply and the centerline of the nozzle of a pelton wheel is 1223
ft. During a test the pressure at the end of the nozzle was 510 psig when the flow was 44.5 cfs. Inside diameter of the penstock
is 30 inches. Compute a.) Water power at the nozzle, b.) Brake HP developed by the pelton wheel if efficiency is 80%, c.)
friction head loss, and d.) penstock efficiency.
3. a.) What type of hydraulic turbine would you recommend if it is desired to develop 5000 BHP at 514 rpm under a head of
600 ft?
b.) Under the same condition, what type of turbine would you use if it is desired to develop 1000 BHP?
c.) If it is desired to use a turbine whose specific speed is 300 rpm to deliver 100 BHP under a head of 100 ft, what is the correct
speed of the unit?

4. An impulse turbine with an efficiency of 94 % is required to deliver 152 hp. The length of the penstock is 1.5 miles with a
diameter of 15 inches. the difference in elevation between headwater and the turbine is 900 ft. The coefficient of friction is 0.03.
Determine the amount of water flow in the penstock.

5. It is desired to develop 3880 BHP with impulse turbine under an effective head of 900 ft. Velocity coefficient of nozzle is 98
%. What should be the diameter of the wheel and its speed in rpm? For maximum efficiency diameter of nozzle/diameter of
wheel = 1/12. The turbine efficiency is 82%.

6. The difference in elevation between the source of the water in a storage reservoir and the intake to an impulse turbine was
132.4 ft. During a test, the pressure head at the latter point was 126.6 ft and the discharge was 44.5 cfs. The inside diameter of
the penstock was 30 inches. a.) What was the penstock efficiency? b.) What was the hp delivered to the turbine? c.) What was
the friction loss?

7. A pelton type turbine was installed 30 m below the head water. The head loss due to friction is 15 % of the given elevation.
The length of the penstock is 80 m and the coefficient of friction is 0.00093. Determine a.) diameter of the penstock, m and b.)
the water power in Kw.