Manipal University Jaipur

Department Of Chemical Engineering

CE 1631- TRANSPORT PHENOMENA LABORATORY-II
III YEAR, 6TH SEMESTER, 2018

EXPERIMENT #3
Agitated Vessel (Unsteady State)

INSTRUCTOR
Dr. Anand Gupta Chakinala
Dr. Mohd. Oayes Midda

MEMBER: Mustafa Barwaniwala

Experiment carried on: 31/01/2018

Report submitted on : 05/02/2018

PRELAB (10) ______

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (10) ______
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES/SCOPE/PROCEDURE (30) ______
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (30) ______
a) Data analysis and interpretation of information
b) Presentation of relevant information (including results on graphical, tabular or equation
forms)
CONCLUSIONS (5) ______
REFERENCES (5) ______
APPENDIX
a) Design assignment
b) Original data, sample calculations, other information (5) ______
GENERAL COMPLETENESS
a) Conciseness and neatness (5) ______
TOTAL (100) ______
 Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 3
OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 4
APPARATUS DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................ 4
PROCEDURE ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Observations .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Results .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Références .............................................................................................................................................. 7
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The mode of heat transfer in an agitated vessel is either through an external jacket on the vessel
or internal coils. The objective of this experiment was to calculate the coil side overall heat
transfer coefficient for constant speeds of agitation. Also to develop insights in determining
heating or cooling time. In this experiment it is observed the effect of the flowrate on the
temperatures with respect to time. In simple words, to study the relationship between the time
and the temperature. The main components of the set-up are an external jacket with internal
coils. Cold water is filled inside up to the baffle level. Rotameter is attached to set different
flowrates.
We also determined the heating and cooling time taken by water, which was around 5
minutes for heating and different time intervals for cooling.
 OBJECTIVE
To determine the coil side overall heat transfer coefficient for constant sped of agitation and
determine the heating and cooling time.

INTRODUCTION
In industries like chemical or biochemical, upstream and downstream processes are mostly
carried out in an agitated vessel. Sometimes agitated vessel is used for main reaction. For such
operations desired temperature is maintained. Heat transfer is carried out by the means external
jacket, coils or plates or vertical tube baffles inserted in the agitated vessel. In case any
corrosive or highly reactive materials are used, using a jacket has a great advantage. Where it
is frequently necessary to calculation of time to heat or cool a batch or the cooling capacity
required to hold an exothermic or endothermic reaction at constant temperature is necessary,
agitated vessel heat transfer is used.
Heat transfer in agitated vessels can be carried out either through an external jacket on the
vessel or by internal coils. Where a jacket or coils cannot provide the surface area required, a
recirculation loop with an external heat exchanger may be used. In the study of stirred tank
heaters, we will use it primarily as an instrument for varying the temperature of fluid present
in the tank. We generally use a heating coil or jacket filled with a hot fluid surrounding the
tank. Here, we will be using the coil to heat the tank. For simplicity, we will have the same
phase for both the tank fluid and the coil fluid. We also assume that no change of phase takes
place in either of the fluids i.e. the ones in the tank and in the surrounding coil.

APPARATUS DESCRIPTION
It is a stainless steel jacketed vessel. A helical coil of copper is fitted inside in order to cool
down the water. A variable speed impeller is fitted inside the vessel, whose speed can be
varied according to our desire. Variation in temperature of inside water is measured using
thermocouples and is noted. Set-up is fitted with steam traps for condensate collection. Flow
rate of water can be controlled and measured using rotameter.

PROCEDURE
Start-up
1. Turn on the apparatus.

2. Fill the agitating vessel with water more the 50% to its capacity.

3. Fill the tank with water and start the heater to get the desired set temperature.
4. After reaching the set temperature switch off the heater and open the valve so that the
steam accumulated goes to the steam jacket and heat transfer takes place between jacket
and vessel.

5. At this point start the agitator and set it at constant speed.

6. Wait for the steady state of temperature and note down T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5.

7. Note the flow rate of the steam and turn off the supply of steam to jacket.

8. Now turn on the cold water supply into the coils and set at a particular flow rate.

9. After steady state is achieved note down the final temperatures as above.

10. Repeat the same procedure at different agitator speed and different flow rates of cold
water.

Shut-down
11. Empty the tank after water reaches room temperature.

12. Turn off the apparatus.

Analysis:
1. Inside diameter of agitated vessel (Dt): 0.28 m
2. Impeller diameter (Da): 0.14 m
3. Outside coil diameter (Dc): 0.16 m
4. Density of the fluid in the vessel: 980 kg/m3
5. Thermal conductivity of the fluid in the vessel: 0.65 W/m K
6. Viscosity of fluid in the vessel: 4.50E-04 Pa. s
7. Viscosity of fluid in the at coil wall temperature: 7.98E-04
8. Specific heat of liquid (Cp): 4.2 KJ/Kg ˚C

mCp(dT/dt) = UA(Ts-T) where m = mass of water being heated

Which on integrating gives
T=Ʈ*ln(Ts-Ti/Ts-T)
Combining both the equations
Cp= specific heat
A= area of coil
U= overall heat transfer coefficient
T= water temperature at time t
Ts= steam temperature
where Ʈ= MCp/UA
The heat transfer coefficient for both heating and cooling operation can be defined. The
impeller of the agitator was set at an constant RPM during the experiment.

Observations
TIME (min) T1(°C) T2(°C) T3(°C) T4(°C) T5(°C)
0 22 107.8 23.1 22.6 23.1
5 31.1 113 235 30 24.6
10 54 109.4 24.4 36.4 27.4
15 92.2 105 28.8 45.8 32.7
20 100.5 106.1 35.1 81.3 80
25 100.5 107.1 40.9 90.1 91.1

Table 1: Heating side Observations

TIME (min) T1(°C) T2(°C) T3(°C) T4(°C) T5(°C)

0 90.1 90 43.7 32.5 60.3
1 80.2 81.1 44.5 30.9 53.4
2 71.7 75.1 43.9 30.3 50.3
3 65.1 71.4 43.3 30.6 40.9
5 51 52.2 42.3 28.1 46.4
10 43.1 46.5 40.5 28.1 40
14 32.4 55 39.3 28.6 30.2
16 30.5 51.7 38.3 8.8 29.5
18 30.1 48.6 37.3 28.9 29.2
20 29.4 46.8 36.5 29 29.4
Table 2: Cooling side Observations

Results
Heating side

M(Kg) Cp(Kj/kgk) A(m^2) U(W/m^2.k)

7.225 4.187 0.32 0.031

Cooling side

M(Kg) Cp(Kj/kgk) A(m^2) U(W/m^2.k)

7.225 4.187 0.17 0.018

Heating time is 25 minutes and cooling time iss 20 minutes.

 Références
1 Alan S. Foust, Leonard A. Wenzel, Curtis W. Clump, Louis Maus, L. Bryce Anderson,
Principles of unit operations 2nd Edition, Wiley-India edition, p. 292 (2010)